JP2013500704A - タンパク質発現用未修飾および修飾ヌクレオチドの組み合わせを有するrna - Google Patents
タンパク質発現用未修飾および修飾ヌクレオチドの組み合わせを有するrna Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013500704A JP2013500704A JP2012522031A JP2012522031A JP2013500704A JP 2013500704 A JP2013500704 A JP 2013500704A JP 2012522031 A JP2012522031 A JP 2012522031A JP 2012522031 A JP2012522031 A JP 2012522031A JP 2013500704 A JP2013500704 A JP 2013500704A
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Abstract
Description
好中球の数の増加、ならびに炎症性サイトカインレベルの上昇を伴ったが(図3Hおよび図S4)、一方でSP−B mRNAで処理したマウスではこの肺損傷を広範に防いだ。ドキシサイクリンの使用中止は処置なしで肺機能を悪化させたことが示されている(14、15)。s2U(0.25)m5C(0.25) SP−B mRNAでのSP−B−/−マウスの持続的処理は、ドキシサイクリンを投与したSP−B−/−マウスのように、正常な肺機能を維持したことを観察した(図3Iおよび図S5)。
RFP cDNA(678bp)のin vitro転写のため、SP6プロモーターを含むプラスミドpCS2+DsRedT4を用いた。SP−B cDNA(1146bp)のin vitro転写のため、T7プロモーターを含むpVAX1プラスミド(インビトロジェン社)を用いた。EGFPLucのin vitro転写用ベクターを作製するため、T7プロモーターを含むpST1−2β−globin−UTR−A−(120)コンストラクト(19)を用いた。標準的な分子生物学的手法を用いて、これらのコンストラクトをクローニングした。
in vitro転写用の鋳型を作製するために、XbaIでpCS2+DsRed.T4、EGFPLucおよびSP−Bプラスミドを線状化した。線状化したベクターDNAを、NucleoSpin Extract IIキット(Macherey−Nagel社)で精製して、分光光度法により評価した。mMESSAGE−mMACHINE SP6またはT7ウルトラキット(Ambion社)を用いてin vitro転写を行った。前記SP6キットは7−メチルGpppGでmRNAをキャッピングし、一方前記T7キットは転写反応中にアンチリバースキャップアナログ(ARCA;7−メチル−(3’−O−メチル))GpppGm7G(5’)ppp(5’)Gを超高収率で作り出した。RNA修飾体を生成するために、次の修飾リボ核酸三リン酸を、規定した比率で反応系に添加した:2'−チオウリジン5'−三リン酸、5’−メチルシチジン5’−三リン酸、偽ウリジン5'−三リン酸およびN6−メチルアデノシン5’−三リン酸(全てTriLink BioTechnologies社から入手し、HPLCおよび31P NMRで純度をチェックした)。in vitro転写の後、poly(A)tailキット(Ambion社)を用いてpVAX1 SP−Bプラスミド由来のRNAを酵素的にポリアデニル化した。そのポリ(A)尾部はおよそ200ntの長さであった。キャッピングしたmRNA(RFP、EGFPLucおよびSP−B)全てを、MEGAclearキット(Ambion社)で精製して、Aglient RNA 6000 Nano Assayを用いてBioanalysis Instrument 2100(Agilent Technologie社)でサイズおよび純度を分析した。
[肺細胞トランスフェクション]
ヒト由来およびマウス由来のII型肺胞上皮細胞株、それぞれA549およびMLE12を、10%ウシ胎児血清(FCS)、1%ペニシリン-ストレプトマイシンおよび0.5%ゲンタマイシンを補充した最小必須培地(インビトロジェン社)中で増殖させた。トランスフェクション1日前、1ウェルあたり80,000個の細胞を24ウェルプレートに蒔いた。その細胞(90%コンフルエントを超える)を、リポフェクトアミン2000(インビトロジェン社)を製造者の指示に従って使用して、200ngのmRNAでトランスフェクションした。4時間後、その細胞をPBSで洗浄し、血清含有培地を加えた。長期発現の分析のため、その細胞を規則的に再分配した(コンフルエンスが90%を超える場合)。
液体窒素中で凍結保存したヒトPBMC(CTL−Europe GmbH)を、37℃でCTL Anti−Aggregate Wash Supplementを用いて注意深く解凍し、その間に滅菌ろ過したRPMI−1640(インビトロジェン社)をゆっくり添加した。データを再現可能にするために、記載した全ての実験について、単一特徴のバッチのPBMCを用いた。
上述したようにRFP mRNAでトランスフェクションしたA549細胞およびMLE12細胞に対して、フローサイトメトリー分析を行った。FACSキャリバー(BD Bioscience社)を用いて蛍光を測定するために、これらの細胞を、0.25%トリプシン/EDTAで取り外して、PBSで3回洗浄して、PBS中に再懸濁させた。トランスフェクション効率は、PBSでのみ処理したコントロール細胞の蛍光強度を超えた細胞集団のパーセンテージから算出した。1本のチューブあたり少なくとも2500個の細胞が数えられた。このデータをCellquest Proで分析した。
ヒトIL−8およびTNF−αキット(RayBio社)、マウスIFN−γおよびIL−12(P40/P70)キット(RayBio社)、マウスIFN−αキット(RbD System社)を用いて、酵素結合免疫吸着法(ELISA)を行った。
Retic Lysate IVT(Ambion社)を用いて、500ngのRFP mRNAをin vitro転写した。メチオニンを最終濃度50μMで添加した。この混合物を水浴中で30℃にてインキュベーションして、サンプルを種々の時間で取り出して、Wallac Victor2 1420 Multilabel Counter(パーキンエルマー社)で590nmにて蛍光強度を測定した。
RNeasyミニキット(キアゲン社)を用いてA549細胞またはヒトPBMCから総RNAを抽出して(下記RIPプロトコールを参照)、製品マニュアルに従いiScript cDNA synthesisキット(バイオ・ラッド社)を用いて、20μLのバッチで逆転写(RT)を行った。iQ SYBR Green SupermixおよびiCycler(バイオ・ラッド社)を用いて、2つのバッチ内で次のプライマーを用いてcDNAを増幅した。RFP:5’−GCACCCAGACCGCCAAGC(フォワードプライマー)、およびRFP:5’−ATCTCGCCCTTCAGCACGC(リバースプライマー)。iCycler IQ software 3.1(バイオ・ラッド社)を用いて、ベースラインサイクルおよび閾値を自動的に計算して、Ct値を得た。
12.8μLのLipofectamin 2000を含む1mLのOptiMEM 1を用いて、5μgのmRNAで1×106個のヒトPBMC(CTL−Europe GmbH)をトランスフェクションした。4時間後、培地に10%FCSを補充した。24時間後、その細胞懸濁液をチューブに移し、10分間の350rpmでの遠心分離によって細胞をペレットにした。次に、RIPを行うために、ChIP−IT Expressプロトコール(アクティブ・モティフ社)の変形バージョンを用いた。全ての必要な試薬の調製のために、DEPC処理水(Serva Electrophoresis社)を用いた。ChIP−ITマニュアルに従って、細胞に固定液を添加し、次いでグリシン停止-固定液および氷冷した1×PBCを加えて、その細胞を4℃にてペレットにした。次に、細胞を溶解緩衝液に再懸濁してプロテアーゼインヒビターPICおよびPMSFを添加し、30分間氷上でインキュベーションした。10分間、4℃にて2400rpmでの遠心分離の後、上清に捕獲反応を行った。ChIP−IT Expressマニュアルに記載された通り、8連PCRストリップチューブ内で一晩TLR−mRNA/RIG−mRNA複合体を磁気ビーズに捕獲した。更に、SUPERase RNaseインヒビター(アプライドバイオシステムズ/Ambion社)を最終濃度1U/μLで添加した。抗体として、抗ヒトTLR3マウスIgG1、TLR7ウサギIgG1およびTLR8マウスIgG1(これらはすべてImgenex社から入手)ならびにRIG−1ウサギIgG1(ProSci社)を用いた。ChIP−IT Expressプロトコールに従って、磁気ビーズの洗浄後に、TLR−mRNA/RIG−mRNA抗体複合体を溶離して、逆交差結合(reverse cross−link)させて、プロテイナーゼKで処理した。最後に、溶離したmRNAに、上述したように、逆転写および定量RT−PCRを行った。
濃度が30mg/mLに達するように、D−ルシフェリン基質を水に溶解して、pHを7に調整し、最終容積を調整した。この溶液50μLを、麻酔したマウスの鼻孔に塗布し、鼻呼吸により吸収させた(1.5mgルシフェリン/マウス)。10分後、次のカメラ設定を用いて、(21)に記載されたようにIVIS100 imaging system(Xenogen社)で生物発光を測定した:視野10、f1 f−stop、高分解能、照明時間1〜10分。Living Image Software Version 2.50(Xenogen社)を用いてバックグラウンドを差し引き、肺領域でのシグナルを定量的に評価および分析した。
6〜8週齢のメスのBALB/Cマウス(チャールズ・リバー・ラボラトリーズ)を、特定の病原体非存在条件下で維持し、12時間照明12時間消灯サイクルで個別の換気したケージ内で維持し、適宜に食糧および水を補給した。実験の開始前少なくとも7日間、実験動物を気候順化させた。全ての動物の操作は、地方倫理委員会によって承認および点検され、ドイツ動物保護法のガイドラインに従って行った。尾静脈への注射を除くすべての実験について、実験動物を、メデトミジン(0.5mg/kg)、ミダゾラム(5mg/kg)およびフェンタニル(50μg/kg)の混合物でi.p.(腹腔内)麻酔した。各実験の後、アチパメゾール(50μg/kg)、フルマゼニル(10μg/kg)およびナロキソン(24μg/kg)からなる解毒剤を実験動物にs.c.(皮下)投与した。ELISA試験のための血液は、へパリン処置した1.3mmキャピラリー(Marienfeld社)を用いて、眼球後方静脈の穿刺によって、様々なときに得た。
25μgのRFP mRNAを、Megafectin(MPバイオメディカルヨーロッパ)とmRNAの脂質に対する比率0.25でin vivoで混合し、製造者の推奨に従ってEnhancer−3を添加した。注射複合物の完全性および粒子サイズは、Zeta−PALS/zeta potential analyzer(Brookhaven Instrument社)を用いて動的光散乱(DLS)で決定した。マウスを固定器に置いて、27ゲージ針および1mLシリンジを用いて、100μLのmRNA/megafectin溶液(5μgのmRNAに相当)を30秒間以内に尾静脈へ注射した。
BALB/cマウスおよびSP−B−/−マウスを、(14)に記載されたように麻酔し、プレートシステム(Halowell EMC)上に固定して、上側の歯を45°の角度にした。咽頭を最適に照らすために、改良冷光オトスコープBeta 200(Heine Optotechnik社)を用いた。小型のスパチュラでマウスの下あごを開けて、尖っていない鉗子を用いて舌を横へよけて中咽頭を最大に露出させた。FMJ−250型高圧シリンジに接続した1A−1C型ミクロ噴霧機(両方ともPennCentury社から入手)を気管内に挿入し、25μLのフロリナートFC−77(シグマ社)および25μLのルシフェラーゼmRNA溶液(10μg)または50μLのSP−B mRNA溶液(20μg)をうまく投与した。5秒後にミクロ噴霧機を引き抜き、5分後にはマウスを支持台から外した。
上に記載したように、ホモ接合型SP−B−/−マウス±ドキシサイクリン±修飾mRNAを麻酔した。自発呼吸を予防するため、臭化ベクロニウム(0.1mg/kg)を腹腔内に注射した。(22)に記載されるように、肺機能測定を行った。簡単に言うと、尖っていないスチールカニューレ(外径1mm)を気管切開術で気管内へ挿入した。ピストンポンプレスピレーターがレスピレーターとしても測定装置としても役立った(flexiVent、SAV)。周期的な換気の間、レスピレーターは、制御した容積および圧力の制限換気(Vt=10μL/g、Pmax=30cmH2O、2.5HzでのPEEP2〜3cmH2O、100%酸素)に設定した。用いたVtは、ドキシサイクリンを投与していた動物1匹あたり8.4±1.4μL/gであり、ドキシサイクリンおよびmRNA(N.S.)を投与していた動物1匹あたり8.9±0.4μL/gであった。標準換気量履歴を作成するために、1秒間に2回の15μL/gの送気の後、5分間隔で呼吸器系の動的機械的特性および肺エントリーインピーダンスを測定した。振動測定のために、PEEPレベルで換気を停止した。8秒の疑似ランダム振動シグナルで構成される強制振動(FOT)により呼吸器系のインピーダンス(Zrs)を決定するために、3mL/gの振幅を用いた。強制シグナルは1.75〜19.6Hzの間の振動数を有していた(23、24)。データは、256Hzで収集し、66%オーバーラップを有する4秒のウインドウで分析した。肺インピーダンスデータは、周波数領域内で呼吸器系の抵抗(実数部)および反応性(虚数部)として表された。Hantonsら(25)によって提案されたように、肺の定位相モデルを用いて肺インピーダンスデータ(Zrs)を再分割した。このモデルでは、Zrsが、次の方程式に従って、呼吸抵抗(Rn)、気道慣性(慣性)、組織弾性(HL)および組織減衰(GL)で構成される:
Zrs = Raw + jωlaw + (GL−jHL)/ωα
(式中、ωは角周波数であり、ωはZrsの周波数依存である(ω=(2/ωtan−1(1/ω))) )。肺ヒステリシス性(hsterisivity)(eta=GL/HL)は、組織減衰および組織弾性の両方が含まれる肺組織組成の尺度である(26、27)。各測定について、定位相モデルを適合について自動的に試験した。適合の質は測定の干渉性(COD)として表され、CODが0.85未満の場合にデータは拒否される。
Bio−Rasタンパク質アッセイキット(バイオ・ラッド社)で、気管支肺胞洗浄上清の総タンパク質含量を測定した。NOVEX Xcell IIミニセルシステム(Novex社)を用いてNuPage10%ビス-トリスゲル上で非還元条件下10μgの総タンパク質を分離した。電気泳動の後、タンパク質をNuPageブロットモジュール(Novex社)でPVDFメンブレン(イモビロンP)上に移した。SP−B(c329、Altana AG社のW.Steinhilber博士より供与)に対して検出されたポリクローナルウサギ抗血清でサーファクタントタンパク質B(SP−B)を検出し、次に西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼコンジュゲートポリクロナルヤギ抗ウサギ抗IgG(1:10,000、Dianova社)で改良化学発光試験(アマシャムバイオサイエンス社)を行った。これらの条件下で、この試験は1気道あたり約2.5ngのSP−Bを検出できた(28)。化学発光検出システムとして、AdinaイメージアナライザーでDIANA III dev.1.0.54(Ray test Isotopenmessageraete GmbH)を用い、データはQuantity One 4.6.7(バイオ・ラッド社)で定量的に評価した。
固定(3%パラホルムアルデヒド)してパラフィンワックス中に包埋した切片に、製造者(Abcam社、www.abcam.com/technica)に推奨される通りに、免疫組織化学検査を行った。スライドを、抗ヒト抗マウスSP−B抗体およびテキサスレッドコンジュゲート抗ウサギIgG抗体(両方ともAbcam社から入手、1:500)と共にインキュベーションして、DAPIで対比染色した。Zeiss Axiovert 135により蛍光像を得た。
複数群の間のmRNA発現の差は、REST2005ソフトウエアを用いてペアワイズ固定再分配無作為化検定(pairwise fixed reallocation randomization test)によって分析した(29)。生物発光の減衰の半減期は、Prism 5.0で算出した。他の分析は全て、SPSS 15(SPSS社)でウィルコクソン-マン-ホイットニー検定を用いて行った。データは、平均値±SEM(平均値の標準偏差)または中央値±IQR(四分位範囲)として示し、P<0.05(両側)を統計的有意とみなした。
Claims (30)
- タンパク質またはタンパク質断片をコードする配列を有するポリリボヌクレオチドであって、未修飾ヌクレオチドと修飾ヌクレオチドの組み合わせを含有し、ウリジンヌクレオチドの5〜50%およびシチジンヌクレオチドの5〜50%がそれぞれ修飾ウリジンヌクレオチドおよび修飾シチジンヌクレオチドである、ポリリボヌクレオチド。
- ヌクレオチドATP、GTP、CTPおよびUTPのヌクレオチド混合物から得ることができ、シチジンヌクレオチドの5%〜50%およびウリジンヌクレオチドの5%〜50%が修飾されている、タンパク質またはタンパク質断片をコードする配列を有するポリリボヌクレオチド。
- ポリリボヌクレオチドがmRNAであることを特徴とする、請求項1または2記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- mRNAが生体外(in vitro)で転写されたmRNA(IVT mRNA)であることを特徴とする、請求項3記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- 前記RNAが、その欠陥または不足が疾患を引き起こし、病気を緩和、予防もしくは治療することができる、または有益なもしくは必要な機能に貢献することができる、タンパク質またはタンパク質断片をコードすることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- 15%〜30%、好ましくは7.5%〜25%のウリジンヌクレオシド、および15%〜30%、好ましくは7.5%〜25%のシチジンヌクレオシドが修飾されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- 少なくとも2種類の修飾ウリジンヌクレオシドおよび/または少なくとも2種類の修飾シチジンヌクレオシドを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- 少なくとも1種の修飾ウリジンヌクレオシドおよび/またはシチジンヌクレオシドが、1つ以上の機能運搬体の付着のための官能基を修飾として有することを特徴とする、請求項7記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- 修飾ウリジンが、2−チオウリジン、5−メチルウリジン、偽ウリジン、5−メチルウリジン5’−三リン酸(m5U)、5−ヨードウリジン5’−三リン酸(I5U)、4−チオウリジン5’−三リン酸(S4U)、5−ブロモウリジン5’−三リン酸(Br5U)、2’−メチル−2’−デオキシウリジン5’−三リン酸(U2’m)、2’−アミノ−2’−デオキシウリジン5’−三リン酸(U2’NH2)、2’−アジド−2’−デオキシウリジン5’−三リン酸(U2’N3)および2’−フルオロ−2’−デオキシウリジン5’−三リン酸(U2’F)から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- 修飾シチジンが、5−メチルシチジン、3−メチルシチジン、2−チオシチジン、2’−メチル−2’−デオキシシチジン5’−三リン酸(C2'm)、2’−アミノ−2’−デオキシシチジン5’−三リン酸(C2'NH2)、2’−フルオロ−2’−デオキシシチジン5’−三リン酸(C2'F)、5−ヨードシチジン5’−三リン酸(I5U)、5−ブロモシチジン5'−三リン酸(Br5U)および2’−アジド−2’−デオキシシチジン5’−三リン酸(C2'N3)から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- m7GpppGキャップおよび/または少なくとも1つのIRESおよび/またはポリA尾部を5’末端に有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- 転写置換療法の使用のための請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- 一般的な状況または特異的な状況において、身体に有益且つ支援的な少なくとも1つの因子をコードするmRNA配列を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- 増殖因子、血管形成因子、刺激物質、誘導物質、酵素または他の生物学的活性分子をコードするRNAを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- サーファクタントタンパク質B(SP−B)、EPO、ABCA3、BMP−2またはそれらの断片をコードするmRNA配列を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- 新生児における呼吸窮迫症候群の治療に使用するための、SP−Bをコードする配列を含む請求項13記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- EPO欠損症の治療に使用するための、EPOをコードする配列を含む、請求項13記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- インプラントのコーティングに使用するための、増殖因子、血管形成因子、刺激物質、誘導物質または酵素をコードする少なくとも1つの配列を含む、請求項13記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- 標的細胞内で発現されない内因性マイクロRNAの少なくとも1つの標的配列またはターゲティング配列をさらに含む、請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- 機能運搬体が、標的配列、PEG群および/またはターゲティングリガンドである、請求項8記載のポリリボヌクレオチド。
- 薬剤として許容される添加剤と一緒に、請求項1〜20のいずれか1項に記載のRNAを少なくとも1つ含有する、薬剤組成物。
- 気管内投与用および/もしくは経肺投与用の形態またはインプラントへの塗布用形態である、請求項21記載の薬剤組成物。
- RNA含有組成物の投与前または投与の間に投与するための少なくとも1つのパーフルオロカーボンを付加的に含む、請求項22記載の薬剤組成物。
- パーフルオロカーボンおよびs2U(0.25)m5C(0.25) SP−B mRNAを含有する、請求項23記載の薬剤組成物。
- 担体としての遅延放出ポリマーに含まれる請求項1〜20のいずれか1項に記載の修飾RNAのコーティングを有する、インプラント。
- 歯のインプラント、股関節内部プロテーゼ、膝関節内部プロテーゼまたは脊椎椎体固定物である、請求項25記載のインプラント。
- 担体ポリマーが少なくとも1種の修飾RNAを含有する、請求項25または26記載のインプラント。
- 担体ポリマーが、埋め込み術に関連して有益な少なくとも1つのタンパク質をコードするRNAを含有する、請求項25〜27のいずれか1項に記載のインプラント。
- 担体ポリマーが、1以上の増殖因子および1以上の血管形成因子をコードするRNAを含有する、請求項25〜28のいずれか1項に記載のインプラント。
- TLR3、TLR3、TLR8およびヘリカーゼRIG−1から選択される少なくとも1つのレセプターとRNA配列を接触させて、その結合能力を測定する、免疫原性および発現品質を試験するためのヌクレオチド配列のスクリーニング方法。
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