JP2013150876A - 軟組織を同時に画像化しながら等角放射線治療を送達するためのシステム - Google Patents
軟組織を同時に画像化しながら等角放射線治療を送達するためのシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013150876A JP2013150876A JP2013099232A JP2013099232A JP2013150876A JP 2013150876 A JP2013150876 A JP 2013150876A JP 2013099232 A JP2013099232 A JP 2013099232A JP 2013099232 A JP2013099232 A JP 2013099232A JP 2013150876 A JP2013150876 A JP 2013150876A
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- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】本発明は、オープンMRI(0015)、マルチリーフ・コリメータ(125)または補償フィルタをベースとするIMRT(020)投与、およびコバルト遠隔治療の技術を、位置合わせされてガントリー(025)へと取り付けられた単一のシステムへと組み合わせている。
【選択図】図1
Description
本願は、2004年2月20日に出願された、米国仮特許出願番号60/546,670に対する優先権を主張する。
適用なし。
本発明は、放射線治療のシステムおよび方法に関し、さらに詳しくは、数日または数週間の経過にわたるいくつかの部分において、患者へと投与される実際の電離放射線量を割り出すことができ、器官の運動または患者の形状の変化によって生じる処置の投与の誤差を補償すべく治療を調節できるよう、放射線治療の際に患者へと線量が投与される瞬間において、患者の体構造を迅速かつ繰り返し画像化するための放射線治療システムおよび方法に関する。さらに、本発明において使用される磁気共鳴画像化法は、既存のX線コンピュータ断層撮影(CT)画像化に比べて軟組織のコントラストを改善し、代謝および生理に関するさらなる情報を提供して、対象の描写を改善し、治療に対する患者または疾病の応答の監視を可能にすることができる。
がんおよび冠動脈再狭窄など、増殖性の組織異常によって引き起こされる疾病の放射線による治療においては、患者において疾病を含んでいることが分かっている部分、あるいは疾病を含んでいると考えられる部位が、照射される。この目的のため、放射線治療計画システムが使用され、まずは疾病部位および周囲の領域について計画用の画像が取得される。
本発明は、電離放射線治療用ビームを生成するための少なくとも1つ、おそらくはより多くの放射性同位体源、前記治療用ビームによってIMRTを実行するための少なくとも1つ、おそらくはより多くのMLCまたは減衰器システム、目標領域および周囲の健康な組織または重要構造を前記電離放射線の投与の最中に同時に画像化する磁気共鳴画像化(MRI)システム、および/またはすべての構成要素に伝達可能に接続されたコントローラを含んでいる放射線治療システムを提供する。MRIからもたらされた画像データが、実際に投与された電離放射線の線量の定量的評価を可能にするとともに、IMRTによって投与される電離放射線を目標領域へとより正確に案内するため、処置の投与の再最適化または再計画を可能にする。以下では、本発明の有益な実施形態を説明する。この有益な実施形態においては、オープンMRIの主磁石ヘルムホルツ・コイル対が、分割ソレノイドとして設計され、磁石の中央の円筒形の穴を通って患者カウチが走行し、IMRTユニットが、2つのソレノイド部分の間のすき間を通って患者に照準する(図1〜図4)。この実施形態においては、分割ソレノイドMRI(015)が静止したままである一方で、マルチリーフ・コリメータIMRTユニット(020)を備え、遮蔽され、位置合わせされている同位体放射源が、ガントリー(025)上でカウチを中心にして軸回転する(有益には、2つより多くの(020)を使用することができる)。患者(035)は、同時の画像化および処置のために患者カウチ(030)上に配置される。マルチリーフ・コリメータを備え、位置合わせされている同位体放射源(020)は、固定の主コリメータ(120)、二次二重ダイバージェント・マルチリーフ・コリメータ(125)、および二次マルチリーフ・コリメータ(125)からのリーフ間の漏れを遮断するための三次マルチリーフ・コリメータ(130)で視準される放射性同位体源(115)を含んでいる(図5〜図7)。
例えば、本発明は以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
・1つ以上の放射性同位体源から電離放射線を投与するための装置、
・磁気共鳴画像化システム、および
・前記電離放射線の投与と実質的に同時に画像を取得できるよう、前記電離放射線を投与するための装置および前記磁気共鳴画像化システムに接続されたコントローラを有している放射線治療システム。
(項目2)
前記磁気共鳴画像化システムが、磁気共鳴画像化データが前記電離放射線の投与と実質的に同時にトレーサの摂取の領域を特定するように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目3)
前記磁気共鳴画像化システムが、磁気共鳴画像化データが前記電離放射線の投与と実質的に同時にコントラスト強調の領域を特定するように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目4)
前記磁気共鳴画像化システムが、前記電離放射線の投与と実質的に同時に分光学的情報を取得するように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目5)
前記磁気共鳴画像化システムが、前記電離放射線の投与と実質的に同時に代謝の情報または生理学的情報を取得するように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目6)
前記磁気共鳴画像化システムが、前記電離放射線の投与と実質的に同時に磁気共鳴血管造影データ、リンパ管造影データ、または両者が取得されるように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目7)
前記磁気共鳴画像化システムが、取得した磁気共鳴画像化データを被験体の治療への応答を前記電離放射線の投与と実質的に同時に監視するために使用するように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目8)
前記磁気共鳴画像化システムが、照射の最中の体構造および放射線治療ターゲットの動きを追跡するため、前記電離放射線の投与と実質的に同時に取得した磁気共鳴画像化データについて、変形可能画像の位置合わせ法の使用を可能にするように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目9)
前記磁気共鳴画像化システムが、照射の最中に動きの存在下での被験体への線量を割り出すため、前記電離放射線の投与と実質的に同時に取得した磁気共鳴画像化データについて、線量計算の方法の使用を可能にするように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目10)
前記磁気共鳴画像化システムが、照射の最中に動きの存在下での被験体への線量を割り出すため、前記電離放射線の投与と実質的に同時に取得した磁気共鳴画像化データについて、変形可能画像の位置合わせ法および線量計算の方法の使用を可能にするように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目11)
前記磁気共鳴画像化システムが、被験体のIMRT処置を再最適化するため、前記電離放射線の投与と実質的に同時に取得した磁気共鳴画像化データについて、変形可能画像の位置合わせ法、線量計算の方法、およびIMRT最適化の方法の使用を可能にするように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目12)
前記磁気共鳴画像化システムが、生体内温度測定法を実行するために、前記電離放射線の投与と実質的に同時に取得した磁気共鳴画像化データを使用するように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目13)
実質的に同時の画像の案内のもとで除去的治療(ablative therapy)を実行するように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目14)
実質的に同時の画像の案内のもとで増殖性組織を抑制するように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目15)
実質的に同時の画像の案内のもとで血管の増殖性組織を抑制するように構成および配置されている項目14に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目16)
前記放射線の1つ以上の放射性同位体源が、1つ以上のマルチリーフ・コリメータ強度変調放射線投与システムに組み合わせられている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目17)
前記1つ以上のマルチリーフ・コリメータ強度変調放射線投与システムが、リーフ間の漏れを遮断し、閉じられたときに放射源の放射を完全に遮断することができるように構成および配置された個々のリーフを使用する二重ダイバージェント・マルチリーフ・コリメータ・システムを有している項目16に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目18)
磁気共鳴画像化データから割り出された投与線量を、被験体の強度変調放射線治療を再最適化するために使用するように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目19)
前記磁気共鳴画像化システムが、磁気共鳴画像化データが前記電離放射線の投与と実質的に同時にトレーサの摂取の領域を特定するように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目20)
前記磁気共鳴画像化システムが、
・高い診断用品質の磁気共鳴画像化が、治療の開始前、治療の開始後、または両者において実行され、かつ
・低い品質の磁気共鳴画像化システムが、体構造およびターゲットの追跡のために、前記電離放射線を投与するための装置からの実質的に同時の電離放射線の投与の最中に実行される
ように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目21)
前記磁気共鳴画像化システムが、
・高い分解能の磁気共鳴画像化が、治療の開始前、治療の開始後、または両者において、データ空間サンプリング・パターンを取得するために使用され、かつ
・低い分解能の磁気共鳴画像化が、実質的に同時の電離放射線の投与の最中の器官の運動を捉えるべくデータ空間サンプリング・パターンbを取得するために使用される
ように構成および配置されている項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目22)
・強磁界の送出システムが、治療の開始前に実行される診断用の磁気共鳴画像化の品質を改善すべく構成および配置され、かつ
・低磁界の送出システムが、体構造およびターゲットの追跡の目的のために実質的に同時の電離放射線の投与の最中に画像が取得されるときに、磁気共鳴画像化の空間的完全性を向上させるとともに、投与される線量の分布の乱れを少なくするように構成および配置されている
項目1に記載の放射線治療システム。
(項目23)
前記1つ以上の放射性同位体源から電離放射線を投与するための装置が、陽子ビーム、重イオンビーム、中性子源ビーム、またはこれらの組み合わせから選択される治療用ビームによって増強されている項目1に記載の方法。
(項目24)
・陽子ビーム、重イオンビーム、中性子源ビーム、またはこれらの組み合わせから選択される1つ以上の治療用ビームから電離放射線を投与するための装置、
・磁気共鳴画像化システム、および
・前記電離放射線の投与と実質的に同時に画像を取得できるよう、前記電離放射線を投与するための装置および前記磁気共鳴画像化システムに接続されたコントローラ
を有している放射線治療システム。
本発明を、多数の変更および変種が当業者にとって明らかであるがためにあくまで例示を意図するものである以下の実施例において、さらに詳しく説明する。本明細書および特許請求の範囲において使用されるとき、単数形「a」、「an」、および「the」は、そのようでないことが文脈から明らかでない限り、複数への言及を含んでもよい。同様に、本明細書および特許請求の範囲において使用されるとき、用語「・・・からなる(comprising)」は、「・・・で構成される」実施形態、および「・・・で基本的に構成される」実施形態を含み得る。
Claims (22)
- 放射線治療システムであって、前記放射線治療システムは、
被験体の外部の1つ以上の放射線源から、前記被験体に電離放射線を送達するように構成された照射デバイスと、
フラクション内の器官の運動を捕捉するために、十分に速く前記被験体の一連の3D画像を取得するように構成された磁気共鳴画像化システムと、
前記照射デバイスおよび前記磁気共鳴画像化システムと通信しているコントローラであって、それにより、前記コントローラは、
a)前記被験体に電離放射線を送達するために、前記照射デバイスを制御することと、
b)前記被験体の3D画像を取得するために、前記磁気共鳴画像化システムを制御することと
を実質的に同時に行うことが可能である、コントローラと、
前記3D画像および前記送達された電離放射線から、前記被験体における実際の線量の堆積を決定するように構成されたプロセッサと
を含む、放射線治療システム。 - 前記コントローラは、前記決定された実際の線量の堆積に基づいて、前記電離放射線の送達を再最適化するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記コントローラは、前記実際の線量の堆積が線量測定の誤差を証明する場合、前記電離放射線の送達を停止するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の放射線治療システム。
- フラクション内の器官の運動を補償するために、前記電離放射線の送達を迅速に調節するように構成されたマルチリーフ・コリメータをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記システムは、前記実際の線量の堆積が被験体に対して強度変調放射線処置を再最適化するように使用されるように構成および配置されている、請求項1に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記磁気共鳴画像化システムは、前記電離放射線の送達と実質的に同時に代謝または生理学的情報を取得するように構成および配置されている、請求項1に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記磁気共鳴画像化システムは、前記電離放射線の送達と実質的に同時に磁気共鳴血管造影データ、リンパ管造影データ、または両者が取得されるように構成および配置されている、請求項1に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記磁気共鳴画像化システムは、磁気共鳴画像化データが前記電離放射線の送達と実質的に同時にトレーサの摂取の領域を識別するように構成および配置されている、請求項1に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記磁気共鳴画像化システムは、前記電離放射線の送達と実質的に同時に前記被験体の治療への応答を監視するために取得される前記磁気共鳴画像化データを使用するように構成および配置されている、請求項1に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記磁気共鳴画像化システムは、照射の間の解剖学的構造および放射線治療ターゲットの動きを追跡するために、前記電離放射線の送達と実質的に同時に取得される前記磁気共鳴画像化データについて、変形可能画像の位置合わせ法の使用を可能にするように構成および配置されている、請求項1に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記磁気共鳴画像化システムは、照射の間に動きの存在下で、前記被験体への線量を決定するために、前記電離放射線の送達と実質的に同時に取得される前記磁気共鳴画像化データについて、変形可能画像の位置合わせ法および線量計算の方法の使用を可能にするように構成および配置されている、請求項1に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記磁気共鳴画像化システムは、被験体の強度変調放射線治療処置を再最適化するために、前記電離放射線の送達と実質的に同時に取得される前記磁気共鳴画像化データについて、変形可能画像の位置合わせ法、線量計算の方法および強度変調放射線治療最適化の方法の使用を可能にするように構成および配置されている、請求項1に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記磁気共鳴画像化システムは、生体内温度測定法を実行するために、前記電離放射線の送達と実質的に同時に取得される前記磁気共鳴画像化データを使用するように構成および配置されている、請求項1に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記システムは、実質的に同時に行われる画像案内の下で、除去的治療を実行することを行うように構成および配置されている、請求項1に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記磁気共鳴画像化システムによって生成された磁気共鳴画像化磁場は、前記照射デバイスの放射線ビームと実質的に直交している、請求項1に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 放射線治療システムであって、前記放射線治療システムは、
被験体の外部の1つ以上の放射線源から、治療されるエリアに電離放射線を送達するように構成された照射デバイスと、
フラクション内の器官の運動を捕捉するために、十分に速く前記治療されるエリアの一連の画像を取得するように構成された磁気共鳴画像化システムと、
前記照射デバイスおよび前記磁気共鳴画像化システムと通信しているコントローラであって、それにより、前記コントローラは、
a)前記治療されるエリアに電離放射線を送達するために、前記照射デバイスを制御することと、
b)前記治療されるエリアの画像を取得するために、前記磁気共鳴画像化システムを制御することと
を実質的に同時に行うことが可能である、コントローラと
を含み、
前記コントローラは、前記治療されるエリアの位置の変化に基づいて、前記電離放射線の送達を調節するように構成されている、放射線治療システム。 - 前記電離放射線の送達の調節は、前記電離放射線の送達の停止である、請求項16に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記磁気共鳴画像化システムは、前記治療されるエリアの動きを追跡するために、前記電離放射線の送達と実質的に同時に取得される前記磁気共鳴画像化データについて、変形可能画像の位置合わせ法の使用を可能にするように構成されている、請求項16に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記磁気共鳴画像化システムは、照射の間に動きの存在下で、前記治療されるエリアへの線量を決定するために、前記取得された磁気共鳴画像化データおよび前記送達された電離放射線について、変形可能画像の位置合わせ法および線量計算の方法の使用を可能にするように構成されている、請求項16に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記取得された一連の画像は、2D画像である、請求項16に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記取得された一連の画像は、3D画像である、請求項16に記載の放射線治療システム。
- 前記コントローラは、3D画像から抽出された2D画像に基づいて、前記電離放射線の送達を調節するように構成されている、請求項20に記載の放射線治療システム。
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