JP2012016748A - 鉛フリーはんだ接続構造体およびはんだボール - Google Patents
鉛フリーはんだ接続構造体およびはんだボール Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2012016748A JP2012016748A JP2011178539A JP2011178539A JP2012016748A JP 2012016748 A JP2012016748 A JP 2012016748A JP 2011178539 A JP2011178539 A JP 2011178539A JP 2011178539 A JP2011178539 A JP 2011178539A JP 2012016748 A JP2012016748 A JP 2012016748A
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- Prior art keywords
- solder
- lead
- chip
- flip
- mass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 188
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 44
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910020816 Sn Pb Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910020922 Sn-Pb Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910008783 Sn—Pb Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910020938 Sn-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910008937 Sn—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910003306 Ni3Sn4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910020994 Sn-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910009069 Sn—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910020830 Sn-Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910018728 Sn—Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910018956 Sn—In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910008996 Sn—Ni—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910020935 Sn-Sb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910008757 Sn—Sb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910009071 Sn—Zn—Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 FR-4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000025599 Heat Stress disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910018731 Sn—Au Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000833 kovar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/10—Bump connectors ; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/11—Manufacturing methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/262—Sn as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/268—Pb as the principal constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
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Abstract
【解決手段】鉛フリーはんだを用いた半導体パッケージ内のフリップチップ接続構造体として、Ni0.01〜0.5質量%、Cuを0.3〜0.9質量%、残部Snからなることを特徴とする鉛フリーはんだフリップチップ接続構造体を用いる。このはんだ組成に、Pを0.001〜0.01質量%添加しても良い。
【選択図】なし
Description
FBGAは、PBGAやTBGAがシリコンチップの上側から配線するのに対して、シリコンチップ下の電極にはんだバンプを設けて、絶縁基板上に設けられた予備はんだと圧着接合を行うことによって製造される。PBGAやTBGAなどのように配線をシリコンチップ横に引き出すことがないので、シリコンチップのサイズに近い半導体パッケージを得ることができる。
次に、Sn-ZnおよびSn-Zn-Bi組成であるが、これらSn-Zn組成のはんだ合金はZnの酸化被膜が厚く、ぬれ性が悪いのが特徴である。そのためSn-Zn組成のはんだを用いるには、強いフラックスを使用する必要がある。フリップチップのバンプ形成後は、アンダーフィルを流し込むためにフラックスの洗浄を行うが、フリップチップの内部は微細なため100%完全に洗浄することは不可能である。そのために、半導体パッケージ内のフリップチップのはんだとして、フラックスを使用するSn-Zn組成のはんだ合金を用いることは、半導体パッケージの信頼性を低下させることになってしまう。
Snは、単体では溶融温度が232℃の金属であり、一般的に半導体パッケージとプリント基板をはんだ付けするSn-3Ag-0.5Cu鉛フリーはんだの溶融温度(220℃)はより低い。しかし、Sn単体では温度サイクルなどの信頼性が低く、ぬれ性も悪いので、半導体パッケージ内のフリップチップのはんだとしては適さないが、Snに微量のNiを添加することによって、温度サイクルなどの信頼性も高くなり、ぬれ性も良くなる。
Snに添加するNiの量は、0.01〜0.5質量%が適している。Niの量が0.01質量%より少ないと金属間化合物の抑制効果が現れず、Niの量が0.5質量%より多いとSn-Niのはんだ合金自体が硬くなってしまうので、はんだの応力緩和効果が現れず、はんだ部分にクラックを発生してしまう。
Pと同じ一般実装のSn-3Ag-0.5Cu鉛フリーはんだの酸化抑制元素として用いられるGeでは、Pと同様の効果は得られない。Sn-NiはんだおよびSn-Ni-CuはんだへのGeの添加は、少量で液相線温度を上昇させ、はんだ付け温度が高くなり金属間化合物の増大やCu食われをもたらす。
2 フリップチップ用の微細はんだボール
3 絶縁基板(FR-4)
4 ステフナー
5 外部端子用のはんだボール
チップサイズが大きいフリップチップ接続構造体では、ソルダペーストによる供給が一般的であるが、CSPのような小型のチップサイズのフリップチップ接続構造体では電極のサイズも微細であり、ソルダペーストではフリップチップのバンプの高さが稼げないために、微細サイズのフリップチップの接合には適さない。それに対してはんだボールでの供給は、はんだボールの高さは一定であるのでスタンドオフを一定にでき、バンプを高くすることができる利点がある。このように、フリップチップの内部電極構造に用いるはんだは、はんだボールでの供給が適している。シリコンチップの電極が直径0.3mm以下のときははんだボールの使用が適しており、より好ましくは直径0.1mm以下の電極のときである。この場合のフリップチップの内部電極構造に用いるはんだは、直径0.3mm以下のはんだボール、より好ましくは直径0.1mm以下のはんだボールを用いる。
したがって、本特許出願の第二の発明は、はんだボールの粒径が0.3mm以下であり、Ni0.01〜0.5質量%、残部Snの鉛フリーはんだ組成からなることを特徴とするフリップチップ用はんだボールである。
1.チップサイズが12mm×12mm×0.2mmであり、シリコンチップのAl電極上にNi下地のAuめっきが処理されている電極の直径が80μmで、ピッチが150μmのシリコンチップ上に、水溶性フラックスを全面に印刷する。
2.はんだボール搭載用のメタルマスク上に投入したはんだボールをポリウレタンスキージを用いて掃き出して、フラックスを塗布した四角のシリコンチップの電極の位置の上のみに搭載する。
3.プリヒートは、150℃、30秒、本加熱のピーク温度260℃、10秒の条件でリフローはんだ付けを行う。はんだ付け後にフラックス残渣を40℃のイオン交換水を用いて洗浄、除去後、乾燥してシリコンチップにフリップチップのはんだバンプを形成する。
4.サイズが20mm×50mm×1.0mmのNiめっき下地のAuめっき処理ガラスエポキシ基板(FR-4)に水溶性フラックスをメタルマスクを用いて印刷、塗布する。
5.フラックスを塗布したガラスエポキシ基板上に、フリップチップのはんだバンプが形成されたシリコンチップを載せ、フリップチップボンダーを用いて電極の位置合わせをしながら、フリップチップのはんだバンプとガラスエポキシ基板を熱圧着を行い仮固定する。
6.プリヒートは、150℃、30秒、本加熱のピーク温度260℃、10秒の条件でリフローはんだ付けを行う。はんだ付け後にフラックス残渣をフリップチップ洗浄機を用いて、40℃のイオン交換水で洗浄、フラックス残渣を除去後、乾燥を行い、本発明の鉛フリーはんだフリップチップ接続構造体が完成する。
この後のFBGAの工程としては、
7.エポキシ系のアンダーフィル接着剤をフリップチップ接続構造体内に充填して、硬化させる。
8.コバール材などでできたリッドを半導体パッケージのキャップとして被せ、Sn-Auはんだなどを用いて封止する。ガラスエポキシ基板の外部電極にはんだボールを用いて、はんだバンプを形成する。この工程が終了後、半導体として販売する。
この部分で使用する外部電極に用いるはんだボールは、本発明に用いるフリップチップ用のはんだボールより、遙かに大きいサイズ(0.25mm〜0.76mm前後)のはんだボールが用いられる。
それに対して、インナーバンプに使用されるはんだボールは、シリコンウエハーと基板に挟まれて使用されるため直接外部から力が加わらないので、はんだ合金のバルク強度やシェアー強度などは重要な要素ではない。むしろはんだ合金自体の応力緩和特性が重要である。はんだ合金の応力緩和特性を比較するには、リフロー加熱後のソリを比較すれば良い。
液相線温度の測定は、示差走査熱量計(DSC)を用いた。結果を表1に示す。
鉛フリーはんだフリップチップ接続構造体を液相線温度+30℃のリフロー温度でリフローして、リフロー加熱後のシリコンチップのソリを測定した。ソリの測定方法は、実装のSiチップの中央部とチップの4コーナーの高さを測定し、ソリ量を計測する。ソリ量は200μm以下が好ましく、更に150μm以下が良い。結果を表1に示す。
次に、0.5umの電解Niメッキ施したCu板を280℃のはんだ浴に180sec浸漬しその後、Niメッキが破れていないかをSEM断面観察で合計30〜40mmの長さの界面で確認し、一部でもNiメッキ膜が破れ、CuとSnが直接反応しているものを不合格×とし、全面で、Niメッキが残存し、CuとSnが直接反応していないものと合格○とした。 実験結果を表1に示す。
表1の結果から解ることは、本願発明の鉛フリーはんだフリップチップ接続構造体の液相線温度が低く、またシリコンチップのソリによる歪みが小さく、Niに対する食われの特性も良好な事から、充分な信頼性を有していると考えられる。それに対して、比較例の鉛フリーはんだフリップチップ接続構造体は、液相線温度が高く、シリコンチップのソリによる歪みが大きく、信頼性が不足していることが解る。
Claims (6)
- シリコンチップと絶縁基板とを備え、インナーバンプを介して該シリコンチップのNiめっき電極が絶縁基板に鉛フリーはんだで接続された、フリップチップ接続構造体において、該鉛フリーはんだが、Ni 0.01〜0.5質量%、Cu0.3〜0.9質量%、残部Snからなるはんだ合金から構成されていることを特徴とするフリップチップ接続構造体。
- 前記はんだ合金が、さらに、Pを0.001〜0.01質量%を含有することを特徴とする請求項1記戟の鉛フリーはんだフリップチップ接続構造体。
- シリコンチップと絶縁基板とを備え、鉛フリーはんだのはんだボールによって形成されたインナーバンプを介して該シリコンチップのNiめっき電極が絶縁基板に鉛フリーはんだで接続された、フリップチップ接続構造体に用いられるインナーバンプ用のはんだボールであって、はんだ径が0.3mm以下であり、Ni 0.01〜0.5質量%、Cuを0.3〜0.9質量%、残部Snの鉛フリーはんだ組成からなることを特徴とするフリップチップ構造体のインナーバンプ用はんだボール。
- 前記鉛フリーはんだ組成がNi 0.02〜0.05質量%、Cuを0.3〜0.9質量%、残部Snからなることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のフリップチップ構造体のインナーバンプ用はんだボール。
- 前記鉛フリーはんだ組成が、さらに、Pを0.001〜0.01質量%を含有したことを特徴とする請求項3または請求項4に記載のフリップチップ構造体のインナーバンプ用はんだボール。
- 前記鉛フリーはんだ組成を有するはんだ合金の液相線温度が245℃以下であることを特徴とする請求項3ないし請求項5のいずれかに記載のフリップチップ構造体のインナーバンプ用はんだボール。
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EP2903022A3 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
CN102017111A (zh) | 2011-04-13 |
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JPWO2009110458A1 (ja) | 2011-07-14 |
JP5422826B2 (ja) | 2014-02-19 |
KR20110010695A (ko) | 2011-02-07 |
KR101279291B1 (ko) | 2013-06-26 |
JP4899115B2 (ja) | 2012-03-21 |
EP2261964A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
CN102017111B (zh) | 2013-01-16 |
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US20110115084A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
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