JP2010178347A - 高速媒体アクセス制御 - Google Patents
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Abstract
【解決手段】一態様では、データ伝送構造は統合されたポーリングおよび統合されたポーリングに従って送信される1つ以上のフレームを含む。他の態様では、時分割デュープレックス化(TDD)データ伝送構造はパイロット、統合されたポーリング、および統合されたポーリングに従って遠隔局フレームへの0以上のアクセス・ポイントを含む。一態様では、フレームはフレーム間間隔のないまたは実質的に縮小されたフレーム間間隔で連続して送信される。他の態様では、保護フレーム間間隔が異なる源から、あるいは実質的に異なる電力レベルで送信されたフレーム間で導入されてもよい。他の態様では、単一のプリアンブルが1つ以上のフレームと関連して送信される。他の態様では、ブロック肯定応答が1つ以上の連続するフレームの伝送の後に続いて送信される。
【選択図】図13
Description
本特許出願は以下の米国仮特許出願に対して優先権を主張する:
2003年10月15日出願の仮出願番号60/511,750 “Method and Apparatus for Providing Interoperability and Backward Compatibility in Wireless Communication Systems”(無線通信システムにおける相互運用性と後方互換性を提供するための方法と機器)、2003年10月15日出願の仮出願番号60/511,904 “Method, Apparatus, and System for Medium Access Control in a High Performance Wireless LAN Environment” (高性能無線LAN環境における媒体アクセス制御のための方法、機器、およびシステム)、2003年10月21日出願の仮出願番号60/513,239 “Peer-to-Peer Connections in MIMO WLAN System”(MIMO WLANシステムにおけるピアツーピア接続)、2003年12月1日出願の仮出願番号60/526,347 “Method, Apparatus, and System for Sub-Network Protocol Stack for Very High Speed Wireless LAN”(超高速無線LAN用サブネットワークプロトコルスタックのための方法、機器、およびシステム)、2003年12月1日出願の仮出願番号60/526,356 “Method, Apparatus, and System for Multiplexing Protocol data Units in a High Performance Wireless LAN Environment”(高性能無線LAN環境における多重化プロトコルデータユニットのための方法、機器、およびシステム)、2003年12月23日出願の仮出願番号60/532,791 “Wireless Communications Medium Access Control (MAC) Enhancements” (無線通信媒体アクセス制御(MAC)の拡張)、2004年2月18日出願の仮出願番号60/545,963 “Adaptive Coordination Function (ACF)”(適応型調整機能(ACF))、2004年6月2日出願の仮出願番号60/576,545 “Method and Apparatus for Robust Wireless Network”(ロバスト性のある無線ネットワークのための方法と機器)、2004年7月8日出願の仮出願番号60/586,841 “Method and Apparatus for Distribution Communication Resources Among Multiple Users”(複数のユーザ間の分散通信資源のための方法と機器)、
2004年8月11日出願の仮出願番号60/600,960 “Method, Apparatus, and System for Wireless Communications” (無線通信のための方法、機器、およびシステム)、すべてはこの文書の譲受人に譲渡され、これによって、ここに参照として明白に組み込まれている。
上述したように、ここに詳述した種々の実施例は既存システムと互換性があるように展開されるかもしれない。IEEE802.11(e)の機能セット(先行の802.11標準と後方互換性がある)は、先行する標準に導入された機能と共に、本節で要約される種々の機能を含む。これらの機能の詳述に対してはそれぞれのIEEE802.11標準を参照のこと。
上述したように、先行のMACの種々の非効率的機能は後続版に提示された。例えば、64Mbpsに対して11Mbps用に設計された非常に長いプリアンブルは非効率を招く。レートの上昇に従ってMACプロトコルデータユニット(MPDU)は縮小し続けるため、種々のフレーム間隔および/またはプリアンブルを一定に保つことは関連するチャネル利用の減少を意味する。例えば、高データレートのMIMO MPDU送信信号は72μsecのプリアンブルがある802.11(g)に比べ、わずか数マイクロセカンドの長さかもしれない。SIFS、信号拡張および/またはプリアンブルのような遅延を除去または減少させると、スループットおよびチャネル利用度が向上するだろう。
ここに詳述する実施例において、ネットワークは実際のアクセスポイントがある場合または無い場合の動作をサポートするかもしれない。実際のAPが存在する場合、それは例えば有線の太いパイプ接続(例えばケーブル、ファイバ、DSLもしくはT1/T3、イーサネット)または家庭娯楽用サーバに接続されるかもしれない。この場合、実際のAPはネットワーク内の装置の間を流れるデータの大部分のためのソースとシンクであるかもしれない。
上述したように、ピアツーピア(または、簡単に「ピア-ピア」と呼ばれる)送信により、1つのSTAは、データを最初にAPに送ることなく、直接別のSTAに送信できる。ここに詳述された種々の態様はピアツーピア送信と共に用いるために採用されるかもしれない。一実施例において、さらに先で詳述するように、直接リンクプロトコル(DLP)が、適応されるかもしれない。図17にシステム100内のピアツーピア通信の例を図示する。この例において、図1に図示したシステム100と同様であるかもしれないシステム100は1UTから別のUTへの直接送信ができるように適応される(この例においては、UT106AとUT106Bとの間の伝送が例示されている)。UT106は、ここに詳述するように、WLAN120上のAP104との通信を直接実行するかもしれない。
ここに詳述されるように、説明した種々の実施例は既存システムの改善を提供する。それにも拘わらず、既に現存する既存システムの広い展開を考えると、システムが現在の既存システムおよび/または既存ユーザ端末との後方互換性を持つことは望ましいかもしれない。ここに用いられるように、用語「新クラス」は既存システムと区別するために用いられる。新クラスシステムは、ここに詳述した態様または機能の1つ以上を組み込むかもしれない。新クラスシステムの例は、図35−52を参照して以下で説明するMIMO OFDMシステムである。さらに、以下に詳述する新クラスシステムと既存システムの相互運用のための態様は、ここに詳述した任意の特定の改良がそのようなシステムに含まれているか否かに関係なく、これから展開される他のシステムにも適用できる。
s systems”(通信システムの送信を制御するための方法と機器)に詳述されている既存システムとの相互運用性のための方法の他の実施例を図53に図示する。図15を参照して上で詳述したようなMACフレームの例1500を示す。スロット区間5310が定められているスロットモードが導入される。スロット区間5310は、MIMOパイロット区間5315およびスロットギャップ5320を含む。図示したようにパイロット5315は、EDCAのような規則に従って動作する他の端末(APを含む)による干渉からチャネルを確保するために挿入される。変更されたMACフレーム5330は、媒体の制御を保持するために挿入されたパイロット5315と共にMACフレーム1500を実質的に含む。当業者には明白であるように、図53は単に例示である。スロットモードは、種々の例をここに詳述したMACフレームのいずれかに組み込まれるかもしれない。
以下で詳述されるのは、追加的態様と同様に上で導入された種々の態様を例示する一実施例である。この例において、MIMOを用いた拡張802.11 WLANが例示される。種々のMACの拡張を、対応するデータおよびMAC層並びに物理層で用いるためのメッセージ構造と同様に詳述する。当業者はWLANの機能の例示的サブセットだけが開示されていることを認識し、ここの教示を種々のシステムとの相互運用性と同様に802.11の既存システムとの相互運用性に容易に適応させるだろう。
この一実施例において、柔軟性のあるフレーム集約が容易にされる。図35に1つの集約されたフレームの中に1つ以上のMACフレーム(または、フラグメント)のカプセル化を図示する。フレーム集約は、集約されたフレーム3520内の1つ以上のMACフレーム(またはフラグメント)3510のカプセル化を認める。フレーム集約は以下に詳述するヘッダ圧縮を組み込むかもしれない。集約MACフレーム3520はPSDU3530を形成する。このPSDUは単一のPPDUとして送信されるかもしれない。集約MACフレーム3520は、形式データ、管理または制御のカプセル化したフレーム(またはフラグメント)3510を含むかもしれない。プライバシーが動作中の場合、フレームのペイロードは暗号化されるかもしれない。暗号化されたフレームのMACフレームヘッダは「妨害無し」で送信される。
図36にMACヘッダ3680、それに続くフレーム本体3650(オクテットの可変数Nを含むかもしれない)およびフレームチェックシンボル(FCS)3655(この例では4オクテット)を含む既存MACフレーム3600を図示する。この従来技術のMACフレームフォーマットは802.11eで詳述されている。MACヘッダ3660はフレーム制御フィールド3610(2オクテット)、デュレーション/IDフィールド3615(2オクテット)、シーケンス制御フィールド3635(2オクテット)、およびQoS制御フィールド3645(2オクテット)を含む。さらに、4個のアドレスフィールド、アドレス1 3620、アドレス2 3625、アドレス3 3630、およびアドレス4 3640(それぞれ6オクテット)が含まれる。また、これらのアドレスはそれぞれTA、RA、SA、およびDAと呼ばれるかもしれない。TAは送信端末のアドレスである。RAは受信端末のアドレスである。SAは送信元端末のアドレスである。DAは受信先端末のアドレスである。
適応型調整機能(ACF)はHCCAおよびEDCAの拡張であり、MIMO PHYによって動作可能とされた高データレートでの動作に適した柔軟性、高能率、低待ち時間のスケジューリングされた動作を可能とするものである。図41にACFで使用するためのスケジューリングされたアクセス期間フレーム(SCAP)の一実施例を例示する。SCHEDメッセージ4120を用いて、APは、同時に1つ以上のAP−STA、STA−APまたはSTA−STAのTXOPを、スケジューリングされたアクセス期間として知られる期間4130にわたりスケジューリングする。これらのスケジューリングされた送信信号はスケジューリングされた送信信号4140として特定される。SCHEDメッセージ4120は上で詳述した既存HCCAポーリングの代替である。一実施例において、SCAPの最大許容値は4msecである。
SCHEDの受信誤りからの回復のためにAPは種々の手順を用いるかもしれない。例えば、STAがSCHEDメッセージを復号できない場合、TXOPを利用することはできないだろう。スケジューリングされたTXOPが割当てられた開始時刻に始まらない場合、APは、未使用のスケジューリングされたTXOPの開始後の1PIFSにおいて送信することによって、回復を開始するかもしれない。APは未使用のスケジューリングされたTXOPの期間をCAPとして用いるかもしれない。CAPの間、APは1つ以上のSTAに送信するか、またはSTAをポーリングするかもしれない。このポーリング信号はスケジューリングされたTXOPを見逃したSTAまたは別のSTA向けかもしれない。CAPは次のスケジューリングされたTXOPに先立って終了する。
上述したように、SCAPはFRACH送信信号に専用の部分、および/または、MIMO STAがEDCA手順を用いるかもしれない部分を含むかもしれない。これらの競合ベースのアクセス期間はSCAPに対するNAV設定によって保護されるかもしれない。
一般的にフレーム間間隔を縮減する種々の方法は上で詳述した。ここでは、本実施例におけるフレーム間間隔縮減に関するいくつかの例を例示する。スケジューリングされた送信について、TXOPの開始時刻はSCHEDメッセージ内で示される。送信STAは、媒体がアイドル状態あることを決定することなく、SCHEDメッセージに示された正確な開始時刻にスケジューリングされたTXOPを開始するかもしれない。上述したように、SCAPの間のスケジューリングされた連続したAP送信信号は最小のIFSなしで送信される。
図45に、図41を参照して導入し、さらに先で詳述するSCHEDメッセージを例示する。SCHEDメッセージ4120は、スケジューリングされたアクセス期間(SCAP)の期間に、1つ以上のAP−STA、STA−AP、およびSTA−STA TXOPを割当てる複数のポーリングメッセージである。SCHEDメッセージを用いて、ポーリングおよび競合オーバーヘッドを抑え、また不要IFSを除去できる。
図49に既存802.11 PPDU4970を図示する。このPPDUは、PLCPプリアンブル4975(12OFSMシンボル)、PLCPヘッダ4910、可変長PSDU4945、6ビットのテール4950、および可変長パッド4955を含む。PPDU4970の一部4960が、符号化率=1/2のBPSKを用いて送信されるSIGNALフィールド(1OFDMシンボル)、およびSIGNAL4980で示される変調フォーマットおよびレートで送信される可変長データフィールド4985を含む。PLCPヘッダ4910は、SIGNAL4980および16ビットのサービスフィールド4940を含む。(サービスフィールドはDATA4985に含まれ、そのフォーマットに従って送信される)。SINGNALフィールド4980はレート4915(4ビット)、確保したフィールド4920(1ビット)、長さ4925(12ビット)、パリティビット4930、およびテール4935(6ビット)を含む。
Claims (34)
- 統合されたポーリングと、
統合されたポーリングに従って送信される1つ以上のフレームと、を含むデータ伝送構造。 - パイロットと、
統合されたポーリングと、
統合されたポーリングに従って遠隔局フレームへの0以上のアクセス・ポイントとを含む時分割デュープレックス化(TDD)データ伝送構造。 - 統合されたポーリングに従ってアクセス・ポイント・フレームへの0以上遠隔局をさらに含む請求項2のTDDデータ伝送構造。
- 統合されたポーリングに従って遠隔局フレームへの0以上の遠隔局をさらに含む請求項2のTDDデータ伝送構造。
- 統合されたポーリングに従って0以上のラングムアクセス・セグメントをさらに含む請求項2のTDDデータ伝送構造。
- 受信および送信のための共有の媒体で操作可能である装置であって、
各フレームが実質的に縮小されたフレーム間間隔で連続して送信される、複数のフレームを送信するための送信機を含む装置。 - 送信機が1つ以上の前に送信されたフレームに対応するブロック肯定応答リクエストをさらに送信する請求項6の装置。
- 各フレームがプリアンブルを含む請求項6の装置。
- 送信機が複数のフレームに先立ってさらにプリアンブルを送信し、複数のフレームはフレーム間プリアンブルなしで送信される請求項6の装置。
- フレーム間間隔はおよそ10マイクロセカンド未満の間隙を含む請求項6の装置。
- フレーム間間隔はおよそ0〜800ナノセカンド間の間隙を含む請求項6の装置。
- フレーム間間隔は2つの遠隔局間の送信時間ジッタの関数として計算された間隙を含む請求項6の装置。
- 第1のフレームおよび第2のフレーム間のフレーム間間隔は、第1と第2フレームのための源送信機が同じ送信機である場合、第1の持続の間隙を含み、かつ第1のフレームおよび第2のフレーム間のフレーム間間隔は、第1のフレームの源送信機が第2のフレームの源送信機でない場合、第2の持続の間隙を含み、第2の持続が第1の持続より長い請求項6の装置。
- 第1のフレームおよび第2のフレーム間のフレーム間間隔は、第1のフレームのための電源制御設定が第2のフレームのための電源制御設定と実質的に同じである場合、第1の持続の間隙を含み、かつ第1のフレームおよび第2のフレーム間のフレーム間間隔は、第1のフレームのための電源制御設定が第2のフレームのための電源制御設定と実質的に同じでない場合、第2の持続の間隙を含み、第2の持続が第1の持続より長い請求項6の装置。
- 受信および送信のための共有の媒体で操作可能な無線通信システムであって、
第1の局と、
第1の局へデータの連続するフレームを送信する第2の局とを含み、フレームの第1のものはフレーム間間隔なしで送信され、フレームの第2のものは実質的に縮小されたフレーム間間隔で送信される無線通信システム。 - 媒体が1つ以上の遠隔局により送信および受信のため操作可能である、共有の媒体にデータを送信および受信するように操作可能な装置であって、
各メッセージがそれぞれ伝送用データの表示を含む、1つ以上の遠隔局からの1つ以上のメッセージを受信する受信機と、
共有の媒体に伝送するために1つ以上の遠隔局について送信時間および伝送持続を含む統合されたポーリングを送信する送信機とを含み、統合されたポーリングが受信された1つ以上のメッセージの1つ以上に応じて生成される装置。 - 統合されたポーリングを受信する受信機と、
統合されたポーリングに従って伝送機会を決定するプロセッサと、
伝送機会中に送信する送信機とを含む装置。 - パイロットを送信する手段と、
統合されたポーリングを送信する手段と、
統合されたポーリングに従って1つ以上のフレームを送信する手段とを含む装置。 - パイロットを送信し、
統合されたポーリングを送信し、
統合されたポーリングに従って1つ以上のフレームを送信することを含む方法。 - 1つ以上のフレームがアクセス・ポイントから1つ以上の遠隔局にそれぞれ送信される請求項19の方法。
- 1つ以上のフレームが1つ以上の遠隔局からアクセス・ポイントにそれぞれ送信される請求項19の方法。
- 1つ以上のフレームが第1の遠隔局から第2の遠隔局に送信される請求項19の方法。
- 第1の局と、
第2の局と、
第1の局から第2の局に1つ以上のフレームを送信する手段とを含み、それぞれのフレームが実質的にフレーム間間隔なしで送信される無線通信システム。 - 第1の局から第2の局に1つ以上のフレームを送信し、それぞれのフレームが実質的にフレーム間間隔なしで送信されるステップを行なうように操作可能なコンピュータ可読媒体。
- 第1の局から第2の局に1つ以上のフレームを送信し、それぞれのフレームが実質的にフレーム間間隔なしに送信されることを含む方法。
- 第2のフレームの伝送のための電力レベルが第1のフレームの伝送のための電力レベルと実質的に異なる場合に、第1のフレームおよび第2のフレーム間に保護フレーム間間隔を挿入することをさらに含む請求項25の方法。
- 第1の局から第3の局に1つ以上のフレームを送信し、それぞれのフレームが実質的にフレーム間間隔なしに送信されることをさらに含む請求項25の方法。
- 第4の局から1つ以上の第5の局に1つ以上のフレームを送信し、それぞれのフレームは実質的にフレーム間間隔なしに送信されることをさらに含む請求項25の方法。
- 保護フレーム間間隔は第1の局および第4の局によって送信されるフレーム間に挿入される請求項28の方法。
- 1つ以上の送信されたフレームに応じてブロック肯定応答を送信することをさらに含む請求項25の方法。
- 1つ以上のフレームを送信する前にプリアンブルを送信することをさらに含み、1つ以上のフレームは対応するプリアンブルなしで送信される請求項25の方法。
- 統合されたポーリングを送信することをさらに含み、1つ以上のフレームは統合されたポーリングに従って送信される請求項25の方法。
- 1つ以上のフレームは、本質的に統合されたポーリングと1つ以上のフレームとの間のフレーム間間隔なしに送信される請求項32の方法。
- 1つ以上のフレームは、実質的に統合されたポーリングと1つ以上のフレームとの間の縮小されたフレーム間間隔で送信される請求項32の方法。
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