JP2009522370A - 小容量経口経粘膜投与形態 - Google Patents
小容量経口経粘膜投与形態 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2006年1月6日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/756,937号の優先権の利益を請求し、その開示はその全体が本明細書中に参考として援用される。
本発明は、本明細書中において「NanoTabs(登録商標)」という、種々のサイズおよび特徴を有する小容量経口経粘膜薬物送達投与形態、およびそれを用いる方法を提供する。
現在、多数の疾患の治療用の医薬の経口投与のための標準的な治療養生法は、効率および毒性双方に関して明確な限界を有する。とりわけ、他の属性の中でも、投与の経路、調合物、および用量制御はこれらの限界に寄与する。
本発明は、治療効果および予測可能かつ安全な薬物動態学的プロフィールを供しつつ、自己−投与可能である、医薬上活性な量の薬物の所定の単位用量を含有する小容量経口経粘膜薬物送達投与形態または「NanoTabs(登録商標)」を含む組成物および方法を提供する。
本発明は、高い生物学的利用能、Tmaxにおける低い変動、Cmaxにおける低い変動、AUCにおける低い変動を提供する経口経粘膜投与形態またはNanoTabs(登録商標)を提供する。本発明のNanoTabs(登録商標)は、制御された溶解、溶解性および安定性も提供し、その結果、経時的な薬物の制御された放出が得られ、これは治療ウインドウ内の延長された血漿レベルをもたらす。
定義
用語「NanoTabs(登録商標)」とは、本明細書中で用いるように、約0μl(マイクロリットル)〜100μlの容量、および約0mg(ミリグラム)〜約100mgの質量を有する小容量投与形態をいう。本発明のNanoTabs(登録商標)は生体接着特徴を有しても有さなくてもよく、ヒドロゲル−形成または侵食性錠剤の特徴を有することができる溶解可能な薬物−含有投与形態である。
本発明は、他の経口投与形態と比較した場合に低減した唾液応答をもたらし、かくして、口腔粘膜を横切っての投与形態中で供される医薬上活性な物質の高い吸収速度、および胃腸管を介しての低減した摂取を供し、従って、薬物送達のより一貫した再現性のある手段を供する経口経粘膜薬物送達投与形態またはNanoTabs(登録商標)を提供する。
1つの実施形態において、本発明の投与形態またはNanoTabs(登録商標)は、一般に、薬物送達の間に、および薬物のほとんどまたは全てが投与形態から口腔粘膜に送達されるまで、口腔粘膜へ接着するように適合される(すなわち、生体接着性である)。他の実施形態において、本発明の投与形態またはNanoTabs(登録商標)は生体接着性でない。
NanoTabs(登録商標)を介する経粘膜投薬の摂取の結果、薬物摂取のより大きな画分がGI経路を介して起こる現在入手可能な経口経粘膜投与形態のそれと比較して、個々の用量および個々の患者の間のより一貫した薬物送達がもたらされる。
NanoTabs(登録商標)の評価のためのテスト
ヒトおよび動物における、本発明の裏付けで実行され、かつ本明細書中において後におよび実施例1〜6に記載された舌下NanoTabs(登録商標)のヒトおよび動物実験に先立って、発明者らは、いずれかの投与形態の舌下サフェンタニルの、またはいずれかの投与形態の舌下アルフェンタニルの使用から動物またはヒトで得られたいずれの公開された薬物動態データを知らなかった。
ヒト実験
ヒト臨床実験は健康なボランティアを用いて行った。以下の実施例1で詳細に記載された実験は、各々、3.7μg、7.5μgまたは15μgのクエン酸サフェンタニルに対応する2.5μg、5μgまたは10μgいずれかのサフェンタニル主薬を含有する舌下サフェンタニルNanoTabs(登録商標)を用いて12の対象(6人の男性および6人の女性)で行った(表1参照)。全ての賦形剤は不活性であって、GRAS(「一般に安全と認識」)状態を有する。
舌下サフェンタニルNanoTabs(登録商標)によって作成されたPK曲線の別の態様はプラトー相であり、これは、安全性および効率双方で重要である一貫した血漿レベルの期間を可能とする。IVボーラス投与(動物実験実施例2〜6参照)、または我々のヒト実験における10分のIV注入(実施例1および図2)いずれかと比較して、サフェンタニルNanoTabs(登録商標)についてのPKプロフィールは明確により安全である。迅速で高いCmax血漿レベルは回避される。呼吸器系抑制を生じさせるオピオイドの能力を仮定すれば、PKプロフィールにおいてこれらの高いピークを回避するのは有利である。
治療時間比率=(Cmaxの相殺の時間/2−Cmaxの開始の時間/2)/(薬物のIV排出半減期)
排出半減期は分子の固有の特性であって、舌下経路からの薬物の継続した摂取からの汚染を回避するためにIV経路を用いて最も信頼性良く測定される。我々のヒト実験における5mcgのサフェンタニルについてのIV排出半減期は、これらの低い用量におけるアッセイの検出限界のため71.4分であった。かなり高い用量におけるサフェンタニルについての公表されたIV排出半減期は、再分布の迅速なアルファ−排出メカニズム、および代謝および排泄を介する排出のより長いベータ相の検出のため148分である。この公表された排出半減期は、前記方程式で用いるのにより正確かつより適切である。2.5、5および10mcg投与強度についての12人のボランティアでの平均についてのCmaxの50%を超える消費時間は、各々、110分、111分および106分であった。従って、これらの特異的サフェンタニルNanoTabs(登録商標)についての治療時間比率は0.72〜0.75の範囲であった。NanoTabs(登録商標)の調合物は変化するので、NanoTab(登録商標)の侵食時間は減少するかまたは増加するかのいずれかであり、サフェンタニルについてはほぼ0.2〜2.0のある範囲の治療時間比率が見られるであろう。実際に、サフェンタニルについての本発明のいずれかの経口経粘膜投与形態は、この範囲の治療時間比率を呈することができ、従って、我々は本発明の請求の範囲を特定のNanoTab(登録商標)の属性に限定しない。
覚醒した意識がはっきりしているビーグル犬における一連の実験を行って、種々の薬物およびNanoTab(登録商標)調合物を用いてNanoTabs(登録商標)の特性をより十分に解明した。液体舌下投与ならびに嚥下されたNanoTabs(登録商標)に対する本発明のNanoTabs(登録商標)を用いる経口経粘膜薬物送達の比較を行って、NanoTab(登録商標)の種々の属性を評価した。結果は、本発明の小さな生体接着性NanoTabs(登録商標)が(覚醒犬での使用によって示されるように)舌下的によく許容され、注入された液体を含めた他の経口経粘膜投与形態よりも高い生物学的利用能およびより一貫した薬物動態データをもたらすという我々の主張を裏付ける。
生体接着
粘膜接着強度は、吊り下げたプラットフォームの底に錠剤を付着させ、次いで、調合物をブタ頬粘膜基質か脱着させるのに必要な力を決定することによって決定される。精密ロードセル(GS−500 Tranducer techniques,Temecula,CA)およびフックアタッチメントよりなる粘膜接着剤テストシステム。ロードセルはアナログシグナルを発生し、これは、A/D変換器(Model 500 A,Keithley Metrabyte,Taunton,MA)およびIBMコンピュータを備えたデータ獲得システムを通じてデジタルシグナルに変換される。データはEasyLxソフトウェア(Keithley Metrabyte)を用いて分析した。頂部のプラスチックプランジャー(8cm)を付着させたスライドガラス、および底の平坦な表面を持つ円形−スチール突出(0.5cm)よりなる吊り下げたプラットフォームをロードセルに付着させる。平坦−表面錠剤ダイはより低い静的−プラットフォームとして働く。粘膜をスクリュー−クランプを用いて下部プラットフォームに設置する。接着の力を決定するために、その変数の最適レベルを引き続いての評価において一定に保つ。各測定の間に、粘膜表面を4mLの精製水で濯ぐ。過剰の水を柔らかいティッシュペーパーで拭い、粘膜を既知容量のpH6.8のリン酸緩衝液で湿らす。フィルムを備えた吊り下げたプラットフォームを下ろし、既知の適用された力によって粘膜の表面に必要な時間の間置く。脱着力を測定し、N/cm2に変換する。実験は室温(23〜25℃)において三連で行う。接着およびピーク脱着力を用いて、種々の本発明の調合物を含む投与形態の生体接着強さを評価した。
薬物溶解動態は、非常に少量の活性薬物を含有する投与形態などの所与の投与形態について適切に修飾されたタイプI、IIおよび/またはタイプIVなどの標準USP溶解装置によって決定する。投与形態からの薬物放出は、UV分光測定、HPLCまたはLC/MSなどの標準分析方法の1つを用いて監視することができる。溶解媒体は、6.5〜7.8の間のpH範囲におけるリン酸塩、トリスその他などの生理学的緩衝液と定義される。本発明の投与形態は、30秒〜1分、2分、3分、4分、5分、10分、15分、30分、1時間、2時間、4時間、8時間以上の溶解時間を有するように製造することができる。
投与形態侵食は、目視調査により舌下NanoTab(登録商標)の経時的消失を観察することによって監視することができる。完全な投与形態侵食は、患者および薬物投与の環境、ならびに固有の錠剤賦形剤に依存して、約30秒〜1分、2分、3分、4分、5分、10分、15分、30分、1時間、2時間、4時間、または長くて8時間以上内での目視調査によって明らかであろう。本発明の経口経粘膜調合物の組成を調整して、一定範囲の用量および一定範囲の侵食時間の双方を供して、特定の臨床的状況に適合させることができる。
本発明は、経口経粘膜経路によって送達することができ、かつNanoTabs(登録商標)の小さなサイズに適した量のいずれかの薬物を含む調合物の経口経粘膜送達用の小容量投与形態またはNanoTab(登録商標)を提供する。本発明のNanoTabs(登録商標)の使用の1つの例は、疼痛緩和への適用に関するものである。本発明のNanoTabs(登録商標)を疼痛の治療で用いる場合、それらは、急性または突出痛の治療のための、オピオイドまたはオピオイドアゴニストなどの薬物を含むであろう。オピオイドは強力な鎮痛剤であって、これを利用して、世界中の中程度〜ひどい強度の急性および慢性双方の疼痛を治療する。しかしながら、適切に用いなければ、それらは重篤な呼吸器系抑制効果も有する場合があり、また高い乱用の可能性に悩んでいる。1998年に、合計36,848のオピエート暴露(純粋な、混合された製剤)が合衆国毒物管理センターに報告されており、そのうち1227(3.3%)は主な毒性をもたらし、161(0.4%)の結果死亡している。純粋なオピオイド過剰用量からの罹患率および死亡率の圧倒的原因は呼吸器系合併症を介している。
経口経粘膜投与形態の送達のための方法
NanoTab(登録商標)送達用の装置は、種々の機械的または電気機械的方法を用いて、NanoTab(登録商標)を口腔または舌下空間へ排出することができる。例えば、NanoTab(登録商標)はバネ、圧縮空気、または一旦活性化された他のメカニズムによって強制的に排出することができる。
経口経粘膜投与形態の作成方法
NanoTab(登録商標)などの経口経粘膜送達用の薬物−含有投与形態を作成する方法もまた本発明によって提供される。例として、該方法は薬物および1以上のバイオアドヘシン、結合剤、ヒドロゲル形成性賦形剤、増量剤、滑沢剤またはグライダント、および溶解時間に影響する因子を秤量し、恐らくは粉末を粉砕し、乾燥粉末を混合し、および直接的な圧縮を介して錠剤化する工程を含む。
本発明の投与形態は、経口経粘膜経路によって投与することができるいずれの薬物の送達においても利用性を見出す。本発明の経口経粘膜投与形態またはNanoTab(登録商標)の小容量は、それが高い生物学的利用能、Tmaxの低い変動性、Cmaxの低い変動性、およびAUCの低い変動性を提供することにある。また、本発明のNanoTabs(登録商標)は制御された溶解、溶解度および安定性も供し、その結果、経時的な薬物の制御された放出がもたらされ、その結果、治療ウインドウ内の持続された血漿レベルが得られる。
前記したNanoTabs(登録商標)についての投与形態は、舌下投与後にヒトおよび適当な動物の両モデルにおいてインビボ薬物動態についてテストすることができる。以下の実施例は、ヒトボランティアおよび覚醒した意識がはっきりとしたビーグル犬モデルにおいて、舌下投与後にするクエン酸サフェンタニルの一貫した吸収プロフィールを可能にするNanoTab(登録商標)投与形態の能力を示す。
(表1.ヒト臨床実験で用いるサフェンタニルNano Tab(登録商標))
生体接着
生体接着は、サフェンタニル成分を含まないサフェンタニル臨床試験調合物(#46−#48)について先に記載したように測定した。NanoTabs(登録商標)の変位に必要な生体接着力は0.046±0.01N/cm2と測定された。
NanoTab(登録商標)調合物#46、#47および#48からのクエン酸サフェンタニル溶解は、前記したように、タイプIIのインビトロ溶解システムで評価し、以下の図1に示す。
●0日:IVサフェンタニル注入:
○17の試料を集めた:
−5.0(注入の開始前)、2.5、5、7.5、10、12.5、15、20、30、45、60、90、120、160、320、480、および640分
●2日:舌下2.5μgサフェンタニルNanoTab(登録商標)
○17の試料:
−5.0(NanoTab(登録商標)投与前)、2.5、5、7.5、10、12.5、15、20、30、45、60、90、120、160、320、480、および640分
●3日:舌下5.0μgサフェンタニルNanoTab(登録商標)
○17の試料:
−5.0(NanoTab(登録商標)投与前)、2.5、5、7.5、10、12.5、15、20、30、45、60、90、120、160、320、480、および640分
●4日:舌下10.0μgサフェンタニルNanoTabs(登録商標);
○17の試料:
−5.0(NanoTab(登録商標)投与前)、2.5、5、7.5、10、12.5、15、20、30、45、60、90、120、160、320、480、および640分
●7日:10分間隔で4回反復した舌下5.0μgサフェンタニルNanoTabs(登録商標);
○23試料:
−5.0(第1のNanoTab(登録商標)投与前)、5、7.5分
10(第2のNanoTab(登録商標)投与の直前)、15、17.5分
20(第3のNanoTab(登録商標)投与の直前)、25、27.5分
30(第4のNanoTabs(登録商標)投与の直前)、35、40、45,50、55、60、90、120、150、190、350、510および670分。
この実験のためのNanoTabs(登録商標)は全ての対象において10〜30分の時間にわたって侵食した。12人の健康なボランティアの舌下腔中に各サフェンタニル舌下NanoTabs(登録商標)を入れた後に、顕著に一貫した薬物動態プロフィールが3つの用量で得られた(図2)。
以下の実施例2〜5はビーグル犬モデルを用いるものであり、NanoTab(登録商標)についての調合物は、全て、5.5mgの合計質量を持つNanoTab(登録商標)を用いるものである。前記した5mcgのNanoTabs(登録商標)(犬についての調合物#44、これはヒト調合物#47と同一である)の舌下投与に続いてのサフェンタニルのインビボ薬物動態(PK)は、健康なビーグル犬モデルで評価した。簡単に述べれば、前記した単一の5mcgのNanoTabs(登録商標)を直接的に入れることによって十分に覚醒した健康な犬に舌下腔に舌下投与した。合計3匹の犬を評価した。投与に続いて、舌下腔におけるNanoTab(登録商標)の位置を投与後に5〜15分間隔で視覚により観察した。舌下サフェンタニルPKを、同一用量レベルのIV投与されたサフェンタニルのそれと比較した。
説明目的で、より長い持続のNanoTab(登録商標)投与形態(調合物#58)をクエン酸サフェンタニルで調製して、薬物調合物のより遅い速度、およびより長く作用する投与形態のインビボ薬物動態を評価した。表4に記載されたこのより遅く崩壊するサフェンタニルNanoTab(登録商標)は、直接的圧縮によって調製し、前記したようにテストした。犬における侵食時間の範囲は35〜120分であって、プラセボ調合物の生体接着は前記したように測定し、0.18±0.08N/cm2と決定された。
A.溶液投与形態の舌下投与に続いてのサフェンタニルの生物学的利用能の評価
静脈投与のものと比較した溶液からの舌下投与に続いてのサフェンタニルの生物学的利用能を、表6に示したように、健康な意識があるビーグル犬動物モデルで評価した。試験の双方の実験群において、クエン酸サフェンタニルの商業的に入手可能な調合物(Sufenta(登録商標)50μg/mL)を用い、サフェンタニル主薬の5μgの同一合計用量にて投与した。静脈内投与(群1)は、適当なサイズの滅菌針およびシリンジを介する橈側皮静脈へのボーラス注射によるSufenta(登録商標)50μg/mLの単一投与(n=3)によって行った。舌下投与(群2)については、試験製品は、0.9%w/wのSufenta(登録商標)50μg/mLを5μgのサフェンタニル主薬と同一最終用量まで適切に希釈することによって調製し、2回舌下投与し(合計n=6)、各用量は最小2日の洗い流しによって隔てた。用量は、滅菌シリンジを介して小帯と隣接した舌の下にゆっくりと適用した。血液試料は投与に先立ち、および投与からほぼ1、3、5、10、15、30分、1、2、4、8および24時間後に頸静脈または他の適当な静脈から収集した。ほぼ2mLの血液を時点毎にK2EDTAを含有する予め冷却された管に収集した。試料を冷蔵した遠心分離機で3,000×gにてほぼ10分間遠心分離した。血漿を収集し、ほぼ−70℃にて遠心分離から20分内に凍結させ、分析まで同一温度で維持した。犬血漿中でのサフェンタニルの分析のために確証されたLC/MS/MS方法を用いて試料の分析を行った。
静脈内サフェンタニル投与と比較した5mcgサフェンタニルNanoTab(登録商標)(調合物#44、これは前記したヒト試験で用いた#47と同一の調合物である)の摂取後のサフェンタニルの生物学的利用能を、前記実施例に記載したように、健康な意識があるビーグル犬動物モデルで評価した。単一の5mcg NanoTab(登録商標)を2回経口投与し、各用量はn=6の合計にて最小2日の洗い流しによって隔てた(表6)。NanoTabs(登録商標)を喉中でできる限り遠く後へ手動で入れ、水でフラッシングして、動物における嚥下応答を促進した。吸収の非−区画モデルを用いて薬物動態分析を行った。サフェンタニル血漿中濃度を図5においてグラフ化して示す。PK分析の結果を表7に示す。
b=同一動物を投与間に最終2日の洗い流し期間を設けて群1〜3で用いる。
c=群2および3の動物には合計n=6で最小2日の洗い流し期間を設けて2回投与した。
d=ノーマル(0.9%)w/w塩水を用いて、テスト製品(Sufenta(登録商標)50μg/mLを所望の濃度まで希釈した。
他の商業的フェンタニル経口経粘膜製剤に対するNanoTab(登録商標)およびその属性の優位性を示す目的で、フェンタニルNanoTab(登録商標)投与形態をクエン酸フェンタニルで調製して、薬物放出の速度および種々の投与形態のインビボ薬物動態を評価した。表8に記載された、中程度に(調合物#60)および遅く(調合物#60)崩壊するフェンタニルNanoTabs(登録商標)双方を、直接的圧縮によって調製された双方の投与形態で評価した。調合物#60の犬における侵食時間は5〜20分の範囲であり、生体接着をプラセボ調合物について0.056±0.01N/cm2で測定した。調合物#62についての犬における侵食時間は35〜65分の範囲であり、プラセボ調合物についての生体接着は0.18±0.08N/cm2で測定した。
NanoTabs(登録商標)についての別の薬物使用の説明目的で、さらなるNanoTab(登録商標)投与形態をアルフェンタニルHClで調製して、投与のIV経路のそれと比較してアルフェンタニルのPKを効果的に改良する本出願に記載された投与形態の能力を示した。該調合物の組成、中程度に崩壊するNanoTab(登録商標)は表11に記載される。調合物#63の犬における侵食時間は20分であり、生体接着性はプラセボ調合物について0.056±0.01N/cm2で測定した。
Claims (167)
- 医薬上活性な量の薬物の所定の単位用量を含む薬物の経口経粘膜投与用の溶解可能な小容量投与形態であって、該投与形態はNanoTab(登録商標)である溶解可能な小容量投与形態。
- 前記投与形態は生体接着特徴を有する請求項1記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が口腔粘膜に接着する請求項1記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記口腔粘膜が舌下膜である請求項3記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記口腔粘膜が頬膜である請求項3記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が100mg未満の質量を有する請求項1記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が100μl未満の容量を有する請求項1記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が100mg未満の質量を有する請求項4記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が100μl未満の容量を有する請求項4記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が100mg未満、90mg未満、80mg未満、70mg未満、60mg未満、50mg未満、40mg未満、30mg未満、20mg未満および10mg未満よりなる群から選択される質量を有する請求項1記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が100μl未満、90μl未満、80μl未満、70μl未満、60μl未満、50μl未満、40μl未満、30μl未満、20μl未満および10μl未満よりなる群から選択される容量を有する請求項1記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が100mg未満、90mg未満、80mg未満、70mg未満、60mg未満、50mg未満、40mg未満、30mg未満、20mg未満および10mg未満よりなる群から選択される質量を有する請求項4記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が100μl未満、90μl未満、80μl未満、70μl未満、60μl未満、50μl未満、40μl未満、30μl未満、20μl未満および10μl未満よりなる群から選択される容量を有する請求項4記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が20μl未満の容量を有する請求項11記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が20μl未満の容量を有する請求項13記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が20mg未満の質量を有する請求項10記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が20mg未満の質量を有する請求項12記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態がヒドロゲル−形成型の溶解可能薬物−含有投与形態である請求項10記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が侵食型の溶解可能薬物−含有投与形態である請求項10記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態がヒドロゲル−形成型の溶解可能薬物−含有投与形態である請求項12記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が侵食型の溶解可能薬物−含有投与形態である請求項12記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態がヒドロゲル−形成型の溶解可能薬物−含有投与形態である請求項11記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が侵食型の溶解可能薬物−含有投与形態である請求項11記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態がヒドロゲル−形成型の溶解可能薬物−含有投与形態である請求項13記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が侵食型の溶解可能薬物−含有投与形態である請求項13記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が約0.5〜約3.0mmの厚みを有する請求項1記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が約1.0〜約30.0mmの直径を有する請求項1記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記医薬上活性な薬物が約0.25μg〜99.9mgの治療上有効な量で存在する請求項1記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記医薬上活性な薬物が約0.25μg〜99.9mgの治療上有効な量で存在する請求項10記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記医薬上活性な薬物が約0.25μg〜99.9mgの治療上有効な量で存在する請求項11記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記医薬上活性な薬物が約1μg〜50mgの治療上有効な量で存在する請求項1記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記医薬上活性な薬物が約1μg〜50mgの治療上有効な量で存在する請求項10記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記医薬上活性な薬物が約1μg〜50mgの治療上有効な量で存在する請求項11記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記医薬上活性な薬物が約1μg〜10mgの治療上有効な量で存在する請求項1記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記医薬上活性な薬物が約1μg〜10mgの治療上有効な量で存在する請求項10記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記医薬上活性な薬物が約1μg〜10mgの治療上有効な量で存在する請求項11記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記医薬上活性な薬物がサフェンタニル、アルフェンタニル、フェンタニル、ロフェンタニル、カルフェンタニル、レミフェンタニル、トレフェンタニル、およびミルフェンタニルよりなる群から選択されるオピオイドである請求項1記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記医薬上活性な薬物がサフェンタニル、アルフェンタニル、フェンタニル、ロフェンタニル、カルフェンタニル、レミフェンタニル、トレフェンタニル、およびミルフェンタニルよりなる群から選択されるオピオイドである請求項10記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記医薬上活性な薬物がサフェンタニル、アルフェンタニル、フェンタニル、ロフェンタニル、カルフェンタニル、レミフェンタニル、トレフェンタニル、およびミルフェンタニルよりなる群から選択されるオピオイドである請求項11記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜200マイクログラム(mcg)のサフェンタニルを含む請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜200マイクログラム(mcg)のサフェンタニルを含む請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜200マイクログラム(mcg)のサフェンタニルを含む請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約2.5mcg〜100mcgのサフェンタニルを含む請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約2.5mcg〜100mcgのサフェンタニルを含む請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約2.5mcg〜100mcgのサフェンタニルを含む請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)がサフェンタニルのキログラム当たり約0.02mcg〜5マイクログラム(mcg/kg)の用量を含む請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)がサフェンタニルのキログラム当たり約0.02mcg〜5マイクログラム(mcg/kg)の用量を含む請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)がサフェンタニルのキログラム当たり約0.02mcg〜5マイクログラム(mcg/kg)の用量を含む請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が2.5mcg、5mcg、10mcgおよび15mcgよりなる群から選択されるサフェンタニルの用量を含む請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が2.5mcg、5mcg、10mcgおよび15mcgよりなる群から選択されるサフェンタニルの用量を含む請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が2.5mcg、5mcg、10mcgおよび15mcgよりなる群から選択されるサフェンタニルの用量を含む請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約10mcg〜10mgのアルフェンタニルを含む請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約10mcg〜10mgのアルフェンタニルを含む請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約10mcg〜10mgのアルフェンタニルを含む請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約2mcg〜1500mcgのフェンタニルを含む請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約2mcg〜1500mcgのフェンタニルを含む請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約2mcg〜1500mcgのフェンタニルを含む請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約50mcg〜1500mcgのフェンタニルを含む請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約50mcg〜1500mcgのフェンタニルを含む請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約50mcg〜1500mcgのフェンタニルを含む請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約200mcg〜1500mcgのフェンタニルを含む請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約200mcg〜1500mcgのフェンタニルを含む請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約200mcg〜1500mcgのフェンタニルを含む請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜99.9mgのロフェンタニルを含む請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜99.9mgのロフェンタニルを含む請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜99.9mgのロフェンタニルを含む請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜99.9mgのカルフェンタニルを含む請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜99.9mgのカルフェンタニルを含む請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜99.9mgのカルフェンタニルを含む請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜99.9mgのレミフェンタニルを含む請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜99.9mgのレミフェンタニルを含む請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜99.9mgのレミフェンタニルを含む請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜99.9mgのトレフェンタニルを含む請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜99.9mgのトレフェンタニルを含む請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜99.9mgのトレフェンタニルを含む請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜99.9mgのミルフェンタニルを含む請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜99.9mgのミルフェンタニルを含む請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が約0.25mcg〜99.9mgのミルフェンタニルを含む請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が平坦、凹または凸面を持つ丸いディスク、楕円形状、球状形状、および3以上のエッジ、および平坦、凹または凸面を持つ多面体よりなる群から選択される形状を有する請求項10記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記投与形態が平坦、凹または凸面を持つ丸いディスク、楕円形状、球状形状、および3以上のエッジ、および平坦、凹または凸面を持つ多面体よりなる群から選択される形状を有する請求項11記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が対象による自己投与用に設計された請求項10記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)が対象による自己投与用に設計された請求項11記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記自己投与が装置を用いて達成される請求項81記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記自己投与が装置を用いて達成される請求項82記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)の侵食時間が30秒から1分、2分、3分、4分、5分、10分、15分、30分、1時間、2時間、4時間および8時間よりなる群から選択される時間までである請求項1記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)の侵食時間が30秒から1分、2分、3分、4分、5分、10分、15分、30分、1時間、2時間、4時間および8時間よりなる群から選択される時間までである請求項7記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記NanoTab(登録商標)の侵食時間が30秒から1分、2分、3分、4分、5分、10分、15分、30分、1時間、2時間、4時間および8時間よりなる群から選択される時間までである請求項9記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、65%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、65%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、65%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、75%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、75%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、75%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、85%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、85%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、85%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、90%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、90%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、90%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、94%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、94%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、94%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、30%未満の変動係数を持つAUCをもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、30%未満の変動係数を持つAUCをもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、30%未満の変動係数を持つAUCをもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、40%未満の変動係数を持つAUCをもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、40%未満の変動係数を持つAUCをもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、40%未満の変動係数を持つAUCをもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の反復経口経粘膜投与の結果、65%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の反復経口経粘膜投与の結果、65%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の反復経口経粘膜投与の結果、65%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の反復経口経粘膜投与の結果、75%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の反復経口経粘膜投与の結果、75%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の反復経口経粘膜投与の結果、75%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の反復経口経粘膜投与の結果、85%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の反復経口経粘膜投与の結果、85%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の反復経口経粘膜投与の結果、85%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の反復経口経粘膜投与の結果、90%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の反復経口経粘膜投与の結果、90%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の反復経口経粘膜投与の結果、90%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の反復経口経粘膜投与の結果、95%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の反復経口経粘膜投与の結果、95%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記NanoTab(登録商標)の反復経口経粘膜投与の結果、95%を超える生物学的利用能をもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、30%未満の変動係数でのCmaxをもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、30%未満の変動係数でのCmaxをもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、30%未満の変動係数でのCmaxをもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、40%未満の変動係数でのCmaxをもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、40%未満の変動係数でのCmaxをもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、40%未満の変動係数でのCmaxをもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、40%未満の変動係数でのTmaxをもたらす請求項40記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、40%未満の変動係数でのTmaxをもたらす請求項41記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 対象への前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、40%未満の変動係数でのTmaxをもたらす請求項42記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、約30分〜約4時間の血漿半減期をもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、約30分〜約4時間の血漿半減期をもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、約30分〜約4時間の血漿半減期をもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、0.07を超える治療時間比率をもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、0.07を超える治療時間比率をもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、0.07を超える治療時間比率をもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、約0.5〜約2.0の治療時間比率をもたらす請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、約0.5〜約2.0の治療時間比率をもたらす請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記薬物投与形態の単一の経口経粘膜投与の結果、約0.5〜約2.0の治療時間比率をもたらす請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 経口経粘膜経路を介して吸収される前記NanoTab(登録商標)中の薬物の量が前記投与形態中の薬物の合計量の少なくとも35%、少なくとも40%、少なくとも45%、少なくとも50%、少なくとも55%、少なくとも60%、少なくとも65%、少なくとも70%、少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも85%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、少なくとも98%および少なくとも99%よりなる群から選択される請求項3記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 経口経粘膜経路を介して吸収される前記NanoTab(登録商標)中の薬物の量が前記投与形態中の薬物の合計量の少なくとも35%、少なくとも40%、少なくとも45%、少なくとも50%、少なくとも55%、少なくとも60%、少なくとも65%、少なくとも70%、少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも85%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、少なくとも98%および少なくとも99%よりなる群から選択される請求項7記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 経口経粘膜経路を介して吸収される前記NanoTab(登録商標)中の薬物の量が前記投与形態中の薬物の合計量の少なくとも35%、少なくとも40%、少なくとも45%、少なくとも50%、少なくとも55%、少なくとも60%、少なくとも65%、少なくとも70%、少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも85%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、少なくとも98%および少なくとも99%よりなる群から選択される請求項9記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記経口経粘膜経路を介して吸収される前記NanoTab(登録商標)中の薬物の量が前記投与形態中の薬物の合計量の少なくとも75%である請求項142記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記経口経粘膜経路を介して吸収される前記NanoTab(登録商標)中の薬物の量が前記投与形態中の薬物の合計量の少なくとも75%である請求項143記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 前記経口経粘膜経路を介して吸収される前記NanoTab(登録商標)中の薬物の量が前記投与形態中の薬物の合計量の少なくとも75%である請求項144記載のNanoTab(登録商標)。
- 症候性医学的状態を呈する対象を治療する方法であって、請求項1記載のNanoTab(登録商標)を投与することを含み、該NanoTab(登録商標)が該対象において該症状を低減または排除するのに有効な医薬上活性な量の薬物を含む、方法。
- 症候性医学的状態を呈する対象を治療する方法であって、請求項4記載のNanoTab(登録商標)を投与することを含み、該NanoTab(登録商標)が該対象において該症状を低減または排除するのに有効な医薬上活性な量の薬物を含む、方法。
- 症候性医学的状態を呈する対象を治療する方法であって、請求項10記載のNanoTab(登録商標)を投与することを含み、該NanoTab(登録商標)が該対象において該症状を低減または排除するのに有効な医薬上活性な量の薬物を含む、方法。
- 症候性医学的状態を呈する対象を治療する方法であって、請求項11記載のNanoTab(登録商標)を投与することを含み、該NanoTab(登録商標)が該対象において該症状を低減または排除するのに有効な医薬上活性な量の薬物を含む、方法。
- 前記症候性医学的状態が疼痛である請求項148記載の方法。
- 前記症候性医学的状態が疼痛である請求項149記載の方法。
- 前記症候性医学的状態が疼痛である請求項150記載の方法。
- 前記症候性医学的状態が疼痛である請求項151記載の方法。
- 対象において疼痛を治療する方法であって、請求項37記載のNanoTab(登録商標)を投与することを含み、該NanoTab(登録商標)が疼痛の症状を低減または排除するのに有効な治療上活性な量の薬物を含み、該NanoTab(登録商標)の投与後に、疼痛の症状が該対象において低減または排除される、方法。
- 対象において疼痛を治療する方法であって、請求項38記載のNanoTab(登録商標)を投与することを含み、前記NanoTab(登録商標)が疼痛の症状を低減または排除するのに有効な治療上活性な量の薬物を含み、該NanoTab(登録商標)の投与後に、疼痛の症状が該対象において低減または排除される、方法。
- 対象において疼痛を治療する方法であって、請求項39記載のNanoTab(登録商標)を投与することを含み、前記NanoTab(登録商標)が疼痛の症状を低減または排除するのに有効な治療上活性な量の薬物を含み、該NanoTab(登録商標)の投与後に、疼痛の症状が該対象において低減または排除される、方法。
- 前記症候性医学的状態が急性痛である請求項156記載の方法。
- 前記症候性医学的状態が突出痛である請求項156記載の方法。
- 前記症候性医学的状態が術後痛である請求項156記載の方法。
- 前記症候性医学的状態が急性痛である請求項157記載の方法。
- 前記症候性医学的状態が突出痛である請求項157記載の方法。
- 前記症候性医学的状態が術後痛である請求項157記載の方法。
- 前記症候性医学的状態が急性痛である請求項158記載の方法。
- 前記症候性医学的状態が突出痛である請求項158記載の方法。
- 前記症候性医学的状態が術後痛である請求項158記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US75693706P | 2006-01-06 | 2006-01-06 | |
US60/756,937 | 2006-01-06 | ||
US11/650,174 | 2007-01-05 | ||
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PCT/US2007/000529 WO2007081949A2 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2007-01-08 | Small-volume oral transmucosal dosage forms |
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US8778393B2 (en) | 2014-07-15 |
CA2636088A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
CA2636088C (en) | 2017-02-21 |
US20100105735A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
US20100137836A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
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US8778394B2 (en) | 2014-07-15 |
EP3685829A1 (en) | 2020-07-29 |
KR101503074B1 (ko) | 2015-03-18 |
PT3072504T (pt) | 2020-05-06 |
EP1978996A2 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
US8202535B2 (en) | 2012-06-19 |
WO2007081949A3 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
ES2788507T3 (es) | 2020-10-21 |
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