JP2009515513A - 癌を診断し処置するための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
癌を診断し処置するための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は腫瘍学の分野に関し、癌を診断し処置するための新規な組成物および方法を提供する。特に本発明は、癌に対するアンタゴニスト、特に充実性腫瘍の研究、診断、および処置に役立つ受容体融合タンパク質を含む、癌幹細胞マーカーに対するアンタゴニストを提供する。
癌は、先進諸国における主要な死因の1つであって、米国のみで年間500,000例以上の死をもたらす。米国では毎年100万人以上が癌と診断される。また通算して、3人中2人以上が一生のうちになんらかの形の癌を発病するであろうと推測される。200種より多くの様々な種類の癌が存在するが、それらのうちの4つ、すなわち乳房、肺、結腸直腸、および前立腺の癌が、全ての新患の半分以上を占める(Jernal et al., Cancer J. Clin. 53:5-26 (2003)(非特許文献1))。
ある態様では、本発明は、癌幹細胞マーカーを含む可溶性受容体を提供する。ある態様では、可溶性受容体は、癌幹細胞マーカーのリガンドと結合する癌幹細胞マーカーを含む。ある態様では、可溶性受容体は癌幹細胞マーカーを含み、腫瘍細胞の成長を阻害する。ある態様では、可溶性受容体は、ヒトFZD受容体のFriドメインを含む。ある態様では、可溶性受容体は、ヒトFZD受容体のリガンドと結合するヒトFZD受容体のFriドメインを含む。ある態様では、可溶性受容体は、ヒトFZD受容体のFriドメインを含み、腫瘍細胞の成長を阻害する。
定義
本明細書では、用語「アンタゴニスト」を、本明細書に開示する癌幹細胞マーカーの発現または生物活性を部分的にまたは完全に遮断、阻害、あるいは中和する任意の分子を含むように用いるが、そのような生物活性は、腫瘍成長の阻害を非限定的に含む。用語「アンタゴニスト」は、FZD経路の生物活性を部分的にまたは完全に遮断、阻害、または中和する任意の分子を含む。適切なアンタゴニスト分子は、可溶性FZD受容体を含む天然のFZD受容体タンパク質の断片またはアミノ酸配列変異体を非限定的に含む。
本発明は、癌を研究し、診断し、特徴決定し、処置するための組成物および方法を提供する。特に本発明は、充実性腫瘍幹細胞マーカーに対するアンタゴニスト、およびこれらのアンタゴニストを用いてヒト患者中の腫瘍成長を阻害し、癌を処置する方法を提供する。アンタゴニストには、癌幹細胞マーカーを含む可溶性受容体タンパク質が含有される。ある態様では、本発明は、腫瘍細胞の成長を阻害するヒトFZD受容体のFriドメインを含む可溶性受容体を提供する。ある態様では、可溶性受容体は、ヒトFZD4のFriドメインを含む。ある態様では、可溶性受容体は、配列番号:8のアミノ酸配列を含むヒトFZD4のFriドメインを含む。ある態様では、可溶性受容体は、非FZD受容体タンパク質配列にインフレームで連結されたヒトFZD4のFriドメインを含む。ある態様では、可溶性受容体は、ヒトFcにインフレームで連結されたヒトFZD4のFriドメインを含む。ある態様では、可溶性受容体は、ヒトIgG1 Fcにインフレームで連結されたヒトFZD4のFriドメインを含む。ある態様では、可溶性受容体は、配列番号:4に示すアミノ酸配列を含むヒトIgG1Fcにインフレームで連結されたヒトFZD4のFriドメインを含む。
一般的な癌は、短命な成熟細胞を補充する役割を担う成長細胞の部分集団を含む組織で発生する。そのような器官では、細胞成熟は階層化されており、ごくわずかな幹細胞が、より分化した細胞を生じること、および自己再生と呼ばれるプロセスを通じて幹細胞自身を永続させることの両方を行う(Akashi & Weissman, Developmental Biology of Hematopoiesis, Oxford Univ. Press, NY (2001); Spangrude et al., Science 247:58-61 (1988); Baum et al, PNAS 89:2804-2808 (1992); Morrison et al., PNAS 92: 10302-20306 (1995); Morrison et al., Immunity 5:207-216 (1996); Morrison et al., Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol 11:35-71 (1995); Morrison et al, Dev. 124:1929-1939 (1997); Morrison & Weissman, Immunity 1:661 (1994); Morrison et al, Cell 88:287-298 (1997); Uchida et al., PNAS 97:14720-14725 (2000); Morrison et al., Cell 101:499-510 (2000))。ほとんどの組織が幹細胞を含む可能性があるが、希少であるので、その生物学的、分子的および生化学的特性を研究するためにわずか数種の組織においてしか、これらの細胞は厳密に同定および精製されていない。最も良く特徴決定された幹細胞は、造血幹細胞(HSC)と呼ばれる、造血系を生じさせる幹細胞である。骨髄破壊プロトコルに続いて血液リンパ系を再生するための骨髄移植に関するその大規模使用によって、癌治療におけるHSCの有用性は実証されている(Baum et al., Bone Marrow Transplantation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Boston (1994))。癌が発生する組織、および特にそれらの組織中に存在する幹細胞の細胞生物学を理解することによって、癌生物学に対する新しい洞察力が提供されることが約束される。
正常な幹細胞および癌幹細胞は共に、増殖能力および自己再生能力を共有するので、正常な幹細胞の発生を調節する多くの遺伝子が腫瘍形成に寄与することは驚くに当たらない(Reya et al., Nature 414:105-111 (2001) および Taipale & Beachy, Nature 411:349-354 (2001)に概説されている)。本発明は、Wntシグナル伝達経路を癌幹細胞の維持に関連付ける、例えばFZD4、FZD5およびFZD8を含むFzd受容体を、癌幹細胞のマーカーとしておよびこれらの腫瘍形成性細胞の除去によって癌を処置する標的として同定する。
本発明は癌幹細胞マーカーを発現させて、これを分析することにより、癌幹細胞マーカーの発現に関連した疾病を検出、特徴決定、診断、またはモニターすることができる。ある態様では、癌幹細胞マーカーの発現は、例えば癌幹細胞マーカーをコードするmRNAなどのポリヌクレオチド発現によって決定される。ポリヌクレオチドは、当業者に周知の多数の任意の手段により、検出および定量することができる。いくつかの態様では、癌幹細胞マーカーをコードするmRNAは、例えば患者の生検からの組織画分のインサイチューハイブリダイゼーションによって検出される。または、RNAを組織から単離し、例えばノーザンブロット、定量的RT-PCR、またはマイクロアレイによって検出することができる。例えば、全RNAを組織試料から抽出し、RT-PCRを用い、特異的にハイブリダイズして癌幹細胞マーカーを増幅するプライマーを用いて、癌幹細胞マーカーポリヌクレオチドの発現を検出することができる。
本発明の文脈においては、適切なアンタゴニストは、例えば以下の効果の1つまたは複数を有しうる薬剤である:癌幹細胞マーカーの発現の妨害;例えば癌幹細胞マーカーと、そのリガンド、受容体または共受容体との間の相互作用を立体的に阻害することによる、癌幹細胞シグナル伝達経路活性化の妨害;あるいは、癌幹細胞マーカーへの結合および、細胞死のトリガーまたは腫瘍細胞成長の阻害。
本発明は、配列番号:1〜9を含むポリペプチドをコードする単離されたポリヌクレオチドに向けられたものである。本発明のポリヌクレオチドはRNAの形態でもDNAの形態でもよく、DNAは、cDNA、ゲノムDNA、および合成DNAを含むことができる。DNAは二重鎖または一本鎖でよく、一本鎖である場合は、コード鎖または非コード(アンチセンス)鎖でよい。したがって、用語「ポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチド」は、ポリペプチドに対するコード配列のみを含むポリヌクレオチドだけでなく、追加のコード配列および/または非コード配列を含むポリヌクレオチドも包含する。
本発明のポリペプチドは、組換えポリペプチド、天然のポリペプチド、または配列番号:1〜9の配列を有する合成ポリペプチドであり得る。本発明のいくつかのアミノ酸配列を、タンパク質の構造または機能に対する有意な影響なしに変化させることができることが、当技術分野において認められるであろう。そのような配列の相違が意図される場合は、タンパク質上には、活性を決定する重大な領域があるということを覚えておかなければならない。したがって、本発明はさらに、相当な活性を示すポリペプチドの変異、または本明細書で議論したタンパク質部分などのFZDタンパク質の領域を含むポリペプチドの変異を含む。そのような突然変異体には、欠失、挿入、逆位、繰り返し、および型の置換が含まれる。以下に示すように、どのアミノ酸変化が表現型でサイレントである可能性が高いかに関する手引きをBowie, et al., Science 247:1306-1310 (1990)の中に見出すことができる。
本発明はまた、癌幹細胞マーカーを発現している腫瘍形成性細胞の成長を、本明細書に記述した癌幹細胞マーカーのアンタゴニストを用いて阻害する方法を提供する。ある態様では、癌幹細胞マーカーを発現している腫瘍形成性細胞の成長を阻害する方法は、細胞を癌幹細胞マーカーに対するアンタゴニストとインビトロで接触させる工程を含む。例えば、癌幹細胞マーカーを発現する不死化された細胞系統または癌細胞系統を、発現された癌幹細胞マーカーのアンタゴニストを加えた培地で培養して、細胞成長を阻害する。または、患者の試料、例えば組織生検、胸水または血液サンプルなどから腫瘍細胞および/または腫瘍幹細胞を単離し、癌幹細胞マーカーのアンタゴニストを加えた培地中で培養して、細胞成長を阻害する。ある態様では、アンタゴニストは、癌幹細胞マーカータンパク質または癌幹細胞マーカー結合タンパク質(例えば受容体、共受容体、リガンドまたはコリガンド)に特異的に結合する癌幹細胞マーカータンパク質融合体である。例えば、精製された癌幹細胞マーカータンパク質融合体を、単離された癌幹細胞の培地に加えて、細胞成長を阻害する。
本発明はさらに、癌幹細胞マーカーを標的とするアンタゴニスト(例えば抗体)を含む薬学的組成物を提供する。これらの薬学的組成物は、腫瘍細胞成長を阻害およびヒト患者中の癌の処置に用いられる。
本発明のアンタゴニストを用いて、癌幹細胞マーカーの発現および/またはそれに対する細胞の高い反応性によって特徴づけられる様々な症状を処置することができると考えられる。特に、癌幹細胞マーカーに対するアンタゴニスト(例えば抗体)を用いて、腎臓、肝臓、膀胱、乳房、胃、卵巣、結腸、直腸、前立腺、肺、外陰、甲状腺、頭および頸、脳(膠芽腫、星状細胞腫、髄芽細胞腫など)、血液およびリンパ液(白血病およびリンパ腫)の良性および悪性の腫瘍を非限定的に含む成長性障害を処置することが構想される。
さらに他の態様では、本発明は、本明細書に記述された方法を実施するために用いることができるキットを提供する。ある態様では、キットは、1つまたは複数の容器中に、精製された癌幹細胞マーカー可溶性受容体を含む。いくつかの態様では、キットは、すべての対照、分析を行なうための説明書、および結果の分析および呈示に必要な任意のソフトウェアを含めて、検出分析を行なうために必要および/または十分な構成要素のすべてを含む。ある態様では、本発明は、試薬が別々の容器に含まれている区画(compartment)キットを提供する。そのような容器は、試薬を1つの区画から別の区画へ効率的に移すことを可能にし、その結果、試料および試薬は相互に汚染されず、また各容器の薬剤または溶液を定量的な方法で1つの区画から別の区画へ加えることができる。そのような容器には、試験サンプルを受取る容器、本方法で使用する可溶性受容体を含む容器、洗浄剤(リン酸緩衝食塩水、トリス緩衝液など)を含む容器、および結合した抗体またはプローブを検出するために用いる試薬を含む容器が含まれることになろう。当業者は、本発明の開示されたポリヌクレオチド、ポリペプチドおよび抗体を、当技術分野において周知であって確立したキット形式の1つに容易に組み入れることができることを、容易に認識するであろう。
実施例1
FZD Fc可溶性受容体タンパク質の産生およびインビボでの半減期の決定
ヒトFZD受容体のN末端細胞外ドメイン(ECD)の可溶型は、Wntリガンドを結合し、Wnt経路シグナル伝達のアンタゴニストとして働く(He et al.,(1997) Science 275:1652-54; Tanaka et al., (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95:10164-69; Holmen et al., (2002) JBC 277:34727-35; Vincan et al., (2005) Differentiation 73:142-53)。昆虫細胞およびHEK293細胞中での発現用のベクター中で、FZD10、FZD7、FZD5、FZD4またはFZD8の、1) ECDまたは 2) Friドメインを、ヒトB細胞ライブラリーから単離されたヒトIgG1 Fc (配列番号:4) に、インフレームでライゲーションすることにより、可溶性FZD受容体を生成した。標準の組換えDNA技術を用いて、FZD10のおよそ21から227までのアミノ酸(FZD10 ECD.Fc);FZD7のおよそ32から255までのアミノ酸(FZD7 ECD.Fc);FZD5のおよそ27から233までのアミノ酸(FZD5 ECD.Fc);およびFZD4のおよそ37から224までのアミノ酸(FZD4 ECD.Fc)を含む、FZD受容体ECD、ならびにFZD10のおよそ21から154までのアミノ酸(FZD10 Fri.Fc);FZD7のおよそ32から171までのアミノ酸(FZD7 Fri.Fc);FZD5のおよそ27から157までのアミノ酸(FZD5 Fri.Fc);FZD4のおよそ37から170までのアミノ酸(FZD4 Fri.Fc);およびFZD8のおよそ28から158までのアミノ酸(FZD8 Fri.Fc)を含むFZD受容体Friドメインをコードするポリヌクレオチドを単離した。可溶性受容体タンパク質を、プロテインAカラムで精製した。
FZD Fc可溶性受容体タンパク質を評価するためのインビトロ分析
この実施例は、細胞増殖および経路活性化に対するFZD Fc受容体の活性を試験するためのインビトロ分析の方法について記述する。
種々の癌細胞系統によるFZD受容体の発現を、Taqman分析を用いて定量する。FZD受容体を発現することが確認された細胞系統を、96ウエル組織培養マイクロプレートに、ウエル当たり細胞104個の密度でプレートし、24時間増殖させた。続いて、細胞を、さらに12時間、2%のFCSを含む新鮮なDMEM中で培養し、その時点で、可溶性FZD Fc受容体タンパク質および対照タンパク質を10umol/LのBrdUの存在下で培養液に加える。BrdUでラベルした後に、培地を除去し、細胞をエタノール中で30分間室温で固定し、ペルオキシダーゼを抱合したモロクローナル抗BrdU抗体(クローンBMG 6H8、Fab断片)と90分間反応させる。テトラメチルベンジジンを含む溶液中で基質を発色させ、15分間後に、1mol/LのH2SO4 25ulによって止めた。発色反応を、自動ELISAプレートリーダー(UV Microplate Reader; Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, CA)で450nmフィルターを用いて測定した。全ての実験を3重に行なった。FZD Fc可溶性受容体タンパク質の細胞成長を阻害する能力を比較して決定した。
可溶性FZD Fc受容体タンパク質がWntシグナル伝達経路の活性化を妨害する能力を、インビトロで決定する。1つの態様では、抗生物質および10% FCSを補ったDMEM中で培養したHEK293細胞を以下で共トランスフェクションした:1) Wntシグナル伝達経路を活性化するためのWnt7bおよびFZD10発現ベクター;2) 標準Wntシグナル伝達レベルを測定するための、ホタルルシフェラーゼレポーター遺伝子の上流にTCF結合ドメインの3コピーを含む野生型または突然変異型のTCF/Lucレポーターベクター(Gazit et al., 1999, Oncogene 18:5959-66);および 3) トランスフェクション効率の内部対照としてのウミシイタケ(Renilla)ルシフェラーゼレポーター(Promega; Madison, WI)。次に、FZD Fcタンパク質を細胞培養培地に加えた。トランスフェクションの48時間後に、デュアルルシフェラーゼ分析キット(Promega; Madison, WI)を用いてルシフェラーゼレベルを測定し、ホタルルシフェラーゼ活性をウミシイタケルシフェラーゼ活性で規格化した。独立した3つの実験を3重に行った。可溶性FZD10 Fcタンパク質がWnt経路活性化を阻害する能力が、このようにして決定される。
FZD Fc可溶性受容体タンパク質を用いる、腫瘍成長のインビボでの防止
この実施例は、異種移植片モデル中の腫瘍成長を防止するためのFZD Fc可溶性受容体の使用について記述する。
FZD Fc可溶性受容体タンパク質を用いる、腫瘍成長のインビボでの処理
この実施例は、異種移植片モデルの腫瘍を処理するための、FZD Fc可溶性受容体の使用について記述する。
FZD Fc可溶性受容体タンパク質を用いる、腫瘍のインビボでの処理
この実施例は、異種移植片モデル中の癌を処理するためのFZD Fc可溶性受容体の使用について記述する。
FZD Fc可溶性受容体タンパク質を用いるヒト癌の処置
この実施例は、FZD受容体発現が検出されている癌幹細胞および/または腫瘍細胞を含む腫瘍を標的とする、FZD Fc可溶性受容体を用いて癌を処置するための方法について記述する。
Claims (41)
- 腫瘍細胞の成長を阻害するヒトFZD受容体のFriドメインを含む、可溶性受容体。
- ヒトFZD受容体のFriドメインがヒトFZD4のFriドメインを含む、請求項1記載の可溶性受容体。
- ヒトFZD4のFriドメインが、配列番号:8に示すアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項2記載の可溶性受容体。
- ヒトFZD4のFriドメインが、非FZD受容体タンパク質配列にインフレームで連結されている、請求項2記載の可溶性受容体。
- 非FZD受容体タンパク質がヒトFcである、請求項4記載の可溶性受容体。
- ヒトFcが、配列番号:4に示すアミノ酸配列を含むヒトIgG1 Fcである、請求項5記載の可溶性受容体。
- 配列番号:8に示すアミノ酸配列を含むヒトFZD4のFriドメインをコードする核酸配列;および配列番号:4に示すアミノ酸配列を含むヒトIgG1 Fcをコードする核酸配列を含む、可溶性受容体をコードする単離された核酸分子。
- 請求項7記載の核酸分子を含むベクター。
- 核酸分子が、ベクターで形質転換された宿主細胞によって認識される制御配列に機能的に連結されている、請求項8記載のベクター。
- 請求項9記載のベクターを含む、単離された宿主細胞。
- ヒトFZD受容体のFriドメインがヒトFZD5のFriドメインを含む、請求項1記載の可溶性受容体。
- ヒトFZD5のFriドメインが、配列番号:9に示すアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項11記載の可溶性受容体。
- ヒトFZD5のFriドメインが非FZD受容体タンパク質配列にインフレームで連結されている、請求項11記載の可溶性受容体。
- 非FZD受容体タンパク質がヒトFcである、請求項13記載の可溶性受容体。
- ヒトFcが、配列番号:4に示すアミノ酸配列を含むヒトIgG1 Fcである、請求項14記載の可溶性受容体。
- 配列番号:9に示すアミノ酸配列を含むFZD5のFriドメインをコードする核酸配列;および配列番号:4に示すアミノ酸配列を含むヒトIgG1 Fcをコードする核酸配列を含む、可溶性FZD受容体をコードする単離された核酸分子。
- 請求項16記載の核酸分子を含むベクター。
- 核酸分子が、ベクターで形質転換された宿主細胞によって認識される制御配列に機能的に連結されている、請求項17記載のベクター。
- 請求項18記載のベクターを含む、単離された宿主細胞。
- ヒトFZD受容体のFriドメインがヒトFZD8のFriドメインを含む、請求項1記載の可溶性受容体。
- ヒトFZD8のFriドメインが配列番号:7に示すアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項20記載の可溶性受容体。
- ヒトFZD8のFriドメインが非FZD受容体タンパク質配列にインフレームで連結されている、請求項20記載の可溶性FZD受容体。
- 非FZD受容体タンパク質がヒトFcである、請求項22記載の可溶性受容体。
- ヒトFcが、配列番号:4に示すアミノ酸配列を含むヒトIgG1 Fcである、請求項23記載の可溶性受容体。
- 配列番号:7に示すアミノ酸配列を含むFZD8のFriドメインをコードする核酸配列;および配列番号:4に示すアミノ酸配列を含むヒトIgG1 Fcをコードする核酸配列を含む、可溶性FZD受容体をコードする単離された核酸分子。
- 請求項25記載の核酸分子を含むベクター。
- 核酸分子が、ベクターで形質転換された宿主細胞によって認識される制御配列に機能的に連結されている、請求項26記載のベクター。
- 請求項27記載のベクターを含む、単離された宿主細胞。
- 請求項1記載の可溶性受容体を含む薬学的組成物。
- 腫瘍細胞成長を阻害するのに有効な量のヒトFZD受容体のFriドメインを含む可溶性受容体を被検体に投与する工程を含む、それを必要とする被検体において癌を処置する方法。
- ヒトFZD受容体のFriドメインが、ヒトFZD4、FZD5、およびFZD8からなる群より選択されるFriドメインを含む、請求項30記載の方法。
- Friドメインが非FZD受容体タンパク質配列にインフレームで連結されている、請求項31記載の方法。
- 非FZD受容体タンパク質がヒトFcである、請求項32記載の方法。
- ヒトFcが、配列番号:4に示すアミノ酸配列を含むヒトIgG1 Fcである、請求項33記載の方法。
- 可溶性受容体を放射線療法と共に投与する、請求項30記載の方法。
- 可溶性受容体を化学療法と共に投与する、請求項30記載の方法。
- 腫瘍細胞が、乳房腫瘍、結腸直腸腫瘍、肺腫瘍、膵臓腫瘍、前立腺腫瘍、または頭頸部腫瘍に由来する、請求項30記載の方法。
- 配列番号:7、8、および9からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列から本質的に成る、単離された核酸分子。
- 配列番号:7、8、および9からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列に対して少なくとも95%の配列同一性を有するポリヌクレオチド配列から本質的に成る、単離された核酸分子。
- 配列番号:7、8、および9からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列に対して少なくとも95%の配列同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含む、単離されたポリペプチド。
- 請求項1記載の可溶性受容体を含むキット。
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