WO2010038756A1 - Frizzled1、Frizzled2又はFrizzled7細胞外システインリッチドメインを含む蛋白質を含有する骨疾患治療用医薬組成物 - Google Patents
Frizzled1、Frizzled2又はFrizzled7細胞外システインリッチドメインを含む蛋白質を含有する骨疾患治療用医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel use as a therapeutic agent for bone diseases containing a protein containing an extracellular cysteine-rich domain of Frizzled1, Frizzled2, or Frizzled7 known as a Wnt ligand receptor protein, or a variant thereof.
- Non-Patent Documents 1, 2
- Non-patent Documents 3 and 4 it has been revealed that osteoporosis is greatly related to mortality in the elderly. Against this background, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis has become a serious issue to be overcome.
- Osteoporosis in which the bone mass is reduced while maintaining the ratio between bone mass and calcification
- primary osteoporosis and secondary (secondary) osteoporosis the former being traditionally postmenopausal osteoporosis and the elderly
- osteoporosis the latter refers to the pathology of osteoporosis caused by changes in bone metabolism due to other diseases, endocrine, nutritional / metabolic, inflammatory, immobility, drug It is classified according to sex, blood disease, congenital and other diseases.
- endocrine includes hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism, Cushing syndrome, growth hormone deficiency, diabetes, Addison's disease, calcitonin deficiency, etc. , Chronic debilitating disease, illness, severe liver disease (especially primary biliary cirrhosis), gastrectomy, scurvy, malabsorption syndrome (including celiac disease), hypophosphatemia, chronic kidney disease, idiopathic high Ca urine disease, hemochromatosis, amyloidosis, mastocytoma, sodium overdose, calcium intake deficiency, vitamin D, A excess, etc.
- steroids as immunosuppressants are widely used for inflammatory diseases
- Diseases treated with steroids include collagen disease, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, organ transplantation, etc. Bone loss is a serious side effect of this therapy.
- Methotrexate, heparin, warfarin, anti-keiren drugs ⁇ Lithium, tamoxifen, etc.
- Non-patent Document 5 Non-patent Document 5
- osteoarthritis rheumatoid arthritis
- malignant tumors rheumatoid arthritis
- bone diseases associated with renal diseases and the like are listed as bone diseases having a great social impact in addition to primary osteoporosis.
- Osteoarthritis is the most common disease in the musculoskeletal region, and it is said that there are 10 million affected people in Japan, and the number of patients is expected to continue to increase with aging. Severe joint disorders are treated by artificial joint replacement surgery, but there is currently no report of a fundamental treatment method for symptoms with a moderate or lower disease level (Non-patent Document 6).
- Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease mainly composed of polyarthritis, which often involves the destruction of the joints and the deformation of the joint cartilage and bones, which often lead to destruction and deformation of the joints. . It has been reported that treatment with anti-rheumatic drugs (methotrexate) cannot sufficiently suppress the progression of joint destruction, and biological preparations targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ⁇ have a significant effect on joint destruction inhibition It is considered a revolutionary drug. However, there is a concern as an adverse effect that the incidence of opportunistic infection, tuberculosis (extrapulmonary tuberculosis), pneumocystis pneumonia, etc. increases during its use (Non-patent Document 7).
- Examples of bone diseases associated with malignant tumors include hypercalcemia associated with malignant tumors and bone metastases. Hypercalcemia causes anorexia and diuresis, with dehydration and associated renal dysfunction. Bone metastasis is particularly common in patients with breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer. Although bone metastasis itself is rarely fatal, it can cause bone pain, pathologic fractures, nerve paralysis, etc., so it often reduces the patient's quality of life. Control of bone metastasis is clinically important. This is a problem (Non-Patent Document 8). Bisphosphonate preparations are used to treat bone diseases associated with these malignant tumors, but problems due to side effects have been pointed out.
- renal osteodystrophy a pathological condition in which bone is damaged due to renal tissue damage.
- Bone disease in renal dialysis patients is mainly due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Renal bone dystrophy progresses due to increased PTH concentration caused by hyperparathyroidism and insufficient production of, for example, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 7.
- BMP bone morphogenetic protein
- PTH parathyroid hormone
- fibrotic osteoarthritis high bone rotation
- aplastic ossification low bone rotation
- fibrotic osteoarthritis When fibrotic osteoarthritis becomes severe, collagen fibers are irregularly formed, calcified as non-crystalline calcium phosphate, and the formation of coarse fibrous bone (woven bone) increases bone formation, but the bone is easily broken Become.
- the basic treatment for fibrotic osteoarthritis is suppression of parathyroid hormone secretion, with the focus on calcium intake and active vitamin D administration.
- CKD chronic kidney disease
- various controls such as food and water restriction are necessary, and when secondary hyperparathyroidism progresses, hypercalcemia is also a problem.
- CKD chronic kidney disease
- active vitamin D it is necessary to pay close attention to monitoring renal function (serum creatinine level) and serum calcium level.
- Aplastic osteopathy also develops due to long-term continuous use and overdose of active vitamin D preparations or suppression of parathyroid hormone after parathyroidectomy (PTX).
- PTX parathyroid hormone after parathyroidectomy
- Aplastic osteopathy has a higher fracture rate than fibrotic osteoarthritis and induces hypercalcemia and calcification of blood vessels and other soft tissues.
- the pathological condition is a state of low rotation bone in which both bone resorption and bone formation are suppressed, and there is no established treatment method (Non-patent Document 9).
- Hyperphosphatemia and hypercalcemia caused by reduced bone phosphorus and calcium uptake (low turnover bone) and storage ability (high turnover bone) are the causes of ectopic (vascular) calcification It is considered as one of In patients with chronic renal failure, especially dialysis patients, more than 40% of deaths are due to cardiovascular complications, and arteriosclerosis with vascular calcification has attracted attention as an important disease state. Treatment of highly advanced calcified lesions in patients with chronic renal failure is still difficult and has a poor prognosis (Non-patent Document 10).
- osteoarthritis in addition to primary osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumors, bone diseases associated with renal diseases, vascular calcification associated with bone diseases, and development of drugs with fewer side effects are desired. ing.
- Non-patent Document 11 Bone metabolism is thought to be controlled by the balance between the action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and osteoporosis occurs when the action of breaking bone exceeds that of making bone.
- Non-patent Document 11 postmenopausal women have decreased secretion of female hormones that play a role in protecting bones, resulting in decreased osteogenic bone formation and increased osteoclastic bone resorption activity. The possibility of presenting the symptoms is high (Non-patent Documents 12 and 13). For this reason, estrogen preparations have been used, but their use has been shown to increase the risk of thrombosis and breast cancer, and indications are being limited. Further, the use of a selective estrogen receptor modulator has been reported to increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis (Non-patent Document 14).
- calcitonin bisphosphonate, and the like are used as drugs that suppress the bone resorption activity of osteoclasts.
- Calcitonin is known to induce inactivation of osteoclasts by binding to the calcitonin receptor expressed on the surface of osteoclasts. It is clinically used not only for osteoporosis but also for hypercalcemia and bone Paget disease. Applied. However, the effectiveness against the fracture-suppressing effect is not clear, and it has been reported that the receptor expression is down-regulated by administration of calcitonin (Non-patent Documents 14 and 15).
- Bisphosphonates have a strong bone resorption inhibitory effect, and amino group-containing bisphosphonates such as andronate and risedronate are the mainstream therapeutic agents for osteoporosis in Japan. These bisphosphonate preparations inhibit the prenylation of lipid proteins by inhibiting farnesyl diphosphate synthase, thereby suppressing bone resorption function and inducing osteoclast apoptosis (Non-patent Document 16).
- the 2008 FDA issued a warning about severe skeletal, joint, and muscle pain.
- side effects such as jaw osteonecrosis have been reported when used for a long period of time (2 to 3 years or more) after dental treatment (Non-patent Document 17).
- Anti-RANKL antibodies are expected as new bone resorption inhibitors other than the above. Anti-RANKL antibodies are also expected to be used as joint destruction inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and as therapeutic agents for multiple myeloma, and clinical development is underway.
- the report that the RANKL / RANK pathway is important for the survival and maintenance of dendritic cells (Non-Patent Document 18) and that RANK and RANKL-deficient mice cause lymph node dysplasia (Non-Patent Document 19, 20), there is concern about the effect of anti-RANKL antibody preparations on the immune system.
- AMGEN reported an increase in the incidence of some infectious diseases in a clinical trial of an anti-RANKL antibody preparation (denosumab).
- the clinical results of anti-RANKL antibody preparations reported the occurrence of osteonecrosis of the jaw as a side effect, similar to bisphosphonate preparations.
- Intermittent treatment using PTH as the only osteogenesis-promoting agent that activates osteoblasts has been carried out (Eli Lilly, Teriparatide, not approved in Japan), but cortical bone compared to cancellous bone mass increasing activity Since the thickness increasing activity is not so high, it is not different from other therapeutic agents such as bisphosphonate preparations, and therefore, the fracture prevention effect is not so high.
- PTH Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation (Japan) reported side effects such as palpitations, tachycardia, hypotension, etc., and problems such as bone and meat species were observed in long-term administration studies in rats. Is not allowed to be used and is not allowed to be applied to cancer patients, so it suppresses cancer bone metastasis and hypercalcemia caused by cancer (caused by parathyroid hormone-related peptides produced by tumor cells) It is impossible to use PTH for the treatment of paraneoplastic humoral hypercalcemia or local osteolytic hypercalcemia).
- osteoporosis hypercalcemia, bone Paget's disease, bone metastasis suppression, rheumatoid arthritis caused by decreased osteogenic ability of osteoblasts including postmenopausal women and increased bone resorption activity of osteoclasts
- Development of a drug that acts more effectively on destruction suppression and multiple myeloma and has fewer side effects is desired.
- osteomalacia and Kuru disease are known as bone diseases caused by inhibiting only the calcification process unlike osteoporosis.
- Bone is formed when a matrix layer made of collagen or the like is calcified by the deposition of hydroxyapatite, but this calcification is impaired, and the state of increased osteoids is osteomalacia. When it develops, it is called Kur disease.
- Symptoms include bone and joint pain such as limb pain, joint pain, low back pain, back pain, etc., leading to gait disturbance and easy fracture. In the case of children, developmental disorders, deformed limbs such as O-legs, and pigeon breasts are observed.
- vitamin D As a general treatment method, vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus preparations are used in addition to dietary therapy, but surgery is the only coping therapy if there is a strong dysfunction due to deformation. Therefore, it is desired to develop a drug that is more effective against osteomalacia and rickets.
- osteogenesis such as marble bone disease (Non-patent document 21), Paget's disease of bone (Non-patent document 22), Kamrati-Engelmann disease (CED) (Non-patent documents 23, 24), etc. It is known that the balance of bone resorption becomes abnormal, and bone strength is decreased while an increase in bone mass is observed.
- Non-patent Document 25 development of an effective drug that not only increases bone mass but also helps improve bone strength is desired in the treatment of primary osteoporosis and secondary (secondary) osteoporosis.
- Wnt is a secreted glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 40,000 and modified with palmitic acid, and it is thought that 19 types exist in mammals.
- Wnt receptors 10 types of Frizzled, which is a 7-transmembrane receptor, and 2 types, LRP5 / 6, which is a 1-transmembrane receptor have been reported (Non-patent Document 26).
- Frizzled receptor family molecules that are thought to bind Wnt, there is a region called a cysteine-rich domain (CRD) containing 10 conserved cysteines.
- CCD cysteine-rich domain
- CRD includes only the region between the cysteine located on the most N-terminal side and the cysteine located on the most C-terminal side (Non-patent Document 27) and the sequence before and after that CRD (R & D systems).
- CRD takes a homodimer structure (Non-patent Document 28).
- Wnt signals There are at least three types of Wnt signals: canonical-Wnt signaling pathway, non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, PCP (Planar Cell Polarity) pathway via Small G binding protein, and Ca 2+ pathway via trimer G protein.
- Non-patent Document 29 studies related to bone metabolism have the most advanced canonical-Wnt signaling pathway, and Wnt is thought to act to promote bone formation. Therefore, in recent years, attempts have been made to apply it to the treatment of bone diseases by controlling the action of endogenous factors that inhibit this signaling pathway.
- Non-patent Document 30 Sclerostin knockout mice showed a marked increase in bone density (Non-patent Document 31), and the Phase I study of Sclerostin neutralizing antibodies is currently being conducted in the US and Europe (AMG785, Amgen & UCB), and future developments are drawing attention .
- DKK1 Dickkopf-1
- MM myeloma cells
- BHQ880, Novartis neutralizing antibodies
- sFRP soluble frizzled-related protein
- Frizzled7 has been identified as one of the receptors that bind to Wnt ligands and transmit their signals (Non-Patent Documents 35 and 36), and Frizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain (N is the most conserved of 10 conserved cysteines).
- the amino acid sequence of the cysteine located on the terminal side and the region between the cysteine located on the most C-terminal side as CRD) is 100% identical between mouse and human being with no species difference.
- As an action of this molecule involvement in individual development and differentiation (Non-patent Document 37) and involvement in liver cell proliferation (Non-patent Document 38) have been reported.
- Non-Patent Document 39 the expression pattern limited to the crypt base in mouse small intestine and large intestine
- Non-Patent Document 40 expression improvement in various cancer cells
- Non-Patent Document 40 expression in tissues derived from adult mice Expression in each tissue excluding spleen from analysis (brain, eyeball, heart, kidney, liver, lung, testis)
- Non-Patent Document 35 expression analysis in fetal human tissue, tissue excluding brain and liver (lung, The expression in the kidney) is higher than that in the analysis of adult human-derived tissues, with strong expression in the skeletal muscle, slightly strong expression in the heart, weak expression in the brain, placenta and kidney, and tissues in which expression was not detected in the lung, liver,
- the pancreas, spleen, thymus, prostate, testicle, ovary, small intestine, and large intestine have been reported (Non-patent Document 41).
- Frizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain, a solubilized receptor for the Frizzled receptor, is thought to bind to Wnt and inhibit its action, and in the in vitro experimental system, Frizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain (contains 10 conserved cysteines). Cytoplasmic ⁇ -catenin is stabilized by Wnt3a, which is a fusion of Rc (including the region between the N-terminal cysteine and the C-terminal cysteine) Has been reported to inhibit (Non-patent Document 42). Frizzled7 has been attracting attention as a target molecule for tumor treatment because its expression is recognized in cancer cells (Patent Document 2, Non-Patent Document 43).
- colon cancer cells introduced with a vector that expresses the extracellular domain of Frizzled7 were observed to inhibit growth in the Xenograft tumor cell transplantation system compared to colon cancer cells introduced with control vectors (44).
- the possibility as a drug target was suggested.
- Frizzled has 10 types of family molecules as described above, but Frizzled1 and Frizzled2 have been reported as molecules with particularly high primary sequence homology between Frizzled7 and the extracellular cysteine-rich domain (conserved 10 cysteines).
- Non-patent document 22) when only the region sandwiched between the cysteine located on the most N-terminal side and the cysteine located on the most C-terminal side is defined as CRD.
- Frizzled1 and Frizzled2 have been reported to interact with Wnt as well as Frizzled7, and in Frizzled1, it has been reported to interact with Wnt3a to protect the destruction of hippocampal neurons caused by amyloid beta peptide (Non-patent document 45).
- Frizzled1 and Frizzled2 have improved expression levels in colorectal cancer and breast cancer, suggesting an association with canceration, and are attracting attention as target molecules for tumor treatment (Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 46, 47). Furthermore, in Frizzled1, it was reported that no change was observed in the phenotype of the gene-disrupted mouse (Non-patent Document 48).
- the present inventors contrary to the conventional prediction, when a protein containing an extracellular cysteine-rich domain derived from the receptor Frizzled1, Frizzled2, or Frizzled7 is highly expressed in vivo, or Frizzled1, Frizzled2, or It has been found for the first time that when a protein containing an extracellular cysteine-rich domain derived from Frizzled7 is administered in vivo, the protein acts both in an accelerated and specific manner in increasing bone mass and bone strength.
- the inventors of the present invention have produced a mouse that overexpresses a fusion between a protein containing Fizzled1, Frizzled2, or Frizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain and Fc, and a fusion of the protein containing Fizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain and Fc.
- Frizzled1 extracellular cysteine-rich domain-containing protein and Fc fusion results in whitening of the femur, whitening of the sternum, whitening and hardening of the skull, hardening of the vertebrae, and hardening of the ribs.
- Increased maximum load of bone found from bone structure analysis, increased unit bone mass, increased trabecular width, increased number of trabeculae, decreased trabecular spacing, decreased distance between trabecular centers, in cancellous bone region of distal femoral metaphysis It was.
- the present inventors obtained a fusion protein of Fc and a protein containing a Frizzled1, Frizzled2, or Frizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain with a recombinant protein.
- H & E staining shows the tendency of whitening of the femur, whitening of the skull, whitening of the sternum, and thickening of the knots by administering the obtained Frizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain-containing protein and Fc fusion recombinant to mice
- the thickness of the femoral diaphysis wall thickness was found, and from the bone morphometry, the unit bone mass increase in the secondary cancellous bone portion of the tibia metaphysis was found.
- a fusion recombinant protein of Fc and a protein containing the minimal CRD sequence consisting of the amino acid sequence from the 1st cysteine residue on the N-terminal side to the 10th cysteine residue on the C-terminal side of the obtained Frizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain By administration to mice, the maximum load of the femur is increased from bone strength measurement, the unit bone mass of the tibia is increased, the trabecular width is increased, the trabecular number is increased, the trabecular space is decreased, and the distance between the trabecular centers is decreased I found.
- a therapeutic agent for bone disease containing a protein containing Frizzled1, Frizzled2, or Frizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain or a mutant thereof as an active ingredient is associated with a new osteoporosis therapeutic agent, arthritis therapeutic agent or malignant tumor It was shown that it can be provided as a therapeutic agent for bone diseases.
- the present invention includes the following features.
- the protein is a fusion protein of the extracellular cysteine-rich domain or a variant thereof and a mammal-derived immunoglobulin Fc protein or a variant thereof, and a nucleic acid encoding the protein encodes the fusion protein (1)
- the composition according to (1) is a fusion protein of the extracellular cysteine-rich domain or a variant thereof and a mammal-derived immunoglobulin Fc protein or a variant thereof, and a nucleic acid encoding the protein encodes the fusion protein (1).
- composition according to (1) or (2), wherein the protein is chemically modified is chemically modified.
- composition according to (3) wherein the chemical modification is a bond of one or more polyethylene glycol molecules.
- composition according to (3), wherein the chemical modification is a sugar chain bond.
- the extracellular cysteine-rich domain includes at least an amino acid sequence from the first cysteine residue to the 10th cysteine residue on the N-terminal side.
- composition according to any one of (6) to (8), wherein the extracellular region protein comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, 20, 22, 23, or 25.
- the protein comprising the extracellular cysteine-rich domain comprises an amino acid sequence from the first cysteine residue to the 10th cysteine residue on the N-terminal side of SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 24, or SEQ ID NO: 26
- composition according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein the nucleic acid encoding the protein containing the extracellular cysteine-rich domain includes any nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 44 to 49.
- composition according to any one of (2) to (11), wherein the Fc protein comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
- composition according to any one of (2) to (11), wherein the nucleic acid encoding the Fc protein comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3.
- composition according to any one of (2) to (11), wherein the fusion protein comprises any one of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 27 to 31.
- composition of any one of (2) to (11), wherein the nucleic acid encoding the fusion protein comprises any one of the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 38 to 43.
- a method for treating a bone disease comprising administering a composition according to any one of (1) to (17) to a mammal.
- bone mass, bone density and / or bone strength can be increased. Therefore, diseases associated with a decrease in bone mass, bone density and / or bone strength, such as bone diseases caused by osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumors, and various bone diseases or disorders related thereto It becomes possible to treat without causing side effects.
- This figure shows H & E-stained images of femoral pathological sections of 16-week-old USmFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice (right diagram) and control mice (left diagram).
- This figure shows H & E stained images of sternum pathological sections of 16-week-old USmFZD7crd-hFcmhKI chimeric mice (right diagram) and control mice (left diagram).
- This figure shows tibial radiographic images of 16-week-old male ( ⁇ ) USmFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice (lower) and male ( ⁇ ) control mice (upper).
- This figure shows a Western analysis image using serum derived from 16-week-old USmFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric mouse.
- 1266, 1268 Serum sample derived from control chimera mouse
- A3, A6, B8, B17 Serum sample derived from USmFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric mouse
- arrow position of main band specific to serum sample derived from USmFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric mouse.
- This figure shows tibial radiographic images of 16-week-old female ( ⁇ ) USmFZD1crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice (lower) and female ( ⁇ ) control mice (upper).
- This figure shows tibial radiographic images of 16-week-old male ( ⁇ ) USmFZD1crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice (lower) and male ( ⁇ ) control mice (upper).
- This figure shows H & E-stained images of the femoral pathological sections of 16-week-old USmFZD1crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice (right diagram) and control mice (left diagram).
- This figure shows H & E-stained images of pathological sections of femur (50% from proximal end) of 16-week-old USmFZD1crd-hFcmhKI chimeric mice (right figure) and control mice (left figure).
- This figure shows H & E-stained images in the vicinity of the growth plate of femur pathological sections of 16-week-old USmFZD1crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice (right diagram) and control mice (left diagram).
- This figure shows H & E-stained images of sternum pathological sections of 16-week-old USmFZD1crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice (right diagram) and control mice (left diagram).
- This figure shows the mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector.
- This figure shows the mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector.
- This figure shows H & E-stained images of pathological sections of the femur (30% from the proximal end) of 12-week-old UShFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice (right) and control mice (left).
- This figure shows H & E-stained images of pathological sections of the femur (50% from the proximal end) of 12-week-old UShFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice (right) and control mice (left).
- This figure shows H & E-stained images of femoral pathological sections of 12-week-old UShFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice (right diagram) and control mice (left diagram).
- This figure shows H & E stained images of sternum pathological sections of 12-week-old UShFZD7crd-hFcmhKI chimeric mice (right diagram) and control mice (left diagram).
- This figure shows the femurs of the Sham / non-treatment group (upper left), OVX / non-treatment group (lower left), Sham / mFZD7crd-hFcm (upper right) and OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm (lower right).
- a 2D micro CT image (50% from the proximal end) of cortical bone is shown.
- This figure shows H & E-stained images of femoral bone (30% from proximal end) pathological sections of 12-week-old UShFZD1crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice (right) and control mice (left).
- This figure shows H & E-stained images of the femoral bone (50% from the proximal end) pathological sections of 12-week-old UShFZD1crd-hFcmhKI chimeric mice (right) and control mice (left).
- This figure shows H & E-stained images of femoral pathological sections of 12-week-old UShFZD1crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice (right diagram) and control mice (left diagram).
- This figure shows H & E-stained images of sternum pathological sections of 12-week-old UShFZD1crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice (right diagram) and control mice (left diagram).
- This figure shows the mFZD2crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector.
- This figure shows the mFZD7c10-hFcm recombinant expression vector.
- This figure shows three-dimensional micro-CT imaging images of the tibial cancellous bone of mFZD7c10-hFcm recombinant-administered mice (right diagram) and control mice (left diagram).
- the present invention provides an extracellular cysteine-rich domain having an action of increasing bone mass, bone density and / or bone strength derived from a Frizzled receptor selected from the group consisting of Frizzled1, Frizzled2 and Frizzled7 derived from mammals, or A protein comprising a protein having a sequence identity of 85% or more with the amino acid sequence of the domain and having a bone mass, bone density and / or a bone strength increasing action thereof, or a vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding the protein
- a pharmaceutical composition for treating bone diseases is provided.
- the present invention is based on the finding that a fragment containing an extracellular cysteine-rich domain in the extracellular region protein of the Frizzled receptor has a function of increasing bone mass, bone density and / or bone strength in mammals. That is, the present inventors made a mouse expressing Frizzled extracellular cysteine-rich domain from mouse ES cells using the knock-in method, or produced a fusion recombinant of a protein containing Frizzled extracellular cysteine-rich domain and Fc.
- the extracellular cysteine-rich domain of the Frizzled receptor binds to Wnt that is involved in bone formation with the receptor ligand and inhibits the action of the domain. Since it was thought to be, it was not even imagined to be involved in promoting bone growth. In particular, the extracellular cysteine-rich domain of Frizzled7 has been reported to have an effect of suppressing the growth of tumors such as colorectal cancer, and rather has attracted attention as a drug discovery target for cancer treatment.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used for the treatment of bone diseases that increase bone mass, bone density and / or bone strength at bone sites.
- Frizzled receptor is Frizzled1, Frizzled2, or Frizzled7 derived from a mammal. These receptors have particularly high identity among extracellular cysteine-rich domains (hereinafter also referred to as “CRD”) among the 10 Frizzled receptors whose ligand is Wnt.
- CRD extracellular cysteine-rich domains
- the identity of the amino acid sequence from the 1st cysteine residue on the C-terminal side of the CRD of these receptors to the 10th cysteine residue on the C-terminal side is similar to that of Frizzled7 and Frizzled2 in humans and mice. 93% identity between them, 91% identity between Frizzled7 CRD and Frizzled1 CRD.
- the amino acid sequence of this region is identical between human and mouse, and is highly conserved between species. By the way, the identity between the other Frizzled 3-6, 8-10 CRD and Frizzled 7 CRD is as low as 42-56%.
- Frizzled1, Frizzled2, and Frizzled7 can be obtained by accessing NCBI (USA).
- Frizzled7 (also referred to as FZD7) has been isolated from humans, mice, rhesus monkeys, red zelkova, zebrafish, Xenopus, etc., and its sequence information is publicly available.
- the Frizzled7 protein or the nucleic acid encoding the same is not limited to its origin, but is preferably derived from mammals such as primates including humans and rodents including mice. .
- Sequence information of human or mouse-derived Frizzled7 is, for example, human Frizzled7 as accession number NM_003507.1, NP_003498.1, etc.
- mouse Frizzled7 has accession numbers NM_008057.1, NP_032083.1, NM_008057.2, NP_032083.2, NM_008057 .3, NP_032083.3, etc., are registered with GenBank (NCBI, USA).
- amino acid sequences of the extracellular region proteins of human and mouse Frizzled 7 are as follows.
- Frizzled1 (also referred to as FZD1) has been isolated from humans, mice, rats, yellow mosquitoes, Xenopus laevis, etc., and sequence information has been published.
- the Frizzled1 protein or the nucleic acid encoding it is not limited to its origin, but is preferably derived from mammals such as primates including humans and rodents including mice. .
- the sequence information of human or mouse-derived Frizzled1 is, for example, human Frizzled1 as accession numbers NM_003505.1, NP_003496.1, etc. It is registered in GenBank as .3 etc.
- amino acid sequences of the extracellular region proteins of human and mouse Frizzled 1 are as follows.
- Amino acid sequence of extracellular region protein of human Frizzled 1 (SEQ ID NO: 22): QAAGQGPGQGPGPGQQPPPPPQQQQSGQQYNGERGISVPDHGY CQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTIMPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSAELKFFLCSMYAPVCTVLEQALPPCRSLCERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPDTLKCEKFPVHGAGETP TPQH
- Amino acid sequence of the extracellular region protein of mouse Frizzled 1 (SEQ ID NO: 23): QAAGQVSGPGQQAPPPPQPQQSGQYNGERGISIPDHGY CQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTIMPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSAELKFFLCSMYAPVCTVLEQALPPCRSLCERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPDTLKCEKFPVHGAGELC VGQNTSDKGTP
- Frizzled2 (also referred to as FZD2) has been isolated from humans, mice, rats, Xenopus, etc., and sequence information has been released.
- the Frizzled2 protein or the nucleic acid encoding it is not limited to its origin, but is preferably derived from mammals such as primates including humans and rodents including mice. .
- Frizzled2 as accession numbers NM_001466.1, NM_001466.2, NP_001457.1, etc.
- mouse FZD2 as accession numbers NM_020510.1, NM_020510.2, NP_065256.1, etc. Registered in GenBank.
- amino acid sequences of the extracellular region proteins of human and mouse Frizzled 2 are identical and are as follows.
- Amino acid sequence of extracellular region protein of human and mouse Frizzled 2 (SEQ ID NO: 25): QFHGEKGISIPDHGF CQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTIMPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSPELRFFLCSMYAPVCTVLEQAIPPCRSICERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPERLRCEHFPRHGAEQIC VGQNHSEDGAPAL
- the underlined portion is the sequence from the first cysteine residue on the N-terminal side to the 10th cysteine residue on the C-terminal side, and is the minimum region of CRD (SEQ ID NO: 26).
- the ⁇ extracellular cysteine-rich domain '' is the 10th to the 10th cysteine residue from the N-terminal side of the extracellular region protein of the Frizzled receptor selected from the group consisting of Frizzled1, Frizzled2 and Frizzled7 derived from mammals.
- a protein comprising at least an amino acid sequence up to a cysteine residue and having an ability to increase bone mass, bone density and / or bone strength in a mammal.
- the extracellular cysteine-rich domain consists of a minimal CRD sequence from the 1st cysteine residue to the 10th cysteine residue on the N-terminal side of the Frizzled receptor extracellular region protein.
- any foreign sequence may be added to the N-terminal side and / or C-terminal side of the minimal CRD sequence as long as it has the ability to increase bone mass, bone density and / or bone strength. Represents a good thing.
- the “foreign sequence” is a sequence other than a heterologous protein-derived sequence or artificial sequence unrelated to the Frizzled receptor extracellular region protein, or a portion other than the minimal CRD sequence of the heterologous Frizzled receptor extracellular region protein. Derived sequences, and the like.
- the extracellular cysteine-rich domain in the present invention is the amino acid sequence of the extracellular region protein of the Frizzled receptor selected from the group consisting of mammal-derived Frizzled1, Frizzled2, and Frizzled7.
- the extracellular cysteine-rich domain can include any amino acid sequence from the minimum CRD sequence to the maximum CRD sequence of the extracellular region protein of the Frizzled receptor.
- mammals are not limited to the following, but include primates, livestock animals, rodents, ungulates, pet animals, and the like.
- Preferred mammals are humans and mice.
- the amino acid sequence of the extracellular cysteine-rich domain (CRD), in particular, the minimal CRD sequence from the 1st cysteine residue on the N-terminal side to the 10th cysteine residue on the C-terminal side is the same as the human-derived sequence. Important in terms.
- a preferred CRD in the present invention is from the first cysteine residue to the 10th cysteine residue on the N-terminal side of the extracellular region protein of the Frizzled receptor selected from the group consisting of Frizzled7, Frizzled1 and Frizzled2 derived from human or mouse.
- Another CRD preferred in the present invention is the amino acid sequence of an extracellular region protein of a Frizzled receptor selected from the group consisting of Frizzled 7, Frizzled 1 and Frizzled 2 derived from human or mouse (SEQ ID NO: 19, 20, 22, 23 or 25). Having an amino acid sequence containing at least an amino acid sequence from the first cysteine residue to the 10th cysteine residue on the N-terminal side thereof (SEQ ID NO: 21, 24, or 26, respectively), and bone mass in mammals, A protein having the ability to increase bone density and / or bone strength.
- an increase in “bone mass, bone density and / or bone strength” is accompanied by at least an increase in cancellous bone, thickening and proliferation of diaphysis, an increase in maximum load, and the like.
- the extracellular cysteine-rich domain of the present invention includes mutants of the extracellular cysteine-rich domain described in the section ⁇ Extracellular cysteine-rich domain of Frizzled receptor> above.
- Such mutants include both natural mutants and artificial mutants, and substitution or deletion of one or more (preferably one or several) amino acids in the amino acid sequence of the extracellular cysteine-rich domain. Or 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, such as 93% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, or 99% or more. And having the ability to increase bone mass, bone density and / or bone strength.
- the variant is one or more (preferably one or several) amino acids in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21, 24 or 26, or SEQ ID NO: 19, 20, 22, 23, or 25. Including substitutions, deletions or additions, or 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, such as 93% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, or the amino acid sequence, or It contains an amino acid sequence having an identity of 99% or more and has the ability to increase bone mass, bone density and / or bone strength.
- the term “several” usually refers to any integer from 2 to 10. Preferably it is any integer from 2 to 5.
- ⁇ identity '' refers to the alignment of two amino acid sequences (or nucleotide sequences) so that the two amino acid residues (or nucleotide numbers) are maximized. This means the degree of coincidence between sequences when aligned, and is specifically expressed as a percentage (%) of the same number of amino acid residues (or the same number of nucleotides) to the total number of amino acid residues (or the total number of nucleotides). .
- FASTA the number of gaps is also added to the total number of amino acid residues (or the total number of nucleotides).
- Proteins having sequence identity of 80% or more, preferably 85% or more access sequence databases such as NCBI (US) and EMBL (Europe) and use sequence homology search programs such as BLAST and FASTA.
- BLAST divides the sequence into fixed-length words, searches for similar fragments in word units, stretches them in both directions until the degree of similarity is maximized, performs local alignment, and finally combines them to make the final It is a method of performing a general alignment.
- FASTA also searches for fragments of sequences that match consecutively at high speed, performs local alignment by focusing on those fragments that have high similarity, and finally considers these gaps. Is an alignment method.
- Kunkel's method uses a primer containing a DNA encoding an extracellular cysteine-rich domain as a template and a primer (including a complementary mutation sequence) phosphorylated at the 5 'end in advance using T4 DNA polynucleotide kinase. It includes annealing the template, synthesizing DNA, and then ligating the ends with T4 DNA ligase to purify DNA containing the target mutation.
- the mutation includes substitution, deletion, addition, insertion, or a combination thereof.
- the substitution may be either a conservative substitution or a non-conservative substitution, but a conservative substitution is preferable so as not to substantially change the conformation of the extracellular cysteine-rich domain protein.
- Conservative substitutions can be made between amino acids with similar chemical and physical properties such as structural (e.g., branched, aromatic, etc.), electrical (e.g., acidic, basic, etc.), polar or hydrophobic, etc. Refers to the replacement.
- Branched amino acids include valine, leucine and isoleucine.
- Aromatic amino acids include tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, histidine.
- Acidic amino acids include glutamic acid and aspartic acid.
- Basic amino acids include lysine, arginine, and histidine.
- Polar amino acids include serine, threonine, glutamine, asparagine, tyrosine, cysteine, glycine, proline and the like.
- Hydrophobic amino acids include alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine and the like.
- Deletion is the loss of one or more amino acid residues.
- Addition is the attachment of one or more amino acid residues to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the protein.
- Insertion is the joining of one or more amino acid residues inside a protein.
- deletion and insertion can be performed on the assumption that the conformation of the extracellular cysteine-rich domain protein is not substantially changed. Therefore, it is preferably limited to deletion or insertion of about 1 to 5 amino acid residues.
- one of the active ingredients of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a bone mass, bone density and / or bone derived from a Frizzled receptor selected from the group consisting of Frizzled1, Frizzled2 and Frizzled7 derived from a mammal.
- a protein comprising an extracellular cysteine-rich domain having a strength increasing action, or a variant thereof having a sequence identity of 85% or more with the amino acid sequence of the domain and having a bone mass, bone density and / or bone strength increasing action It is.
- the expression “comprising” means that the extracellular cysteine-rich domain or a variant thereof, and a heterologous peptide, polypeptide or protein on the N-terminal or C-terminal side of the domain or the variant thereof, if necessary. It means that they may be linked or fused via an appropriate peptide linker (for example, 1 to 20 amino acids).
- a preferred example of such a heterologous protein is a mammal-derived immunoglobulin Fc protein or a variant thereof.
- the protein originally possessed by the administered mammal is used as the heterologous protein. It may be desirable to do.
- a preferable Fc protein is a human immunoglobulin Fc protein in consideration of use in humans.
- the immunoglobulin class and subclass are not limited to the following, but any of IgG, IgD, IgE, IgM, IgA, IgG1, IgG2, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG2c, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, IgA2, etc.
- the Fc protein can improve the stability of an extracellular cysteine-rich domain or a variant thereof in vivo.
- the Fc protein for example, an organism such as antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) and / or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) activity. It is desirable to reduce the activity in advance, and therefore, it is preferable to introduce a mutation for suppressing, reducing or losing the biological activity as described above.
- a mutation is an amino acid substitution of, for example, 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3 amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence of an Fc protein derived from a mammal, and includes ADCC and Any amino acid substitution that decreases CDC activity, and specifically, can include substitution as exemplified in Example 1 described later.
- a preferred example of the Fc protein is a human IgG1 Fc variant comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
- the binding position of the Fc protein may be either the N-terminal side or the C-terminal side of the extracellular cysteine-rich domain or a variant thereof, but the C-terminal side is preferred.
- Fc fusion protein is a protein containing any one of the amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 27 to 31 below, for example.
- the underlined portion indicates an extracellular cysteine-rich domain protein
- the non-underlined portion indicates a human IgG1 Fc mutant protein.
- SEQ ID NO: 27 (SEQ ID NO: 19 + SEQ ID NO: 4): QPYHGEKGISVPDHGFCQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTILPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSPELRFFLCSMYAPVCTVLDQAIPPCRSLCERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPERLRCENFPVHGAGEICVGQNTSDGSGGPGGGPTAYPTAPYL AEPRSSDKTHTCPPCPAPEAEGAPSVFLFPPKPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCAVSNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSPGK SEQ
- the protein containing the extracellular cysteine-rich domain or a variant thereof does not necessarily need to be bound or fused with a heterologous peptide, polypeptide or protein. That is, the protein in the present invention may be a fragment of the extracellular region protein of the Frizzled 1, 2 or 7 receptor and the fragment containing the extracellular cysteine-rich domain. Such a fragment may contain a mutation as described in the section above ⁇ mutant of extracellular cysteine-rich domain> as long as it has the ability to increase bone mass, bone density and / or bone strength.
- the protein containing the extracellular cysteine-rich domain of the present invention or a variant thereof can be produced by a gene recombination technique commonly used in this industry. Briefly, the protein is prepared by preparing a DNA encoding the protein of the present invention, constructing an expression vector containing this DNA, transforming or transfecting prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells with the vector, Recovering the desired recombinant protein from the cultured cells. Protein purification is performed by appropriately combining conventional protein purification methods such as ammonium sulfate precipitation, organic solvent precipitation, dialysis, electrophoresis, chromatofocusing, gel filtration chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, and HPLC. Is possible.
- conventional protein purification methods such as ammonium sulfate precipitation, organic solvent precipitation, dialysis, electrophoresis, chromatofocusing, gel filtration chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, and HPLC. Is possible
- the protein containing the extracellular cysteine-rich domain or a variant thereof may be chemically modified.
- Chemical modifications include, but are not limited to, for example, glycosylation, PEGylation, acetylation, amidation, phosphorylation and the like. Particularly preferred chemical modifications that can be utilized are glycosylation and pegylation.
- PEGylation is the binding of one or more polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules to amino acid residues such as the N-terminal amino group of proteins and the ⁇ -amino group of lysine (Lys).
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- amino acid residues such as the N-terminal amino group of proteins and the ⁇ -amino group of lysine (Lys).
- a PEG molecule is attached to the free amino group of an amino acid.
- the average molecular weight of PEG is not limited to the following, but can be used in the range of about 3,000 to about 50,000.
- active groups such as carboxyl group, formyl (aldehyde) group, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester group, amino group, thiol group, and maleimide group are introduced into the terminal part of PEG to It can be reacted with a group such as an amino group, a carboxyl group, a thiol group, or a hydroxyl group.
- Glycosylation is the attachment of a carbohydrate chain (ie, sugar chain) to an asparagine, serine or threonine residue of a protein.
- sugar chain binding occurs by recognizing the sequence of Asn-X-Thr / Ser (where X is any amino acid residue other than Pro).
- a sugar chain can be introduced at a position different from the natural type.
- a recombinant protein can be glycosylated by expressing a nucleic acid encoding the recombinant protein in eukaryotic cells (yeast cells, animal cells, plant cells, etc.) by genetic recombination techniques.
- the sugar chain structure is not particularly limited, and it is considered that the sugar chain structure varies depending on the cell type selected for expression.
- human-derived cells yeast cells capable of synthesizing human sugar chains, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and the like can be used.
- yeast cells capable of synthesizing human sugar chains
- Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and the like can be used.
- Acetylation and amidation are preferably carried out mainly at the N-terminus or C-terminus of the protein. These reactions can be performed using, for example, alcohols such as aliphatic alcohols and fatty acids, and carboxylic acids.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety is, for example, about 1 to 20, but it is necessary to satisfy the conditions such as not impairing water solubility and nontoxicity.
- nucleic acids and vectors As an active ingredient of the composition of the present invention, a vector containing a nucleic acid encoding a protein containing the extracellular cysteine-rich domain or a variant thereof is also included.
- nucleic acid includes both DNA and RNA, DNA includes genomic DNA and cDNA, and RNA includes mRNA.
- the nucleic acid in the present invention includes a nucleic acid encoding a protein containing an extracellular cysteine-rich domain or a variant thereof described and specifically exemplified above.
- the nucleic acids include mouse Frizzled 7, Frizzled 1 and Frizzled 2 extracellular region proteins (SEQ ID NO: 20, 23, 25), and human Frizzled 7, Frizzled 1 and Frizzled 2 extracellular region proteins (SEQ ID NO: 19, 22 and 25) includes at least a CRD minimal sequence (SEQ ID NOs: 21, 24 and 26) consisting of an amino acid sequence from the first cysteine residue on the N-terminal side to the 10th cysteine residue on the C-terminal side.
- CRD minimal sequence SEQ ID NOs: 21, 24 and 26
- the nucleic acid in eukaryotic cells and secretion of the expression product to the outside of the cell, it may further include a nucleotide sequence encoding a signal sequence.
- the signal sequence include a signal sequence derived from each Frizzled receptor protein, a signal sequence derived from human CD33, a signal sequence derived from human serum albumin, a signal sequence derived from human preprotrypsin, and the like.
- nucleotide sequences encoding precursors of extracellular region proteins of mouse and human-derived Frizzled 7, Frizzled 1 and Frizzled 2 are illustrated.
- the underlined site indicates a nucleotide sequence encoding a signal sequence
- the non-underlined site indicates a nucleotide sequence encoding a mature sequence of an extracellular region protein.
- heterologous protein is an immunoglobulin Fc protein derived from a mammal, and a human Fc protein is particularly preferable, but it is desirable to introduce a mutation so as to reduce or lose its biological activity (particularly ADCC and CDC).
- SEQ ID NO: 3 shows a nucleotide sequence encoding a mutant human IgG1-derived Fc protein.
- a nucleotide encoding a fusion protein of this mutant human IgG1-derived Fc protein underlined
- a protein containing an extracellular cysteine-rich domain of mouse or human-derived Frizzled 7, 1 or 2 receptor non-underlined
- signal sequences are signal sequences derived from human proteins, such as signal sequences derived from human Frizzled 1, 2 and 7, signal sequences derived from human CD33, signal sequences derived from human serum albumin, signal sequences derived from human preprotrypsin, etc. .
- Nucleic acid homologs encoding the above proteins can be obtained by a well-known technique using primers and probes prepared from cDNAs synthesized from mRNA encoding human or mouse-derived Frizzled 7, 1 and 2 genes. It can be obtained from a cDNA library prepared from a cell or tissue known to express the gene derived from another mammal. Such techniques include PCR methods, hybridization methods (Southern method, Northern method, etc.) and the like.
- the PCR method is a polymerase chain reaction, which comprises a denaturing step (about 94 to 96 ° C., about 30 seconds to 1 minute) for dissociating double-stranded DNA into single strands, using primers as templates. Annealing step (about 55 to 68 ° C, about 30 seconds to 1 minute) for binding to single-stranded DNA, extension step (about 72 ° C, about 30 seconds to about 30 seconds to 1 minute) A cycle consisting of 1 minute) is carried out for about 25 to 40 cycles. Also, before the denaturation step, preheating treatment at about 94 to 95 ° C. for about 5 to 12 minutes can be performed, and after the final cycle of the extension step, an extension reaction can be further performed at 72 ° C.
- PCR is performed with a commercially available thermal cycler in a PCR buffer containing a thermostable DNA polymerase [eg, AmpliTaq Gold (registered trademark) (Applied Biosystems), etc.], MgCl 2 , dNTP (dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP), etc.
- a thermostable DNA polymerase eg, AmpliTaq Gold (registered trademark) (Applied Biosystems), etc.
- MgCl 2 MgCl 2
- dNTP dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP
- sense and antisense primers size: about 17-30b, preferably 20-25b
- template DNA ethidium bromide staining
- Hybridization is a technique for detecting a target nucleic acid by forming a double strand with a labeled probe having a length of about 20 to 100 b or more.
- hybridization can generally be performed under stringent conditions.
- Stringent conditions consist of, for example, about 1-5 ⁇ SSC, room temperature to about 40 ° C. hybridization, and subsequent washing at about 0.1-1 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, about 45-65 ° C.
- 1 ⁇ SSC refers to a solution of 150 mM NaCl, 15 mM Na-citric acid, pH 7.0.
- Such conditions will make it possible to detect nucleic acids with a sequence identity of about 80% or more, preferably 85% or more.
- the nucleic acid is inserted into a vector and used for the production of a protein which is an active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, or the vector itself is formulated and used as a pharmaceutical composition.
- Vectors include, for example, plasmids, phages, viruses and the like.
- plasmids include, but are not limited to, E. coli-derived plasmids (e.g., pRSET, pTZ19R, pBR322, pBR325, pUC118, pUC119, etc.), Bacillus subtilis-derived plasmids (e.g., pUB110, pTP5, etc.), yeast-derived plasmids (e.g., YEp13, YEp24, YCp50 etc.), Ti plasmids, etc.
- examples of phages include lambda phages
- viral vectors include animal virus vectors such as retroviruses, vaccinia viruses, lentiviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, etc. And insect virus vectors such as baculovirus.
- the vector may contain a polylinker or a multiple cloning site for incorporating the target DNA, and may contain several control elements for expressing the DNA.
- the control element includes, for example, a promoter, an enhancer, a poly A addition signal, a replication origin, a selection marker, a ribosome binding sequence, a terminator and the like.
- selectable markers include drug resistance genes (e.g. neomycin resistance gene, ampicillin resistance gene, kanamycin resistance gene, puromycin resistance gene, etc.), auxotrophic complementary genes (e.g. dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene, HIS3 gene, LEU2 gene) , URA3 gene, etc.].
- drug resistance genes e.g. neomycin resistance gene, ampicillin resistance gene, kanamycin resistance gene, puromycin resistance gene, etc.
- auxotrophic complementary genes e.g. dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene, HIS3 gene, LEU2 gene
- the promoter may vary depending on the host cell.
- host cells include, but are not limited to, bacteria such as Escherichia such as E. coli, Bacillus such as Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas such as Pseudomonas putida, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe And yeasts such as Candida and Pichia, animal cells such as CHO, COS, HEK293, NIH3T3 and NS0, insect cells such as Sf9 and Sf21, and plant cells.
- bacteria such as Escherichia such as E. coli
- Bacillus such as Bacillus subtilis
- Pseudomonas such as Pseudomonas putida
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces
- Saccharomyces such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe And yeasts
- yeasts such as Candida and Pichia
- animal cells such as CHO, CO
- bacteria such as Escherichia coli as a host
- a promoter for example trp promoter, lac promoter, P L or P R promoter is exemplified.
- examples of the promoter include gal1 promoter, gal10 promoter, heat shock protein promoter, MF ⁇ 1 promoter, PHO5 promoter, PGK promoter, GAP promoter, ADH promoter, AOX1 promoter and the like.
- promoters include SR ⁇ promoter, SV40 promoter, LTR promoter, CMV promoter, human CMV early gene promoter, adenovirus late promoter, vaccinia virus 7.5K promoter, metallothionein promoter, polyhedron promoter, etc.
- promoters When plant cells are used as hosts, examples of promoters include CaMV promoter and TMV promoter.
- transformation or transfection examples include electroporation method, spheroplast method, lithium acetate method, calcium phosphate method, Agrobacterium method, virus infection method, liposome method, microinjection method, gene gun method, lipofection method, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the transformed host is cultured under culture conditions according to the types of bacteria, yeast, animal cells, and plant cells, and the target protein is recovered from the cells or from the culture solution.
- a medium containing a carbon source, a nitrogen source, inorganic salts and the like that can be assimilated by the microorganism is used.
- carbon sources carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch, organic acids such as acetic acid and propionic acid, alcohols such as ethanol and propanol, as nitrogen sources, ammonia, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium acetate, ammonium phosphate, etc.
- Inorganic acids ammonium salts of organic acids, peptone, meat extract, corn steep liquor, etc., as inorganic substances, potassium phosphate, potassium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, ferrous sulfate, Manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, calcium carbonate and the like are used.
- a DMEM medium, RPMI1640 medium, or the like is used as a basic medium, and a medium to which fetal calf serum (FCS) or the like is added is used.
- FCS fetal calf serum
- the target protein can be recovered by conventional methods for protein purification, such as ammonium sulfate precipitation, organic solvent precipitation, dialysis, electrophoresis, chromatofocusing, gel filtration chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, It can be carried out by HPLC or the like.
- a vector When a vector is used for therapy, it is preferably a vector that is not integrated into the subject's genome and that infects cells but is unable to replicate, such as a non-viral vector.
- vectors include, for example, adeno-associated virus vectors, adenovirus vectors and the like. These vectors can include promoters, enhancers, polyadenylation sites, selectable markers, reporter genes, and the like.
- viral vectors are J. Virol. 67: 5911-5921 (1993), Human Gene Therapy 5: 717-729 (1994), Gene Therapy 1: 51-58 (1994), Human Gene Therapy 5: 793-801 (1994), Gene Therapy 1: 165-169 (1994), etc., or improved vectors thereof.
- an example of a non-viral vector is a human artificial chromosome vector, which is a vector composed of chromosome fragments containing human chromosome-derived centromeres and telomeres.
- the human chromosome fragment is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, the human chromosome 14 fragment, the human chromosome 21 fragment and the like (re-listed 2004/031385, JP 2007-295860, etc.).
- the vector can be administered to the subject.
- the present invention further provides a bone disease treatment comprising, as an active ingredient, a protein containing an extracellular cysteine-rich domain of the Frizzled1, Frizzled2 or Frizzled7 receptor described above or a variant thereof, or a vector containing a nucleic acid encoding the protein.
- a composition is provided.
- the present invention also provides a method for treating a bone disease, comprising administering the composition to a mammal.
- the bone disease is a disease accompanied by a decrease in bone mass, bone density and / or bone strength.
- osteoporosis osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumor ⁇ osteoclastoma, osteosarcoma, multiple occurrences Myeloma
- IL-6 is released by the expanded tumor cells.
- IL-6 also known as osteoclast-activating factor (OAF)
- OAF osteoclast-activating factor
- IL-6 also known as osteoclast-activating factor (OAF)
- OAF osteoclast-activating factor
- IL-6 is involved in multiple myeloma because osteoclasts activated by IL-6 absorb and destroy bone. X-ray of the cut bone appears to have a hole in the bone ("punched-out" resorptive lesions). In addition, bone destruction increases blood calcium concentration, resulting in hypercalcemia and various symptoms resulting therefrom.
- Hypercalcemia Paget's disease of bone, Marble bone disease, Kamrachi-Engmann disease, Arthropathy, Primary hyperthyroidism, Osteopenia, Osteoporosis, Osteomalacia, Kur disease, Traumatic Includes bone diseases resulting from fractures, fatigue fractures, etc., and various bone diseases or disorders associated therewith.
- Osteoporosis includes primary osteoporosis and secondary (secondary) osteoporosis.
- primary osteoporosis include postmenopausal osteoporosis and senile osteoporosis
- secondary (secondary) osteoporosis causes include E.g.
- endocrine hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism, Cushing syndrome, growth hormone deficiency, diabetes, Addison's disease, calcitonin deficiency, etc.
- nutritional / metabolic nutritional / metabolic [chronic debilitating disease, Ruizosis, severe liver disease (especially primary biliary cirrhosis), gastrectomy, scurvy, malabsorption syndrome (including celiac disease), hypophosphatemia, chronic kidney disease, idiopathic hypercalciuria, hemochroma Tosis, amyloidosis, mastocytoma, sodium overdose, calcium intake deficiency, vitamin D, A excess, etc.], inflammatory [rheumatoid arthritis, paraarticularity (increase bone resorption by inflammatory cytokines), Coidosis, etc.], immobility (systemic, bed rest, paralysis, locality, after fracture, etc.), drug-related [steroids (used widely in inflammatory diseases as immuno
- the bone disease includes a bone disease caused by inhibition of only the calcification process, and examples thereof include curse disease.
- composition of the present invention When the composition of the present invention is administered to a mammal having a bone disease, preferably a mammal having a disease accompanied by a decrease in bone mass, bone density and / or bone strength, Increases bone mass, bone density and / or bone strength, thereby enabling at least cancellous bone growth, thickening and proliferation of diaphysis, and the like.
- This composition has the surprising advantage that it is specific to the bone and therefore causes little or no side effects on other tissues.
- the form (namely, preparation) of the composition of the present invention is not limited, and includes both oral preparations and parenteral preparations.
- the preparation may contain other therapeutic agents for bone diseases in addition to the active ingredient of the present invention.
- therapeutic agents include, but are not limited to, calcium preparations (calcium L-aspartate, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate, etc.), active vitamin D 3 preparations (alpha-calcidol, calcitriol, etc.) , Female hormone drugs (estriol, conjugated estrogens, etc.), calcitonin preparations (salmon calcitonin, elcatonin, etc.), vitamin K preparations (menatetrenone, etc.), bisphosphonate preparations (etidronate disodium, alendronate sodium hydrate, risedronate Sodium hydrate, etc.), selective estrogen receptor modulators (such as raloxifene hydrochloride), ipriflavone, or anti-RANKL antibody.
- calcium preparations calcium preparations (calcium
- the other therapeutic agents described above can be administered to a mammal in combination with the composition of the present invention at the same time or sequentially in accordance with the treatment plan of the attending physician.
- “continuously” means that another therapeutic agent may be administered after the composition of the present invention is administered, or the composition of the present invention is administered after the other therapeutic agent is administered. This means that the product may be administered, and that there is a time lag in the administration timing of both drugs.
- the term “simultaneously” means that the composition of the present invention and another therapeutic agent are administered at the same time. In this case, the composition of the present invention contains another therapeutic agent to form one preparation. It may be configured.
- parenteral preparations including but not limited to intravenous preparations, intramuscular preparations, intraperitoneal preparations, subcutaneous preparations, topical preparations and the like.
- Topical administration includes direct administration to the affected area such as skull, femur, sternum, vertebra, rib, etc., including active ingredients in artificial bone components such as hydroxyapatite. You may administer as a transplanted preparation made into the form. Examples of the preparation for parenteral administration include injections, drops, suppositories, transdermal absorption agents, liposomes, nanoparticle-encapsulated preparations, and the like.
- Oral preparations include, for example, tablets, pills, granules, capsules, powders, solutions, suspensions, delayed release preparations, enteric preparations and the like.
- the composition can contain pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, carriers such as diluents, and additives.
- Carriers include, for example, physiological saline, glycerol, ethanol, almond oil, vegetable oil, sucrose, starch, lactose and the like.
- Additives include, for example, binders (for example, pregelatinized corn starch, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc.), lubricants (for example, magnesium stearate, talc, silica, etc.), dispersants (for example, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cornstarch, etc.) ), Suspension (e.g. talc, gum arabic etc.), emulsifier (e.g. lecithin, gum arabic etc.), disintegrant (potato starch, sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone etc.), buffer (e.g.
- antioxidants e.g., ascorbic acid, tocopherol, etc.
- preservatives e.g., sorbic acid, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, etc.
- isotonic agents e.g. For example, sodium chloride etc.
- stabilizers e.g glycerol etc.
- enteric preparations for example, polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer, methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate copolymer, hydroxypropyl acetate succinate are used.
- the dosage of the pharmaceutical preparation should be appropriately determined according to the age, sex, weight, symptom, route of administration, etc. of the patient, and is not limited to the following, but for example, about 0.1 ⁇ g / kg to 100 mg / day for an adult. in the range of kg, preferably in the range of about 1 ⁇ g / kg to 10 mg / kg.
- the preparation may be administered every day during the treatment, or at intervals such as several days, two weeks, or one month.
- Another active ingredient of the present invention is a vector containing a nucleic acid encoding an extracellular cysteine-rich domain protein of a Frizzled 7, Frizzled 1 or Frizzled 2 receptor or a variant thereof.
- this vector can be performed in the same manner as the technique or technique used in gene therapy.
- the vector may be administered directly to the subject (in-vivo method) or introduced into cells collected from the subject and selected for transformed cells expressing the desired Frizzled extracellular cysteine-rich domain.
- Cells may be administered to a subject (ex vivo method).
- Gene delivery methods that can be used to administer the vector to the tissue or cell of interest include colloidal dispersion systems, liposome-derived systems, artificial virus envelopes, and the like.
- the delivery system can use macromolecular complexes, nanocapsules, microspheres, beads, oil-in-water emulsions, micelles, mixed micelles, liposomes, and the like.
- Direct administration of the vector can be performed, for example, by intravenous injection (including infusion), intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection, or the like.
- vector introduction (transformation) of a vector can be performed using a general gene introduction method such as a calcium phosphate method, a DEAE dextran method, an electroporation method, or a lipofection method.
- the amount of the vector or transformant to be used varies depending on the administration route, the number of administrations, and the type of the subject, but can be appropriately determined using a method conventional in the art.
- Frizzled extracellular cysteine-rich domain knock-in mice ⁇ Production of Frizzled extracellular cysteine-rich domain knock-in mice> The present invention has been discovered through a B cell-specific expression knock-in chimeric mouse for analyzing the in vivo function of the extracellular cysteine-rich domain of Frizzled7, Frizzled1, or Frizzled2 receptor and a method for producing the same.
- Frizzled7, Frizzled1, or Frizzled2 extracellular cysteine-rich domain knock-in chimeric mouse preferably Frizzled7, Frizzled1, or Frizzled2 extracellular cysteine-rich domain and Fc fusion-expressing knock-in chimeric mouse, for example, established methods (International Publication No. WO2006 / 78072).
- the secretory signal sequence of Frizzled7, Frizzled1, or Frizzled2 is replaced with the secretory signal sequence of the mouse Ig ⁇ gene.
- the 72nd from the N-terminus of human Frizzle1 extracellular cysteine-rich domain protein (SEQ ID NO: 16) The region up to alanine, and also the mouse Frizzled1 extracellular system
- knocking in a fusion of human or mouse Frizzled2 extracellular cysteine-rich domain and Fc replace the region from the N-terminus to the 28th alanine of mouse Frizzled2 extracellular cysteine-rich domain protein (SEQ ID NO: 59) It is preferable.
- Frizzled2 since the amino acid sequence of the cysteine-rich domain is the same in both human and mouse, either human or mouse amino acid sequence may be used.
- Fc variant hFcm
- ADCC ADCC and CDC activity-reduced type.
- Example 14 which will be described later, a human Frizzled 7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain knock-in chimeric mouse-specific phenotype compared to the control chimeric mouse, the white of the femur from Examples 14 (14-2) and (14-5) , Whitening of the sternum, whitening and hardening of the skull, hardening of the ribs, increased maximum load of the femur from Example 14 (14-3), distal femur of the femur from Example 14 (14-4) Pathological section in which the unit bone mass increase, trabecular width increase, trabecular number increase, trabecular space decrease, trabecular center distance decrease in the cancellous bone region at the end were H & E stained from Example 14 (14-6) From these observations, an increase in the cancellous bone of the femur, an increase in the thickness of the femoral shaft wall, and an increase in the cancellous bone of the sternum were observed.
- Example 16-16-4 From 16 (16-2-4), the increase in the calcification rate, calcification surface, and bone formation rate of the tibia, and the increase in the maximum load of the femur from Example 16 (16-3), Example 16 (16-4 ), Increased unit bone mass, increased trabecular width, increased trabecular number, decreased trabecular spacing, and decreased trabecular center distance in the cancellous bone region at the distal end of the femur.
- Example 10 As a phenotype specific to Frizzled2 extracellular cysteine-rich domain knock-in chimeric mice, whitening of the femur, whitening of the sternum, and skull of the skull from Example 10 (10-1) From the observation of pathological sections where whitening and hardening, hardening of the vertebrae and hardening of the ribs were H & E stained from Example 10 (10-2), thickening of the diaphyseal wall thickness of the femur was found in Example 19 (19-4).
- Example 19-4-5 More tibia unit bone mass increase than Example 19 (19-4-4), tibia calcification rate, calcification surface, and bone formation rate increase from Example 19-4-5
- the decrease in the number of bone cells / osteoclast surface increased the maximum load of the femur from Example 19 (19-5), in the cancellous bone region at the distal end of the distal femur from Example 19 (19-6).
- Increases in unit bone mass, trabecular width, trabecular number, trabecular spacing, and trabecular center distance were observed.
- Frizzled7, Frizzled1, or Frizzled2 extracellular cysteine-rich domain knock-in mice or Frizzled7, Frizzled1, or Frizzled2 extracellular cysteine-rich domain and hFcm fusion knock-in chimeric mice, for example, established methods (International Publication No.WO2006 / 78072). Whether or not the inserted nucleic acid (Frizzled7, Frizzled1, or Frizzled2 extracellular cysteine-rich domain or Frizzled7, Frizzled1, or Frizzled2 extracellular cysteine-rich domain and hFcm fusion) is expressed in knock-in ES cell-derived cells.
- RT-PCR method using RNA derived from the cell, Northern blotting, etc.Frizzled7, Frizzled1, or Frizzled2 Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) using antibodies against extracellular cysteine-rich domain or hFcm, Western blotting, etc. Can be detected.
- ELISA Frizzled1 Enzyme immunoassay
- Frizzled7, Frizzled1, or Frizzled2 is denoted as FZD7, FZD1, or FZD2, respectively.
- SEQ ID NO murine FZD7 signal sequence in 1, CRD (c ystein- r ich- d omain), 7 -transmembrane regions CRD each downstream region from GenBank accession number including NM_008057.2, NP_032083.2 information Based on the underline, the underline, and the double underline.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 The amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1 (572 amino acids, SEQ ID NO: 2) is shown below.
- SEQ ID NO: 2 The cDNA sequence and amino acid sequence of human IgG1-derived Fc variant (hFcm) are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 3 and 4, respectively.
- Known information (Tawara, T., et al., J. Immunology, 180, 2294-2298 (2008); Gross, JA, et al., Immunity, 15, 289-302 (2001); International Publication No. WO02 / 094852 pamphlet)
- the cDNA and amino acid sequence portion mutated to change to an ADCC activity-reduced type and the amino acid portion before and after the mutation are described from the N-terminal side.
- ⁇ A, L ⁇ E, G ⁇ A are double underlined, and the cDNA and amino acid sequence portion mutated to change to a CDC activity-reduced type (indicate the amino acid sequence before and after mutation.
- K ⁇ A, P ⁇ The linker sequence (including the SfoI recognition sequence) added to the 5 ′ end of the original human IgG1-derived Fc sequence for binding with S) is surrounded by a box and bound to the C-terminal amino acid of the extracellular cysteine-rich domain of FZD7.
- SEQ ID NO: 3 The amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 3 (233 amino acids, SEQ ID NO: 4) is shown below.
- SEQ ID NO: 4 The following is a polynucleotide sequence from the start codon to the stop codon of the pUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KI vector expression unit [SEQ ID NO: 5: The mouse FZD7 signal sequence was replaced with the mouse Ig ⁇ signal sequence (underlined) containing the intron region, It consists of 1462 bp containing mouse FZD7crd-hFcm sequence downstream. The boxed portion indicates the mouse Frizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain, the double-line portion indicates hFcm], and the amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 6: 406 amino acids.
- the underlined portion indicates the mouse Ig ⁇ signal sequence, the boxed line. Indicates the mouse Frizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain, and the double underlined portion indicates hFcm).
- Mouse Ig ⁇ signal sequence information including the intron region was obtained from the UCSC mouse genome database based on MUSIGKVR1 (accession number K02159) obtained from GenBank.
- SEQ ID NO: 5 SEQ ID NO: 6 USmFZD7crd-hFcm KI expressing a fusion of a mouse Frizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain and human Fcm in a B cell-specific manner using the pUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KI vector according to the method described in the examples of the pamphlet of International Publication No.WO2006 / 78072 Chimeric mice were created.
- control chimera mouse individuals used in the following Examples 2, 13, 14, 16, 17, and 19 were prepared according to the method described in the examples of International Publication No. WO2006 / 78072.
- the obtained X-ray photograph image of the tibia was whiter in the USmFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric mouse than in the control mouse in both males and females.
- Serum biochemistry (LDH activity, GOT activity, GPT activity, CK activity, ALP activity, AMY activity, LAP activity, LIP activity, T-CHO concentration, F-CHO concentration, LDL using Hitachi 7180 (Hitachi Science Systems, Ltd.) -CHO concentration, HDL-CHO concentration, TG concentration, PL concentration, GLU concentration, GA%, UA concentration, BUN concentration, CREA concentration, T-BIL concentration, D-BIL concentration, TP concentration, ALB concentration, A / G ratio , IP concentration, Ca concentration, Mg concentration, Na concentration, K concentration, Cl concentration, Fe concentration, UIBC concentration, TIBC concentration) analysis.
- the value obtained with the USmFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric mouse did not show a significant change compared to the control.
- Anti-Human IgG ( ⁇ -Chain Specific, SIGMA, product number: I3382) was immobilized to measure the serum concentration of the fusion of FZD7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain and human Fc variant by ELISA An evaluation sample or a control sample (Recombinant Mouse Frizzled-7 / Fc Chimera, R & D systems, product number: 198-FZ) is added to a 96-well plate (Corning, Maxi Soap), and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature.
- the average concentration of 14 females was 201.7 ⁇ g / mL
- the average concentration of 6 males was 168.4 ⁇ g / mL.
- the results of measurement using serum from control individuals detected all 5 females and 1 male. It was below the limit.
- SEQ ID NO: 7 The amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 7 (574 amino acids, SEQ ID NO: 8) is shown below.
- SEQ ID NO: 8 The following is a polynucleotide sequence from the start codon to the stop codon of the pUShFZD7crd-hFcm KI vector expression unit [SEQ ID NO: 9: human FZD7 signal sequence was replaced with a mouse Ig ⁇ signal sequence (underlined) containing an intron region, It consists of 1462 bp containing the human FZD7crd-hFcm sequence downstream. The boxed portion indicates the human Frizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain, the double underlined portion indicates hFcm], and the amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 10: 406 amino acids.
- the underlined portion is the mouse Ig ⁇ signal sequence, the boxed line. Indicates the human Frizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain, and the double underlined portion indicates hFcm).
- Mouse Ig ⁇ signal sequence information including the intron region was obtained from the UCSC mouse genome database based on MUSIGKVR1 (accession number K02159) obtained from GenBank.
- SEQ ID NO: 9 SEQ ID NO: 10 UShFZD7crd-hFcm KI expressing a fusion of human Frizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain and human Fcm in a B cell-specific manner using the pUShFZD7crd-hFcm KI vector according to the method described in the examples of the pamphlet of International Publication No.WO2006 / 78072 Chimeric mice are produced.
- control chimeric mouse individual into which no foreign cDNA expression unit has been inserted follows the method described in the Examples of International Publication No. WO2006 / 78072.
- SEQ ID NO: 11 The amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 11 (642 amino acids, SEQ ID NO: 12) is shown below.
- SEQ ID NO: 12 The following is a polynucleotide sequence from the start codon to the stop codon of the pUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KI vector expression unit [SEQ ID NO: 13: The mouse FZD1 signal sequence was replaced with the mouse Ig ⁇ signal sequence (underlined) containing the intron region, It consists of 1534 bp containing mouse FZD1crd-hFcm sequence downstream.
- the boxed portion is the mouse Frizzled1 extracellular cysteine-rich domain, the double underlined portion indicates hFcm], and the amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 14: 430 amino acids, the underlined portion is the mouse Ig ⁇ signal sequence, the boxed line Indicates the mouse Frizzled1 extracellular cysteine-rich domain, and the double underlined portion indicates hFcm).
- Mouse Ig ⁇ signal sequence information including the intron region was obtained from the UCSC mouse genome database based on MUSIGKVR1 (accession number K02159) obtained from GenBank.
- SEQ ID NO: 13 SEQ ID NO: 14 USmFZD1crd-hFcm KI expressing a fusion of a mouse Frizzled1 extracellular cysteine-rich domain and human Fcm in a B cell-specific manner using the pUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KI vector according to the method described in the examples of the pamphlet of International Publication No.WO2006 / 78072 Chimeric mice are produced.
- control chimera mouse individual used in Example 5 below was prepared according to the method described in the examples of the pamphlet of International Publication No. WO2006 / 78072.
- the obtained X-ray photograph image of the tibia was whiter in the USmFZD1crd-hFcm KI chimeric mouse than in the control mouse in both males and females.
- Anti-Human IgG ( ⁇ -Chain Specific, SIGMA, product number: I3382) was immobilized to measure the serum concentration of the fusion of FZD1 extracellular cysteine-rich domain and human Fc variant by ELISA Evaluation sample or control sample (Recombinant Mouse ⁇ ⁇ Frizzled-7 / Fc Chimera, R & D ⁇ systems, product number: 198-FZ, Note: This measurement system is an antibody sandwich that recognizes the Fc portion. Since it is an ELISA system, for convenience, Mouse-Frizzled-7 / Fc-Chimera was used as a control sample.
- the washing operation was performed three times with-), and the peroxidase-labeled antibody Ant-Human IgG (Fc fragment) Peroxidase conjugate developed in Goat (SIGMA, product number: A0170) was added and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. Then, after washing with T-PBS (-) 4 times, color was developed using Sumilon peroxidase coloring kit (Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., product number: ML-1120T), and the absorbance was measured by measuring the absorbance at 450 nm. Medium concentration was measured.
- the average concentration of 17 females was 298.4 ⁇ g / mL
- the average concentration of 3 males was 308.8 ⁇ g / mL (both values are reference values). All males were below the detection limit.
- SEQ ID NO: 15 The amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 15 (574 amino acids, SEQ ID NO: 16) is shown below.
- SEQ ID NO: 16 The following is a polynucleotide sequence from the start codon to the stop codon of the pUShFZD1crd-hFcm KI vector expression unit [SEQ ID NO: 17: human FZD1 signal sequence is replaced with a mouse Ig ⁇ signal sequence (underlined portion) containing an intron region, It consists of 1546 bp containing the human FZD1crd-hFcm sequence downstream. The boxed portion is the human Frizzled1 extracellular cysteine-rich domain, the double underlined portion indicates hFcm], and the amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 18: 434 amino acids.
- the underlined portion is the mouse Ig ⁇ signal sequence, the boxed line Indicates the human Frizzled1 extracellular cysteine-rich domain, and the double underlined portion indicates hFcm).
- Mouse Ig ⁇ signal sequence information including the intron region was obtained from the UCSC mouse genome database based on MUSIGKVR1 (accession number K02159) obtained from GenBank.
- SEQ ID NO: 17 SEQ ID NO: 18 UShFZD1crd-hFcm KI expressing a fusion of human Frizzled1 extracellular cysteine-rich domain and human Fcm in a B cell-specific manner using the pUShFZD1crd-hFcm KI vector according to the method described in the examples of the pamphlet of International Publication No.WO2006 / 78072 Chimeric mice are produced.
- control chimeric mouse individual into which no foreign cDNA expression unit has been inserted follows the method described in the Examples of International Publication No. WO2006 / 78072.
- mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant 7-1 Construction of mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector 7-1-1.Construction of pLN1V5 vector Sense oligo DNA (V5S) with BamHI / NheI / SalI site at the 5 ′ end and XhoI site at the 3 ′ end (V5 tag + Stop codon) and its antisense oligo DNA ( V5AS) was synthesized.
- V5S GATCCGCTAGCGTCGACGGTAAGCCTATCCCTAACCCTCTCCTCGGTCTCGATTCTACGTGAC (SEQ ID NO: 50)
- V5AS TCGAGTCACGTAGAATCGAGACCGAGGAGAGGGTTAGGGATAGGCTTACCGTCGACGCTAGCG (SEQ ID NO: 51)
- the synthetic oligo DNA was introduced into the BamHI-XhoI site on the pLN1 vector described in the report by Kakeda et al. [Gene Ther., 12, 852-856 (2005)] to construct a pLN1V5 vector.
- the resulting 594 bp amplified fragment was separated and recovered on a 0.8% gel. did.
- the amplified fragment (BamHI mFZD7crd hFcm) was recovered from the recovered gel using QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (Qiagen, Japan) according to the package insert.
- a reaction solution was prepared according to the package insert using Prime® STAR® HS® DNA® Polymerase (Takara Bio Inc., Japan), 10 ⁇ mol each of the primers of SEQ ID NOs: 54 and 55 in a 50 ⁇ l reaction solution, hFcm® cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 3) was added, and kept at 98 ° C for 1 minute, then amplified for 20 cycles with 98 ° C for 10 seconds, 57 ° C for 5 seconds, and 72 ° C for 2 minutes as one cycle, and the resulting 712 bp amplified fragment was obtained on a 0.8% gel. Separated and recovered. The amplified fragment (hFcm SalI) was recovered from the recovered gel using QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (Qiagen, Japan) according to the package insert.
- Example 7-1-3 Construction of mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector
- the PCR-amplified fragment recovered in Example 7-1-2 was enzymatically digested with BamHI and SalI (Roche Diagnostics, Japan). And separated and collected on a 0.8% agarose gel.
- the enzyme-treated fragment was recovered from the recovered gel using a QIAquick Gel Extraction Extraction Kit (Qiagen, Japan) according to the package insert.
- the obtained enzyme-treated fragment was introduced into the BamHI / SalI site of the pLN1V5 vector prepared in Example 7-1-1 to construct an mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector (FIG. 12).
- the underlined portion indicates the signal sequence portion of mouse FZD7.
- SEQ ID NO: 56 ATGCGGGGCCCCGGCACGGCGGCGTCGCACTCGCCCCTGGGCCTCTGCGCCCTGGTGCTTGCTCTTCTGTGCGCGCTGCCCACGGACACCCGGGCT SEQ ID NO: 57: MRGPGTAASHSPLGLCALVLALLCALPTDTRA QPYHGEKGISVPDHGFCQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTILPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSPELRFFLCSMYAPVCTVLDQAIPPCRSLCERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPERLRCENFPVHGAGEICVGQNTSDGSGGAGGSPTAYPTAPYLAEPRSSDKTHTCPPCPAPEAEGAPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCAVSNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKN
- Transient expression of mFZD7crd-hFcm using mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector 7-2-1 Preparation of expression vector for gene introduction
- the mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector obtained in Example 7-1-3 was introduced into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ , and DNA was purified from the resulting transformant using a plasmid purification kit. (Qiagen plasmid Maxi kit, Qiagen, Japan).
- Each solution containing 33.7 mL of Opti-MEM I Reduced Serum Medium was prepared and incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes. After the incubation, these two solutions were mixed and further incubated at room temperature for about 30 minutes. Thereafter, the expression vector treated by the above method was added to a medium containing 1 ⁇ 10 9 cells / L of Free style 293F cells and cultured for 3 days.
- the composition of the acidic buffer used was citric acid monohydrate (Nacalai Tesque, Japan) 3.895 g, trisodium citrate (Japan Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 0.38 g Sodium chloride (Japan Pure Chemical Co., Ltd.) 2.92g was dissolved in water to make 1L.
- the composition of the neutralization buffer used was sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Kanto Chemical Co., Japan) 13.1 g and disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (Japan Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 41.5 Dissolve g in water to make 1L.
- the pretreated 1 L culture supernatant was applied to a ProteinG column (Hi Trap ProteinG HP 5 mL, GE Healthcare Bioscience, Japan) equilibrated with PBS. Thereafter, the column was washed with 25 mL or more of PBS, then washed with 25 mL or more of a buffer prepared by adding NaCl to PBS to adjust the NaCl concentration to 1.85 M, and the column was washed again with 30 mL PBS. After completion of the washing operation, 25 mL of acidic buffer was added to the column to recover the target protein. The target protein was neutralized using a neutralization buffer immediately after recovery. For the separation and purification operation, AKTAexplorer10s (GE Healthcare Sakai Bioscience Co., Ltd., Japan) was used. Endotoxin removal treatment was performed before use.
- AKTAexplorer10s GE Healthcare Sakai Bioscience Co., Ltd., Japan
- mice 8-1 Analysis of mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant mice 8-1. Administration to mice In order to evaluate physiological effects on bone tissue by the mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant, administration experiments to mice were performed.
- the mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant is a protein containing the human antibody Fc region
- the activity of the mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant may be suppressed when neutralizing antibodies are produced in vivo by administration. It was. For this reason, completely human antibody-producing mice (Patent Document; Patent No. 3523245) were used in the administration experiments for the purpose of reducing the risk of neutralizing antibody production.
- mice in which human antibody production in blood was confirmed After introducing and acclimatizing the mouse at 3 weeks of age, 1 ⁇ l of blood was collected from the tail vein at 4 weeks of age, and anti-human IgG ( ⁇ -chain specific) goat antibody (Sigma-Aldrich Japan, Inc., Japan, product number: I3382) was immobilized on a 96-well plate (Nunc Immunoplate II 96 Maxi Soap 442404, Japan Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd.), and human IgG in the blood was solidified and then anti-human IgG (Fc fragment ) ELISA method in which peroxidase-labeled goat antibody (Sigma-Aldrich Japan, Japan, product number: A0170) is used as a detection antibody and developed with Sumilon peroxidase coloring kit T (Japan Sumitomo Bakelite Co., product number: ML-1120T) was used to measure human antibody production in mouse blood. For mice in which human antibody production in blood was confirmed, grouping
- mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant was prepared in PBS to a protein concentration of 5 mg / mL, 200 ⁇ L for each individual, a total of 7 times, once every 10 days, It was administered via the tail vein.
- an untreated group in which no administration was performed was set. The initial administration day was set to Day 0, and a total of 7 tail vein administrations were carried out every 10 days until Day 60, and then mice were subjected to necropsy on Day 68.
- Bone Morphology Measurement At autopsy, tibia tissue was collected, non-decalcified slices of tibia were prepared, and toluidine blue staining was performed. The tibial sample was embedded in advance with GMA (Glycolmethacrylate) resin in order to prepare a sliced specimen. The unit bone mass BV / TV, which is a structural parameter, was measured for the metaphyseal secondary cancellous bone portion of the obtained non-demineralized sliced specimen.
- GMA Gelmethacrylate
- mouse FZD2 signal sequence in SEQ ID NO: 58 CRD (cystein-rich-domain), the region downstream from CRD including the 7th transmembrane region, based on the information of GenBank accession numbers NM_020510.2 and NP_065256.1, respectively.
- SEQ ID NO: 58 The amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 58 (570 amino acids, SEQ ID NO: 59) is shown below.
- SEQ ID NO: 59 The following is a polynucleotide sequence from the start codon to the stop codon of the pUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KI vector expression unit [SEQ ID NO: 60: mouse FZD2 signal sequence was replaced with a mouse Ig ⁇ signal sequence (underlined portion) containing an intron region, It consists of 1423 bp containing the mouse FZD2crd-hFcm sequence downstream. The boxed portion indicates the mouse Frizzled2 extracellular cysteine-rich domain, the double-line portion indicates hFcm], and the amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 61: 393 amino acids.
- the underlined portion indicates the mouse Ig ⁇ signal sequence, the boxed line. Indicates the mouse Frizzled2 extracellular cysteine-rich domain, and the double underlined portion indicates hFcm).
- Mouse Ig ⁇ signal sequence information including the intron region was obtained from the UCSC mouse genome database based on MUSIGKVR1 (accession number K02159) obtained from GenBank.
- SEQ ID NO: 60 SEQ ID NO: 61: USmFZD2crd-hFcm KI chimeric mouse that expresses a fusion of mouse FZD2 extracellular cysteine-rich domain and human Fcm in a B cell-specific manner using the pUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KI vector according to the example of WO 2006/78072 pamphlet was prepared Is done.
- USmFZD2crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice are UShFZD2crd-hFcmhKI that expresses a fusion of human FZD2 extracellular cysteine-rich domain and human Fcm. It is substantially the same as the chimeric mouse.
- Example 10 Furthermore, a mouse control individual (control chimera mouse) used in Example 10 below was prepared according to the method described in Example 11 of International Publication No. WO2006 / 78072.
- mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant 11-1 Expression and preparation of mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant 11-1. Construction of mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector According to the method described in Example 7-1, PCR primers of SEQ ID NOs: 54, 55, 62, and 63, and mouse Fzd1 cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 11) as a template, hFcm Using the cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 3), an mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector was constructed (FIG. 13).
- 103Fc_BHIkozakFw TAAA GGATCCCGGCCACC ATGGCTGAGGAGGCGGCGCC (SEQ ID NO: 62)
- 103Fc_mFZD1G1SA_3primer GTCTGAAGACCTAGGCTCGGC GTGCTGCGGATTACTGGTCC (SEQ ID NO: 63)
- the underlined portion indicates the signal sequence portion of mouse FZD1.
- Transient expression of mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant using mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector 11-2-1 Preparation of expression vector for gene introduction
- the mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector obtained in Example 11-1 was introduced into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ , and DNA was extracted from the resulting transformant using a plasmid purification kit (Qiagen plasmid Maxi kit; Qiagen, Japan).
- Example 11-3 Purification and preparation of mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant 11-3-1. Pretreatment of culture supernatant The supernatant of the culture solution obtained in Example 11-2-2 was collected and filtered with a 0.22 ⁇ m filter (0.22 ⁇ m GP Express Membrane 500 mL; Japan Millipore Corporation, Japan) After filtration, the solution was cooled at 4 ° C. (cold room).
- the composition of the acidic buffer used was 3.895 g of citric acid monohydrate (Nacalai Tesque, MW: 210.14), trisodium citrate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, MW : 258.07) 0.38g and sodium chloride (Junsei Co., Ltd., MW: 58.44) 2.92g dissolved in Milli-Q water to make 1L.
- the composition of the neutralization buffer used was 13.1 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd., MW: 156.01) and disodium hydrogen phosphate-12 water (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., MW: 358.14) was dissolved in 41.5 g and sodium chloride (Pure Chemical Co., Ltd., MW: 58.44) 8.77 g in Milli-Q water to make 1 L.
- the pretreated 1 L culture supernatant was applied to a ProteinG column (Hi Trap ProteinG HP 5 mL; GE Healthcare Biosciences, Japan) equilibrated with PBS (Dulecco’scPhosphate Saline; SIGMA). Thereafter, the column was washed with at least 25 mL PBS, and then washed with at least 25 mL with a buffer prepared by adding NaCl to PBS to adjust the NaCl concentration to 1.85 M, and the column was again washed with 30 mL PBS. After completion of the washing operation, 25 mL of acidic buffer was added to the column to recover the target protein. The target protein was neutralized using a neutralization buffer immediately after recovery. For the separation and purification operation, AKTAexplorer10s (GE Healthcare Sakai Bioscience Co., Ltd., Japan) was used. Endotoxin removal treatment was performed before use.
- PBS Dulecco’scPhosphate Saline
- mice 12-1 Analysis of mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant mice 12-1. Administration to mice According to the method described in Example 8-1 and mFZD1crd-hFcm recombination obtained in Example 11-3 for the purpose of evaluating physiological effects on bone tissue by the mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant. Experiments on administration of body mice were conducted.
- the mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant is a protein containing the human antibody Fc region
- the activity of the mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant may be suppressed when neutralizing antibodies are produced in vivo by administration. It was. Therefore, for the purpose of reducing the risk of neutralizing antibody production in the administration experiment, an immunoglobulin ⁇ chain gene knockout mouse in which a functional B lymphocyte is deficient and no antibody is produced is designated as MCH (ICR) (Clear Japan Homozygotes (97 KD mice, Japan Marie Japan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97: 722-7, 2000) were used. The grouping was performed based on the body weight on the day before the start of administration (Day-1) at the age of 5 weeks.
- ICR Immunoglobulin ⁇ chain gene knockout mouse in which a functional B lymphocyte is deficient and no antibody is produced
- mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant was prepared in PBS to a protein concentration of 5 mg / mL, 200 ⁇ L for each individual, a total of 7 times with a frequency of once every 10 days, It was administered via the tail vein.
- an untreated group in which no administration was performed was set. The day of initial administration was Day 0, and a total of 7 tail vein administrations were carried out every 10 days until Day 60, and then mice were subjected to necropsy on Day 70.
- mice were performed, and the femur, sternum, and skull of five mice treated with mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant were observed.
- the mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant-treated mice showed femoral whitening and epiphyseal hypertrophy, whitening of the sternum, whitening and hardening of the skull, and hardening of the ribs compared to control mice. .
- the number of individuals in which each change was observed is described below.
- femoral whitening and epiphyseal hypertrophy, sternum whitening, skull whitening and hardening, and rib hardening may be caused by mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant administration.
- the average concentration of USmFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice in 4 week old female individuals was 61.2 ⁇ g / mL
- the average concentration of 8 week old female individuals was 220.4 ⁇ g / mL
- the average concentration of 16 week old female individuals was 277.4 ⁇ g / mL.
- the average concentration of mL and 16-week-old male individuals was 253.3 ⁇ g / mL, and all of the control mice were below the detection limit.
- calcein solution calcium chelating agent
- calcein was administered 3 days and 1 day before the autopsy, and in the case of an 8- and 16-week-old autopsy, calcein was administered 6 days and 1 day before the autopsy.
- tibias were collected and non-demineralized slices of tibia were prepared, then toluidine blue staining (TB staining), alkaline phosphatase staining (ALP staining), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase ( TRAP staining) was performed.
- the tibial sample was embedded in advance with GMA (Glycolmethacrylate) resin in order to prepare a sliced specimen.
- Unit bone mass was measured using tibial samples from 6 control mice and 6 USmFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice that were necropsied at 4, 8 and 16 weeks of age (female individuals).
- the unit bone mass of the USmFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric mouse population increased at 4, 8, and 16 weeks of age compared to the control population.
- the increase may be caused by overexpression of mouse FZD7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain-human Fc variant.
- Bone structure analysis (3D microfocus X-ray CT) At autopsy, the left tibia was collected, a high-resolution microfocus X-ray CT scanner (Micro CT, Scan Xmate-L090, Comscan Techno, Japan), and usage analysis software (TRY 3D-BON, Ratok System Engineering, Japan)
- BV / TV unit bone mass
- Tb.Th trabecular width
- Tb.N trabecular number
- Tb. Sp The trabecular spacing
- Tb. Spac The trabecular center distance
- the average value of the USmFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric mouse population compared to the group is that the unit bone mass increased, trabecular width increased, trabecular number increased, trabecular spacing decreased, trabecular center distance decreased, and further 16 Results obtained by micro-CT using femurs derived from 6 controls, 6 USmFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice at necropsy (male individuals) at 4 weeks, 8 and 16 weeks (female individuals) Because the results were similar to the results, the unit bone mass increase, trabecular width increase, trabecular number increase, trabecular space decrease, trabecular center distance decrease in the cancellous bone region of the proximal tibia Overexpression of mouse FZD7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain-human Fc variant The possible cause was shown (Table 10).
- the average concentration of 8-week-old female individuals is 244.0 ⁇ g / ml
- the average concentration of 8-week-old male individuals is 190.2 ⁇ g / ml
- the average concentration of 12-week-old male individuals is 208.1 ⁇ g / ml, derived from control individuals
- the results of measurement using the sera were all below the detection limit.
- whitening of the femur, whitening of the sternum, whitening and hardening of the skull, and slight hardening of the ribs may be caused by overexpression of the human FZD7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain-human Fc variant. Indicated.
- Increased unit bone mass, increased trabecular width, increased trabecular number, decreased trabecular spacing, decreased trabecular center distance in bone region may be caused by overexpression of human FZD7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain-human Fc variant Sex was shown (Table 12).
- femoral whitening, whitening of the sternum, whitening and hardening of the skull, and slight hardening of the vertebra may be caused by overexpression of human FZD7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain-human Fc mutant Indicated.
- Serum Biochemistry Analysis Serum was prepared from 6 12-week-old UShFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric male mice and 6 control male mice under ether anesthesia. Serum biochemistry (LDH activity, GOT activity, GPT activity, CK activity, ALP activity, AMY activity, LAP activity, LIP activity, T-CHO concentration, F-CHO concentration using Hitachi 7180 (Hitachi Science Systems, Japan) , LDL-CHO concentration, HDL-CHO concentration, TG concentration, PL concentration, GLU concentration, GA%, UA concentration, BUN concentration, CREA concentration, T-BIL concentration, D-BIL concentration, TP concentration, ALB concentration, A / (G ratio, IP concentration, Ca concentration, Mg concentration, Na concentration, K concentration, Cl concentration, Fe concentration, UIBC concentration, TIBC concentration) analysis was performed. As a result, the value obtained with the UShFZD7crd-hFcm KI chimeric mouse did not show a significant change compared to the USh
- Ovariectomized (OVX) model mice were prepared for the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant as an osteoporosis therapeutic agent. Since the mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant is a protein containing the human antibody Fc region, the activity of the mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant may be suppressed when neutralizing antibodies are produced in vivo by administration. It was.
- an immunoglobulin ⁇ chain gene knockout mouse in which a functional B lymphocyte is deficient and no antibody is produced is designated as MCH (ICR) (Clear Japan Homozygote (97KD mouse, Japan Marie Japan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97: 722-7, 2000) obtained by backcrossing to the strain was used for the production of OVX model mice. It was. A 10-week-old 97KD mouse was incised at the back under anesthesia, and both ovaries were removed, or a sham operation was performed in which only the incision was performed without ovariectomy, and the back was sutured.
- ICR International Japan Homozygote
- risedronate Nippon Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., product number: 572-27451
- bisphosphonate preparation mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant And a combination group to administer both risedronate.
- the administration start day was Day 0, and autopsy was performed on Day 69 and Day 70.
- mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant was administered into the tail vein (IV) at a dose of 1 mg / dose once every 10 days for a total of 7 times.
- Risedronate was administered subcutaneously (SC) at a dose of 5 ⁇ g / kg for a total of 30 times a week for a total of 30 times.
- Group settings were sham / non-treatment group, OVX / risedronate group, sham / risedronate group, OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm recombination (OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm) group, sham surgery / mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant administration (Sham / mFZD7crd-hFcm) group, OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant / risedronate administration (OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm / risedate)
- Each group of OVX / non-treatment group (OVX / non-treatment) was set and administered.
- mice described in Example 15-2 were necropsied on Day 69 and Day 70, and the femur, sternum, skull, ribs, vertebrae, The spleen and uterus were observed.
- Sham / risedronate group OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm group
- Sham / mFZD7crd-hFcm group OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm / risedronate group
- whitening of femur, whitening of sternum Skull whitening and hardening
- rib hardening rib hardening
- vertebra hardening excluding Sham / risedronate group
- Necropsy findings of the femur Slight whitening was observed in 1 of 10 individuals in the Sham / non-treatment group, whereas whitening occurred in 1 of 10 individuals in the OVX / risedronate group.
- Sham / risedronate group out of 10 individuals, 2 individuals whitened, 4 individuals whitened slightly, OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm group 10 individuals, 5 individuals whitened, 4 individuals slightly whitened, Sham / mFZD7crd-hFcm group 10 individuals, 8 individuals whitened, 2 individuals whitened slightly, OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm / risedronate group 10 individuals, 7 individuals whitened, 3 individuals slightly whitened, OVX / non-treatment group 10 individuals Among them, 1 individual was slightly whitened.
- Skull autopsy findings Slight whitening was observed in 1 of 10 individuals in the Sham / non-treatment group, while whitening was slightly observed in 3 of 10 individuals in the OVX / risedronate group.
- Vertebral autopsy findings Compared with the Sham / non-treatment group (10 individuals), 10 individuals in the OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm group were cured in 1 individual, slightly cured in 1 individual, Sham / mFZD7crd-hFcm Among 10 individuals in the group, 4 individuals were cured, and in the OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm / risedronate group, 10 individuals were cured, 2 individuals were cured, and one was slightly cured.
- Spleen autopsy findings Compared with the Sham / non-treatment group (10 individuals), 10 individuals in the OVX / risedronate group, hypertrophy in one individual, blackening in one individual, in 10 individuals in the Sham / risedronate group , 1 individual hypertrophic, 1 individual slightly blackened, OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm group in 10 individuals, 1 individual hypertrophic, 2 individuals slightly blackened, Sham / mFZD7crd-hFcm group in 10 individuals, 1 individual Hypertrophy, 6 individuals slightly blackened, OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm / risedronate group out of 9 individuals, 1 individual hypertrophic, 2 individuals slightly blackened, 10 in OVX / non-treatment group, 1 individual slightly blackened Was recognized.
- femur whitening, sternum whitening, skull whitening and hardening, and rib hardening in OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm and Sham / mFZD7crd-hFcm groups were caused by administration of mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant.
- the possibility was suggested.
- femoral whitening, whitening of the sternum, whitening and hardening of the skull, and hardening of the ribs in the OVX / risedronate and Sham / risedronate groups may be caused by risedronate administration.
- femoral whitening, sternum whitening, skull whitening and hardening, and rib hardening in the OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm / risedronate group may have been caused by mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant and risedronate. It was.
- vertebral stiffening has been confirmed only in OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm group, Sham / mFZD7crd-hFcm group, and OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm / risedronate group. It was suggested that it was caused by administration. It was suggested that the uterine retraction observed only in the OVX treatment group was a change caused by OVX as reported in the literature (J. Bone Miner. Res., 20: 1085-92, 2005).
- Example 15-2-3 Pathological findings In the autopsy performed in Example 15-2-2, the right femur was collected from each individual and immersed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution (Japan Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) After fixing, the H & E specimen was prepared by cutting the ring at 30% and 50% points from the proximal end and vertically cutting the end portion. Changes in the cancellous bone at the end were observed, and the maximum diaphyseal wall thickness at 30% and the maximum and minimum diaphyseal wall thickness at 50% were measured from the proximal end.
- 10% neutral buffered formalin solution Japan Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the minimum at 30% of the Sham / mFZD7crd-hFcm group compared to the Sham / non-treatment group The average thickness of diaphyseal wall thickness, the maximum and minimum diaphyseal wall thickness at 50% point increased.
- the average values of the minimum diaphyseal wall thickness at 30% and the maximum / minimum diaphyseal wall thickness at 50% in the OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm group increased.
- the maximum diaphyseal wall thickness average value at the 50% point is equal to that of the normal mouse control group (Sham / non-treatment group), and at the 30% point It was shown that the minimum diaphyseal wall thickness and the minimum diaphyseal wall thickness at 50% exceeded the average values compared to the Sham / non-treatment group (Table 14).
- the mFZD7crd-hFcm recombinant may have cancellous bone mass increasing activity and diaphyseal wall thickness increasing activity against normal mouse control individuals (Sham / non-treatment individuals) as well as OXV-treated individuals. It was suggested.
- Cortical bone cross-sectional area measurement of the femur In the autopsy performed in Example 15-2-2, the right femur was collected from each individual, and 2D micro CT imaging (Fig. 18) was taken at a point 50% from the proximal end. The cortical bone cross-sectional area at 50% point from the proximal end was measured (the number of individuals measured was 10 in each group).
- the average value of the Sham / mFZD7crd-hFcm group increased compared to the Sham / non-treatment group.
- the average value of the OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm group increased compared to the OVX / non-treatment group.
- the average value was shown to be higher than that of the normal mouse control group (Sham / non-treatment group).
- Example 15-2-5 Measurement of bone strength of femur
- the right femur was collected from each individual and subjected to a three-point bending test (the number of individuals measured was each group). 10 individuals).
- the distance between fulcrums was 6 mm, and the maximum load (N) was measured by applying a load to the midpoint.
- the average value of the Sham / mFZD7crd-hFcm group increased compared to the Sham / non-treatment group.
- the average value of the OVX / mFZD7crd-hFcm group increased compared to the OVX / non-treatment group.
- the average value was shown to be higher than that of the normal mouse control group (Sham / non-treatment group).
- Serum biochemistry (LDH activity, GOT activity, GPT activity, CK activity, ALP activity, AMY activity, LAP activity, LIP activity, T-CHO concentration, F-CHO concentration using Hitachi 7180 (Hitachi Science Systems, Japan) , LDL-CHO concentration, HDL-CHO concentration, TG concentration, PL concentration, GLU concentration, GA%, UA concentration, BUN concentration, CREA concentration, T-BIL concentration, D-BIL concentration, TP concentration, ALB concentration, A / (G ratio, IP concentration, Ca concentration, Mg concentration, Na concentration, K concentration, Cl concentration, Fe concentration, UIBC concentration, TIBC concentration) analysis was performed. As a result, the value obtained with the USmFZD1crd-hFcm KI chimeric mouse did not show a significant change compared to the control.
- the tibia was collected and a non-decalcified slice of the tibia was prepared, and then toluidine blue staining (TB staining), alkaline phosphatase staining (ALP staining), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP staining) were performed.
- the tibial sample was embedded in advance with GMA (Glycolmethacrylate) resin in order to prepare a sliced specimen.
- GMA Gelmethacrylate
- the increase in unit bone mass in the KI chimeric mouse population may have been caused by overexpression of mouse FZD1 extracellular cysteine-rich domain-human Fc variant. Sex was shown.
- unit bone mass was measured using tibia derived from 5 control mice and 6 USmFZD1crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice that were necropsied in male individuals.
- unit bones of USmFZD1crd-hFcm KI chimeric mouse populations compared to control populations. Due to the increased amount, the increase in unit bone mass in the secondary cancellous bone part of the tibial metaphysis was caused by overexpression of the mouse FZD1 extracellular cysteine-rich domain-human Fc variant not only in females but also in males The potential was shown (Table 16).
- the number of osteoclasts and the surface of osteoclasts were measured using 5 tibias from 5 male controls and 6 USmFZD1crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice. Therefore, the number of osteoclasts and the surface of osteoclasts in the secondary cancellous bone of the tibia metaphysis may be unaffected by overexpression of mouse FZD1 extracellular cysteine-rich domain-human Fc variant, as in females. (Table 19).
- the USmFZD1crd-hFcm KI chimeric mouse compared to the control population.
- the average value of the population is that the unit bone mass increased, the trabecular width increased, the number of trabeculae increased, the trabecular spacing decreased, and the distance between the trabecular centers decreased.
- the average concentration of 8-week-old female individuals is 525.5 ⁇ g / ml
- the average concentration of 8-week-old male individuals is 492.8 ⁇ g / ml
- the average concentration of 12-week-old male individuals is 452.8 ⁇ g / ml, derived from control individuals
- the results of measurement using the sera were all below the detection limit.
- whitening of the femur, whitening of the sternum, whitening and hardening of the skull, and slight hardening of the ribs may be caused by overexpression of the human FZD1 extracellular cysteine-rich domain-human Fc variant. Indicated.
- Serum biochemistry analysis Serum was prepared from 6 12-week-old UShFZD1crd-hFcm KI chimeric male mice and 6 control male mice under ether anesthesia. Serum biochemistry (LDH activity, GOT activity, GPT activity, CK activity, ALP activity, AMY activity, LAP activity, LIP activity, T-CHO concentration, F-CHO concentration using Hitachi 7180 (Hitachi Science Systems, Japan) , LDL-CHO concentration, HDL-CHO concentration, TG concentration, PL concentration, GLU concentration, GA%, UA concentration, BUN concentration, CREA concentration, T-BIL concentration, D-BIL concentration, TP concentration, ALB concentration, A / (G ratio, IP concentration, Ca concentration, Mg concentration, Na concentration, K concentration, Cl concentration, Fe concentration, UIBC concentration, TIBC concentration) analysis was performed. As a result, the value obtained with the UShFZD1crd-hFcm KI chimeric mouse did not show a significant change compared to the USh
- the skull thickness measurement of the skull derived from the mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant-administered mouse described in Example 12 and the bone strength measurement using the femur were performed.
- mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant administered compared to the control population value average value: 213.9 ⁇ m
- the increase in the value of the population indicates that the increase in skull crown thickness may be caused by mFZD1crd-hFcm recombinant administration.
- Serum biochemistry (LDH activity, GOT activity, GPT activity, CK activity, ALP activity, AMY activity, LAP activity, LIP activity, T-CHO concentration, F-CHO concentration using Hitachi 7180 (Hitachi Science Systems, Japan) , LDL-CHO concentration, HDL-CHO concentration, TG concentration, PL concentration, GLU concentration, GA%, UA concentration, BUN concentration, CREA concentration, T-BIL concentration, D-BIL concentration, TP concentration, ALB concentration, A / (G ratio, IP concentration, Ca concentration, Mg concentration, Na concentration, K concentration, Cl concentration, Fe concentration, UIBC concentration, TIBC concentration) analysis was performed. As a result, the value obtained with the USmFZD2crd-hFcm KI chimeric mouse did not show a significant change compared to the control.
- the mean concentration of 16-week-old female individuals of USmFZD2crd-hFcm KI chimeric mice was 31.5 ⁇ g / mL
- the average concentration of 16-week-old male individuals was 26.2 ⁇ g / mL
- control individuals (6 females, 6 males)
- the tibia was collected and a non-decalcified slice of the tibia was prepared, and then toluidine blue staining (TB staining), alkaline phosphatase staining (ALP staining), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP staining) were performed.
- the tibial sample was embedded in advance with GMA (Glycolmethacrylate) resin in order to prepare a sliced specimen.
- GMA Gelmethacrylate
- the increase in unit bone mass of the KI chimeric mouse population may have been caused by overexpression of the mouse FZD2 extracellular cysteine-rich domain-human Fc variant. Sex was shown.
- mFZD2crd-hFcm recombinant 20-1 Expression and preparation of mFZD2crd-hFcm recombinant 20-1. Construction of mFZD2crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector According to the method described in Example 7-1, PCR primers of SEQ ID NOs: 54, 66, 67, and 68, and mouse FZD2 cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 58) as a template, hFcm Using the cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 3), an mFZD2crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector was constructed (FIG. 23).
- V5S sense oligo DNA having a BamHI / NheI / SalI site at the 5 ′ end and an XhoI site at the 3 ′ end (V5 tag + Stop codon) and its antisense oligo DNA ( V5AS) was synthesized.
- V5S GATCCGCTAGCGTCGACGGTAAGCCTATCCCTAACCCTCTCCTCGGTCTCGATTCTACGTGAC (SEQ ID NO: 50)
- V5AS TCGAGTCACGTAGAATCGAGACCGAGGAGAGGGTTAGGGATAGGCTTACCGTCGACGCTAGCG (SEQ ID NO: 51)
- the synthetic oligo DNA was introduced into the BamHI-XhoI site on the pLN1 vector described in the report by Kakeda et al. [Gene Ther., 12, 852-856 (2005)] to construct a pLN1V5 vector.
- the amplified fragment (BamHI mFZD2crd hFcm) was recovered from the recovered gel using QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (Qiagen, Japan) according to the package insert.
- hFcm® cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 3) was added, and kept at 98 ° C for 1 minute, then amplified for 30 cycles of 98 ° C for 10 seconds, 62 ° C for 5 seconds, and 72 ° C for 40 seconds, and the resulting 718 bp amplified fragment was obtained on a 0.8% gel. Separated and recovered. The amplified fragment (hFcm NotI) was recovered from the recovered gel using QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (Qiagen, Japan) according to the package insert.
- Example 20-1-3 Construction of mFZD2crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector
- the PCR-amplified fragment recovered in Example 20-1-2 was enzymatically digested with BamHI and NotI (Roche Diagnostics, Japan). And separated and collected on a 0.8% agarose gel.
- the enzyme-treated fragment was recovered from the recovered gel using a QIAquick Gel Extraction Extraction Kit (Qiagen, Japan) according to the package insert.
- Prepare a vector with the NotI site added to the pLN1V5 vector prepared in Example 20-1-1 introduce the enzyme-treated fragment obtained above into the BamHI / NotI site, and express the mFZD2crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector ( Fig. 23) was constructed.
- the following is a polynucleotide sequence (1206 bp, SEQ ID NO: 69) from the start codon to the stop codon of the cDNA of mFZD2crd-hFcm recombinant and an amino acid sequence (401 amino acids, sequence) including the signal sequence of mFZD2-hFcm encoded by the cDNA Number 70).
- SEQ ID NOs: 69 and 70 the underlined portion indicates the signal sequence portion of mouse FZD2.
- SEQ ID NO: 69 ATGCGGGCCCGCAGCGCCCTGCCCCGCAGCGCCCTGCCCCGCCTGCTGCTGCCACTGCTGCTGCTGCCGGCCGCCGGACCGGCC SEQ ID NO: 70: MRARSALPRSALPRLLLPLLLLPAAGPA QFHGEKGISIPDHGFCQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTIMPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSPELRFFLCSMYAPVCTVLEQAIPPCRSICERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPERLRCEHFPRHGAEQICVGQNHSEDGAPALAEPRSSDKTHTCPPCPAPEAEGAPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCAVSNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYK
- Transient expression of mFZD2crd-hFcm recombinant using mFZD2crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector 20-2-1 Preparation of expression vector for gene introduction
- the mFZD2crd-hFcm recombinant expression vector obtained in Example 20-1-3 was introduced into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ , and the plasmid was purified from the resulting transformant using a plasmid purification kit. (Qiagen plasmid Maxi kit, Qiagen, Japan).
- the composition of the acidic buffer used was 3.43 g of citric acid monohydrate (Nacalai Tesque, MW: 210.14), trisodium citrate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, MW) : 258.07) 0.90g and sodium chloride (Junsei Co., Ltd., MW: 58.44) 8.77g was dissolved in Milli-Q water to make 1L.
- the composition of the neutralization buffer used was 13.1 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd., MW: 156.01) and disodium hydrogen phosphate-12 water (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., MW: 358.14) was dissolved in 41.5 g and sodium chloride (Pure Chemical Co., Ltd., MW: 58.44) 8.77 g in Milli-Q water to make 1 L.
- the pretreated 1 L culture supernatant was applied to a ProteinA column (Hi Trap ProteinA HP 5 mL, GE Healthcare Biosciences, Japan) equilibrated with PBS (Dulecco ’s Phosphate Saline, SIGMA). Thereafter, the column was washed with 25 mL or more of PBS, and the column was washed again with 30 mL of PBS. After completion of the washing operation, 25 ⁇ mL of acidic buffer was added to the column to recover the target protein. For the separation and purification operation, AKTAexplorer10s (GE Healthcare Bioscience, Japan) was used. Endotoxin removal treatment was performed before use.
- mFZD7c10-hFcm recombinant 21-1 Expression and preparation of mFZD7c10-hFcm recombinant 21-1. Construction of mFZD7c10-hFcm recombinant expression vector According to the method described in Example 7-1, PCR primers of SEQ ID NOs: 55 and 71, and mouse FZD7 cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 1) and hFcm cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 1) as templates. 3) was used to construct an mFZD7c10-hFcm recombinant expression vector (FIG. 24).
- V5S Sense oligo DNA
- V5AS antisense oligo DNA
- V5S GATCCGCTAGCGTCGACGGTAAGCCTATCCCTAACCCTCTCCTCGGTCTCGATTCTACGTGAC (SEQ ID NO: 50)
- V5AS TCGAGTCACGTAGAATCGAGACCGAGGAGAGGGTTAGGGATAGGCTTACCGTCGACGCTAGCG (SEQ ID NO: 51)
- the synthetic oligo DNA was introduced into the BamHI-XhoI site on the pLN1 vector described in the report by Kakeda et al. [Gene Ther., 12, 852-856 (2005)] to construct a pLN1V5 vector.
- amino acid sequence (365 amino acids, SEQ ID NO: 73) including a polynucleotide sequence (1339 bp, SEQ ID NO: 72) from the start codon to the stop codon of cDNA of mFZD7c10-hFcm recombinant and the mouse Igk signal sequence encoded by the cDNA.
- the underlined part is the mouse Igk signal sequence part
- the enclosed part is the cysteine-rich domain from the first cysteine residue to the 10th cysteine residue on the N-terminal side of the extracellular region protein of mouse Frizzled7 (Minimum area of CRD), the double underlined portion indicates hFcm.
- SEQ ID NO: 72 SEQ ID NO: 73: 21-2.
- Opti-MEM I Reduced Serum Medium (Invitrogen, Japan) was added and incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes. After incubation, the two solutions were mixed and incubated for another 20-30 minutes at room temperature. Thereafter, the expression vector treated by the above method was added to a medium containing 1 ⁇ 10 9 cells / L of Free style 293F cells and cultured for 3 days.
- composition of acidic buffer using Antibody Affinity chromatography is 3.895 g of citric acid monohydrate (Nacalai Tesque, MW: 210.14), trisodium citrate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, MW : 258.07) 0.38 g and sodium chloride (Junsei Co., Ltd., MW: 58.44) 8.77 g were dissolved in Milli-Q water to make 1 L.
- the composition of the neutralization buffer used was 13.1 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd., MW: 156.01) and disodium hydrogen phosphate-12 water (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., MW: 358.14) was dissolved in 41.5 g and sodium chloride (Pure Chemical Co., Ltd., MW: 58.44) 8.77 g in Milli-Q water to make 1 L.
- the pretreated 1 L culture supernatant was applied to a ProteinG column (Hi Trap ProteinG HP 5 mL, GE Healthcare Biosciences, Japan) equilibrated with PBS (Dulecco ’s Phosphate Saline, SIGMA). Thereafter, the column was washed with 25 mL or more of PBS, then washed with 25 mL or more of a buffer prepared by adding NaCl to PBS to adjust the NaCl concentration to 1.85 mol / L, and the column was washed again with 30 mL of PBS. After completion of the washing operation, 25 ⁇ mL of acidic buffer was added to the column to recover the target protein. The target protein was neutralized using a neutralization buffer immediately after recovery. For the separation and purification operation, AKTAexplorer10s (GE Healthcare Bioscience, Japan) was used. Endotoxin removal treatment was performed before use.
- mice 22-1 Analysis of mFZD7c10-hFcm recombinant mice 22-1.
- Administration of mFZD7c10-hFcm Recombinant A mouse administration experiment was conducted for the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of the mFZD7c10-hFcm recombinant. Since the mFZD7c10-hFcm recombinant is a protein containing the human antibody Fc region, the activity of the mFZD7c10-hFcm recombinant may be suppressed when neutralizing antibodies are produced in vivo by administration. It was.
- an immunoglobulin ⁇ chain gene knockout mouse in which a functional B lymphocyte is deficient and no antibody is produced is designated as MCH (ICR) (Clear Japan Homozygote (97KD mouse, Japan Marie, Japan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97: 722-7, 2000) obtained by backcrossing to the strain was used.
- MCH Immunoglobulin ⁇ chain gene knockout mouse
- 97KD mice were fed with feed (CE-2, Japan Claire, Japan) under constant temperature and humidity and lighting time (temperature: 22 ° C, humidity: 55%, light and dark for 12 hours each). Raised in an environment where it can be freely ingested.
- the average value of the mFZD7c10-hFcm recombinant recipient group was unit bone Increased volume, increased trabecular width, increased number of trabeculae, decreased trabecular spacing, decreased distance between trabecular centers, increased unit bone mass in cancellous bone region at proximal tibia
- the increase in beam width, increase in the number of trabeculae, decrease in trabecular space, and decrease in the distance between trabecular centers were shown to be caused by the administration of mFZD7c10-hFcm recombinant (Table 31).
- bone mass, bone density and / or bone strength can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to treat osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, bone diseases associated with malignant tumors, and various diseases or disorders related thereto without causing side effects.
- SEQ ID NOs: 3 and 4 human IgG1 Fc variant SEQ ID NO: 5: DNA encoding the fusion protein SEQ ID NO: 6: fusion protein SEQ ID NO: 9: DNA encoding the fusion protein SEQ ID NO: 10: fusion protein SEQ ID NO: 13: DNA encoding the fusion protein SEQ ID NO: 14: fusion proteinSEQ ID NO: 17: DNA encoding the fusion protein SEQ ID NO: 18: fusion protein SEQ ID NO: 27-31: fusion protein SEQ ID NO: 38-43: DNA encoding the fusion protein SEQ ID NOs: 50 and 51: sense oligo DNA SEQ ID NO: 52-55: Primer SEQ ID NO: 56: DNA encoding the fusion protein SEQ ID NO: 57: fusion protein SEQ ID NO: 62 and 63: primer SEQ ID NO: 64: DNA encoding the fusion protein SEQ ID NO: 65: fusion protein SEQ ID NO: 66 to 68: primer SEQ ID NO: 69
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Abstract
Description
本発明に関わるFrizzled受容体は、哺乳動物由来のFrizzled1、Frizzled2又はFrizzled7である。これらの受容体は、リガンドがWntである10種類のFrizzled受容体のうち特に細胞外システインリッチドメイン(以下、「CRD」とも称する)の同一性が高い。これらの受容体のCRDのN末端側の第1システイン残基からC末端側の第10システイン残基までのアミノ酸配列の同一性は、ヒト及びマウスの場合、Frizzled7のCRDとFrizzled2のCRDとの間で93%の同一性、Frizzled7のCRDとFrizzled1のCRDとの間で91%の同一性である。この領域のアミノ酸配列はヒトとマウスで同一であり、種間で保存性が高い。ちなみに、その他のFrizzled3~6、8~10のCRDとFrizzled7のCRDとの間の同一性は42~56%と低い。
QPYHGEKGISVPDHGFCQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTILPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSPELRFFLCSMYAPVCTVLDQAIPPCRSLCERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPERLRCENFPVHGAGEICVGQNTSDGSGGPGGGPTAYPTAPYL
マウスFrizzled7の細胞外領域蛋白質のアミノ酸配列(配列番号20):
QPYHGEKGISVPDHGFCQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTILPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSPELRFFLCSMYAPVCTVLDQAIPPCRSLCERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPERLRCENFPVHGAGEICVGQNTSDGSGGAGGSPTAYPTAPYL
下線の部分は、N末端側の第1システイン残基からC末端側の第10システイン残基までの配列であり、CRDの最小領域である(配列番号21)。
CQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTILPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSPELRFFLCSMYAPVCTVLDQAIPPCRSLCERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPERLRCENFPVHGAGEIC
Frizzled1(FZD1とも称される)は、ヒト、マウス、ラット、セキショクヤケイ、アフリカツメガエル等から単離され、配列情報が公開されている。本発明においては、Frizzled1蛋白質又はこれをコードする核酸は、その由来に限定されるものではないが、哺乳動物、例えばヒトを含む霊長類、マウスを含むげっ歯類等の由来であることが好ましい。ヒト又はマウス由来Frizzled1の配列情報は、例えばヒトFrizzled1はアクセッション番号NM_003505.1、NP_003496.1等として、マウスFZD1はアクセッション番号NM_021457.1、NP_067432.1、NM_021457.2、NP_067432.2、NM_021457.3等として、GenBankに登録されている。
QAAGQGPGQGPGPGQQPPPPPQQQQSGQQYNGERGISVPDHGYCQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTIMPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSAELKFFLCSMYAPVCTVLEQALPPCRSLCERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPDTLKCEKFPVHGAGELCVGQNTSDKGTPTPSLLPEFWTSNPQH
マウスFrizzled1の細胞外領域蛋白質のアミノ酸配列(配列番号23):
QAAGQVSGPGQQAPPPPQPQQSGQQYNGERGISIPDHGYCQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTIMPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSAELKFFLCSMYAPVCTVLEQALPPCRSLCERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPDTLKCEKFPVHGAGELCVGQNTSDKGTPTPSLLPEFWTSNPQH
下線の部分は、N末端側の第1システイン残基からC末端側の第10システイン残基までの配列であり、CRDの最小領域である(配列番号24)。この領域は、ヒトとマウスとで同一のアミノ酸配列を示す。
CQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTIMPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSAELKFFLCSMYAPVCTVLEQALPPCRSLCERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPDTLKCEKFPVHGAGELC
Frizzled2(FZD2とも称される)は、ヒト、マウス、ラット、アフリカツメガエル等から単離され、配列情報が公開されている。本発明においては、Frizzled2蛋白質又はこれをコードする核酸は、その由来に限定されるものではないが、哺乳動物、例えばヒトを含む霊長類、マウスを含むげっ歯類等の由来であることが好ましい。ヒト又はマウス由来Frizzled2の配列情報は、例えばヒトFrizzled2はアクセッション番号NM_001466.1、NM_001466.2、NP_001457.1等として、マウスFZD2はアクセッション番号NM_020510.1、NM_020510.2、NP_065256.1等として、GenBankに登録されている。
QFHGEKGISIPDHGFCQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTIMPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSPELRFFLCSMYAPVCTVLEQAIPPCRSICERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPERLRCEHFPRHGAEQICVGQNHSEDGAPAL
下線の部分は、N末端側の第1システイン残基からC末端側の第10システイン残基までの配列であり、CRDの最小領域である(配列番号26)。
CQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTIMPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSPELRFFLCSMYAPVCTVLEQAIPPCRSICERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPERLRCEHFPRHGAEQIC
本発明において、「細胞外システインリッチドメイン」は、哺乳動物由来のFrizzled1、Frizzled2及びFrizzled7からなる群から選択されるFrizzled受容体の細胞外領域蛋白質のN末端側の第1システイン残基から第10システイン残基までのアミノ酸配列を少なくとも含み、かつ、哺乳動物において骨量、骨密度及び/又は骨強度を増加する能力を有する蛋白質である。ここで、「少なくとも含み」とは、細胞外システインリッチドメインが、Frizzled受容体の細胞外領域蛋白質のN末端側の第1システイン残基から第10システイン残基までの最小CRD配列からなっていてもよいし、又は、該最小CRD配列のN末端側及び/又はC末端側に、骨量、骨密度及び/又は骨強度を増加する能力を有するかぎり、任意の外来配列が付加していてもよいことを表わす。また、ここで、「外来配列」は、Frizzled受容体の細胞外領域蛋白質と無関係の任意の異種蛋白質由来の配列もしくは人工配列、異種Frizzled受容体の細胞外領域蛋白質の最小CRD配列以外の部分に由来する配列、等を含むことができる。
本発明の細胞外システインリッチドメインには、上記<Frizzled受容体の細胞外システインリッチドメイン>の節で記載した細胞外システインリッチドメインの変異体も包含される。このような変異体は、天然の突然変異体及び人工変異体のいずれも含まれ、上記細胞外システインリッチドメインのアミノ酸配列において、1もしくは複数(好ましくは1もしくは数個)のアミノ酸の置換、欠失又は付加を含むか、或いは、該アミノ酸配列と80%以上、好ましくは85%以上、より好ましくは90%以上、例えば93%以上、95%以上、97%以上、98%以上又は99%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含み、かつ、骨量、骨密度及び/又は骨強度を増加する能力を有するものである。
上で説明したように、本発明の医薬組成物の有効成分のひとつは、哺乳動物由来のFrizzled1、Frizzled2及びFrizzled7からなる群から選択されるFrizzled受容体由来の骨量、骨密度及び/又は骨強度増加作用をもつ細胞外システインリッチドメイン、又は該ドメインのアミノ酸配列と85%以上の配列同一性を有しかつ骨量、骨密度及び/又は骨強度増加作用をもつその変異体、を含む蛋白質である。
QPYHGEKGISVPDHGFCQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTILPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSPELRFFLCSMYAPVCTVLDQAIPPCRSLCERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPERLRCENFPVHGAGEICVGQNTSDGSGGPGGGPTAYPTAPYLAEPRSSDKTHTCPPCPAPEAEGAPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCAVSNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
配列番号28(配列番号20+配列番号4):
QPYHGEKGISVPDHGFCQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTILPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSPELRFFLCSMYAPVCTVLDQAIPPCRSLCERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPERLRCENFPVHGAGEICVGQNTSDGSGGAGGSPTAYPTAPYLAEPRSSDKTHTCPPCPAPEAEGAPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCAVSNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
配列番号29(配列番号22+配列番号4):
QAAGQGPGQGPGPGQQPPPPPQQQQSGQQYNGERGISVPDHGYCQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTIMPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSAELKFFLCSMYAPVCTVLEQALPPCRSLCERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPDTLKCEKFPVHGAGELCVGQNTSDKGTPTPSLLPEFWTSNPQHAEPRSSDKTHTCPPCPAPEAEGAPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCAVSNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
配列番号30(配列番号23+配列番号4):
QAAGQVSGPGQQAPPPPQPQQSGQQYNGERGISIPDHGYCQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTIMPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSAELKFFLCSMYAPVCTVLEQALPPCRSLCERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPDTLKCEKFPVHGAGELCVGQNTSDKGTPTPSLLPEFWTSNPQHAEPRSSDKTHTCPPCPAPEAEGAPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCAVSNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
配列番号31(配列番号25+配列番号4):
QFHGEKGISIPDHGFCQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTIMPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSPELRFFLCSMYAPVCTVLEQAIPPCRSICERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPERLRCEHFPRHGAEQICVGQNHSEDGAPALAEPRSSDKTHTCPPCPAPEAEGAPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCAVSNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
上記配列番号27~31のアミノ酸配列中の細胞外システインリッチドメインは、Frizzled7、Frizzled1又はFrizzled2受容体の細胞外領域蛋白質に由来するが、このドメインのアミノ酸配列は、骨量、骨密度及び/又は骨強度を増加する能力を有するかぎり、上記<細胞外システインリッチドメインの変異体>の節に記載したような変異を含んでもよい。
本発明の組成物の有効成分として、上記細胞外システインリッチドメイン又はその変異体を含む蛋白質をコードする核酸を含むベクターも含まれる。
ATGCGGGGCCCCGGCACGGCGGCGTCGCACTCGCCCCTGGGCCTCTGCGCCCTGGTGCTTGCTCTTCTGTGCGCGCTGCCCACGGACACCCGGGCTCAGCCATATCACGGCGAGAAAGGCATCTCGGTACCGGACCACGGCTTCTGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGTTGTGCACGGATATCGCCTACAACCAGACCATCCTGCCCAACCTGCTGGGCCACACGAACCAAGAGGACGCGGGCCTCGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTACCCTCTGGTAAAGGTGCAGTGTTCTCCTGAGCTACGCTTCTTCTTATGCTCTATGTACGCACCCGTGTGCACCGTGCTCGACCAAGCCATTCCTCCGTGCCGTTCCTTGTGCGAGCGCGCCCGACAGGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAGTGGCCAGAGCGGTTGCGCTGCGAGAACTTCCCAGTGCACGGTGCCGGCGAGATCTGCGTGGGGCAGAACACGTCCGACGGCTCCGGGGGCGCGGGCGGCAGTCCCACCGCCTACCCTACTGCTCCCTACCTG
ヒトFrizzled7細胞外領域蛋白質をコードするDNA(配列番号33):
ATGCGGGACCCCGGCGCGGCCGCTCCGCTTTCGTCCCTGGGCCTCTGTGCCCTGGTGCTGGCGCTGCTGGGCGCACTGTCCGCGGGCGCCGGGGCGCAGCCGTACCACGGAGAGAAGGGCATCTCCGTGCCGGACCACGGCTTCTGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCCTACAACCAGACCATCCTGCCCAACCTGCTGGGCCACACGAACCAAGAGGACGCGGGCCTCGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTACCCGCTGGTGAAGGTGCAGTGTTCTCCCGAACTCCGCTTTTTCTTATGCTCCATGTATGCGCCCGTGTGCACCGTGCTCGATCAGGCCATCCCGCCGTGTCGTTCTCTGTGCGAGCGCGCCCGCCAGGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAGTGGCCCGAGCGGCTGCGCTGCGAGAACTTCCCGGTGCACGGTGCGGGCGAGATCTGCGTGGGCCAGAACACGTCGGACGGCTCCGGGGGCCCAGGCGGCGGCCCCACTGCCTACCCTACCGCGCCCTACCTG
マウスFrizzled1細胞外領域蛋白質をコードするDNA(配列番号34):
ATGGCTGAGGAGGCGGCGCCTAGCGAGTCCCGGGCCGCCGGCCGGCTGAGCTTGGAACTTTGTGCCGAAGCACTCCCGGGCCGGCGGGAGGAGGTGGGGCACGAGGACACGGCCAGCCACCGCCGCCCCCGGGCTGATCCCCGGCGTTGGGCTAGCGGGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTTTGGTTGCTGGAGGCTCCTCTGCTTTTGGGGGTCCGAGCGCAGGCGGCGGGCCAGGTATCCGGGCCGGGCCAGCAAGCCCCGCCGCCGCCCCAGCCCCAGCAGAGCGGGCAGCAGTACAACGGCGAACGGGGCATCTCCATCCCGGACCACGGCTACTGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCGTACAACCAGACCATCATGCCCAACCTGCTGGGCCACACGAATCAGGAGGACGCCGGTCTGGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTACCCTCTGGTGAAGGTGCAGTGCTCCGCCGAGCTCAAGTTCTTCCTGTGCTCCATGTACGCGCCTGTGTGCACCGTACTGGAGCAGGCGCTACCGCCCTGCCGCTCCCTGTGCGAGCGCGCACGCCAGGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAGTGGCCAGACACACTCAAGTGCGAGAAGTTCCCGGTGCACGGCGCAGGAGAGCTGTGCGTGGGCCAGAACACGTCCGACAAAGGCACCCCAACTCCCTCCTTGCTACCAGAGTTCTGGACCAGTAATCCGCAGCAC
ヒトFrizzled1細胞外領域蛋白質をコードするDNA(配列番号35):
ATGGCTGAGGAGGAGGCGCCTAAGAAGTCCCGGGCCGCCGGCGGTGGCGCGAGCTGGGAACTTTGTGCCGGGGCGCTCTCGGCCCGGCTGGCGGAGGAGGGCAGCGGGGACGCCGGTGGCCGCCGCCGCCCGCCAGTTGACCCCCGGCGATTGGCGCGCCAGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTTTGGCTGCTGGAGGCTCCGCTGCTGCTGGGGGTCCGGGCCCAGGCGGCGGGCCAGGGGCCAGGCCAGGGGCCCGGGCCGGGGCAGCAACCGCCGCCGCCGCCTCAGCAGCAACAGAGCGGGCAGCAGTACAACGGCGAGCGGGGCATCTCCGTCCCGGACCACGGCTATTGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCGTACAACCAGACCATCATGCCCAACCTGCTGGGCCACACGAACCAGGAGGACGCGGGCCTGGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTACCCTCTAGTGAAAGTGCAGTGTTCCGCTGAGCTCAAGTTCTTCCTGTGCTCCATGTACGCGCCCGTGTGCACCGTGCTAGAGCAGGCGCTGCCGCCCTGCCGCTCCCTGTGCGAGCGCGCGCGCCAGGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAGTGGCCAGACACGCTCAAGTGTGAGAAGTTCCCGGTGCACGGCGCCGGCGAGCTGTGCGTGGGCCAGAACACGTCCGACAAGGGCACCCCGACGCCCTCGCTGCTTCCAGAGTTCTGGACCAGCAACCCTCAGCAC
マウスFrizzled2細胞外領域蛋白質をコードするDNA(配列番号36):
ATGCGGGCCCGCAGCGCCCTGCCCCGCAGCGCCCTGCCCCGCCTGCTGCTGCCACTGCTGCTGCTGCCGGCCGCCGGACCGGCCCAGTTCCACGGGGAGAAGGGCATCTCCATCCCGGACCACGGCTTCTGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCCTACAACCAGACCATCATGCCCAACCTTCTTGGCCACACGAACCAGGAAGACGCGGGCCTGGAGGTGCATCAGTTCTACCCGCTGGTGAAGGTGCAGTGCTCGCCCGAGCTGCGCTTCTTCCTGTGCTCCATGTACGCGCCGGTGTGCACAGTGCTGGAGCAGGCCATCCCGCCGTGCCGCTCCATCTGCGAGCGCGCGCGCCAAGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAATGGCCCGAGCGCCTCCGCTGCGAGCATTTCCCGCGTCACGGCGCGGAGCAGATCTGCGTGGGCCAGAACCACTCGGAGGACGGAGCTCCTGCGCTA
ヒトFrizzled2細胞外領域蛋白質をコードするDNA(配列番号37):
ATGCGGCCCCGCAGCGCCCTGCCCCGCCTGCTGCTGCCGCTGCTGCTGCTGCCCGCCGCCGGGCCGGCCCAGTTCCACGGGGAGAAGGGCATCTCCATCCCGGACCACGGCTTCTGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCCTACAACCAGACCATCATGCCCAACCTTCTGGGCCACACGAACCAGGAGGACGCAGGCCTAGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTATCCGCTGGTGAAGGTGCAGTGCTCGCCCGAACTGCGCTTCTTCCTGTGCTCCATGTACGCACCCGTGTGCACCGTGCTGGAACAGGCCATCCCGCCGTGCCGCTCTATCTGTGAGCGCGCGCGCCAGGGCTGCGAAGCCCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGTTTTCAGTGGCCCGAGCGCCTGCGCTGCGAGCACTTCCCGCGCCACGGCGCCGAGCAGATCTGCGTCGGCCAGAACCACTCCGAGGACGGAGCTCCCGCGCTA
本発明における核酸は、Frizzled受容体の細胞外システインリッチドメインを含む蛋白質又はその変異体と、上記定義の異種蛋白質との融合蛋白質をコードする核酸も含まれる。異種蛋白質として好ましい例は、哺乳動物由来の免疫グロブリンFc蛋白質であり、特にヒトFc蛋白質が好ましいが、その生物活性(特にADCC及びCDC)を低下又は喪失させるように変異を導入することが望ましい。例えば、変異型ヒトIgG1由来Fc蛋白質をコードするヌクレオチド配列を配列番号3に示す。さらにまた、この変異型ヒトIgG1由来Fc蛋白質(下線部)と、マウス又はヒト由来Frizzled7、1又は2受容体の細胞外システインリッチドメインを含む蛋白質(非下線部)との融合蛋白質をコードするヌクレオチド配列を、以下に例示する。
CAGCCATATCACGGCGAGAAAGGCATCTCGGTACCGGACCACGGCTTCTGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGTTGTGCACGGATATCGCCTACAACCAGACCATCCTGCCCAACCTGCTGGGCCACACGAACCAAGAGGACGCGGGCCTCGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTACCCTCTGGTAAAGGTGCAGTGTTCTCCTGAGCTACGCTTCTTCTTATGCTCTATGTACGCACCCGTGTGCACCGTGCTCGACCAAGCCATTCCTCCGTGCCGTTCCTTGTGCGAGCGCGCCCGACAGGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAGTGGCCAGAGCGGTTGCGCTGCGAGAACTTCCCAGTGCACGGTGCCGGCGAGATCTGCGTGGGGCAGAACACGTCCGACGGCTCCGGGGGCGCGGGCGGCAGTCCCACCGCCTACCCTACTGCTCCCTACCTGGCCGAGCCTAGGTCTTCAGACAAAACTCACACATGCCCACCGTGCCCAGCACCTGAAGCCGAGGGGGCCCCGTCAGTCTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAAGGACACCCTCATGATCTCCCGGACCCCTGAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCCACGAAGACCCTGAGGTCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCATAATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGTACAACAGCACGTACCGTGTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTGCACCAGGACTGGCTGAATGGCAAGGAGTACAAGTGCGCCGTCTCCAACAAAGCCCTCCCAGCCTCCATCGAGAAAACCATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCAGCCCCGAGAACCACAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCATCCCGGGATGAGCTGACCAAGAACCAGGTCAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTCAAAGGCTTCTATCCCAGCGACATCGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCGGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCTTCCTCTACAGCAAGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGGAACGTCTTCTCATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCACTACACGCAGAAGAGCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAATGA
ヒトFrizzled7細胞外領域蛋白質+変異型ヒトIgG1由来Fc蛋白質の融合蛋白質をコードするDNA(配列番号39):
CAGCCGTACCACGGAGAGAAGGGCATCTCCGTGCCGGACCACGGCTTCTGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCCTACAACCAGACCATCCTGCCCAACCTGCTGGGCCACACGAACCAAGAGGACGCGGGCCTCGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTACCCGCTGGTGAAGGTGCAGTGTTCTCCCGAACTCCGCTTTTTCTTATGCTCCATGTATGCGCCCGTGTGCACCGTGCTCGATCAGGCCATCCCGCCGTGTCGTTCTCTGTGCGAGCGCGCCCGCCAGGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAGTGGCCCGAGCGGCTGCGCTGCGAGAACTTCCCGGTGCACGGTGCGGGCGAGATCTGCGTGGGCCAGAACACGTCGGACGGCTCCGGGGGCCCAGGCGGCGGCCCCACTGCCTACCCTACCGCGCCCTACCTGGCCGAGCCTAGGTCTTCAGACAAAACTCACACATGCCCACCGTGCCCAGCACCTGAAGCCGAGGGGGCCCCGTCAGTCTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAAGGACACCCTCATGATCTCCCGGACCCCTGAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCCACGAAGACCCTGAGGTCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCATAATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGTACAACAGCACGTACCGTGTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTGCACCAGGACTGGCTGAATGGCAAGGAGTACAAGTGCGCCGTCTCCAACAAAGCCCTCCCAGCCTCCATCGAGAAAACCATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCAGCCCCGAGAACCACAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCATCCCGGGATGAGCTGACCAAGAACCAGGTCAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTCAAAGGCTTCTATCCCAGCGACATCGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCGGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCTTCCTCTACAGCAAGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGGAACGTCTTCTCATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCACTACACGCAGAAGAGCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAATGA
マウスFrizzled1細胞外領域蛋白質+変異型ヒトIgG1由来Fc蛋白質の融合蛋白質をコードするDNA(配列番号40):
CAGGCGGCGGGCCAGGTATCCGGGCCGGGCCAGCAAGCCCCGCCGCCGCCCCAGCCCCAGCAGAGCGGGCAGCAGTACAACGGCGAACGGGGCATCTCCATCCCGGACCACGGCTACTGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCGTACAACCAGACCATCATGCCCAACCTGCTGGGCCACACGAATCAGGAGGACGCCGGTCTGGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTACCCTCTGGTGAAGGTGCAGTGCTCCGCCGAGCTCAAGTTCTTCCTGTGCTCCATGTACGCGCCTGTGTGCACCGTACTGGAGCAGGCGCTACCGCCCTGCCGCTCCCTGTGCGAGCGCGCACGCCAGGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAGTGGCCAGACACACTCAAGTGCGAGAAGTTCCCGGTGCACGGCGCAGGAGAGCTGTGCGTGGGCCAGAACACGTCCGACAAAGGCACCCCAACTCCCTCCTTGCTACCAGAGTTCTGGACCAGTAATCCGCAGCACGCCGAGCCTAGGTCTTCAGACAAAACTCACACATGCCCACCGTGCCCAGCACCTGAAGCCGAGGGGGCCCCGTCAGTCTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAAGGACACCCTCATGATCTCCCGGACCCCTGAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCCACGAAGACCCTGAGGTCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCATAATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGTACAACAGCACGTACCGTGTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTGCACCAGGACTGGCTGAATGGCAAGGAGTACAAGTGCGCCGTCTCCAACAAAGCCCTCCCAGCCTCCATCGAGAAAACCATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCAGCCCCGAGAACCACAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCATCCCGGGATGAGCTGACCAAGAACCAGGTCAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTCAAAGGCTTCTATCCCAGCGACATCGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCGGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCTTCCTCTACAGCAAGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGGAACGTCTTCTCATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCACTACACGCAGAAGAGCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAATGA
ヒトFrizzled1細胞外領域蛋白質+変異型ヒトIgG1由来Fc蛋白質の融合蛋白質をコードするDNA(配列番号41):
CAGGCGGCGGGCCAGGGGCCAGGCCAGGGGCCCGGGCCGGGGCAGCAACCGCCGCCGCCGCCTCAGCAGCAACAGAGCGGGCAGCAGTACAACGGCGAGCGGGGCATCTCCGTCCCGGACCACGGCTATTGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCGTACAACCAGACCATCATGCCCAACCTGCTGGGCCACACGAACCAGGAGGACGCGGGCCTGGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTACCCTCTAGTGAAAGTGCAGTGTTCCGCTGAGCTCAAGTTCTTCCTGTGCTCCATGTACGCGCCCGTGTGCACCGTGCTAGAGCAGGCGCTGCCGCCCTGCCGCTCCCTGTGCGAGCGCGCGCGCCAGGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAGTGGCCAGACACGCTCAAGTGTGAGAAGTTCCCGGTGCACGGCGCCGGCGAGCTGTGCGTGGGCCAGAACACGTCCGACAAGGGCACCCCGACGCCCTCGCTGCTTCCAGAGTTCTGGACCAGCAACCCTCAGCACGCCGAGCCTAGGTCTTCAGACAAAACTCACACATGCCCACCGTGCCCAGCACCTGAAGCCGAGGGGGCCCCGTCAGTCTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAAGGACACCCTCATGATCTCCCGGACCCCTGAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCCACGAAGACCCTGAGGTCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCATAATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGTACAACAGCACGTACCGTGTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTGCACCAGGACTGGCTGAATGGCAAGGAGTACAAGTGCGCCGTCTCCAACAAAGCCCTCCCAGCCTCCATCGAGAAAACCATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCAGCCCCGAGAACCACAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCATCCCGGGATGAGCTGACCAAGAACCAGGTCAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTCAAAGGCTTCTATCCCAGCGACATCGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCGGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCTTCCTCTACAGCAAGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGGAACGTCTTCTCATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCACTACACGCAGAAGAGCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAATGA
マウスFrizzled2細胞外領域蛋白質+変異型ヒトIgG1由来Fc蛋白質の融合蛋白質をコードするDNA(配列番号42):
CAGTTCCACGGGGAGAAGGGCATCTCCATCCCGGACCACGGCTTCTGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCCTACAACCAGACCATCATGCCCAACCTTCTTGGCCACACGAACCAGGAAGACGCGGGCCTGGAGGTGCATCAGTTCTACCCGCTGGTGAAGGTGCAGTGCTCGCCCGAGCTGCGCTTCTTCCTGTGCTCCATGTACGCGCCGGTGTGCACAGTGCTGGAGCAGGCCATCCCGCCGTGCCGCTCCATCTGCGAGCGCGCGCGCCAAGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAATGGCCCGAGCGCCTCCGCTGCGAGCATTTCCCGCGTCACGGCGCGGAGCAGATCTGCGTGGGCCAGAACCACTCGGAGGACGGAGCTCCTGCGCTAGCCGAGCCTAGGTCTTCAGACAAAACTCACACATGCCCACCGTGCCCAGCACCTGAAGCCGAGGGGGCCCCGTCAGTCTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAAGGACACCCTCATGATCTCCCGGACCCCTGAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCCACGAAGACCCTGAGGTCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCATAATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGTACAACAGCACGTACCGTGTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTGCACCAGGACTGGCTGAATGGCAAGGAGTACAAGTGCGCCGTCTCCAACAAAGCCCTCCCAGCCTCCATCGAGAAAACCATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCAGCCCCGAGAACCACAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCATCCCGGGATGAGCTGACCAAGAACCAGGTCAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTCAAAGGCTTCTATCCCAGCGACATCGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCGGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCTTCCTCTACAGCAAGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGGAACGTCTTCTCATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCACTACACGCAGAAGAGCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAATGA
ヒトFrizzled2細胞外領域蛋白質+変異型ヒトIgG1由来Fc蛋白質の融合蛋白質をコードするDNA(配列番号43):
CAGTTCCACGGGGAGAAGGGCATCTCCATCCCGGACCACGGCTTCTGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCCTACAACCAGACCATCATGCCCAACCTTCTGGGCCACACGAACCAGGAGGACGCAGGCCTAGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTATCCGCTGGTGAAGGTGCAGTGCTCGCCCGAACTGCGCTTCTTCCTGTGCTCCATGTACGCACCCGTGTGCACCGTGCTGGAACAGGCCATCCCGCCGTGCCGCTCTATCTGTGAGCGCGCGCGCCAGGGCTGCGAAGCCCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGTTTTCAGTGGCCCGAGCGCCTGCGCTGCGAGCACTTCCCGCGCCACGGCGCCGAGCAGATCTGCGTCGGCCAGAACCACTCCGAGGACGGAGCTCCCGCGCTAGCCGAGCCTAGGTCTTCAGACAAAACTCACACATGCCCACCGTGCCCAGCACCTGAAGCCGAGGGGGCCCCGTCAGTCTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAAGGACACCCTCATGATCTCCCGGACCCCTGAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCCACGAAGACCCTGAGGTCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCATAATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGTACAACAGCACGTACCGTGTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTGCACCAGGACTGGCTGAATGGCAAGGAGTACAAGTGCGCCGTCTCCAACAAAGCCCTCCCAGCCTCCATCGAGAAAACCATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCAGCCCCGAGAACCACAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCATCCCGGGATGAGCTGACCAAGAACCAGGTCAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTCAAAGGCTTCTATCCCAGCGACATCGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCGGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCTTCCTCTACAGCAAGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGGAACGTCTTCTCATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCACTACACGCAGAAGAGCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAATGA
また、マウス及びヒト由来のFrizzled7、Frizzled1及びFrizzled2の細胞外領域蛋白質のN末端側の第1システイン残基から第10システイン残基までのシステインリッチドメイン(CRD)のアミノ酸配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列を以下に例示する。
TGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGTTGTGCACGGATATCGCCTACAACCAGACCATCCTGCCCAACCTGCTGGGCCACACGAACCAAGAGGACGCGGGCCTCGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTACCCTCTGGTAAAGGTGCAGTGTTCTCCTGAGCTACGCTTCTTCTTATGCTCTATGTACGCACCCGTGTGCACCGTGCTCGACCAAGCCATTCCTCCGTGCCGTTCCTTGTGCGAGCGCGCCCGACAGGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAGTGGCCAGAGCGGTTGCGCTGCGAGAACTTCCCAGTGCACGGTGCCGGCGAGATCTGC
配列番号45:Frizzled7 ヒト CRD
TGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCCTACAACCAGACCATCCTGCCCAACCTGCTGGGCCACACGAACCAAGAGGACGCGGGCCTCGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTACCCGCTGGTGAAGGTGCAGTGTTCTCCCGAACTCCGCTTTTTCTTATGCTCCATGTATGCGCCCGTGTGCACCGTGCTCGATCAGGCCATCCCGCCGTGTCGTTCTCTGTGCGAGCGCGCCCGCCAGGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAGTGGCCCGAGCGGCTGCGCTGCGAGAACTTCCCGGTGCACGGTGCGGGCGAGATCTGC
配列番号46:Frizzled1 マウス CRD
TGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCGTACAACCAGACCATCATGCCCAACCTGCTGGGCCACACGAATCAGGAGGACGCCGGTCTGGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTACCCTCTGGTGAAGGTGCAGTGCTCCGCCGAGCTCAAGTTCTTCCTGTGCTCCATGTACGCGCCTGTGTGCACCGTACTGGAGCAGGCGCTACCGCCCTGCCGCTCCCTGTGCGAGCGCGCACGCCAGGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAGTGGCCAGACACACTCAAGTGCGAGAAGTTCCCGGTGCACGGCGCAGGAGAGCTGTGC
配列番号47:Frizzled1 ヒト CRD
TGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCGTACAACCAGACCATCATGCCCAACCTGCTGGGCCACACGAACCAGGAGGACGCGGGCCTGGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTACCCTCTAGTGAAAGTGCAGTGTTCCGCTGAGCTCAAGTTCTTCCTGTGCTCCATGTACGCGCCCGTGTGCACCGTGCTAGAGCAGGCGCTGCCGCCCTGCCGCTCCCTGTGCGAGCGCGCGCGCCAGGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAGTGGCCAGACACGCTCAAGTGTGAGAAGTTCCCGGTGCACGGCGCCGGCGAGCTGTGC
配列番号48:Frizzled2 マウス CRD
TGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCCTACAACCAGACCATCATGCCCAACCTTCTTGGCCACACGAACCAGGAAGACGCGGGCCTGGAGGTGCATCAGTTCTACCCGCTGGTGAAGGTGCAGTGCTCGCCCGAGCTGCGCTTCTTCCTGTGCTCCATGTACGCGCCGGTGTGCACAGTGCTGGAGCAGGCCATCCCGCCGTGCCGCTCCATCTGCGAGCGCGCGCGCCAAGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAATGGCCCGAGCGCCTCCGCTGCGAGCATTTCCCGCGTCACGGCGCGGAGCAGATCTGC
配列番号49:Frizzled2 ヒト CRD
TGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCCTACAACCAGACCATCATGCCCAACCTTCTGGGCCACACGAACCAGGAGGACGCAGGCCTAGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTATCCGCTGGTGAAGGTGCAGTGCTCGCCCGAACTGCGCTTCTTCCTGTGCTCCATGTACGCACCCGTGTGCACCGTGCTGGAACAGGCCATCCCGCCGTGCCGCTCTATCTGTGAGCGCGCGCGCCAGGGCTGCGAAGCCCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGTTTTCAGTGGCCCGAGCGCCTGCGCTGCGAGCACTTCCCGCGCCACGGCGCCGAGCAGATCTGC
上記融合蛋白質をコードするヌクレオチド配列には、シグナル配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列をさらに含むことができる。シグナル配列の例は、ヒト蛋白質由来のシグナル配列、例えばヒトFrizzled1、2及び7由来のシグナル配列、ヒトCD33由来のシグナル配列、ヒト血清アルブミン由来のシグナル配列、ヒトプレプロトリプシン由来のシグナル配列等である。
本発明は更に、上で説明したFrizzled1、Frizzled2又はFrizzled7受容体の細胞外システインリッチドメイン又はその変異体を含む蛋白質、或いは、該蛋白質をコードする核酸を含むベクターを有効成分とする骨疾患治療用組成物を提供する。
本発明は、Frizzled7、Frizzled1、又はFrizzled2受容体の細胞外システインリッチドメインの生体内機能を解析するためのB細胞特異的発現ノックインキメラマウス及びその作製法を通して見出されたものである。
び胸骨の海綿骨の増加が観察された。また、後述の実施例5及び16においては、Frizzled1細胞外システインリッチドメインノックインキメラマウス特異的な表現型として、実施例5(5-1)より大腿骨の白色化、胸骨の白色化、頭蓋骨の白色化と硬化、椎骨の硬化、肋骨の硬化が、実施例5(5-2)より脛骨のX線写真撮影から、脛骨の骨密度増加が、実施例5(5-4)よりH&E染色された病理切片の観察から、大腿骨の骨幹壁厚の肥厚と海綿骨増加及び胸骨の海綿骨の増加が、実施例16(16-2-2)より脛骨の単位骨量の増加が、実施例16(16-2-4)より脛骨の石灰化速度・石灰化面・骨形成速度の増加が、実施例16(16-3)より大腿骨の最大荷重増加が、実施例16(16-4)より大腿骨遠位骨幹端部の海綿骨領域における単位骨量増加、骨梁幅増加、骨梁数増加、骨梁間隔低下、骨梁中心間距離低下が観察された。さらに、後述の実施例10及び19においては、Frizzled2細胞外システインリッチドメインノックインキメラマウス特異的な表現型として、実施例10(10-1)より大腿骨の白色化、胸骨の白色化、頭蓋骨の白色化と硬化、椎骨の硬化、肋骨の硬化が、実施例10(10-2)よりH&E染色された病理切片の観察から、大腿骨の骨幹壁厚の肥厚が、実施例19(19-4-2)より脛骨の単位骨量の増加が、実施例19(19-4-4)より脛骨の石灰化速度・石灰化面・骨形成速度の増加が、実施例19-4-5より破骨細胞数・破骨細胞面の低下が、実施例19(19-5)より大腿骨の最大荷重増加が、実施例19(19-6)より大腿骨遠位骨幹端部の海綿骨領域における単位骨量増加、骨梁幅増加、骨梁数増加、骨梁間隔低下、骨梁中心間距離低下が観察された。
国際公開第WO2006/78072号パンフレットの実施例記載の方法に従い、マウスFZD7-cDNA(開始コドンから終止コドンを含む1719bp、配列番号1)及びヒトIgG1Fc変異体-cDNA(FZD7の細胞外システインリッチドメインと結合させるため挿入したリンカー配列から終止コドンを含む702bp、配列番号3)より、pUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIベクターを作製した。
以下に、ヒトIgG1 由来Fc変異体(hFcm)のcDNA配列及びアミノ酸配列を配列番号3及び4に示す。公知の情報(Tawara, T., et al., J. Immunology, 180, 2294-2298(2008);Gross, J. A., et al., Immunity, 15, 289-302(2001);国際公開第WO02/094852号パンフレット)を基に本来のヒトIgG1 由来Fc領域配列の中で、ADCC活性低下型に変えるため変異させたcDNA及びアミノ酸配列部分(N末端側より変異前と変異後のアミノ酸を記す。L→A、L→E、G→A)を二重下線で、CDC活性低下型に変えるため変異させたcDNA及びアミノ酸配列部分(変異前と変異後のアミノ酸配列を記す。K→A、P→S)を囲み線で、FZD7の細胞外システインリッチドメインのC末端アミノ酸と結合させるため本来のヒトIgG1由来Fc配列の5’末端に付加したリンカー配列(SfoI認識配列を含む)を下線で示す。公知の情報[Gross, J. A., et al., Immunity, 15, 289-302(2001)]から、上記方法以外にCDC活性低下型に変えるため、配列番号4記載のN末端より116番目のAをSに変異させることも可能である。
以下に、pUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIベクター発現ユニットの開始コドンから終止コドンまでのポリヌクレオチド配列[配列番号5:マウスFZD7シグナル配列を、イントロン領域を含んだマウスIgκシグナル配列(下線部分)に置換し、その下流にマウスFZD7crd-hFcm配列を含む1462bpより構成される。囲み線の部分はマウスFrizzled7細胞外システインリッチドメイン、二重線の部分はhFcmを示す]、及び該cDNAがコードするアミノ酸配列(配列番号6:406アミノ酸。下線部分はマウスIgκシグナル配列、囲み線の部分はマウスFrizzled7細胞外システインリッチドメイン、二重下線の部分はhFcmを示す)を示す。イントロン領域を含んだマウスIgκシグナル配列情報はGenBankより取得したMUSIGKVR1(アクセッション番号K02159)を基に、その上流のゲノム配列をUCSCマウスゲノムデータベースより取得した。
配列番号6:
pUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIベクターを用い、国際公開第WO2006/78072号のパンフレットの実施例記載の方法に従いB細胞特異的にマウスFrizzled7細胞外システインリッチドメインとヒトFcmとの融合体を発現するUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスは作製された。
2-1.剖検所見
上記実施例1で作製されたキメラマウスを用い、16週齢において剖検を実施し、脾臓、肝臓、腎臓、副腎、胃、小腸、盲腸、大腸、膵臓、腸間膜リンパ節、雌雄生殖器、胸腺、肺、心臓、脳、筋肉、皮膚、大腿骨、胸骨、頭蓋骨、椎骨、肋骨について観察を行った。その結果、特徴的な変化としてUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスにおいてコントロールマウスに比べ大腿骨の白色化、胸骨の白色化、頭蓋骨の白色化と硬化、椎骨の白色化と硬化、肋骨の硬化が認められた。また、USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスの約半数の個体で脾臓の肥大が認められた。それぞれ変化が観察された個体数を以下に記す。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス20個体中全ての個体においてコントロール29個体に比べ白色化が観察された。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス20個体中全ての個体においてコントロール29個体に比べ白色化が観察された。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス20個体中、コントロール29個体に比べ白色化は16個体、硬化は18個体認められた。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス20個体中、コントロール29個体に比べ白色化は1個体、硬化は10個体認められた。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス20個体中、コントロール29個体に比べ硬化は7個体認められた。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス20個体中、コントロールに比べ11個体で肥大傾向が認められた。但し同様の変化はコントロール個体においても29個体中、4個体で認められた。
16週齢のコントロールキメラマウス7個体及びUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス20個体から由来する肝臓、腎臓、心臓、肺、脾臓、胸腺、腸間膜リンパ節、膵臓、脳、副腎、精巣(雄性の場合)、卵巣(雌性の場合)、大腿骨、胸骨、胃、十二指腸、空腸、回腸、盲腸、結腸、脊髄、大動脈、骨格筋、皮膚のH&E染色病理切片を用いた観察から、USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスの全例において大腿骨の海綿骨増加及び胸骨の海綿骨の増加が観察された(図1、2)。コントロール個体においては1個体においてのみ上記同様の変化を示す個体が観察された。骨以外の臓器・組織においては、コントロールに比べ顕著な変化は観察されなかった。
16週齢のコントロールキメラマウス(雌5個体、雄4個体)及びUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス(雌7個体、雄6個体)由来脛骨を用いてX線写真(μFX-1000、FUJIFILM社製)を撮影した(図3、4)。
8週齢のUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラ雌マウス14個体、USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラ雄マウス6個体から、8週齢のコントロール雌マウス15個体、コントロール雄マウス9個体から、15週齢のUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラ雌マウス14個体、USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラ雄マウス6個体から、15週齢のコントロール雌マウス14個体、コントロール雄マウス11個体からエーテル麻酔状態下、ガラスキャピラリーを用いて眼窩採血を行い、ADVIA120(バイエルメディカル株式会社)を用いて血球成分(赤血球数、ヘモグロビン、ヘマトクリット、MCH、MCHC、網状赤血球数、白血球数、血小板数、リンパ球数、好中球数、単球数、好酸球数、好塩基球数)分析を実施した。その結果、8週齢15週齢共に、USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスで得られた値はコントロールに比べ顕著な変化を示さなかった。
16週齢のUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラ雌マウス14個体、USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラ雄マウス6個体、コントロール雌マウス16個体、コントロール雄マウス14個体よりエーテル麻酔下で全採血し、血清を調製した。日立7180(株式会社日立サイエンスシステムズ)を用い血清生化学(LDH活性、GOT活性、GPT活性、CK活性、ALP活性、AMY活性、LAP活性、LIP活性、T-CHO濃度、F-CHO濃度、LDL-CHO濃度、HDL-CHO濃度、TG濃度、PL濃度、GLU濃度、GA%、UA濃度、BUN濃度、CREA濃度、T-BIL濃度、D-BIL濃度、TP濃度、ALB濃度、A/G比、IP濃度、Ca濃度、Mg濃度、Na濃度、K濃度、Cl濃度、Fe濃度、UIBC濃度、TIBC濃度)分析を実施した。その結果、USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスで得られた値はコントロールに比べ顕著な変化を示さなかった。
2-6-1.USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス由来血清を用いたマウスFZD7細胞外システインリッチドメインとヒトFc変異体との融合体のELISA測定
16週齢USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス(雌14個体、雄6個体)血清中に存在するマウスFZD7細胞外システインリッチドメインとヒトFc変異体との融合体をELISA法によって検出した。
ヒトIgG認識ウサギポリクローナル抗体を用いた、16週齢USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス及びコントロールキメラマウス由来血清のウエスタン解析を行った。ウエスタン解析に用いたサンプルとして、予め血清50μLをプロテインGカラム(GEヘルスケア、レジン体積約100μL)にアプライし、非特異的吸着物を除いた後、血清1.25μL及び2.5μL相当のレジンを解析用サンプルとして用いた。その結果、還元条件下で60kDa付近にUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス特有のメインバンドが検出された(図5)。本解析で得られた分子量は本来アミノ酸配列でのみ予測される分子量(還元条件下:42.8kDa)より大きな分子量を示したが、本融合体はN-link、O-link糖鎖付加予測サイトをそれぞれ3箇所含み、糖鎖付加による分子量の増加が示唆された。
実施例1記載の方法に従い、ヒトFZD7-cDNA(配列番号7)及びヒトIgG1Fc変異体-cDNA(配列番号3)より、pUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIベクターを作製した。
以下に、pUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIベクター発現ユニットの開始コドンから終止コドンまでのポリヌクレオチド配列[配列番号9:ヒトFZD7シグナル配列を、イントロン領域を含んだマウスIgκシグナル配列(下線部分)に置換し、その下流にヒトFZD7crd-hFcm配列を含む1462bpより構成される。囲み線の部分はヒトFrizzled7細胞外システインリッチドメイン、二重下線の部分はhFcmを示す]、及び該cDNAがコードするアミノ酸配列(配列番号10:406アミノ酸。下線部分はマウスIgκシグナル配列、囲み線の部分はヒトFrizzled7細胞外システインリッチドメイン、二重下線の部分はhFcmを示す)を示す。イントロン領域を含んだマウスIgκシグナル配列情報はGenBankより取得したMUSIGKVR1(アクセッション番号K02159)を基に、その上流のゲノム配列をUCSCマウスゲノムデータベースより取得した。
配列番号10:
pUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIベクターを用い、国際公開第WO2006/78072号のパンフレットの実施例記載の方法に従いB細胞特異的にヒトFrizzled7細胞外システインリッチドメインとヒトFcmとの融合体を発現するUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスは作製される。
実施例1記載の方法に従い、マウスFZD1-cDNA(開始コドンから終止コドンを含む1929bp 配列番号11)及びヒトIgG1Fc変異体-cDNA(配列番号3)より、pUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIベクターを作製した。
以下に、pUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIベクター発現ユニットの開始コドンから終止コドンまでのポリヌクレオチド配列[配列番号13:マウスFZD1シグナル配列を、イントロン領域を含んだマウスIgκシグナル配列(下線部分)に置換し、その下流にマウスFZD1crd-hFcm配列を含む1534bpより構成される。囲み線の部分はマウスFrizzled1細胞外システインリッチドメイン、二重下線の部分はhFcmを示す]、及び該cDNAがコードするアミノ酸配列(配列番号14:430アミノ酸、下線部分はマウスIgκシグナル配列、囲み線の部分はマウスFrizzled1細胞外システインリッチドメイン、二重下線の部分はhFcmを示す)を示す。イントロン領域を含んだマウスIgκシグナル配列情報はGenBankより取得したMUSIGKVR1(アクセッション番号K02159)を基に、その上流のゲノム配列をUCSCマウスゲノムデータベースより取得した。
配列番号14:
pUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIベクターを用い、国際公開第WO2006/78072号のパンフレットの実施例記載の方法に従いB細胞特異的にマウスFrizzled1細胞外システインリッチドメインとヒトFcmとの融合体を発現するUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスは作製される。
5-1.剖検所見
上記実施例4で作製されたキメラマウスを用い、16週齢において剖検を実施し、脾臓、肝臓、腎臓、副腎、胃、小腸、盲腸、大腸、膵臓、腸間膜リンパ節、雌雄生殖器、胸腺、肺、心臓、脳、筋肉、皮膚、大腿骨、胸骨、頭蓋骨、椎骨、肋骨について観察を行った。その結果、特徴的な変化としてUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスにおいてコントロールマウスに比べ大腿骨の白色化、胸骨の白色化、頭蓋骨の白色化と硬化、椎骨の硬化、肋骨の硬化が認められた。それぞれ変化が観察された個体数を以下に記す。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス20個体中10個体においてコントロール10個体に比べ白色化が観察された。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス20個体中18個体においてコントロール10個体に比べ白色化が観察された。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス20個体中、コントロール10個体に比べ白色化は19個体、硬化は13個体認められた。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス20個体中、コントロール10個体に比べ硬化は10個体認められた。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス20個体中、コントロール10個体に比べ硬化は7個体認められた。
16週齢のコントロールキメラマウス(雌9個体、雄7個体)及びUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス(雌8個体、雄3個体)由来脛骨を用いてX線写真(μFX-1000、FUJIFILM社製)を撮影した(図6、7)。
8週齢のUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラ雌マウス17個体、USmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラ雄マウス3個体から、8週齢のコントロール雌マウス21個体、コントロール雄マウス4個体から、15週齢のUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラ雌マウス17個体、USmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラ雄マウス3個体から、15週齢のコントロール雌マウス17個体、コントロール雄マウス4個体からエーテル麻酔状態下、ガラスキャピラリーを用いて眼窩採血を行い、ADVIA120(バイエルメディカル株式会社)を用いて血球成分(赤血球数、ヘモグロビン、ヘマトクリット、MCH、MCHC、網状赤血球数、白血球数、血小板数、リンパ球数、好中球数、単球数、好酸球数、好塩基球数)分析を実施した。その結果、8週齢15週齢共に、USmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスで得られた値はコントロールに比べ顕著な変化を示さなかった。
16週齢のコントロールキメラマウス9個体及びUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス20個体から由来する肝臓、腎臓、心臓、肺、脾臓、胸腺、腸間膜リンパ節、膵臓、脳、副腎、精巣(雄性の場合)、卵巣(雌性の場合)、大腿骨、胸骨、胃、十二指腸、空腸、回腸、盲腸、結腸、脊髄、大動脈、骨格筋、皮膚のH&E染色病理切片を用い観察を行った。その結果、特徴的な変化としてUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスにおいてコントロールマウスに比べ大腿骨の骨幹壁厚の肥厚(図8、9、表1)と海綿骨の増加(図10)及び胸骨の海綿骨の増加(図11)が認められた。それぞれの変化が観察された個体数を以下に記す。
剖検を実施したコントロール9個体に比べUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス20個体中11個体において骨幹壁厚の肥厚が、またUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス20個体中15個体において海綿骨の増加が観察された。更に、大腿骨の3地点(近位端より30%、50%及び80%)の横断切片について、USmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス7個体、コントロールマウス2個体由来のサンプルを用いて骨幹壁厚を計測した結果、近位端より50%地点の最大壁厚値でコントロールよりも高値を示した(図9、表1)。また、80%地点での海綿骨増加の所見が7個体中5個体で認められた(表1)。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス20個体中14個体においてコントロール9個体に比べ海綿骨の増加が観察された。
16週齢USmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス(雌17個体、雄3個体)血清中に存在するマウスFZD1細胞外システインリッチドメインとヒトFc変異体との融合体をELISA法によって検出した。
実施例1記載の方法に従い、ヒトFZD1-cDNA(配列番号15)及びヒトIgG1Fc変異体-cDNA(配列番号3)より、pUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIベクターを作製した。
以下に、pUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIベクター発現ユニットの開始コドンから終止コドンまでのポリヌクレオチド配列[配列番号17:ヒトFZD1シグナル配列を、イントロン領域を含んだマウスIgκシグナル配列(下線部分)に置換し、その下流にヒトFZD1crd-hFcm配列を含む1546bpより構成される。囲み線の部分はヒトFrizzled1細胞外システインリッチドメイン、二重下線の部分はhFcmを示す]、及び該cDNAがコードするアミノ酸配列(配列番号18:434アミノ酸。下線部分はマウスIgκシグナル配列、囲み線の部分はヒトFrizzled1細胞外システインリッチドメイン、二重下線の部分はhFcmを示す)を示す。イントロン領域を含んだマウスIgκシグナル配列情報はGenBankより取得したMUSIGKVR1(アクセッション番号K02159)を基に、その上流のゲノム配列をUCSCマウスゲノムデータベースより取得した。
配列番号18:
pUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIベクターを用い、国際公開第WO2006/78072号のパンフレットの実施例記載の方法に従いB細胞特異的にヒトFrizzled1細胞外システインリッチドメインとヒトFcmとの融合体を発現するUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスは作製される。
7-1.mFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体発現ベクターの構築
7-1-1.pLN1V5ベクターの構築
5’末端にBamHI・NheI・SalIサイトを3’末端にXhoIサイトを持つ(V5タグ+Stop codon)センスオリゴDNA(V5S)及びそれに対するアンチセンスオリゴDNA(V5AS)を合成した。
V5AS:TCGAGTCACGTAGAATCGAGACCGAGGAGAGGGTTAGGGATAGGCTTACCGTCGACGCTAGCG(配列番号51)
上記合成オリゴDNAを、掛田らの報告[Gene Ther., 12, 852-856(2005)]に記載されたpLN1ベクター上のBamHI-XhoIサイトに導入し、pLN1V5ベクターを構築した。
088Fc_BHIkozakFw:TAAAGGATCCCGGCCACCATGCGGGGCCCCGGCACGGCGG
(配列番号52)
088Fc_mFZD7G1SA_3primer:GTCTGAAGACCTAGGCTCGGCCAGGTAGGGAGCAGTAGGG
(配列番号53)
G1SA_5primer:GCCGAGCCTAGGTCTTCAGAC
(配列番号54)
SalIG1SARev:TAAAGTCGACTCATTTACCCGGAGACAGGG
(配列番号55)
Prime STAR HS DNA Polymerase(日本国タカラバイオ株式会社)を用い添付文書にしたがって反応液を調製し、50μl反応液中に配列番号52及び53のプライマー各10pmol、鋳型としマウスFZD7 cDNA(配列番号1)を添加し、98℃1分保温した後、98℃10秒、57℃5秒、及び72℃2分を1サイクルとして20サイクル増幅し、得られた594bpの増幅断片を0.8%ゲルで分離回収した。回収されたゲルからQIAquick Gel Extraction Kit(日本国株式会社キアゲン)を用い添付文書にしたがって増幅断片(BamHI mFZD7crd hFcm)を回収した。
実施例7-1-2で回収されたPCR増幅断片をBamHI及びSalI(日本国ロシュ・ダイアグノスティックス株式会社)で酵素消化し、0.8%アガロースゲルで分離回収した。回収されたゲルからQIAquick Gel Extraction Extraction Kit(日本国株式会社キアゲン)を用い添付文書にしたがって酵素処理断片を回収した。得られた酵素処理断片を実施例7-1-1で作製されたpLN1V5ベクターのBamHI・SalIサイトに導入し、mFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体発現ベクター(図12)を構築した。
ATGCGGGGCCCCGGCACGGCGGCGTCGCACTCGCCCCTGGGCCTCTGCGCCCTGGTGCTTGCTCTTCTGTGCGCGCTGCCCACGGACACCCGGGCTCAGCCATATCACGGCGAGAAAGGCATCTCGGTACCGGACCACGGCTTCTGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGTTGTGCACGGATATCGCCTACAACCAGACCATCCTGCCCAACCTGCTGGGCCACACGAACCAAGAGGACGCGGGCCTCGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTACCCTCTGGTAAAGGTGCAGTGTTCTCCTGAGCTACGCTTCTTCTTATGCTCTATGTACGCACCCGTGTGCACCGTGCTCGACCAAGCCATTCCTCCGTGCCGTTCCTTGTGCGAGCGCGCCCGACAGGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAGTGGCCAGAGCGGTTGCGCTGCGAGAACTTCCCAGTGCACGGTGCCGGCGAGATCTGCGTGGGGCAGAACACGTCCGACGGCTCCGGGGGCGCGGGCGGCAGTCCCACCGCCTACCCTACTGCTCCCTACCTGGCCGAGCCTAGGTCTTCAGACAAAACTCACACATGCCCACCGTGCCCAGCACCTGAAGCCGAGGGGGCCCCGTCAGTCTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAAGGACACCCTCATGATCTCCCGGACCCCTGAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCCACGAAGACCCTGAGGTCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCATAATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGTACAACAGCACGTACCGTGTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTGCACCAGGACTGGCTGAATGGCAAGGAGTACAAGTGCGCCGTCTCCAACAAAGCCCTCCCAGCCTCCATCGAGAAAACCATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCAGCCCCGAGAACCACAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCATCCCGGGATGAGCTGACCAAGAACCAGGTCAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTCAAAGGCTTCTATCCCAGCGACATCGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCGGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCTTCCTCTACAGCAAGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGGAACGTCTTCTCATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCACTACACGCAGAAGAGCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAATGA
配列番号57:
MRGPGTAASHSPLGLCALVLALLCALPTDTRAQPYHGEKGISVPDHGFCQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTILPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSPELRFFLCSMYAPVCTVLDQAIPPCRSLCERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPERLRCENFPVHGAGEICVGQNTSDGSGGAGGSPTAYPTAPYLAEPRSSDKTHTCPPCPAPEAEGAPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCAVSNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
7-2.mFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体発現ベクターを用いたmFZD7crd-hFcmの一過的発現
7-2-1.遺伝子導入用発現ベクター調製
実施例7-1-3で取得されたmFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体発現ベクターを大腸菌DH5αに導入し、得られた形質転換体よりDNAをプラスミド精製キット(Qiagen plasmid Maxi kit、日本国株式会社キアゲン)を用い調製した。
Free style 293F細胞(日本国インビトロジェン株式会社)をFree style 293 Expression Medium(日本国インビトロジェン株式会社)を用い、37℃、5%CO2、125rpm条件下、細胞密度が2×105から3×106cells/mLの範囲内で培養する。培地1Lを用いて培養した場合、発現ベクター1mgに35mLのOpti-MEM I Reduced Serum Medium(日本国インビトロジェン株式会社)を加えた溶液、及び1.3mLの293 fectin Transfection Reagent(日本国インビトロジェン株式会社)に33.7mLのOpti-MEM I Reduced Serum Mediumを加えた溶液をそれぞれ調製し、5分間室温でインキュベートした。インキュベート後この2液を混合し、更に約30分間室温でインキュベートした。その後、1x109cells/LのFree style 293F細胞を含む培地に前記方法で処理された発現ベクターを添加し、3日間培養した。
7-3-1.培養上清前処理
実施例7-2-2で得られた培養液の上清を回収し、0.22μmフィルター(0.22μm GP Express Membrane 500mL、日本国日本ミリポア株式会社)で濾過処理を行った後4℃で冷却した。
用いた酸性bufferの組成はクエン酸一水和物(日本国ナカライテスク株式会社)3.895g、クエン酸三ナトリウム(日本国和光純薬工業株式会社)0.38g、塩化ナトリウム(日本国純正化学株式会社)2.92gを水に溶かし、1Lとしたものである。用いた中和bufferの組成はリン酸二水素ナトリウム・二水和物(日本国関東化学株式会社)13.1gとリン酸水素二ナトリウム・12水和物(日本国和光純薬工業株式会社)41.5gを水に溶かし、1Lとしたものである。
実施例7-3-2で得られた精製標品中のbufferを限外濾過膜VIVASPIN20 10,000 MW COPES(日本国ザルトリウス・ステディム・ジャパン株式会社)を用いてサンプルを濃縮した。その後、NAP-25Columns(日本国GEヘルスケア バイオサイエンス株式会社)を用いてPBSに置換した。濃縮置換操作終了後0.22μmフィルター(Millex GV、日本国日本ミリポア株式会社)により濾過処理を行った。
8-1.マウスへの投与
mFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体による骨組織に対する生理作用を評価する目的で、マウスへの投与実験を行った。
剖検において、右大腿骨及び胸骨等の組織を採取し、10%中性緩衝ホルマリン液(日本国和光純薬株式会社)に浸漬して固定の後、脱灰操作を行い、H&E標本を作製し、大腿骨における近位端より50%地点の最大骨幹壁厚を測定した。
上記実施例8-2にて剖検を実施した、mFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体投与マウス4個体の大腿骨、胸骨、頭蓋骨について観察を行った。その結果、特徴的な変化としてmFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体投与マウスにおいて大腿骨の白色化、胸骨の白色化、頭蓋骨の白色化、胸骨の白色化、節が太くなる傾向が認められた。それぞれ変化が観察された個体数を以下に記す。
剖検を実施したmFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体投与マウス4個体中3個体において白色化が観察された。
剖検を実施したmFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体投与マウス4個体中2個体において白色化が観測された。
剖検を実施したmFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体投与マウス4個体中1個体において白色化、2個体において節が太くなる傾向が観察された。
剖検において、脛骨の組織を採取し、脛骨の非脱灰薄切標本を作製しトルイジンブルー染色を行った。なお、薄切標本を作製するため予め脛骨サンプルはGMA(Glycolmethacrylate)樹脂で包埋処理した。得られた非脱灰薄切標本の骨幹端部二次海綿骨部分について構造パラメーターである単位骨量BV/TVを測定した。
実施例1記載の方法に従い、マウスFZD2-cDNA(開始コドンから終止コドンを含む1713bp、配列番号58)及びヒトIgG1Fc変異体-cDNA(配列番号3)より、pUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KIベクターを作製した。
以下に、pUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KIベクター発現ユニットの開始コドンから終止コドンまでのポリヌクレオチド配列[配列番号60:マウスFZD2シグナル配列を、イントロン領域を含んだマウスIgκシグナル配列(下線部分)に置換し、その下流にマウスFZD2crd-hFcm配列を含む1423bpより構成される。囲み線の部分はマウスFrizzled2細胞外システインリッチドメイン、二重線の部分はhFcmを示す]、及び該cDNAがコードするアミノ酸配列(配列番号61:393アミノ酸。下線部分はマウスIgκシグナル配列、囲み線の部分はマウスFrizzled2細胞外システインリッチドメイン、二重下線の部分はhFcmを示す)を示す。イントロン領域を含んだマウスIgκシグナル配列情報はGenBankより取得したMUSIGKVR1(アクセッション番号K02159)を基に、その上流のゲノム配列をUCSCマウスゲノムデータベースより取得した。
配列番号61:
pUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KIベクターを用い、国際公開第WO2006/78072号パンフレットの実施例に従いB細胞特異的にマウスFZD2細胞外システインリッチドメインとヒトFcmとの融合体を発現するUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスは作製される。
10-1.剖検所見
上記実施例9で作製されたキメラマウスを用い、16週齢において剖検を実施し、脾臓、肝臓、腎臓、副腎、胃、小腸、盲腸、大腸、膵臓、腸間膜リンパ節、雌雄生殖器、胸腺、肺、心臓、脳、筋肉、皮膚、大腿骨、胸骨、頭蓋骨、椎骨、肋骨について観察を行った。その結果、特徴的な変化としてUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスにおいてコントロールマウスに比べ大腿骨の白色化、胸骨の白色化、頭蓋骨の白色化と硬化、椎骨の硬化、肋骨の硬化が認められた。それぞれ変化が観察された個体数を以下に記す。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス12個体中7個体においてコントロール6個体に比べ白色化が観察された。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス12個体中9個体においてコントロール6個体に比べ白色化が観察された。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス12個体中、コントロール6個体に比べ白色化は6個体、硬化は4個体認められた。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス12個体中、コントロール6個体に比べ硬化は2個体認められた。
剖検を実施したUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス12個体中、コントロール6個体に比べ硬化は2個体認められた。
実施例8-2に記載の方法に従い、大腿骨における近位端より30%、50%及び80%の各地点の最大骨幹壁厚を測定した。
11-1.mFZD1crd-hFcm組換え体発現ベクターの構築
実施例7-1記載の方法に従い、配列番号54、55、62、63のPCRプライマー、及び鋳型としてマウスFzd1 cDNA(配列番号11)、hFcm cDNA(配列番号3)を用いて、mFZD1crd-hFcm組換え体発現ベクターを構築した(図13)。
(配列番号62)
103Fc_mFZD1G1SA_3primer:GTCTGAAGACCTAGGCTCGGC GTGCTGCGGATTACTGGTCC
(配列番号63)
以下にmFZD1crd-hFcm組換え体 cDNAの開始コドンから終止コドンまでのポリヌクレオチド配列(1446bp、配列番号64)、及び該cDNAがコードするmFZD1-hFcmのシグナル配列を含んだアミノ酸配列(481アミノ酸、配列番号65)を示す。配列番号64及び65において、下線部はマウスFZD1のシグナル配列部分を示す。
ATGGCTGAGGAGGCGGCGCCTAGCGAGTCCCGGGCCGCCGGCCGGCTGAGCTTGGAACTTTGTGCCGAAGCACTCCCGGGCCGGCGGGAGGAGGTGGGGCACGAGGACACGGCCAGCCACCGCCGCCCCCGGGCTGATCCCCGGCGTTGGGCTAGCGGGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTTTGGTTGCTGGAGGCTCCTCTGCTTTTGGGGGTCCGAGCGCAGGCGGCGGGCCAGGTATCCGGGCCGGGCCAGCAAGCCCCGCCGCCGCCCCAGCCCCAGCAGAGCGGGCAGCAGTACAACGGCGAACGGGGCATCTCCATCCCGGACCACGGCTACTGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCGTACAACCAGACCATCATGCCCAACCTGCTGGGCCACACGAATCAGGAGGACGCCGGTCTGGAGGTGCACCAGTTCTACCCTCTGGTGAAGGTGCAGTGCTCCGCCGAGCTCAAGTTCTTCCTGTGCTCCATGTACGCGCCTGTGTGCACCGTACTGGAGCAGGCGCTACCGCCCTGCCGCTCCCTGTGCGAGCGCGCACGCCAGGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAGTGGCCAGACACACTCAAGTGCGAGAAGTTCCCGGTGCACGGCGCAGGAGAGCTGTGCGTGGGCCAGAACACGTCCGACAAAGGCACCCCAACTCCCTCCTTGCTACCAGAGTTCTGGACCAGTAATCCGCAGCACGCCGAGCCTAGGTCTTCAGACAAAACTCACACATGCCCACCGTGCCCAGCACCTGAAGCCGAGGGGGCCCCGTCAGTCTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAAGGACACCCTCATGATCTCCCGGACCCCTGAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCCACGAAGACCCTGAGGTCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCATAATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGTACAACAGCACGTACCGTGTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTGCACCAGGACTGGCTGAATGGCAAGGAGTACAAGTGCGCCGTCTCCAACAAAGCCCTCCCAGCCTCCATCGAGAAAACCATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCAGCCCCGAGAACCACAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCATCCCGGGATGAGCTGACCAAGAACCAGGTCAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTCAAAGGCTTCTATCCCAGCGACATCGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCGGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCTTCCTCTACAGCAAGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGGAACGTCTTCTCATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCACTACACGCAGAAGAGCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAATGA
配列番号65:
MAEEAAPSESRAAGRLSLELCAEALPGRREEVGHEDTASHRRPRADPRRWASGLLLLLWLLEAPLLLGVRAQAAGQVSGPGQQAPPPPQPQQSGQQYNGERGISIPDHGYCQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTIMPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSAELKFFLCSMYAPVCTVLEQALPPCRSLCERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPDTLKCEKFPVHGAGELCVGQNTSDKGTPTPSLLPEFWTSNPQHAEPRSSDKTHTCPPCPAPEAEGAPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCAVSNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
11-2.mFZD1crd-hFcm組換え体発現ベクターを用いたmFZD1crd-hFcm組換え体の一過的発現
11-2-1.遺伝子導入用発現ベクター調製
実施例11-1で取得されたmFZD1crd-hFcm組換え体発現ベクターを大腸菌DH5αに導入し、得られた形質転換体よりDNAをプラスミド精製キット(Qiagen plasmid Maxi kit; 日本国株式会社キアゲン)を用い調製した。
Free style 293F細胞(日本国インビトロジェン株式会社)をFree style 293 Expression Medium (日本国インビトロジェン株式会社)を用い、37℃、5%CO2、125 rpm条件下、細胞密度が2×105から3×106cells/mLの範囲内で培養する。培地1Lを用いて培養した場合、発現ベクター1mgに20mLのOpti PRO SFM(日本国インビトロジェン株式会社)を加え、2.5mLのPEI(Polyethylenimine) に17.5mLのOpti PRO SFMを加えた。その後すぐにこの2液を混合し、10分間室温でインキュベートした。その後、1×109cells/LのFree style 293F細胞を含む培地に前記方法で処理された発現ベクターを添加し、3日間培養した。
11-3-1.培養上清前処理
実施例11-2-2で得られた培養液の上清を回収し、0.22μmフィルター(0.22μm GP Express Membrane 500mL;日本国日本ミリポア株式会社)で濾過処理を行った後4℃(低温室)で冷却した。
用いた酸性bufferの組成はクエン酸一水和物(ナカライテスク株式会社、MW:210.14)を3.895g、クエン酸三ナトリウム(和光純薬工業株式会社、MW:258.07)を0.38g、塩化ナトリウム(純正化学株式会社、MW:58.44)2.92gをミリQ水に溶かし、1Lとしたものである。用いた中和bufferの組成はリン酸二水素ナトリウム・二水和物(関東化学株式会社、MW:156.01)を13.1gとリン酸水素二ナトリウム・12水(和光純薬工業株式会社、MW:358.14)を41.5g、塩化ナトリウム(純正化学株式会社、MW:58.44)8.77gをミリQ水に溶かし、1Lとしたものである。
実施例11-3-2で得られた精製標品中のbufferを限外濾過膜VIVASPIN20 10,000 MWCO PES(日本国ザルトリウス・ステディム・ジャパン株式会社)を用いてサンプルを濃縮した。その後、NAP-25Columns(日本国GEヘルスケア バイオサイエンス株式会社)を用いてPBSに置換した。濃縮置換操作終了後0.22μmフィルター(Millex GV; 日本国日本ミリポア株式会社)により濾過処理を行った。
12-1.マウスへの投与
mFZD1crd-hFcm組換え体による骨組織に対する生理作用を評価する目的で、実施例8-1記載の方法に従い、実施例11-3で得られたmFZD1crd-hFcm組換え体のマウスへの投与実験を行った。
剖検を実施し、mFZD1crd-hFcm組換え体投与マウス5個体の大腿骨、胸骨、頭蓋骨について観察を行った。その結果、特徴的な変化としてmFZD1crd-hFcm組換え体投与マウスにおいてコントロールマウスに比べ大腿骨の白色化と骨端肥大、胸骨の白色化、頭蓋骨の白色化と硬化、肋骨の硬化が認められた。それぞれの変化が観察された個体数を以下に記す。
剖検を実施したmFZD1crd-hFcm組換え体投与マウス5個体中4個体で白色化、1個体でやや白色化が、更に1個体で骨端肥大が観察され、コントロール5個体中1個体でやや白色化が観察された。
剖検を実施したmFZD1crd-hFcm組換え体投与マウス5個体中4個体で白色化、1個体でやや白色化が、コントロール5個体中1個体でやや白色化が観察された。
剖検を実施したmFZD1crd-hFcm組換え体投与マウス5個体中4個体で白色化と硬化、1個体でやや白色化とやや硬化が認められたが、コントロール5個体全てにおいてに変化は認められなかった。
剖検を実施したmFZD1crd-hFcm組換え体投与マウス5個体中1個体で硬化が認められたが、コントロール5個体全てにおいて変化は認められなかった。
実施例1記載の方法に従い作製された4週齢USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス(雌6個体)、4週齢コントロールマウス(雌6個体)、8週齢USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス(雌6個体)、8週齢コントロールマウス(雌6個体)、16週齢USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス(雌6個体、雄6個体)、16週齢コントロールマウス(雌6個体、雄5個体)それぞれの血清中に存在するマウスFZD7細胞外システインリッチドメインとヒトFc変異体との融合体の濃度を実施例2記載の方法に従ってELISA法によって検出した。マウスは温湿度及び、照明時間を一定(温度:22℃、湿度:55%、明暗各12時間)にした条件下で、飼料(CE-2、日本国日本クレア社)を自由摂取出来る環境で飼育した。
13-2-1.骨形態計測
剖検を行う前に、石灰化速度・石灰化面・骨形成速度の各データーを得るため、炭酸水素ナトリウム(日本国関東化学株式会社、商品番号:37116-00)の2%水溶液にカルセイン(日本国同仁化学株式会社、商品番号:340-00433)を溶解させ調製したカルセイン溶液(カルシウムキレート剤)を16mg/kgの投与量で皮下投与した。4週齢剖検の場合、剖検3日前及び1日前にカルセインを投与し、8、16週齢剖検の場合、剖検6日前及び1日前にカルセインを投与した。4、8、16週齢個体の剖検において、脛骨を採取し、脛骨の非脱灰薄切標本を作製後、トルイジンブルー染色(TB染色)、アルカリフォスファターゼ染色(ALP染色)、酒石酸耐性酸性ホスファターゼ(TRAP染色)を行った。なお、薄切標本を作製するため予め脛骨サンプルはGMA(Glycolmethacrylate)樹脂で包埋処理した。得られた非脱灰薄切標本の骨幹端部二次海綿骨部分について骨構造に関するパラメーターである単位骨量(BV/TV)、骨形成に関するパラメーターである骨芽細胞数(Ob.N/B.Pm)、骨芽細胞面(Ob.S/BS)、類骨量(OV/BV)、石灰化速度(MAR)、石灰化面(MS/BS)、骨形成速度(BFR/BS)、骨吸収に関するパラメーターである破骨細胞数(Oc.N/B.Pm)、破骨細胞面(Oc.S/BS)をそれぞれ測定した。
4、8、16週齢(雌個体)それぞれにおいて剖検を実施したコントロール6個体、USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体由来の脛骨サンプルを用いて単位骨量を測定した結果、コントロール個体群に比べUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス個体群の単位骨量が4、8、16週齢それぞれで増加していることから、脛骨骨幹端部二次海綿骨部分の単位骨量増加はマウスFZD7細胞外システインリッチドメイン-ヒトFc変異体の過剰発現によって引き起こされた可能性が示された。
4、8、16週齢(雌個体)それぞれにおいて剖検を実施したコントロール6個体、USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体由来の脛骨サンプルを用いて骨芽細胞数・骨芽細胞面・類骨量を測定した結果、コントロール個体群に比べUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス個体群の骨芽細胞数・類骨量が4、8週齢それぞれ減少傾向を示すことから、若週齢において脛骨骨幹端部二次海綿骨部分の骨芽細胞数・類骨量はマウスFZD7細胞外システインリッチドメイン-ヒトFc変異体過剰発現の影響をほとんど受けないか、やや抑制された可能性が示された。骨芽細胞面では4、8、16週齢全てコントロールとの差はほとんど観察されなかった。
4、8、16週齢(雌個体)それぞれにおいて剖検を実施したコントロール6個体、USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体由来の脛骨を用いて石灰化速度・石灰化面・骨形成速度を測定した結果、コントロール個体群に比べUSmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス個体群の石灰化速度が16週齢のみで増加を示し、石灰化面は4、8週齢で増加を示し、骨形成速度は4、8、16週齢で増加を示したことから、脛骨骨幹端部二次海綿骨部分の石灰化はマウスFZD7細胞外システインリッチドメイン-ヒトFc変異体過剰発現によって促進された可能性が示された。
4、8、16週齢(雌個体)それぞれにおいて剖検を実施したコントロール6個体、USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体由来の脛骨を用いて破骨細胞数・破骨細胞面を測定した結果、コントロール個体群に比べ全ての週齢で変化を示さなかったことから、脛骨骨幹端部二次海綿骨部分の破骨細胞数・破骨細胞面はマウスFZD7細胞外システインリッチドメイン-ヒトFc変異体過剰発現の影響をほとんど受けない可能性が示された。
剖検において、大腿骨を採取し、3点曲げ試験を行った。試験実施において支点間距離は6mm、その中点に荷重し最大荷重(N)を測定した。
剖検において、左脛骨を採取し、高分解能マイクロフォーカスX線CTスキャナー(マイクロCT、Scan Xmate-L090、日本国コムスキャンテクノ社)、使用解析ソフト(TRY 3D-BON、日本国ラトックシステムエンジニアリング社)を用いて脛骨近位骨幹端部の海綿骨領域の内部構造を非破壊的に観察し、単位骨量(BV/TV)、骨梁幅(Tb. Th)、骨梁数(Tb. N)、骨梁間隔(Tb. Sp)、骨梁中心間距離(Tb. Spac)を測定した。
実施例3記載の方法に従い作製された8週齢UShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス(雌6個体)、8週齢コントロールマウス(雌6個体)、8週齢UShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス(雄6個体)、8週齢コントロールマウス(雄6個体)、12週齢UShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス(雄6個体)、12週齢コントロールマウス(雄6個体)それぞれの血清中に存在するヒトFZD7細胞外システインリッチドメインとヒトFc変異体との融合体を実施例2記載の方法に従ってELISA法によって検出した。マウスは温湿度及び、照明時間を一定(温度:22℃、湿度:55%、明暗各12時間)にした条件下で、飼料(日本国日本クレア社、CE-2)を自由摂取出来る環境で飼育した。
上記実施例3で作製されたキメラマウスを用い、8週齢において剖検(雌6個体、雄6個体)を実施し、脾臓、大腿骨、胸骨、頭蓋骨、椎骨、肋骨について観察を行った。その結果、特徴的な変化としてUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスにおいてコントロールマウス(雌6個体、雄6個体)に比べ大腿骨の白色化、胸骨の白色化、頭蓋骨の白色化と硬化、肋骨のやや硬化が認められた。また、UShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスで脾臓の肥大傾向が認められた。それぞれ変化が観察された個体数を以下に記す。
剖検を実施したUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス12個体中、10個体で白色化が、2個体でやや白色化がコントロール群(12個体)に比べ観察された。
剖検を実施したUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス12個体中、10個体で白色化が、2個体でやや白色化がコントロール群(12個体)に比べ観察された。
剖検を実施したUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス12個体中、コントロール群(12個体)に比べ白色化は10個体、やや白色化は2個体、硬化は1個体、やや硬化は9個体認められた。
剖検を実施したUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス12個体中5個体においてコントロール群(12個体)に比べやや硬化が認められた。
剖検を実施したUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス12個体中、コントロール群(12個体)に比べ6個体で肥大傾向が認められた。
剖検において、大腿骨を採取し、3点曲げ試験を行った。試験実施において支点間距離は6mm、その中点に荷重し最大荷重(N)を測定した。
剖検において、大腿骨を採取し、高分解能マイクロフォーカスX線CTスキャナー(マイクロCT、Scan Xmate-L090、コムスキャンテクノ社)、使用解析ソフト(TRY 3D-BON、ラトックシステムエンジニアリング社)を用いて大腿骨遠位骨幹端部の海綿骨領域の内部構造を非破壊的に観察し、単位骨量(BV/TV)、骨梁幅(Tb. Th)、骨梁数(Tb. N)、骨梁間隔(Tb. Sp)、骨梁中心間距離(Tb. Spac)を測定した。
上記実施例3で作製されたキメラマウスを用い、12週齢において剖検(雄6個体)を実施し、脾臓、大腿骨、胸骨、頭蓋骨、椎骨、肋骨について観察を行った。その結果、特徴的な変化としてUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスにおいてコントロールマウス(雄6個体)に比べ大腿骨の白色化、胸骨の白色化、頭蓋骨の白色化と硬化、椎骨のやや硬化が認められた。また、UShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスで脾臓のやや肥大が認められた。それぞれ変化が観察された個体数を以下に記す。
剖検を実施したUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体中、1個体で白色化が、4個体でやや白色化がコントロール群(6個体)に比べ観察された。
剖検を実施したUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体中、1個体で白色化が、1個体でやや白色化がコントロール群(6個体)に比べ観察された。
剖検を実施したUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体中、コントロール群(6個体)に比べ白色化は2個体、やや白色化は3個体、硬化は1個体、やや硬化は1個体認められた。
剖検を実施したUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体中1個体においてコントロール群(6個体)に比べやや硬化が認められた。
剖検を実施したUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体中、コントロール群(6個体)に比べ1個体で肥大が認められた。
12週齢のコントロールキメラマウス6個体及びUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体から由来する大腿骨、胸骨のH&E染色病理切片を用いた観察から、UShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスにおいてコントロールマウスに比べ大腿骨の骨幹壁厚の肥厚(図14、15、表13)と海綿骨の増加(図16)及び胸骨の海綿骨の増加(図17)が認められた。それぞれの変化が観察された個体数を以下に記す。
剖検を実施したコントロール6個体に比べUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体中6個体において海綿骨の増加が観察された(図16)。更に、大腿骨の3地点(近位端より30%、50%及び80%)の横断切片について骨幹壁厚を計測した結果、近位端より30%地点の最小壁厚値と50%地点の最大壁厚値でそれぞれの平均値はコントロールよりも高値を示した(図14、15、表13)。
剖検を実施したコントロール6個体に比べUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体中5個体において海綿骨の増加が観察された(図17)。
12週齢のUShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラ雄マウス6個体、コントロール雄マウス6個体よりエーテル麻酔下で全採血し、血清を調製した。日立7180(日本国株式会社日立サイエンスシステムズ)を用い血清生化学(LDH活性、GOT活性、GPT活性、CK活性、ALP活性、AMY活性、LAP活性、LIP活性、T-CHO濃度、F-CHO濃度、LDL-CHO濃度、HDL-CHO濃度、TG濃度、PL濃度、GLU濃度、GA%、UA濃度、BUN濃度、CREA濃度、T-BIL濃度、D-BIL濃度、TP濃度、ALB濃度、A/G比、IP濃度、Ca濃度、Mg濃度、Na濃度、K濃度、Cl濃度、Fe濃度、UIBC濃度、TIBC濃度)分析を実施した。その結果、UShFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスで得られた値はコントロールに比べ顕著な変化を示さなかった。
mFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体の骨粗鬆症治療薬としての薬効評価を行う目的で、卵巣摘出(OVX)モデルマウスを作製した。mFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体はヒト抗体Fc領域を含む蛋白であることから、投与により生体内で中和抗体が産生された場合にmFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体の活性が抑制される可能性が考えられた。このため、投与実験には中和抗体産生の危険性を低減させる目的で、機能的なBリンパ球が欠損し抗体が産生されない免疫グロブリンμ鎖遺伝子ノックアウトマウスをMCH(ICR)(日本国日本クレア社)系統への戻し交配により得られたホモ接合体(97KDマウス、日本国日本クレア株式会社、Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97:722-7, 2000)をOVXモデルマウス作製に用いた。10週齢の97KDマウスに対し麻酔下で背部を切開し両卵巣を摘出あるいは、卵巣摘出を行わず切開のみ実施する偽手術を施した後に背部を縫合した。
15-2-1.OVXモデルマウスへの投与
上記実施例15-1で作製されたOVXモデルマウスに対し、術後1週間経過した後にmFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体の骨粗鬆症への薬効を評価する目的で投与を行った。被験物質としてmFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体の他に、比較対象としてビスフォスファネート製剤であるリセドロネート(日本国和光純薬株式会社、商品番号:572-27451)を用い、さらにmFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体とリセドロネートの両者を投与する併用群を設定した。投与開始日をDay0とし、剖検はDay69とDay70に実施した。この間、mFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体を1mg/doseの用量で10日に1回の頻度で計7回、尾静脈内(IV)投与した。また、リセドロネートは5μg/kgの用量で1週間に3回の頻度で計30回、皮下(SC)投与した。群設定は、偽手術/非被験物質投与(Sham/non-treatment)群、OVX/リセドロネート投与(OVX/risedronate)群、偽手術/リセドロネート投与(Sham/risedronate)群、OVX/ mFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体投与(OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm)群、偽手術/mFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体投与(Sham/mFZD7crd-hFcm)群、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm組換え体/リセドロネート投与(OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm/risedronate)群、OVX/非被験物質投与(OVX/non-treatment)群の各群を設定し投与を行った。
上記実施例15-2で記載されたマウスを、Day69及びDay70に剖検し、大腿骨、胸骨、頭蓋骨、肋骨、椎骨、脾臓、子宮について観察を行った。その結果、Sham/non-treatment群と比べSham/risedronate群、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm群、Sham/mFZD7crd-hFcm群、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm/risedronate群で大腿骨の白色化、胸骨の白色化、頭蓋骨の白色化と硬化、肋骨の硬化、椎骨の硬化(Sham/risedronate群は除く)が特徴的な変化として認められた。Sham/mFZD7crd-hFcm群で脾臓のやや黒色化を示す個体数が増加した。OVX/risedronate群、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm群、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm/risedronate群、OVX/non-treatment群で子宮の退縮が認められた。上記の臓器において、変化が観察された個体数を以下に示す。
Sham/non-treatment群10個体中1個体でやや白色化が認められたのに対して、OVX/risedronate群10個体中、1個体で白色化、Sham/risedronate群10個体中、2個体で白色化、4個体でやや白色化、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm群10個体中、5個体で白色化、4個体でやや白色化、Sham/mFZD7crd-hFcm群10個体中、8個体で白色化、2個体でやや白色化、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm/risedronate群10個体中、7個体で白色化、3個体でやや白色化、OVX/non-treatment群10個体中、1個体でやや白色化が認められた。
Sham/non-treatment群10個体中1個体でやや白色化が認められたのに対して、OVX/risedronate群10個体中、2個体でやや白色化、Sham/risedronate群10個体中、4個体で白色化、3個体でやや白色化、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm群10個体中、4個体で白色化、3個体でやや白色化、Sham/mFZD7crd-hFcm群10個体中、8個体で白色化、1個体でやや白色化、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm/risedronate群10個体中、8個体で白色化、1個体でやや白色化、OVX/non-treatment群10個体中、1個体でやや白色化、1個体で濃色化が認められた。
Sham/non-treatment群10個体中1個体でやや白色化が認められたのに対して、OVX/risedronate群10個体中、3個体でやや白色化、1個体でやや硬化、Sham/risedronate群10個体中、2個体で白色化、6個体でやや白色化、2個体でやや硬化、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm群10個体中、4個体で白色化、3個体でやや白色化、2個体で硬化、3個体でやや硬化、Sham/mFZD7crd-hFcm群10個体中、7個体で白色化、1個体でやや白色化、5個体で硬化、4個体でやや硬化、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm/risedronate群10個体中、5個体で白色化、2個体でやや白色化、2個体で硬化、4個体でやや硬化、OVX/non-treatment群10個体中、1個体でやや白色化、2個体で部分的軟化が認められた。
Sham/non-treatment群(10個体)と比べ、OVX/risedronate群10個体中、1個体で硬化、Sham/risedronate群10個体中、2個体で硬化、1個体でやや硬化、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm群10個体中、2個体で硬化、2個体でやや硬化、Sham/mFZD7crd-hFcm群10個体中、3個体で硬化、2個体でやや硬化、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm/risedronate群10個体中、2個体で硬化、2個体でやや硬化、OVX/non-treatment群10個体中、2個体で部分的軟化が認められた。
Sham/non-treatment群(10個体)と比べ、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm群10個体中、1個体で硬化、1個体でやや硬化、Sham/mFZD7crd-hFcm群10個体中、4個体で硬化、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm/risedronate群10個体中、2個体で硬化、1個体でやや硬化が認められた。
Sham/non-treatment群(10個体)と比べ、OVX/risedronate群10個体中、1個体で肥大、1個体で黒色化、Sham/risedronate群10個体中、1個体で肥大傾向、1個体でやや黒色化、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm群10個体中、1個体で肥大傾向、2個体でやや黒色化、Sham/mFZD7crd-hFcm群10個体中、1個体で肥大、6個体でやや黒色化、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm/risedronate群9個体中、1個体で肥大傾向、2個体でやや黒色化、OVX/non-treatment群10個体中、1個体でやや黒色化が認められた。
Sham/non-treatment群(10個体)と比べ、OVX/risedronate群10個体中、3個体で退縮、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm群10個体中、4個体で退縮、2個体で退縮傾向、OVX/mFZD7crd-hFcm/risedronate群9個体中、6個体で退縮、OVX/non-treatment群10個体中、3個体で退縮、2個体で退縮傾向が認められた。
実施例15-2-2で行われた剖検において、各個体より右大腿骨を採取し、10%中性緩衝ホルマリン液(日本国和光純薬株式会社)に浸漬して固定の後、近位端より30%地点及び50%地点の位置で輪切りし、末端部分は縦切りしたサンプルのH&E標本を作製した。末端部分の海綿骨の変化を観察し、更に近位端より30%地点の最大骨幹壁厚、50%地点の最大・最小骨幹壁厚を測定した。
実施例15-2-2で行われた剖検において、各個体より右大腿骨を採取し、近位端より50%の地点の2DマイクロCT撮影(図18)を行い、近位端より50%地点の皮質骨断面積を測定した(測定個体数は各群10個体)。
実施例15-2-2で行われた剖検において、各個体より右大腿骨を採取し、3点曲げ試験を行った(測定個体数は各群10個体である)。試験実施において支点間距離は6mm、その中点に荷重し最大荷重(N)を測定した。
16-1.血清生化学解析
上記実施例4で作製された16週齢のUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラ雌マウス14個体、USmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラ雄マウス6個体、コントロール雌マウス16個体、コントロール雄マウス14個体よりエーテル麻酔下で全採血し、血清を調製した。日立7180(日本国株式会社日立サイエンスシステムズ)を用い血清生化学(LDH活性、GOT活性、GPT活性、CK活性、ALP活性、AMY活性、LAP活性、LIP活性、T-CHO濃度、F-CHO濃度、LDL-CHO濃度、HDL-CHO濃度、TG濃度、PL濃度、GLU濃度、GA%、UA濃度、BUN濃度、CREA濃度、T-BIL濃度、D-BIL濃度、TP濃度、ALB濃度、A/G比、IP濃度、Ca濃度、Mg濃度、Na濃度、K濃度、Cl濃度、Fe濃度、UIBC濃度、TIBC濃度)分析を実施した。その結果、USmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスで得られた値はコントロールに比べ顕著な変化を示さなかった。
16-2-1.骨形態計測方法
剖検を行う前に、石灰化速度・石灰化面・骨形成速度の各データーを得るため、炭酸水素ナトリウム(日本国関東化学株式会社、商品番号:37116-00)の2%水溶液にカルセイン(日本国同仁化学株式会社、商品番号:340-00433)を溶解させ調製したカルセイン溶液(カルシウムキレート剤)を16mg/kgの投与量で皮下投与した。投与は剖検6日前及び1日前実施した。剖検において、脛骨を採取し、脛骨の非脱灰薄切標本を作製後、トルイジンブルー染色(TB染色)、アルカリフォスファターゼ染色(ALP染色)、酒石酸耐性酸性ホスファターゼ(TRAP染色)を行った。なお、薄切標本を作製するため予め脛骨サンプルはGMA(Glycolmethacrylate)樹脂で包埋処理した。得られた非脱灰薄切標本の骨幹端部二次海綿骨部分について骨構造に関するパラメーターである単位骨量(BV/TV)、骨形成に関するパラメーターである骨芽細胞数(Ob.N/B.Pm)、骨芽細胞面(Ob.S/BS)、類骨量(OV/BV)、石灰化速度(MAR)、石灰化面(MS/BS)、骨形成速度(BFR/BS)、骨吸収に関するパラメーターである破骨細胞数(Oc.N/B.Pm)、破骨細胞面(Oc.S/BS)をそれぞれ測定した。実施例16のコントロールデーター取得には全て16週齢個体が用いられた。
剖検を実施したコントロール雌6個体、USmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス雌6個体由来の脛骨サンプルを用いて単位骨量を測定した結果、コントロール個体群に比べUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス個体群の単位骨量が増加したことから、脛骨骨幹端部二次海綿骨部分の単位骨量増加はマウスFZD1細胞外システインリッチドメイン-ヒトFc変異体の過剰発現によって引き起こされた可能性が示された。
剖検を実施したコントロール雌6個体、USmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス雌6個体由来の脛骨を用いて骨芽細胞数・骨芽細胞面・類骨量を測定した結果、全てコントロールとの差はほとんど観察されなかった。
剖検を実施したコントロール雌6個体、USmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス雌6個体由来の脛骨を用いて石灰化速度・石灰化面・骨形成速度を測定した結果、コントロール個体群に比べUSmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス個体群の石灰化速度、石灰化面、骨形成速度が全て増加傾向を示したことから、脛骨骨幹端部二次海綿骨部分の石灰化はマウスFZD1細胞外システインリッチドメイン-ヒトFc変異体過剰発現によって促進された可能性が示された。
剖検を実施したコントロール雌6個体、USmFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス雌6個体由来の脛骨を用いて破骨細胞数・破骨細胞面を測定した結果、コントロール個体群とほぼ等しい値が得られたことから、脛骨骨幹端部二次海綿骨部分の破骨細胞数・破骨細胞面はマウスFZD1細胞外システインリッチドメイン-ヒトFc変異体過剰発現の影響をほとんど受けない可能性が示された。
剖検において、大腿骨を採取し、3点曲げ試験を行った。試験実施において支点間距離は6mm、その中点に荷重し最大荷重(N)を測定した。
剖検において、大腿骨を採取し、高分解能マイクロフォーカスX線CTスキャナー(マイクロCT、Scan Xmate-L090、日本国コムスキャンテクノ社)、使用解析ソフト(TRY 3D-BON、日本国ラトックシステムエンジニアリング社)を用いて大腿骨遠位骨幹端部の海綿骨領域の内部構造を非破壊的に観察し、単位骨量(BV/TV)、骨梁幅(Tb. Th)、骨梁数(Tb. N)、骨梁間隔(Tb. Sp)、骨梁中心間距離(Tb. Spac)を測定した。
実施例6記載の方法に従い作製された8週齢UShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス(雌6個体、雄6個体)、8週齢コントロールマウス(雌6個体、雄6個体)、12週齢UShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス(雄6個体)、12週齢コントロールマウス(雄6個体)それぞれの血清中に存在するヒトFZD1細胞外システインリッチドメインとヒトFc変異体との融合体を実施例2記載の方法に従ってELISA法によって検出した。マウスは温湿度及び、照明時間を一定(温度:22℃、湿度:55%、明暗各12時間)にした条件下で、飼料(日本国日本クレア社、CE-2)を自由摂取出来る環境で飼育した。
上記実施例6で作製されたキメラマウスを用い、8週齢において剖検(雌6個体、雄6個体)を実施し、脾臓、大腿骨、胸骨、頭蓋骨、椎骨、肋骨について観察を行った。その結果、特徴的な変化としてUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスにおいてコントロールマウスに比べ大腿骨の白色化、胸骨の白色化、頭蓋骨の白色化と硬化、肋骨の硬化が認められた。また、UShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスで脾臓のやや肥大が認められた。それぞれ変化が観察された個体数を以下に記す。
剖検を実施したUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス12個体中、5個体で白色化が、6個体でやや白色化がコントロール群(雌6個体、雄6個体)に比べ観察された。
剖検を実施したUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス12個体中11個体においてコントロール群(雌6個体、雄6個体)に比べ白色化が観察された。
剖検を実施したUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス12個体中、コントロール群(雌6個体、雄6個体)に比べ白色化は9個体、やや白色化は3個体、硬化は2個体、やや硬化は5個体認められた。
剖検を実施したUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス12個体中5個体においてコントロール群(雌6個体、雄6個体)に比べやや硬化が認められた。
剖検を実施したUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス12個体中、コントロール群(雌6個体、雄6個体)に比べ7個体で肥大傾向が、8個体でやや黒色化が認められた。
剖検において、大腿骨を採取し、3点曲げ試験を行った。試験実施において支点間距離は6mm、その中点に荷重し最大荷重(N)を測定した。
剖検において、大腿骨を採取し、高分解能マイクロフォーカスX線CTスキャナー(マイクロCT、Scan Xmate-L090、日本国コムスキャンテクノ社)、使用解析ソフト(TRY 3D-BON、日本国ラトックシステムエンジニアリング社)を用いて大腿骨遠位骨幹端部の海綿骨領域の内部構造を非破壊的に観察し、単位骨量(BV/TV)、骨梁幅(Tb. Th)、骨梁数(Tb. N)、骨梁間隔(Tb. Sp)、骨梁中心間距離(Tb. Spac)を測定した。
上記実施例6で作製されたキメラマウスを用い、12週齢において剖検(雄6個体)を実施し、脾臓、大腿骨、胸骨、頭蓋骨、椎骨、肋骨について観察を行った。その結果、特徴的な変化としてUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスにおいてコントロールマウス(雄6個体)に比べ大腿骨の白色化、胸骨の白色化、頭蓋骨の白色化と硬化、肋骨のやや硬化が認められた。それぞれ変化が観察された個体数を以下に記す。
剖検を実施したUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体中、5個体でやや白色化がコントロール群(6個体)に比べ観察された。
剖検を実施したUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体中、3個体で白色化が、3個体でやや白色化がコントロール群(6個体)に比べ観察された。
剖検を実施したUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体中、コントロール群(6個体)に比べ白色化は1個体、やや白色化は4個体、硬化は1個体、やや硬化は2個体認められた。
剖検を実施したUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体中2個体においてコントロール群(6個体)に比べやや硬化が認められた。
12週齢のコントロールキメラマウス6個体及びUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体から由来する大腿骨、胸骨のH&E染色病理切片を用いた観察から、UShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスにおいてコントロールマウスに比べ大腿骨の骨幹壁厚の肥厚(図19、20、表24)と海綿骨の増加(図21)及び、胸骨の海綿骨の増加(図22)が認められた。それぞれの変化が観察された個体数を以下に記す。
剖検を実施したコントロール6個体に比べUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体中6個体において海綿骨の増加が観察された。更に、大腿骨の3地点(近位端より30%地点、50%地点及び80%地点)の横断切片について骨幹壁厚を計測した結果、近位端より30%地点の最小壁厚値と50%地点の最大壁厚値でそれぞれの平均値コントロールよりも高値を示した(図19、20、表24)。
剖検を実施したコントロール6個体に比べUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス6個体中6個体において海綿骨の増加が観察された(図22)。
12週齢のUShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラ雄マウス6個体、コントロール雄マウス6個体よりエーテル麻酔下で全採血し、血清を調製した。日立7180(日本国株式会社日立サイエンスシステムズ)を用い血清生化学(LDH活性、GOT活性、GPT活性、CK活性、ALP活性、AMY活性、LAP活性、LIP活性、T-CHO濃度、F-CHO濃度、LDL-CHO濃度、HDL-CHO濃度、TG濃度、PL濃度、GLU濃度、GA%、UA濃度、BUN濃度、CREA濃度、T-BIL濃度、D-BIL濃度、TP濃度、ALB濃度、A/G比、IP濃度、Ca濃度、Mg濃度、Na濃度、K濃度、Cl濃度、Fe濃度、UIBC濃度、TIBC濃度)分析を実施した。その結果、UShFZD1crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスで得られた値はコントロールに比べ顕著な変化を示さなかった。
頭蓋骨のトルイジンブルー染色標本を作製し、矢状縫合線から左右に0.6mmを除外し、頭頂側頭縫合線(鱗縁)までの蓋骨外面における頭蓋冠厚(μm)を測定した。
剖検において、大腿骨を採取し、3点曲げ試験を行った。試験実施において支点間距離は6mm、その中点に荷重し最大荷重(N)を測定した。
19-1.血球解析
8週齢のUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラ雌マウス6個体、USmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラ雄マウス6個体、8週齢のコントロール雌マウス11個体、コントロール雄マウス11個体、15週齢のUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラ雌マウス6個体、USmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラ雄マウス6個体、15週齢のコントロール雌マウス11個体、コントロール雄マウス11個体からエーテル麻酔状態下、ガラスキャピラリーを用いて眼窩採血を行い、ADVIA120(日本国バイエルメディカル株式会社)を用いて血球成分(赤血球数、ヘモグロビン、ヘマトクリット、MCH、MCHC、網状赤血球数、白血球数、血小板数、リンパ球数、好中球数、単球数、好酸球数、好塩基球数)分析を実施した。その結果、8週齢15週齢共に、USmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスで得られた値はコントロールに比べ顕著な変化を示さなかった。
16週齢のUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラ雌マウス6個体、USmFZD7crd-hFcm KIキメラ雄マウス6個体、コントロール雌マウス9個体、コントロール雄マウス9個体よりエーテル麻酔下で全採血し、血清を調製した。日立7180(日本国株式会社日立サイエンスシステムズ)を用い血清生化学(LDH活性、GOT活性、GPT活性、CK活性、ALP活性、AMY活性、LAP活性、LIP活性、T-CHO濃度、F-CHO濃度、LDL-CHO濃度、HDL-CHO濃度、TG濃度、PL濃度、GLU濃度、GA%、UA濃度、BUN濃度、CREA濃度、T-BIL濃度、D-BIL濃度、TP濃度、ALB濃度、A/G比、IP濃度、Ca濃度、Mg濃度、Na濃度、K濃度、Cl濃度、Fe濃度、UIBC濃度、TIBC濃度)分析を実施した。その結果、USmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラマウスで得られた値はコントロールに比べ顕著な変化を示さなかった。
実施例2記載の方法に従い、16週齢USmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス(雌6個体、雄6個体)血清中に存在するマウスFZD2細胞外システインリッチドメインとヒトFc変異体との融合体の濃度をELISA法によって検出した。マウスは温湿度及び、照明時間を一定(温度:22℃、湿度:55%、明暗各12時間)にした条件下で、飼料(CE-2、日本国日本クレア社)を自由摂取出来る環境で飼育した。
19-4-1.骨形態計測方法
剖検を行う前に、石灰化速度・石灰化面・骨形成速度の各データーを得るため、炭酸水素ナトリウム(日本国関東化学株式会社、商品番号:37116-00)の2%水溶液にカルセイン(日本国同仁化学株式会社、商品番号:340-00433)を溶解させ調製したカルセイン溶液(カルシウムキレート剤)を16mg/kgの投与量で皮下投与した。投与は剖検6日前及び1日前実施した。剖検において、脛骨を採取し、脛骨の非脱灰薄切標本を作製後、トルイジンブルー染色(TB染色)、アルカリフォスファターゼ染色(ALP染色)、酒石酸耐性酸性ホスファターゼ(TRAP染色)を行った。なお、薄切標本を作製するため予め脛骨サンプルはGMA(Glycolmethacrylate)樹脂で包埋処理した。得られた非脱灰薄切標本の骨幹端部二次海綿骨部分について骨構造に関するパラメーターである単位骨量(BV/TV)、骨形成に関するパラメーターである骨芽細胞数(Ob.N/B.Pm)、骨芽細胞面(Ob.S/BS)、類骨量(OV/BV)、石灰化速度(MAR)、石灰化面(MS/BS)、骨形成速度(BFR/BS)、骨吸収に関するパラメーターである破骨細胞数(Oc.N/B.Pm)、破骨細胞面(Oc.S/BS)をそれぞれ測定した。実施例19において実施例19-2以降のコントロールデーター取得には全て16週齢個体が用いられた。
剖検を実施したコントロール雌6個体、USmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス雌3個体由来の脛骨サンプルを用いて単位骨量を測定した結果、コントロール個体群に比べUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス個体群の単位骨量が増加したことから、脛骨骨幹端部二次海綿骨部分の単位骨量増加はマウスFZD2細胞外システインリッチドメイン-ヒトFc変異体の過剰発現によって引き起こされた可能性が示された。
剖検を実施したコントロール雌6個体、USmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス雌3個体由来の脛骨を用いて骨芽細胞数・骨芽細胞面・類骨量を測定した結果、全てコントロールとの差はほとんど観察されなかった。
剖検を実施したコントロール雌6個体、USmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス雌3個体由来の脛骨を用いて石灰化速度・石灰化面・骨形成速度を測定した結果、コントロール個体群に比べUSmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス個体群の石灰化速度、石灰化面、骨形成速度が全て増加を示したことから、頸骨骨幹端部二次海綿骨部分の石灰化はマウスFZD2細胞外システインリッチドメイン-ヒトFc変異体過剰発現によって促進された可能性が示された。
剖検を実施したコントロール雌6個体、USmFZD2crd-hFcm KIキメラマウス雌3個体由来の脛骨を用いて破骨細胞数・破骨細胞面を測定した結果、両パラメーターともにコントロール個体群に比べ低下傾向を示すことから、脛骨骨幹端部二次海綿骨部分の破骨細胞数・破骨細胞面はマウスFZD2細胞外システインリッチドメイン-ヒトFc変異体過剰発現によって抑制された可能性が示された。
剖検において、大腿骨を採取し、3点曲げ試験を行った。試験実施において支点間距離は6mm、その中点に荷重し最大荷重(N)を測定した。
剖検において、大腿骨を採取し、高分解能マイクロフォーカスX線CTスキャナー(マイクロCT、Scan Xmate-L090、日本国コムスキャンテクノ社)、使用解析ソフト(TRY 3D-BON、日本国ラトックシステムエンジニアリング社)を用いて大腿骨遠位骨幹端部の海綿骨領域の内部構造を非破壊的に観察し、単位骨量(BV/TV)、骨梁幅(Tb. Th)、骨梁数(Tb. N)、骨梁間隔(Tb. Sp)、骨梁中心間距離(Tb. Spac)を測定した。
20-1.mFZD2crd-hFcm組換え体発現ベクターの構築
実施例7-1記載の方法に従い、配列番号54、66、67、68のPCRプライマー、及び鋳型としてマウスFZD2 cDNA(配列番号58)、hFcm cDNA(配列番号3)を用いて、mFZD2crd-hFcm組換え体発現ベクターを構築した(図23)。
5’末端にBamHI・NheI・SalI サイトを3’末端にXhoIサイトを持つ(V5タグ+Stop codon)センスオリゴDNA(V5S)及びそれに対するアンチセンスオリゴDNA(V5AS)を合成した。
(配列番号50)
V5AS:TCGAGTCACGTAGAATCGAGACCGAGGAGAGGGTTAGGGATAGGCTTACCGTCGACGCTAGCG
(配列番号51)
上記合成オリゴDNAを、掛田らの報告[Gene Ther., 12, 852-856(2005)]に記載されたpLN1ベクター上のBamHI-XhoIサイトに導入し、pLN1V5ベクターを構築した。
155Fc_BHIkozakFw:TAAAGGATCCCGGCCACCATGCGGGCCCGCAGCGCCCTGC
(配列番号66)
155Fc_mFZD2G1SA_3primer:GTCTGAAGACCTAGGCTCGGCTAGCGCAGGAGCTCCGTCC
(配列番号67)
G1SA_5primer:GCCGAGCCTAGGTCTTCAGAC
(配列番号54)
hFc-NotI-Rv:ATAGTTTAGCGGCCGCTCATTTACCCGGAGACAGG
(配列番号68)
Prime STAR HS DNA Polymerase(日本国タカラバイオ株式会社)を用い添付文書にしたがって反応液を調製し、50μl反応液中に配列番号66及び67のプライマー各10pmol、鋳型としマウスFZD2 cDNA(配列番号58)を添加し、98℃1分保温した後、98℃10秒、62℃5秒、及び72℃40秒を1サイクルとして30サイクル増幅し、得られた543bpの増幅断片を0.8%ゲルで分離回収した。回収されたゲルからQIAquick Gel Extraction Kit(日本国株式会社キアゲン)を用い添付文書にしたがって増幅断片(BamHI mFZD2crd hFcm)を回収した。
実施例20-1-2で回収されたPCR増幅断片をBamHI及びNotI(日本国ロシュ・ダイアグノスティックス株式会社)で酵素消化し、0.8%アガロースゲルで分離回収した。回収されたゲルからQIAquick Gel Extraction Extraction Kit(日本国株式会社キアゲン)を用い添付文書にしたがって酵素処理断片を回収した。実施例20-1-1で作製されたpLN1V5ベクターにNotI siteを付加したvectorを用意し、上で得られた酵素処理断片をBamHI・NotIサイトに導入し、mFZD2crd-hFcm組換え体発現ベクター(図23)を構築した。
ATGCGGGCCCGCAGCGCCCTGCCCCGCAGCGCCCTGCCCCGCCTGCTGCTGCCACTGCTGCTGCTGCCGGCCGCCGGACCGGCCCAGTTCCACGGGGAGAAGGGCATCTCCATCCCGGACCACGGCTTCTGCCAGCCCATCTCCATCCCGCTGTGCACGGACATCGCCTACAACCAGACCATCATGCCCAACCTTCTTGGCCACACGAACCAGGAAGACGCGGGCCTGGAGGTGCATCAGTTCTACCCGCTGGTGAAGGTGCAGTGCTCGCCCGAGCTGCGCTTCTTCCTGTGCTCCATGTACGCGCCGGTGTGCACAGTGCTGGAGCAGGCCATCCCGCCGTGCCGCTCCATCTGCGAGCGCGCGCGCCAAGGCTGCGAGGCGCTCATGAACAAGTTCGGCTTCCAATGGCCCGAGCGCCTCCGCTGCGAGCATTTCCCGCGTCACGGCGCGGAGCAGATCTGCGTGGGCCAGAACCACTCGGAGGACGGAGCTCCTGCGCTAGCCGAGCCTAGGTCTTCAGACAAAACTCACACATGCCCACCGTGCCCAGCACCTGAAGCCGAGGGGGCCCCGTCAGTCTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAAGGACACCCTCATGATCTCCCGGACCCCTGAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCCACGAAGACCCTGAGGTCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCATAATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGTACAACAGCACGTACCGTGTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTGCACCAGGACTGGCTGAATGGCAAGGAGTACAAGTGCGCCGTCTCCAACAAAGCCCTCCCAGCCTCCATCGAGAAAACCATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCAGCCCCGAGAACCACAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCATCCCGGGATGAGCTGACCAAGAACCAGGTCAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTCAAAGGCTTCTATCCCAGCGACATCGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCGGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCTTCCTCTACAGCAAGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGGAACGTCTTCTCATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCACTACACGCAGAAGAGCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAATGA
配列番号70:
MRARSALPRSALPRLLLPLLLLPAAGPAQFHGEKGISIPDHGFCQPISIPLCTDIAYNQTIMPNLLGHTNQEDAGLEVHQFYPLVKVQCSPELRFFLCSMYAPVCTVLEQAIPPCRSICERARQGCEALMNKFGFQWPERLRCEHFPRHGAEQICVGQNHSEDGAPALAEPRSSDKTHTCPPCPAPEAEGAPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCAVSNKALPASIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
20-2.mFZD2crd-hFcm組換え体発現ベクターを用いたmFZD2crd-hFcm組換え体の一過的発現
20-2-1.遺伝子導入用発現ベクター調製
実施例20-1-3で取得されたmFZD2crd-hFcm組換え体発現ベクターを大腸菌DH5αに導入し、得られた形質転換体よりDNAをプラスミド精製キット(Qiagen plasmid Maxi kit、日本国株式会社キアゲン)を用い調製した。
FreeStyle CHO-S Cells(日本国インビトロジェン株式会社)をFreeStyle CHO Expression Medium(日本国インビトロジェン株式会社)を用い、37℃、5%CO2、125rpm条件下、細胞密度が1×105から4×106cells/mLの範囲内で培養する。培地1Lを用いて培養した場合、発現ベクター1mgに20mLのOpti PRO SFM(日本国インビトロジェン株式会社)を加え、7.5mLのポリエチレンイミン(PEI)に12.5mLのOpti PRO SFM(日本国インビトロジェン株式会社)を加えた。その後すぐにこの2液を混合し、10分間室温でインキュベートした。その後、2×109 cells/LのFreeStyle CHO-S細胞を含む培地に前記方法で処理された発現ベクターを添加し、3日間培養した。
20-3-1.培養上清前処理
培養後、上清を回収し0.22μmフィルター(TCフィルターユニットPES、ナルゲン社)で濾過処理を行った後4℃(低温室)で冷却した。凍結保存した場合には融解後、再度0.22μmフィルターで濾過した。
用いた酸性bufferの組成はくえん酸一水和物(ナカライテスク株式会社、MW:210.14)を3.43g、くえん酸三ナトリウム(和光純薬工業株式会社、MW:258.07)を0.90g、塩化ナトリウム(純正化学株式会社、MW:58.44)8.77gをミリQ水に溶かし、1Lとしたものである。用いた中和bufferの組成はりん酸二水素ナトリウム・二水和物(関東化学株式会社、MW:156.01)を13.1gとりん酸水素二ナトリウム・12水(和光純薬工業株式会社、MW:358.14)を41.5g、塩化ナトリウム(純正化学株式会社、MW:58.44)8.77gをミリQ水に溶かし、1Lとしたものである。
実施例20-3-2で得られた精製標品中のbufferを限外濾過膜VIVASPIN20 10,000 MWCO PES(日本国ザルトリウス・ステディム・ジャパン株式会社)を用いてサンプルを濃縮した。その後、NAP-25Columns(日本国GEヘルスケアバイオサイエンス株式会社)を用いてPBSに置換した。濃縮置換操作終了後0.22μmフィルター(Millex GV、日本国日本ミリポア株式会社)により濾過処理を行った。濃縮操作は可能な限りクリーンベンチ内で行った。実施例20-3で行われた全ての工程はクリーンベンチでの作業以外、低温室(+4℃)ないしは氷上で実施した。蛋白質濃度はA280nmを測定し、比吸光係数(E1%,1cm=9.7)より算出した。
21-1.mFZD7c10-hFcm組換え体発現ベクターの構築
実施例7-1記載の方法に従い、配列番号55、71のPCRプライマー、及び鋳型としてマウスFZD7 cDNA(配列番号1)、hFcm cDNA(配列番号3)を用いて、mFZD7c10-hFcm組換え体発現ベクターを構築した(図24)。
5’末端にBamHI・NheI・SalI サイトを3’末端にXhoIサイトを持つ(V5タグ+Stop codon)センスオリゴDNA(V5S)及びそれに対するアンチセンスオリゴDNA(V5AS)を合成した。
(配列番号50)
V5AS:TCGAGTCACGTAGAATCGAGACCGAGGAGAGGGTTAGGGATAGGCTTACCGTCGACGCTAGCG
(配列番号51)
上記合成オリゴDNAを、掛田らの報告[Gene Ther., 12, 852-856(2005)]に記載されたpLN1ベクター上のBamHI-XhoIサイトに導入し、pLN1V5ベクターを構築した。
pLN1V5-BHIkozakFw:TAAAGGATCCCGGCCACCATGGAGACAGACACACTCCTG
(配列番号71)
SalIG1SARv:TAAAGTCGACTCATTTACCCGGAGACAGGG
(配列番号55)
Prime STAR HS DNA Polymerase(日本国タカラバイオ株式会社)を用い添付文書にしたがって反応液を調製し、50μl反応液中に配列番号71及び55のプライマー各10pmol、鋳型として、実施例1に記載の方法を基に作製した、マウスIgkシグナル配列、Frizzled7マウスCRD、及び変異型ヒトIgG1由来Fc蛋白質の融合蛋白質をコードするDNAを融合した配列を用い、98℃10秒保温した後、98℃10秒、57℃5秒、及び72℃2分を1サイクルとして20サイクル増幅し、得られた1367bpの増幅断片を0.8%ゲルで分離回収した。回収されたゲルからQIAquick Gel Extraction Kit(日本国株式会社キアゲン)を用い添付文書にしたがって増幅断片(BamHI mFZD7c10hFcm SalI)を回収した。
実施例21-1-2で回収されたPCR増幅断片をBamHI及びSalI(日本国ロシュ・ダイアグノスティックス株式会社)で酵素消化し、0.8%アガロースゲルで分離回収した。回収されたゲルからQIAquick Gel Extraction Extraction Kit(日本国株式会社キアゲン)を用い添付文書にしたがって酵素処理断片を回収した。得られた酵素処理断片を実施例21-1-1で作製されたpLN1V5ベクターのBamHI・SalIサイトに導入し、mFZD7c10-hFcm組換え体発現ベクター(図24)を構築した。
配列番号73:
21-2.mFZD7c10-hFcm組換え体発現ベクターを用いたmFZD7c10-hFcm組換え体の一過的発現
21-2-1.遺伝子導入用発現ベクター調製
実施例21-1-3.で取得されたmFZD7c10-hFcm組換え体発現ベクターを大腸菌DH5αに導入し、得られた形質転換体よりDNAをプラスミド精製キット(Qiagen plasmid Maxi kit、日本国株式会社キアゲン)を用い調製した。
Free style 293F細胞(日本国インビトロジェン株式会社)をFree style 293 Expression Medium(日本国インビトロジェン株式会社)を用い、37℃、5%CO2、125rpm条件下、細胞密度が2×105から3×106cells/mLの範囲内で培養する。培地1Lを用いて培養した場合、発現ベクター1mgに35mLのOpti-MEM I Reduced Serum Medium(日本国インビトロジェン株式会社)を加え、1.3mLの293 fectin Transfection Reagent(日本国インビトロジェン株式会社)に33.7mLのOpti-MEM I Reduced Serum Medium(日本国インビトロジェン株式会社)を加え、5分間室温でインキュベートした。インキュベート後この2液を混合し、更に20~30分間室温でインキュベートした。その後、1×109cells/LのFree style 293F細胞を含む培地に前記方法で処理された発現ベクターを添加し、3日間培養した。
21-3-1.培養上清前処理
培養後、上清を回収し0.22μmフィルター(TCフィルターユニットPES、ナルゲン社)で濾過処理を行った後4℃(低温室)で冷却した。凍結保存した場合には融解後、再度0.22μmフィルターで濾過した。
用いた酸性bufferの組成はくえん酸一水和物(ナカライテスク株式会社、MW:210.14)を3.895g、クエン酸三ナトリウム(和光純薬工業株式会社、MW:258.07)を0.38g、塩化ナトリウム(純正化学株式会社、MW:58.44)8.77gをミリQ水に溶かし、1Lとしたものである。用いた中和bufferの組成はリン酸二水素ナトリウム・二水和物(関東化学株式会社、MW:156.01)を13.1gとリン酸水素二ナトリウム・12水(和光純薬工業株式会社、MW:358.14)を41.5g、塩化ナトリウム(純正化学株式会社、MW:58.44)8.77gをミリQ水に溶かし、1Lとしたものである。
実施例21-3-2で得られた精製標品中のbufferを限外濾過膜VIVASPIN20 10,000 MWCO PES(日本国ザルトリウス・ステディム・ジャパン株式会社)を用いてPBSに置換後、サンプルを濃縮した。濃縮置換操作終了後0.22μmフィルター(Millex GV、日本国日本ミリポア株式会社)により濾過処理を行った。濃縮操作は可能な限りクリーンベンチ内で行った。実施例21-3で行われた全ての工程はクリーンベンチでの作業以外、低温室(+4℃)ないしは氷上で実施した。最終精製品のSDS-PAGE(CBB染色)より、還元条件下では単量体が検出された。蛋白質濃度はA280nmを測定し、比吸光係数(E1%,1cm=10.5)より算出した。
22-1.mFZD7c10-hFcm組換え体の投与
mFZD7c10-hFcm組換え体の薬効評価を行う目的で、マウスへの投与実験を行った。mFZD7c10-hFcm組換え体はヒト抗体Fc領域を含む蛋白であることから、投与により生体内で中和抗体が産生された場合にmFZD7c10-hFcm組換え体の活性が抑制される可能性が考えられた。このため、投与実験には中和抗体産生の危険性を低減させる目的で、機能的なBリンパ球が欠損し抗体が産生されない免疫グロブリンμ鎖遺伝子ノックアウトマウスをMCH(ICR)(日本国日本クレア社)系統への戻し交配により得られたホモ接合体(97KDマウス、日本国日本クレア株式会社、Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97:722-7, 2000)を用いた。投与期間中、97KDマウスは温湿度及び、照明時間を一定(温度:22℃、湿度:55%、明暗各12時間)にした条件下で、飼料(CE-2、日本国日本クレア社)を自由摂取出来る環境で飼育した。6週齢時点の投与開始日前日(Day-1)の体重を元に、1群5匹ずつ計4群に群分けを実施した。mFZD7c10-hFcm組換え体投与群には、mFZD7c10-hFcm組換え体を蛋白濃度5mg/mLとなるようにPBSで調製して凍結保存しておいた投与液を用時に融解し、各個体に200μLずつ1mg/doseの用量で10日に1回の頻度で計7回(q10d7)、尾静脈内に投与した。コントロール群として、無処置コントロール群を設定した。初回投与日をDay0とし、Day60まで10日おきに計7回の尾静脈投与を実施した後、Day70に全ての群の動物を剖検に供した。
剖検において、右大腿骨を採取し、3点曲げ試験を行った。試験実施において支点間距離は6mmとし、その中点に荷重し最大荷重(N)を測定した。
剖検において、左脛骨を採取し、高分解能マイクロフォーカスX線CTスキャナー(マイクロCT、Scan Xmate-L090、日本国コムスキャンテクノ社)、使用解析ソフト(TRY 3D-BON、ラトックシステムエンジニアリング社)を用いて脛骨近位骨幹端部 海綿骨領域の内部構造を非破壊的に観察し、単位骨量(BV/TV)、骨梁幅(Tb. Th)、骨梁数(Tb. N)、骨梁間隔(Tb. Sp)、骨梁中心間距離(Tb. Spac)を測定した(図25)。
配列番号5:融合蛋白質をコードするDNA
配列番号6:融合蛋白質
配列番号9:融合蛋白質をコードするDNA
配列番号10:融合蛋白質
配列番号13:融合蛋白質をコードするDNA
配列番号14:融合蛋白質
配列番号17:融合蛋白質をコードするDNA
配列番号18:融合蛋白質
配列番号27~31:融合蛋白質
配列番号38~43:融合蛋白質をコードするDNA
配列番号50及び51:センスオリゴDNA
配列番号52~55:プライマー
配列番号56:融合蛋白質をコードするDNA
配列番号57:融合蛋白質
配列番号62及び63:プライマー
配列番号64:融合蛋白質をコードするDNA
配列番号65:融合蛋白質
配列番号66~68:プライマー
配列番号69:融合蛋白質をコードするDNA
配列番号70:融合蛋白質
配列番号71:プライマー
配列番号72:融合蛋白質をコードするDNA
配列番号73:融合蛋白質
Claims (21)
- 哺乳動物由来のFrizzled1、Frizzled2及びFrizzled7からなる群から選択されるFrizzled受容体由来の骨量、骨密度及び/又は骨強度増加作用をもつ細胞外システインリッチドメイン、又は該ドメインのアミノ酸配列と85%以上の配列同一性を有しかつ骨量、骨密度及び/又は骨強度増加作用をもつ該ドメインの変異体、を含む蛋白質、或いは、該蛋白質をコードする核酸を含むベクター、を有効成分として含有する骨疾患治療用医薬組成物。
- 上記蛋白質が、上記細胞外システインリッチドメイン又はその変異体と哺乳動物由来免疫グロブリンFc蛋白質又はその変異体との融合蛋白質であり、及び、上記蛋白質をコードする核酸が該融合蛋白質をコードする核酸である、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 上記蛋白質が化学修飾されている、請求項1又は2記載の組成物。
- 上記化学修飾が、1又は複数のポリエチレングリコール分子の結合である、請求項3記載の組成物。
- 上記化学修飾が、糖鎖の結合である、請求項3記載の組成物。
- 上記蛋白質が、前記Frizzled受容体の細胞外領域蛋白質の断片であって、上記細胞外システインリッチドメインを含む断片である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の組成物。
- 上記蛋白質が、組換え蛋白質である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項記載の組成物。
- 上記細胞外システインリッチドメインが、前記Frizzled受容体の細胞外領域蛋白質のアミノ酸配列において、そのN末端側の第1システイン残基から第10システイン残基までのアミノ酸配列を少なくとも含むアミノ酸配列を有する、請求項1~7のいずれか1項記載の組成物。
- 上記細胞外領域蛋白質が、配列番号19、20、22、23又は25のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項6~8のいずれか1項記載の組成物。
- 上記細胞外システインリッチドメインを含む蛋白質が、配列番号21、配列番号24、又は配列番号26の上記N末端側の第1システイン残基から第10システイン残基までのアミノ酸配列を含む蛋白質である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項記載の組成物。
- 上記細胞外システインリッチドメインを含む蛋白質をコードする核酸が、配列番号44~49のいずれかのヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項1~10のいずれか1項記載の組成物。
- 上記Fc蛋白質が、配列番号4のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項2~11のいずれか1項記載の組成物。
- 上記Fc蛋白質をコードする核酸が、配列番号3のヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項2~11のいずれか1項記載の組成物。
- 上記融合蛋白質が、配列番号27~31のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項2~11のいずれか1項記載の組成物。
- 上記融合蛋白質をコードする核酸が、配列番号38~43のいずれかのヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項2~11のいずれか1項記載の組成物。
- 上記哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項1~15のいずれか1項記載の組成物。
- 上記骨疾患が、骨量、骨密度及び/又は骨強度の低下を伴う疾患である、請求項1~16のいずれか1項記載の組成物。
- 請求項1~17のいずれか1項記載の組成物を哺乳動物に投与することを含む、骨疾患を治療する方法。
- 上記哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項18記載の方法。
- 上記骨疾患が、骨量、骨密度及び/又は骨強度の低下を伴う疾患である、請求項18記載の方法。
- 上記組成物が、他の骨疾患治療剤と組み合わせて同時に又は連続的に投与される、請求項18~20のいずれか1項記載の方法。
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EP09817788.4A EP2343080B1 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2009-09-30 | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR TREATING BONE DISEASES WHICH COMPRISES PROTEIN COMPRISING Frizzled1, Frizzled2 OR Frizzled7 EXTRACELLULAR CYSTEINE-RICH DOMAIN AND Fc PROTEIN |
JP2010531867A JP5727226B2 (ja) | 2008-09-30 | 2009-09-30 | Frizzled1、Frizzled2又はFrizzled7細胞外システインリッチドメインを含む蛋白質を含有する骨疾患治療用医薬組成物 |
US13/121,637 US20110237514A1 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2009-09-30 | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR TREATING BONE DISEASES WHICH COMPRISES PROTEIN COMPRISING Frizzled1, Frizzled2 OR Frizzled7 EXTRACELLULAR CYSTEINE-RICH DOMAIN |
US13/869,083 US9700594B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2013-04-24 | Pharmaceutical composition for treating bone diseases which comprises protein comprising Frizzled1, Frizzled2 or Frizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain |
US15/609,575 US10646544B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2017-05-31 | Pharmaceutical composition for treating bone diseases which comprises protein comprising Frizzled 1, Frizzled 2 or Frizzled 7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain |
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US13/869,083 Division US9700594B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2013-04-24 | Pharmaceutical composition for treating bone diseases which comprises protein comprising Frizzled1, Frizzled2 or Frizzled7 extracellular cysteine-rich domain |
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US20110237514A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
JP2015070854A (ja) | 2015-04-16 |
JPWO2010038756A1 (ja) | 2012-03-01 |
US20170266255A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
JP5727226B2 (ja) | 2015-06-03 |
EP2343080B1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
EP2343080A1 (en) | 2011-07-13 |
EP2343080A4 (en) | 2012-10-03 |
US9700594B2 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
US20130230520A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
US10646544B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 |
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