JP2008540586A - Akap−pka相互作用の非ペプチド阻害剤 - Google Patents
Akap−pka相互作用の非ペプチド阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本発明の一は、表Aによる非ペプチドタンパク質キナーゼA/タンパク質キナーゼAアンカータンパク質分離剤。
Description
式I
式II
‐ 鎖の長さがC1〜C6である、非環式脂肪族化合物。
‐ 環の大きさがC3〜C9であって、それぞれ独立的に含まれている1つ以上のOまたはNタイプのヘテロ原子を有する脂環式化合物。
‐ 芳香族化合物(単環式、ヘテロアリール、1〜3置換単環式残基)。
例としては、動物性脂肪、植物性脂肪、ワックス、パラフィン、スターチ、トラガカント、セルロース誘導体、ポリエチレングリコール、シリコンベントナイト、シリカ、タルク、酸化亜鉛、またはこれらの物質の混合物が挙げられる。
腫。神経鞘腫。神経芽細胞腫。神経上皮腫、神経線維腫、神経腫、傍神経節腫、非クロム親和性傍神経節腫、角化血管腫、好酸球増加を伴う血管リンパ過形成。硬化血管腫。血管腫症。グロムス血管腫。血管内皮腫。血管腫。血管周囲細胞腫。血管肉腫。リンパ管腫、リンパ管筋腫、リンパ管肉腫。松果体腫。葉状嚢肉腫。血管肉腫。リンパ管肉腫。粘液肉腫、卵巣癌腫。肉腫(例えば、ユーイング肉腫、実験に基づきカポジ肉腫、マスト細胞肉腫)。新生物(例えば、骨新生物、胸部新生物、消化器系新生物、結腸直腸新生物、肝臓新生物、副膵新生物、下垂体新生物、睾丸新生物、眼窩内新生物、頭頸部新生物、中枢得神経の新生物、聴覚器官の新生物、骨盤の新生物、呼吸管や尿生殖路の新生物)。神経線維腫症と頸部扁平上皮異形成。
任意の病因のぜんそく、すなわちアトピー性ぜんそく、非アトピー性ぜんそく、アレルギー性ぜんそく、lgE媒介アトピー性ぜんそく、気管支ぜんそく、本態性ぜんそく、原発性ぜんそく、病理生理学的異常による内因性ぜんそく、環境要因による外因性ぜんそく、未知または不明な原因による本態性ぜんそく、非アトピー性ぜんそく、気管支ぜんそく、気腫性ぜんそく、ストレス誘導ぜんそく、職業ぜんそく、細菌/真菌/原虫/ウイルス感染性によるアレルギーぜんそく、非アレルギー性ぜんそく、初期ぜんそく、「喘鳴小児性症候群」からなる群のぜんそく、
慢性/急性気管支収縮、慢性気管支炎、小気道閉そく及び肺気腫、
任意の病因の気道の閉塞性/炎症性疾病、すなわちぜんそく、塵肺、慢性好酸球性肺炎、慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)、慢性気管支炎、肺気腫または関連呼吸困難を含むCOPD、気管の不可逆性進行性閉塞の特徴を有するCOPD、ショック肺(成人呼吸器疾患症候群、ARDS)、他の医薬品による治療を原因とする気管過敏症の悪化からなる群の気道の閉塞性/炎症性疾病、
任意の病因の塵肺、すなわちアルミニウム肺症やアルミニウム肺塵、炭粉症(ぜんそく)、アスベスト肺症やアスベスト肺塵、カリコシス/石灰肺塵、ダチョウ羽毛塵の吸入によるプチロシス(ptilosis)、鉄微粒子の吸入による鉄沈着症、珪肺症またはポッターぜんそく、綿肺症または綿塵肺、滑石塵肺からなる群の肺塵、
任意の病因の気管支炎、すなわち急性気管支炎、急性喉頭気管支炎、ピーナツ誘発性気管支炎、気管支カタル、クループ性気管支炎、喀痰を伴わない気管支炎、感染性ぜんそく気管支炎、喀痰を伴う気管支炎、ブドウ球菌/連鎖球菌気管支炎、肺胞気管支炎からなる群の気管支炎、
任意の病因の気管支拡張症、すなわち円柱状気管支拡張症、嚢胞状気管支拡張症、紡錘状気管支拡張症、細気管支拡張症、嚢状気管支拡張症、喀痰を伴わない気管支拡張症、濾胞状気管支拡張症からなる群の気管支拡張症、
季節性アレルギー鼻炎、通年性アレルギー鼻炎、または任意の病因の副鼻腔炎、すなわち化膿性/非化膿性副鼻腔炎、急性/慢性副鼻腔炎、し骨蜂巣炎、前副鼻腔炎、上顎副鼻腔炎、ちょう形骨副鼻腔炎からなる群の副鼻腔炎、
任意の病因の関節リウマチ、すなわち急性関節炎、急性痛風性関節炎、原発性慢性多発性関節炎、骨関節症、感染性関節炎、ライム関節炎、プログレディエント(progredient)関節炎、乾癬性関節炎、脊髄関節炎からなる群の関節リウマチ、
炎症を伴う痛風・発熱、または炎症を伴う疼痛、
任意の病因の好酸球関連病理学的異常、すなわち好酸球増加症、好酸球肺湿潤、レフラー症候群、慢性好酸球肺炎、熱帯性肺好酸球増加症、気管支肺炎アスペルギルス症、アスペルギルス腫、好酸球肉芽腫、アレルギー性肉芽腫性脈管炎、チャーグ・ストラウス症候群、結節性多発性動脈炎(PAN)、全身性壊死性血管炎からなる群の好酸球関連病理学的異常、
アトピー性皮膚炎、アレルギー性皮膚炎、またはアレルギー性/アトピー性湿疹、
任意の病因のじんましん、すなわち免疫関連じんましん、補体関連じんましんん、じんましん誘発物質により誘発されたじんましん、物理的刺激により誘発されたじんましん、ストレス誘発性じんましん、突発性じんましん、急性じんましん、慢性じんましん、血管神経性浮腫、コリン性じんましん、常染色体優勢/獲得型寒冷じんましん、接触性じんましん、ジアンティーン(giantean)じんましん、丘疹状じんましんからなる群のじんましん、
任意の病因の結膜炎、すなわち照射性結膜炎、急性カタル性結膜炎、急性伝染性結膜炎、アレルギー性結膜炎、アトピー性結膜炎、慢性カタル性結膜炎、化膿性結膜炎、春先の結膜炎からなる群の結膜炎、
任意の病因のブドウ膜炎、すなわちブドウ膜全体またはその一部の炎症、前部ブドウ膜炎、虹彩炎、毛様体炎、虹彩毛様体炎、肉芽腫性ブドウ膜炎、非肉芽腫性ブドウ膜炎、水晶体過敏性ブドウ膜炎、後部ブドウ膜炎、脈絡膜炎、脈絡網膜炎、乾癬からなる群のブドウ膜炎、
任意の病因の多発性硬化症、すなわち原発性プログレディエント(progredient)多発性硬化症、突発性及び症状の寛解を伴う多発性硬化症からなる群の多発性硬化症、
任意の病因の自己免疫/炎症性疾患、すなわち自己免疫−血液疾患、溶血性貧血、再生不良性貧血、再生不能性貧血、特発性血小板減少性紫斑病、全身性紅斑性狼そう、多発性軟骨炎、強皮症、ウェーゲナー肉芽腫症、光線障害、慢性活動性肝炎、重症筋無力症、スティーブンス・ジョンソン症候群、突発性スプルー、自己免疫過敏結腸症、潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病、内分泌眼病、バセドー氏病、サルコイドーシス、肺胞炎、慢性過敏性肺炎、原発性胆汁性肝硬変、インスリン欠乏性糖尿病または1型膵性メリティス、前部ブドウ膜炎、肉芽腫性ブドウ膜炎または後部ブドウ膜炎、乾性角結膜炎、流行性角結膜炎(蔓延性)、間質性肺線維症、肝硬変症、嚢胞性線維症、乾癬性関節炎、糸球体腎炎(ネフローゼ性、非ネフローゼ性)、急性糸球体腎炎、突発性ネフローゼ、微小変化ネフロパシー、炎症性/過剰増殖性皮膚疾患、乾癬、アトピー性皮膚炎、接触性皮膚炎、アレルギー性接触性皮膚炎、家族性両性天ほうそう、紅斑性天ほうそう、落ち葉状天ほうそう、vulgaris天ほうそうからなる群の自己免疫/炎症性疾患、
臓器移植後の回種移植拒絶反応の予防、
任意の病因の過敏性腸炎(炎症性大腸炎(IBD)、すなわち潰瘍性大腸炎(UC)、膠原性大腸炎、ポリープ性大腸炎、貫壁性大腸炎、クローン病(CD)からなる群の過敏性腸炎、
任意の病因の敗血性ショック、すなわち腎不全、急性腎不全、悪液質、マラリア悪液質、下垂体性悪液質、尿毒性悪液質、心臓悪液質、副腎悪液質またはアジソン病、癌性悪液質、ヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)による感染症から起こる悪液質からなる群の敗血性ショック、
肝臓障害
肺高血圧症、酸素欠乏に誘発される肺高血圧症、
骨希薄化、原発性骨粗しょう症、二次骨粗しょう症、
任意の病因の中枢神経系異常、すなわちうつ病、パーキンソン病、学習記憶障害、遅発性ジスケネジー、薬物依存症、動脈硬化症認知症、ハンチントン病の随伴症状としての認知症、ウィルソン病、激越性麻痺症、視床委縮からなる群の中枢神経系異常、
感染症、特にウイルス感染。該ウイルスは、宿主におけるTNF−αの生成を増大させる、または宿主におけるTNF−αの上方調節に感応するので、複製やその他の重要な活性を妨げる。該感染症のウイルスには、HIV−1、HIV−2、HIV−3、サイトメガロウイルス、CMV、インフルエンザ、アデノウイルス、ヘルペスウイルス(帯状ヘルペスや単純ヘルペスを含む)が挙げられる。
イースト菌感染症と真菌感染症。該イーストと菌類は、宿主におけるTNF−αの上方調節に感応するまたはTNF−αの生成を誘発する。特に全身性イースト菌感染症と真菌感染症の治療用に他の薬剤とともに同時投与を行う場合は真菌性髄膜炎に有効である。該他の薬剤の例としては、ポリマイシン、好ましくはポリマイシンB、イミダゾール、好ましくはクロトリマゾール、エコナゾール、ミコナゾールおよび/またはケトコナゾール、トリアゾール、好ましくはフルコナゾールおよび/またはイトラナゾール、ならびにアンフォテリシン、好ましくはアンフォテリシンBおよび/またはリポソームアンフォテリシンBが挙げられる。
(a)本発明の分離剤または該分離剤を標的とする認識分子を生成する工程、および
(b)前記工程(a)による少なくとも1つの生成物を、細胞、細胞培養物、組織、およ
び/または標的生物に接触させる工程
を含む方法に関する。
本発明の好ましい実施態様では、上記方法は、調節がPKAの調節RIIサブユニット、好ましくはRIIアルファサブユニットおよび/またはRIIベータサブユニットであるRIIサブユニットに有効であるという特徴を有する。
(a)好ましくはリード構造の形態をとる、本発明による分離剤を生成する工程と、
(b)好ましくは組み合せた医薬品設計および/または構造に基づく医薬品設計を使用し
てリード構造の化学的改良を行うことによって物質を得る工程、および任意に
(c)前記AKAP−PKA相互作用に影響を及ぼす能力について前記物質を試験する工
程、および任意に
(d)医薬品として適切な物質を選択する工程。
特に明記しない限り、使用した試薬と化学薬品は、Merck (Darmstadt)、Sigma (Deisenhofen)、またはCarl Roth (Karlsruhe)から購入した。
LB培地
トリプトン10g/l
NaCl10g/l
酵母エキス5g/l
pH7.0
溶液は、よく撹拌してから加圧減菌処理した。
LB培地に、寒天15g/lを添加してから加圧減菌処理した。
寒天プレートを調製するため、すべての固形微粒子が溶解するまでLB寒天を電子レンジで加熱した。
摂氏40度まで冷却した後、必要な抗生物質を添加し、溶液をプレートに流し込んだ。
アンピシリンは、増殖細菌中の細胞壁合成を防ぐペニシリン誘導体である。原液の状態で(100mg/ml)−20℃で保管し、使用直前にLB寒天またはLB培地において濃度100μg/mlまで希釈した。
H2Oの0.5l中にトリス(ヒドロキシメチル)アミノメタン(トリス) 242g
0.5MのEDTA 40ml、pH8
酢酸 22.8ml
H2O 1l
臭化エチジウム 1g
H2O 100ml
ブロモフェノールブルー 250mg
キシレンシアノール 250mg
150mMトリス−HCl 33ml、pH7.6
グリセロール 60ml
H2O 7ml
IPTG 1.79g
H2O 50ml
Na2HPO4×2H2O28.5g
NaH2HPO4×H2O5.5g
NaCl164g
H2O1l
トラシロール(アプロチニン1.4μg/μl
ベンズアミジン0.5mM
ダイズトリプシン阻害剤(STI)3.2μg/μl
PMSF14mg
エタノール(ethanol)2ml
DTT771mg
H2O10ml
PBS
プロテアーゼ阻害剤混合物(1:125)
PMSF溶液(1:80)
DTT原液(1:100)
リゾチーム10mg
H2O10ml
還元グルタチオン40mM
NaCl200mM
0.2%Tween 20
トリスHcl100mM、pH8.5
トリスHcl100mM、pH6.8
4%SDS
20%グリセロール
10%β−メルカプトエタノール
0.02%ブロモフェノールブルー
DTT30mM
下記の量は、ゲル2つ分の量
30%アクリルアミド(0.8%ビスアクリルアミド含む)3.75ml
トリスHcl0.75M(5.625ml)、pH8.8
20%SDS56.5μl
H2O2.5ml
10%ペルオキソニ硫酸アンモニウム(APS)79μl
N,N,N',N'−テトラメチルエチレンジアミン(TEMED)5.65μl
下記の量は、ゲル2つ分の量
30%アクリルアミド(0.8%ビスアクリルアミド含む)835μl
トリスHcl0.625M(625μl)、pH6.8
20%SDS25μl
H2O3.5ml
10%APS25μl
TEMED5μl
グリシン250mM
トリス25mM
0.1%SDS
クーマーシィブリリアントブルーG250(2g)
酢酸75ml
メタノール500ml
H2O1l
酢酸75ml
エタノール100ml
H2O1l
トリス25mM
グリシン190mM
20%メタノール
トリスHcl10mM、pH8.0
NaCl150mM
TBSに同じ。ただし0.01%Tween 20を含む。
赤色S2g
トリクロロ酢酸30g
スルホサリチル酸30g
H2O100ml
TBST中に脱脂粉乳50g/l
クーマーシィブリリアントブルーG250(100mg)
非変性エタノール50ml
H2O800ml
溶液は一晩置いてから、リン酸100mlを添加。
H2O1l
溶液は撹拌し濾過する。
プロテアーゼ阻害剤混合物80μl
PMSF溶液125μl
DTT原液0.5M(20μl)
PBS10ml
脱脂粉乳150mg
DTT原液0.5M(100μl)
0.05%Tween 20
PMSF溶液625μl
プロテアーゼ阻害剤混合物400μl
PBS50ml
PBS中0.05%Tween 20
形質転換を行うため、BL21(DE3)株のコンピテント大腸菌細胞を、CohenとWangの方法に従って生成した。
GST融合タンパク質を発現させるため、クローンタンパク質コード配列を含むpGEX−4T3プラスミド(図1)を使用した。該ベクターは、細菌細胞に外来DNAを導入するために使用することができる。また、プラスミドDNAは、例えば対照用に、細胞から再分離することができる。
(大腸菌から分離した)EcoRI等の制限エンドヌクレアーゼは、配列で規定される特定部位においてDNAを切断する。酵素は、該配列を認識し、結合し、加水分解によりDNAを切断する。大腸菌等の微生物は、外来DNAを分解する制限エンドヌクレアーゼを有する。自己DNAと外来DNAとの間の区別は、DNAのメチル化パターンを変化させることによって可能である。
電気泳動法において、電圧を印加することによって、分子は、ゲル中において大きさや電荷に従って分離される。
アンピシリンを含むLB培地150mlに、寒天プレート由来の形質転換クローンの大腸菌細胞を接種した。培養液は、一晩30℃で培養した(ON)(37℃において、細胞成長が非常に急速になるので、培養は次の日には対数増殖期をすでに超える。更に、培養温度を上昇させるにつれて、融合タンパク質の基本的発現が増大する。これにより、不溶性封入体が形成された結果として精製が遅延する可能性がある)。
タンパク質の精製と分子量とを分析するために使用した方法は、Laemmliによる、不連続ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム−ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動法(SDS PAGE)である。
SDS PAGEによる分離に続いて行うウエスタンブロッティングにおいては、タンパク質は、電圧を用いてニトロセルロースまたはポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)の膜に転写され、特定の抗体(Ab)を使用して検出される。Abへの結合後、過剰なAbを洗浄除去し、膜は標識化され一次Abを特異的認識する二次Abで培養される。標識は、放射性同位体または染料形成反応を触媒する酵素から成る。
ブラッドフォード法は、グルタチオンセファロース溶出液中のタンパク質濃度の測定に最適である。これは、使用する色原体(クーマーシィブリリアントブルーG250)が、溶出液にも存在する過剰なグルタチオンに結合せず、陽イオン疎水性アミノ酸側鎖に特に結合するからである。
ELISAは、抗原を特異的抗体で検出する方法である。検出は、結合パートナーの1つと共有結合する酵素によって行われ、酵素は色原体の変化を触媒する。これによって、例えば染色や化学発光等が定量的に発生する(ウエスタンブロッティングで記載のとおり)。2つの結合パートナーの1つは固定化するので、非結合抗体または非結合抗原の除去は非常に容易である。検出は、特別な読取り装置(ELISAリーダー)内の光電子増倍管を使用して化学発光の強度(I)を観察することによって行われる。測定値の出力は、相対照度ユニット(RLU)において行う。
実験で得られたデータの一部を、GraphPad Prism(GraphPad Software, San Diego, USA)を使用して評価した。
Y=Bmax・X/Kd+X
Y=最小値+(最大値−最小値)/1+10x−log/C50
スクリーニング、すなわち、AKAP18デルタ−RIIアルファ結合の潜在的阻害剤を系統的・部分的に自動検索を行うために、FMP20000物質ライブラリーを用いた。ライブラリーには、20064の様々な市販の物質が含まれていた。これらの物質は、57MTP上のDMSO中の原液10mM中にあって、それぞれ384のウェルを有していた(ChemDiv, San Diego, USA)。ライブラリーの物質は、既知の薬理学的活性物質にも適用される特定基準に従って選択されている。該基準には、Lipinski's Ruleも含まれる(「考察」を参照)。
*1E、1F、24K、24Lにおいて、小分子のピペット操作後、ブロッキング緩衝剤10μlを、GST−AKAP18デルタ20μlで置換した。
2.1 組み換えAKAP18デルタの精製
2.1.1 AKAP18デルタ−GST融合タンパク質をコードするプラスミド
GST融合タンパク質の発現(図1)に適しており、かつAKAP18デルタコード化配列を含むpGEX−4T3ベクターは、すでに本研究チームが利用できるようにしてあった。1059塩基対を含むAKAP18デルタcDNA断片は、GSTコード化配列の3'末端に位置したので、発現タンパク質におけるGSTは、AKAP18デルタのN−ターミナル末端に位置した。本作業を開始する前に、短時間配列決定を行うことによって、配列の正確性を確認した。
IPTG含有培地中で培養することによって、pGEX−AKAP18デルタベクターで形質転換された細菌が、組み換えタンパク質を発現可能になる。その後細菌細胞溶解を行ってから、溶液中に放出されたGST融合タンパク質をグルタチオンセファロースに結合させ、洗浄し、最後に余分のグルタチオンで溶出した。
・1×フレンチプレス
・3×フレンチプレス
・1×フレンチプレス溶菌前にDTT5mMを添加
・室温で30分間リゾチームを使用(1mg/ml)
・37℃で30分間リゾチームを使用(1mg/ml)
GST−AKAP18デルタがグルタチオンセファロースに結合する効率を最適化することを試みた。これは、セファロースビーズによる細胞溶解物の培養時間と培養温度を変化させることによって行った(図6B)。30分間室温で細胞溶解物の培養を行うと高いタンパク質収率を得られることが分かった。
セファロースビーズからのGST−AKAP18デルタの溶出は、標準条件下ではあまり有効でないことが分かったので、タンパク質収率を最大化するために溶出条件を適合化した。
PKAのRIIアルファサブユニットとGST−AKAP18デルタとの間のタンパク質間結合の定量的検出を行うため、ELISAに基づく検出を行った。これは、通常試験によって適切に最適化されたものであり、他のすべてのAKAPタンパク質とPKAサブユニットに対して使用可能である。
・適切な結合またはブロッキング用の緩衝剤の組成
・MTPに結合するRIIアルファタンパク質の量
・プレート結合RIIアルファに結合するGST−AKAP18デルタの量
・検出用の抗体の適切な希釈
・ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)溶液がELISAに及ぼす影響(ペプチドと有機物質はDMSOに溶解)
・対照反応の阻害性ペプチドの濃度
・RIIアルファ、GST−AKAP18デルタ、抗体、及び化学発光検出用溶液の培養時間
・結合タンパク質を有するMTPの保管条件
・化学発光の検出
脱脂粉乳、ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)、及びELISA用に特別に前処理を施したBSA(ELIS BSA)を、ブロッキング試薬として調べた(図8A。単一測定)。
RIIアルファ濃度を徐々に増大させた結合緩衝剤溶液をピペット操作してMTPのウェルに入れた。自由結合部位を脱脂粉乳溶液でブロッキングした後、プレートに結合したタンパク質量をPKARIIalphaAbと抗マウスPODAbで検出した。この時点で最適な抗体濃度は既知でなかったので、1:5000希釈物(PKARIIalpha)と1:10000希釈物(抗マウスPOD)を使用した。測定した化学発光強度は、タンパク質濃度に関してグラフに表して、タンパク質によるウェルの飽和が達成されたかどうか、またその達成時期について決定した(図8B)。
25ngまたは40ngのRllアルファ4を、各回2列のMTPウェルに結合させた。ブロッキング後、GST−AKAP18デルタ濃度を徐々に増大させた(ウェルにつき0〜200ng)ブロッキング緩衝剤溶液をピペット操作してウェルに入れた。以下、該試験アレイを「結合シリーズ」と呼ぶ。結合タンパク質の検出は、A18デルタ3と抗ラビットPOD Abとを使用して行った(それぞれ1:5000、1:10000)。測定シグナル強度は、ウェルごとにGST−AKAP18デルタの量に関してグラフで表した(図8C)。
上記試験のように、RIIアルファ−GST−AKAP18デルタ結合シリーズを調製してから、様々なA18デルタ3Ab希釈物を使用して検出した(図9B)。最初、抗ラビットPOD Abの希釈物は1:10000で維持した。
前章と同じ試験を行った。この試験では、A18デルタ3一次抗体の希釈率は1:1000であった(図9C)。同様に、希釈率を1:10000から1:3000まで減少させると、抗ラビットPOD Abの場合において、シグナル強度と感度の増大が観察された。
有機溶媒ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)の、タンパク質間結合またはその検出に及ぼす影響を調べる必要があった。その理由は、対照として用いた阻害性ペプチドL314EとHt31、ならびに物質ライブラリー自体がDMSO中で溶解したからである。
シグナル特異性を制御するため、ウェルにつき25ngのRIIアルファを一列のMTPに結合させ、一方2列目のMTPにはRIIアルファを結合させなかった。非特異的結合部位をブロッキングした後、GST−AKAP18デルタの濃度を徐々に増大させた溶液をピペット操作して上記両列に入れ、特異的に結合したタンパク質を、抗体によって検出した(図10C)。
周知のとおり、AKAPとPKAのRサブユニットとの間の結合は、AKAP由来ペプチドによって特異的かつ競合的に阻害することができる。したがって、該ペプチドを、ペプチドによってRIIアルファとGST−AKAP18デルタとの間の相互作用を防ぐ目的で、対照反応において使用した。この場合においても、可能な限り感度が高い検出を行うため、確立されたアンカーペプチド阻害剤Ht31とAKAP18−L314EとのIC50値をまず測定した。IC50値は、考えられる最大のタンパク質間合成物のうちわずか50%が形成される場合におけるペプチド濃度である。
時間要素は、物質ライブラリースクリーニングの計画と実施において少なからぬ役割を果たす。したがって、複数の追加実験を行って、必要な培養時間に関する情報を得た。まず、適切な化学発光強度を得るために十分なタンパク質合成物を形成する時間を試験した。このため、再び結合シリーズをピペット操作して、MTP洗浄により15分後、30分後、60分後に、タンパク質間結合の形成を妨害した。その後、結合GST−AKAP18デルタの量を、Abを用いて検出した(図12)。
更に、GST−AKAP18デルタのRIIアルファへの結合を、競合阻害作用を有するL314Eペプチドと18d−PP対照ペプチドとの存在下で調べた。濃度0.01μMまたは10μMのペプチドを反応バッチに15分、30分、または60分間入れてから、結合GST−AKAP18デルタの量を検出した(図13A)。この場合も、先に測定された場合のように培養時間30〜60分で十分であることが分かった。
抗体の抗原への結合は、時間依存的に進行し、最初、特異性は、培養時間を増大させるにつれて増大した。特異性は、例えば、タンパク質分解によってやがて後の時点で減少する可能性がある。高感度測定に必要な培養時間を得るため、RIIアルファ−GST−AKAP18デルタ合成物にA18デルタ3抗体と抗ラビットPOD抗体とを添加した。結合反応は、洗浄により15分後、30分後、60分後に妨害した。この場合、一次抗体と二次抗体に関するすべての可能性がある培養時間の組合せを考慮した(図13B)。
ルミノールの酸化による化学発光は、時間依存性反応である。強度は、反応過程において基質が消費され、ペルオキシダーゼが変性されたので、数分後に低下した。
スクリーニングを迅速に行うためには、複数のMTPをRIIアルファで被覆し、将来使用する場合に備えて保管することが妥当であった。保管の結果タンパク質が分解しないことを確認するため、RIIアルファを上記のように2列のMTPに結合させ、非特異的結合部位をブロックした。その後、1つの列を1時間室温で保管し、もう一方の列を66時間4℃で保管した後、ELISAを実施した。結合GST−AKAP18デルタの量を検出した(図14)。
いったんセクション1.12に記載のようにMTPをピペット操作して測定すると、測定化学発光強度が十分高いかどうか確かめるために初期試験がなされた。十分高い場合、各ウェルの化学発光を、Microsoft Excelの表計算プログラムを使用して、対照と比較したRIIアルファ−GST−AKAP18デルタ結合量の百分率値に変換した。このために、80ngのGST−AKAP18デルタを有する対照の測定値の平均値(ウェルC1、D1、M24、N24。表1.1と1.2を参照)を100%とした。目視評価を容易にするため、続いて結果は、自動色指定によって色指定を受けた(Microsoft Visual Basicに記載のプログラムを使用)。このとき、10%間隔で様々な色を使用した。一例を挙げると、表2.1は、MTPの生データ(RLUにおける化学発光)と、色指定を伴う結合百分率変換とを示す。スクリーニングの完全なデータは、付録で参照可能である。
上:スクリーニングで使用したMTPの測定から得た生データ。RLUにおける化学発光の強度を示す。
下:生データを使用して、対照(ウェルC1、D1、M24、N24.プレート占有分については表2.1も参照)と比較した潜在的阻害剤の存在下におけるGST−AKAP18デルタとRIIアルファとの間の結合百分率を計算し、下記のカラーチャートに従って色指定した。
Ohne:なし 、Substanz/Comp.ID:物質/化合物ID、〔Substanz〕/μM:〔物質〕/μM、〔Lumineszenz〕/RLU:〔発光〕/RLU
物質ライブラリーのスクリーニングで見つかった潜在的阻害剤を検証するため、これらの潜在的阻害剤をライブラリーMTPから選択して、表2.3に示したピペット操作概要に従って、対照反応とともに希釈シリーズを確立した。希釈シリーズは、GST−AKAP18デルタ−RIIアルファ結合の特異的阻害作用が存在する場合にのみに期待される、見つかった潜在的阻害剤の濃度依存性を実証するためのものである。確認データを使用して、これらの化合物(表2.4)のIC50値をセクション1.11に記載のとおり計算した(図15)。これらの値は、いずれの物質濃度において、考えられる最大阻害作用の半分が達成されるかを示す。物質量は限定されているので、単一測定を行ったが、対照以外では、図15には誤差表示はみられない。
タンパク質キナーゼAアンカータンパク質(AKAP)は、cAMP依存シグナル経路において重要な役割を果たす。これらは、組織特異的に発現される。様々なAKAPタンパク質は、タンパク質キナーゼA(PKA)を、様々な細胞内コンパートメント上でアンカリングする。同時に、これらは、更なるシグナル経路の重要な成分のための足場タンパク質となり得る。
活性物質に関する1つの重要な必要事項は、生体膜を通過可能なことである。細胞内における能力、ならびに事実上生物内と細胞培養モデル内との両方における能力は、該生体膜通過可能性に大きく依存する。膜透過性の前提条件は、物質の親油性である。一方、膜移動の推進力は、膜の一つの側における可能な限り高い濃度である。これは、親油性に反比例する水媒体における良好な可溶性によってのみ達成可能である。
P=[物質]1−octanol/[物質]water
・水素結合供与体数が5個を超える(OH基とNH基との合計)
・水素結合受容体数が10個を超える(N原子とO原子との合計)
・分子量が約500g/mol
・分配係数logP>5
スクリーニング後に検証を行い(表2.4、図2.11、2.12)、特定の阻害剤が、濃度依存的に、RIIアルファPKAサブユニットとGST−AKAP18デルタとの結合を阻害することが分かった。
一方、水素結合によるAKAPのRII結合領域への直接結合も考えられる。
RIIアルファGST−AKAP18デルタ結合の阻害剤は、利点を有する新しい医薬品群として開発されている。
今日まで、AKAPタンパク質とPKAのRIIサブユニットとの間におけるタンパク質間相互作用は、セクション1.8に記載のとおりペプチド(Ht31、AKAPIS)を使用して阻害されていた。しかし、AKAP−RII合成物の特異的阻害は、この方法では不可能である。理由は、ペプチドはHt31のRII結合領域に対応する、あるいは様々なAKAPタンパク質から計算されたコンセンサス結合部位を起点として発生しているからである。したがって、システム内にみられるすべての調節サブユニットをブロックすることが研究されている。
PKAの調節RIIアルファサブユニットとのAKAP18デルタの相互作用を阻害する低分子量物質である。表は、少なくとも40%分、相互作用を阻害する142の物質を示す。
「結合率(単位%)」:各物質の存在下における、GST−AKAP18デルタとPKA−RIIアルファとの相対結合の百分率を示す。これは、対照(各物質の非存在下における、GST−AKAP18デルタとPKA−RIIアルファとの結合)に基づく。これらの物質は、図17に示したELISAに基づく試験アレイを使用して20064の化合物から構成される物質ライブラリーをスクリーニングして識別した。物質の構造が示されている。物質は、その阻害効果に従って配列されている。リストは、PKAの調節RIIaサブユニットとのAKAP18デルタの相互作用に最も潜在的阻害性を有する物質から順に配列されている。
「MW(g/mol)」:この値は、各物質の分子量を示す。分子量も、各物質の大きさの近似を示す。これは、バイオアベイラビリティに関して重要である(小分子は、より容易に細胞膜を通過可能)。
「化合物ID」:これらの数値は、Leibniz-Institut fur Molekulare Pharmakologieのシリアルコードを示す(合計20064)。
「プレートID」:物質が保管されている各物質ライブラリープレートの番号。
「位置ID」:物質が保管されている物質ライブラリープレートの位置。
「式」記載の経験公式は、各物質の元素組成を示す。
「logP」:この値は、各物質の分配係数の計算対数値である。これによって、極性相(水相)及び非極性相(膜性(脂質))における各物質の可溶性について予測可能となるので、細胞システムにおけるバイオアベイラビリティに関して初期情報が得られる。
「logSw」:この値は、可溶性係数の計算対数値である。これによって、水中における各物質の可溶性について情報が得られる。
「水素結合受容体」:各物質における、水素結合受容体数(N原子とO原子)を示す。
「水素結合供与体」:各物質における、水素結合供与体数(NH基とOH基)を示す。水素結合は、小分子とタンパク質との間の非共有結合の最も重要な種類である。したがって、水素結合供与体と水素結合受容体は、タンパク質と相互作用する物質の潜在能力を増大させる。
「原子結合数」:この値は、各物質の原子結合の数に対応する。これを中心として自由回転可能である。該結合数が大きいと、物質の構造的フレキシビリティが高まるので、タンパク質表面に適切に結合する確率も高まる。
要約すると、上記データによって、Lipinskiら(Lipinski, C.A., Lombardo, F., Dominy, B.W., Feeney, P.J., 「薬剤の発見・開発設定における可溶性と浸透性とを予測するための実験的コンピュータ使用に基づく方法」(Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings). Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 46, 3-26 (2001))によって実証された化学物質のバイオアベイラビリティに関する予測が可能になる。更に、これらの物質は、いわゆるRule of Fiveに適合するべきである。
・水素結合供与体数が最大5個(OH基とNH基との合計)
・水素結合受容体数が最大10個(N原子とO原子との合計)
・分子量が最大500g/mol
・分配係数logPは5以下
PKAの調節RIIアルファサブユニットとのAKAP18デルタの相互作用を阻害する選択された低分子量物質である。表は、少なくとも80%分、相互作用を阻害する物質を表Aから9つ選んで記載している。
「結合率(単位%)」:この値は、各物質の存在下における、GST−AKAP18デルタとPKA−RIIアルファとの相対結合の百分率を示す。これは、対照(物質の非存在下における、GST−AKAP18デルタとPKA−RIIアルファとの結合)に基づく。
IC50値は、各物質を滴定することによって測定した。相互作用阻害のIC50値は、図17に記載のELISA実験を使用して測定した。
「MW(g/mol)」:この値は、各物質の分子量を示す。分子量も、各物質の大きさの近似を示す。これは、バイオアベイラビリティに関して重要である(小分子は、より容易に細胞膜を通過可能)。
「化合物ID」:これらの数値は、Leibniz-Institut fur Molekulare Pharmakologieのシリアルコードを示す(合計20064)。
「プレートID」:これらの数値は、物質が保管されている各物質ライブラリープレートの番号である。
「位置ID」:物質が保管されている物質ライブラリープレートの位置。
「式」記載の経験式は、各物質の元素組成を示す。
「logP」:この値は、各物質の分配係数の計算対数値である。これによって、極性相(水相)及び非極性相(膜性(脂質))における各物質の可溶性について予測可能となるので、細胞システムにおけるバイオアベイラビリティに関して初期情報が得られる。
「logSw」:この値は、可溶性係数の計算対数値である。これによって、水中における各物質の可溶性について情報が得られる。
「水素結合受容体」:各物質における、水素結合受容体数(N原子とO原子)を示す。
「水素結合供与体」:各物質における、水素結合供与体数(NH基とOH基)を示す。水素結合は、小分子とタンパク質との間の非共有結合の最も重要な種類である。したがって、水素結合供与体と水素結合受容体は、タンパク質と相互作用する物質の潜在能力を増大させる。
「原子結合数」:この値は、各物質の原子結合の数に対応する。これを中心として自由回転可能である。該結合数が大きいと、物質の構造的フレキシビリティが高まるので、タンパク質表面に適切に結合する確率も高まる。
PKAの調節RIIアルファサブユニットとのAKAP18デルタの相互作用を調節する低分子量物質である。物質は、表A、Bに記載の物質990の誘導体である。これらの物質は、化学的改良により物質990から形成した。各物質の構造、実験式、分子量(MW)、logP値、水素結合受容体数、及び水素結合供与体数を示した(これらのパラメータについての説明は、表A、Bの凡例を参照)。PKAの調節RIIアルファサブユニットとのAKAP18デルタの相互作用に対する各物質の阻害効果は、図17に示したELISA実験において最高3回まで(スクリーニング番号1〜3)調べた。その結果からIC50(平均値。単位:μM)を測定した。誘導体と物質990とのIC50比を計算した(IC50比(化合物/990))。値が1より大きい場合はより阻害性が高いことを反映し、値が1より小さい場合は元の物質に比べて相互作用阻害性が小さいことを反映する。IC50平均値は、990のIC50平均値に関して行った実験から計算し、正規化した、IC50平均値を示す。阻害性を示さない物質には「−」を記載した。
PKAの調節RIIアルファサブユニットとのAKAP18デルタの相互作用を阻害する低分子量物質SM−FPと990である。物質SM−FPは、表A、Bに記載の物質990の誘導体である。SM−FPは、蛍光基の存在によって特徴付けられる。各物質の構造、実験式、分子量(MW)、logP値、水素結合受容体数、及び水素結合供与体数を示した(これらのパラメータについての説明は、表A、Bの凡例を参照)。PKAの調節RIIアルファサブユニットとのAKAP18デルタの相互作用に対する各物質の阻害効果は、図17に示したELISA実験において最高3回まで(スクリーニング番号1〜3)調べた。その結果からIC50(平均値。単位:μM)を測定した。誘導体と物質990とのIC50比を計算した(IC50比(化合物/990)。値が1より大きい場合はより阻害性が高いことを反映し、値が1より小さい場合は元の物質に比べて相互作用阻害性が小さいことを反映する。IC50平均値は、990のIC50平均値に関して行った実験から計算し、正規化した、IC50平均値を示す。阻害性を示さない物質には「−」を記載した。
表中英語の意味は以下;Structures:構造、Comp. ID:化合物ID、PlateID 384:プレートID384、PosID384:位置ID384、Binding:結合率、H acceptor:水素結合受容体、H donor:水素結合供与体、B rotN:原子結合数
Comp. ID:化合物ID、ID No.:ID番号、Structure:構造、Formula:式、PlateID:プレートID、PosID:位置ID、Bar ID:バーコード、Binding:結合率、H acceptor:水素結合受容体、H donor:水素結合供与体、B rotN:原子結合数
表中の英語の意味は以下;
Substance:物質
Structure:構造
Formula:式
H
IC50 in Screening no.1-3(μM):スクリーニング番号1〜3におけるIC50(μM)
Ratio IC50(comp./990) in Screening no. 1-3(μM):スクリーニング番号1〜3におけるIC50比(化合物/990)(μM)
Mean IC50(μM):IC50平均値(μM)
H acceptor:水素結合受容体
H donor:水素結合供与体
表中の英語は以下の意味;
表中の英語の意味は以下;
Substance:物質
Structure:構造
Formula:式
H
IC50 in Screening no.1-3(μM):スクリーニング番号1〜3におけるIC50(μM)
Ratio IC50(comp./990) in Screening no. 1-3(μM):スクリーニング番号1〜3におけるIC50比(化合物/990)(μM)
Mean IC50(μM):IC50平均値(μM)
H acceptor:水素結合受容体
H donor:水素結合供与体、
Claims (42)
- 表Aによる非ペプチドタンパク質キナーゼA/タンパク質キナーゼAアンカータンパク質分離剤。
- 分子量150〜600g/mol、好ましくは190〜300g/molを有し、分配係数logPが10以下、好ましくは8以下であって、最大10個の水素結合供与体と最大10個の水素結合受容体とを有し、可溶度値logSwが−400〜0であって、原子結合数値が0〜7である非ペプチドタンパク質キナーゼA/タンパク質キナーゼAアンカータンパク質分離剤。
- 最大7個、好ましくは6個の水素結合供与体を有し、最大6個、好ましくは5個、より好ましくは4個の水素結合受容体を有し、および/またはlogP値が1以上8以下、好ましくは1以上5以下であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の分離剤。
- 前記分離剤が、AKAPとPKAサブユニットとの相互作用を少なくとも40%分、好ましくは少なくとも80%分阻害することを特徴とする、前記請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の分離剤。
- 前記分離剤が表Bから選択されることを特徴とする、前記請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の分離剤。
- 該分離剤が表Cから選択されることを特徴とする、前記請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の分離剤。
- 前記分離剤が表Dから選択されることを特徴とする、前記請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の分離剤。
- 一般式Iに記載の前記分離剤が、メソメリズムを介して相互交換可能である(R2とR3は相互交換可能とみなされる)ことを特徴とする、前記請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の分離剤。
式I
(式中、Xは非水素原子、好ましくは硫黄原子である。
R1はアルキル残基、またはアリール残基、好ましくは1−ナフチルメチル残基である。
R2とR3は水素原子、またはアルキル残基またはアリール残基であり、
R2とR3は好ましくは2つの水素原子、2つのメチル残基、1つのベンジル残基と1つのメチル残基、または1つのベンジル残基と1つのtert−ブチル残基である。
特に好ましくは、R2とR3は2−チアゾリジニル残基とメチル残基またはtert−ブチル残基であるか、または1−ナフチル残基と、イソプロピル残基、シクロヘキシル残基、ベンジル残基、またはメチル残基であるか、または一般式IIによるものである。)
式II
(式中、X、R1、R2、R3は式Iと同じ意味を有する) - 該分離剤が、図19による構造を含むことを特徴とする、前記請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の分離剤。
- 該分離剤が、図20による構造を含むことを特徴とする、前記請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の分離剤。
- AKAP18タンパク質、好ましくはAKAP18デルタタンパク質および/またはRIアルファおよび/またはRIIアルファおよび/またはRIベータおよび/またはRIIベータの結合を阻害することを特徴とする、前記請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の分離剤。
- ヒトまたは動物の身体の外科的および/または治療的処置に用いられる、および/またはヒトまたは動物の身体に対して行われる診断方法に用いられる、前記請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の分離剤。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の少なくとも1つの分離剤と、更に少なくとも1つの製剤キャリアおよび/または補助薬を含む医薬品。
- 該キャリアが、溶加剤、崩壊剤、結合剤、保湿剤、増量剤、溶出抑制剤、吸収促進薬、湿潤剤、吸収剤および/または潤滑剤を含む群から選択されることを特徴とする、
前記請求項13に記載の医薬品。 - 前記薬剤が、カプセル、タブレット、被覆タブレット、座薬、軟膏、クリーム、パッド、注射液および/または輸液であることを特徴とする、前記請求項13又は14のいずれかに記載の医薬品。
- 前記認識分子が、抗体、錯化剤および/またはキレート剤であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の分離剤を標的とする認識分子。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の分離剤と、請求項13〜15のいずれかに記載の医薬品および/または請求項16に記載の認識分子と、任意に、該キット成分の組合せおよび/または取扱いに関する情報を含むキット。
- AKAP−PKA相互作用の改良、特に阻害のための前記請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の該分離剤および/または前記請求項13〜15のいずれかに記載の該医薬品の使用、および/または請求項16に記載の認識分子の使用。
- 該相互作用の改良が細胞、細胞培養物、組織および/または標的生物において有効であることを特徴とする、前記請求項18に記載の使用。
- 該相互作用の改良として、AQP2のバソプレッシン誘導再分布を改良、特に阻害していることを特徴とする、前記請求項19に記載の使用。
- RIアルファ、RIIアルファ、RIベータおよび/またはRIIベータPKAサブユニットとAKAPとの該相互作用を改良、特に阻害することを特徴とする、前記請求項18〜20のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 請求項1〜17に記載の該医薬品が、AKAP、好ましくはAKAP18、より好ましくはAKAP18デルタに特異的に結合する、および/または該医薬品がPKA、好ましくはそのサブユニット、特に好ましくはRIIサブユニットに特異的に結合すること
を特徴とする、前記請求項18〜21のいずれかに記載の使用。 - 該サブユニットが、ヒトおよび/またはネズミ科動物由来である、および/またはラット由来であることを特徴とする、前記請求項22に記載の使用。
- 好ましくは区分化cAMP依存シグナル伝達に影響を及ぼす前記請求項18〜23のいずれかに記載の分離剤または医薬品のインビトロまたはインビボでの使用。
- 前記区分化cAMP依存シグナル伝達の欠陥に伴う以下の疾病を含む群から選択される疾病の予防または治療のための薬剤の製造のための前記請求項18〜24のいずれかに記載の分離剤または医薬品の使用:
任意の病因のぜんそく、すなわちアトピー性ぜんそく、非アトピー性ぜんそく、アレルギー性ぜんそく、lgE媒介アトピー性ぜんそく、気管支ぜんそく、本態性ぜんそく、原発性ぜんそく、病理生理学的異常による内因性ぜんそく、環境要因による外因性ぜんそく、未知または不明な原因による本態性ぜんそく、非アトピー性ぜんそく、気管支ぜんそく、気腫性ぜんそく、ストレス誘導ぜんそく、職業ぜんそく、細菌/真菌/原虫/ウイルス感染性によるアレルギーぜんそく、非アレルギー性ぜんそく、初期ぜんそく、「喘鳴小児性症候群」からなる群のぜんそく、
慢性/急性気管支収縮、慢性気管支炎、小気道閉そく及び肺気腫、
任意の病因の気道の閉塞性/炎症性疾病、すなわちぜんそく、塵肺、慢性好酸球性肺炎、慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)、慢性気管支炎、肺気腫または関連呼吸困難を含むCOPD、気管の不可逆性進行性閉塞の特徴を有するCOPD、ショック肺(成人呼吸器疾患症候群、ARDS)、他の医薬品による治療を原因とする気管過敏症の悪化からなる群の気道の閉塞性/炎症性疾病、
任意の病因の塵肺、すなわちアルミニウム肺症やアルミニウム肺塵、炭粉症(ぜんそく)、アスベスト肺症やアスベスト肺塵、カリコシス/石灰肺塵、ダチョウ羽毛塵の吸入によるプチロシス(ptilosis)、鉄微粒子の吸入による鉄沈着症、珪肺症またはポッターぜんそく、綿肺症または綿塵肺、滑石塵肺からなる群の肺塵、
任意の病因の気管支炎、すなわち急性気管支炎、急性喉頭気管支炎、ピーナツ誘発性気管支炎、気管支カタル、クループ性気管支炎、喀痰を伴わない気管支炎、感染性ぜんそく気管支炎、喀痰を伴う気管支炎、ブドウ球菌/連鎖球菌気管支炎、肺胞気管支炎からなる群の気管支炎、
任意の病因の気管支拡張症、すなわち円柱状気管支拡張症、嚢胞状気管支拡張症、紡錘状気管支拡張症、細気管支拡張症、嚢状気管支拡張症、喀痰を伴わない気管支拡張症、濾胞状気管支拡張症からなる群の気管支拡張症、
季節性アレルギー鼻炎、通年性アレルギー鼻炎、または任意の病因の副鼻腔炎、すなわち化膿性/非化膿性副鼻腔炎、急性/慢性副鼻腔炎、し骨蜂巣炎、前副鼻腔炎、上顎副鼻腔炎、ちょう形骨副鼻腔炎からなる群の副鼻腔炎、
任意の病因の関節リウマチ、すなわち急性関節炎、急性痛風性関節炎、原発性慢性多発性関節炎、骨関節症、感染性関節炎、ライム関節炎、プログロディエント(progredient)関節炎、乾癬性関節炎、脊髄関節炎からなる群の関節リウマチ、
炎症を伴う痛風・発熱、または炎症を伴う疼痛、
任意の病因の好酸球関連病理学的異常、すなわち好酸球増加症、好酸球肺湿潤、レフラー症候群、慢性好酸球肺炎、熱帯性肺好酸球増加症、気管支肺炎アスペルギルス症、アスペルギルス腫、好酸球肉芽腫、アレルギー性肉芽腫性脈管炎、チャーグ・ストラウス症候群、結節性多発性動脈炎(PAN)、全身性壊死性血管炎からなる群の好酸球関連病理学的異常、
アトピー性皮膚炎、アレルギー性皮膚炎、またはアレルギー性/アトピー性湿疹、
任意の病因のじんましん、すなわち免疫関連じんましん、補体関連じんましん、じんましん誘発物質により誘発されたじんましん、物理的刺激により誘発されたじんましん、ストレス誘発性じんましん、突発性じんましん、急性じんましん、慢性じんましん、血管神経性浮腫、コリン性じんましん、常染色体優勢/獲得型寒冷じんましん、接触性じんましん、ジアンチーン(giantean)じんましん、丘疹状じんましんからなる群のじんましん、
任意の病因の結膜炎、すなわち照射性結膜炎、急性カタル性結膜炎、急性伝染性結膜炎、アレルギー性結膜炎、アトピー性結膜炎、慢性カタル性結膜炎、化膿性結膜炎、春先の結膜炎からなる群の結膜炎、
任意の病因のブドウ膜炎、すなわちブドウ膜全体またはその一部の炎症、前部ブドウ膜炎、虹彩炎、毛様体炎、虹彩毛様体炎、肉芽腫性ブドウ膜炎、非肉芽腫性ブドウ膜炎、水晶体過敏性ブドウ膜炎、後部ブドウ膜炎、脈絡膜炎、脈絡網膜炎、乾癬からなる群のブドウ膜炎、
任意の病因の多発性硬化症、すなわち原発性プログロディエント(progredient)多発性硬化症、突発性及び症状の寛解を伴う多発性硬化症からなる群の多発性硬化症、
任意の病因の自己免疫/炎症性疾患、すなわち自己免疫−血液疾患、溶血性貧血、再生不良性貧血、再生不能性貧血、特発性血小板減少性紫斑病、全身性紅斑性狼そう、多発性軟骨炎、強皮症、ウェーゲナー肉芽腫症、光線障害、慢性活動性肝炎、重症筋無力症、スティーブンス・ジョンソン症候群、突発性スプルー、自己免疫過敏結腸症、潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病、内分泌眼病、バセドー氏病、サルコイドーシス、肺胞炎、慢性過敏性肺炎、原発性胆汁性肝硬変、インスリン欠乏性糖尿病または1型膵性メリティス、前部ブドウ膜炎、肉芽腫性ブドウ膜炎または後部ブドウ膜炎、乾性角結膜炎、流行性角結膜炎(蔓延性)、間質性肺線維症、肝硬変症、嚢胞性線維症、乾癬性関節炎、糸球体腎炎(ネフローゼ性、非ネフローゼ性)、急性糸球体腎炎、突発性ネフローゼ、微小変化ネフロパシー、炎症性/過剰増殖性皮膚疾患、乾癬、アトピー性皮膚炎、接触性皮膚炎、アレルギー性接触性皮膚炎、家族性両性天ほうそう、紅斑性天ほうそう、落ち葉状天ほうそう、ブルガリス(vulgaris)天ほうそうからなる群の自己免疫/炎症性疾患、
臓器移植後の回種移植拒絶反応の予防、
任意の病因の過敏性腸炎(炎症性大腸炎(IBD)、すなわち潰瘍性大腸炎(UC)、膠原性大腸炎、ポリープ性大腸炎、貫壁性大腸炎、クローン病(CD)からなる群の過敏性腸炎、
任意の病因の敗血性ショック、すなわち腎不全、急性腎不全、悪液質、マラリア悪液質、下垂体性悪液質、尿毒性悪液質、心臓悪液質、副腎悪液質またはアジソン病、癌性悪液質、ヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)による感染症から起こる悪液質からなる群の敗血性ショック、
肝臓障害
肺高血圧症、酸素欠乏に誘発される肺高血圧症、
骨希薄化、原発性骨粗しょう症、二次骨粗しょう症、
任意の病因の中枢神経系異常、すなわちうつ病、パーキンソン病、学習記憶障害、遅発性ジスケネジー、薬物依存症、動脈硬化症認知症、ハンチントン病の随伴症状としての認知症、ウィルソン病、激越性麻痺症、視床委縮からなる群の中枢神経系異常、
感染症、特にウイルス感染。該ウイルスは、宿主におけるTNF−αの生成を増大させる、または宿主におけるTNF−αの上方調節に感応するので、複製やその他の重要な活性を妨げる。該感染症のウイルスには、HIV−1、HIV−2、HIV−3、サイトメガロウイルス、CMV、インフルエンザ、アデノウイルス、ヘルペスウイルス(帯状ヘルペスや単純ヘルペスを含む)が挙げられ、
イースト菌感染症と真菌感染症の該イーストと菌類は、宿主におけるTNF−αの上方調節に感応するまたはTNF−αの生成を誘発し、特に全身性イースト菌感染症と真菌感染症の治療用に他の薬剤とともに同時投与を行う場合は真菌性髄膜炎に有効で、該他の薬剤の例としては、ポリマイシン、好ましくはポリマイシンB、イミダゾール、好ましくはクロトリマゾール、エコナゾール、ミコナゾールおよび/またはケトコナゾール、トリアゾール、好ましくはフルコナゾールおよび/またはイトラナゾール、ならびにアンフォテリシン、好ましくはアンフォテリシンBおよび/またはリポソームアンフォテリシンBが挙げられる。 - 請求項13〜15のいずれかに記載の医薬品が、ゲル、パウドレージ(poudrage)、粉末、タブレット、持続放出タブレット、予混合剤、乳化剤、調合製剤、ドロップ剤、濃縮物、粒状、シロップ、ペレット、ボーラス、カプセル、エアロゾル、スプレーおよび/または吸入の形態にて調製され適用されることを特徴とする、前記請求項18〜25のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 請求項13〜15のいずれかに記載の医薬品が、濃度0.1〜99.5wt%、好ましくは濃度0.5〜95.0wt%、より好ましくは濃度20.0〜80.0wt%で製剤中に存在することを特徴とする、前記請求項26に記載の使用。
- 該製剤が、経口投与、静脈内投与、筋内投与、腹腔内投与および/または局所性投与されることを特徴とする、前記請求項27に記載の使用。
- 請求項13〜15のいずれかに記載の医薬品を、24時間につき体重1kg当り総量0.05〜500mg、好ましくは5〜100mg使用することを特徴とする、前記請求項18〜28のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 請求項13〜15のいずれかに記載の少なくとも1つの医薬品が、生物、好ましくはヒトまたは動物に接触することを特徴とする、前記請求項18〜29のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 接触ルートは、経口、注入、経局所、経膣、経直腸および/または経鼻であること
を特徴とする前記請求項18〜30のいずれかに記載の使用。 - ぜんそく、筋緊張亢進、冠状動脈性心臓病、心臓肥大、十二指腸潰瘍、心不全、肝硬変、統合失調症、AIDS、膵性糖尿病、尿崩症、肥満、慢性閉塞性肺疾患および/または浮腫の予防または治療のための薬剤の製造における前記請求項18〜31のいずれかに記載の分離剤または医薬品の使用。
- 水利尿薬、避妊薬、抗感染症薬、抗不安薬および/または抗癌剤の形態をとることを特徴とする前記請求項18〜32のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の分離剤および/または請求項16に記載の認識分子を含む生物。
- 好ましくは前記認識分子が存在する結果として、該生物が、ぜんそく、筋緊張亢進、心臓肥大、冠状動脈性心臓病、十二指腸潰瘍、心不全、肝硬変、統合失調症、AIDS、膵性糖尿病、尿崩症、肥満、癌、慢性閉塞性肺疾患、学習障害、および/または浮腫を含む群から選択される疾病を示すこと
を特徴とする、前記請求項34に記載の生物。 - 請求項28に記載の生物を、組織および/または細胞特異的なAKAP−PKA相互作用のモデルとして、特に尿崩症、膵性糖尿病、肥満、浮腫、慢性閉塞性肺疾患、AIDS、統合失調症、肝硬変、心不全、冠状動脈性心臓病、心臓肥大、学習向上、筋緊張亢進、十二指腸潰瘍および/またはぜんそくのモデルとして使用すること
を特徴とする、前記請求項18〜32のいずれかに記載の使用。 - AKAP−PKA相互作用を改良、好ましくは阻害する方法であって、前記方法が、以下の工程:
(a)請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の分離剤および/または請求項16に記載の認識
分子を生成する工程、および
(b)前記工程(a)による少なくとも1つの生成物を、細胞、細胞培養物、組織および
/または標的生物に接触させる工程
を含む方法。 - 前記改良がPKAの調節RIIサブユニットに作用することを特徴とする、前記請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記RIIサブユニットがRIIアルファサブユニットおよび/またはRIIベータサブユニットであることを特徴とする前記請求項38に記載の方法。
- 特に組み合せた医薬品設計および/または構造に基づく医薬品設計を使用した医薬品の開発においてリード構造として働く請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の分離剤の使用。
- 医薬品を製造する方法であって、前記方法が、以下の工程:
(a)リード構造として請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の分離剤を生成する工程と、
(b)好ましくは組み合せた医薬品設計および/または構造に基づく医薬品設計を使用し
て該リード構造の化学的改良を行うことによって物質を得る工程、および任意に
(c)該AKAP−PKA相互作用に影響を及ぼす能力について該物質を試験する工程、
および医薬品として適切な物質を選択する工程
を含む方法。 - 該物質を、薬剤として許容可能な形態に調製することを含む、前記請求項41に記載の方法。
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DE102006002614 | 2006-01-16 | ||
PCT/DE2006/000897 WO2006122546A1 (de) | 2005-05-18 | 2006-05-18 | Nicht-peptidische inhibitoren der akap-pka-wechselwirkung |
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US (1) | US20090176773A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1891028A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2008540586A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2611896A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112006002052A5 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006122546A1 (ja) |
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JP2021527665A (ja) * | 2018-06-21 | 2021-10-14 | ユーシービー バイオファルマ エスアールエル | IgEに起因する障害を処置するためのチオフェン誘導体 |
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JP2021534099A (ja) * | 2018-08-06 | 2021-12-09 | ザ ボード オブ トラスティーズ オブ ザ レランド スタンフォード ジュニア ユニバーシティー | 神経変性疾患を治療するためのPpargc1a活性化剤としての2‐アリールベンゾイミダゾール |
JP7422737B2 (ja) | 2018-08-06 | 2024-01-26 | ザ ボード オブ トラスティーズ オブ ザ レランド スタンフォード ジュニア ユニバーシティー | 神経変性疾患を治療するためのPpargc1a活性化剤としての2‐アリールベンゾイミダゾール |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2611896A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
DE112006002052A5 (de) | 2008-05-08 |
EP1891028A1 (de) | 2008-02-27 |
US20090176773A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
WO2006122546A1 (de) | 2006-11-23 |
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