CN113906020A - 用于治疗皮肤病的缓激肽(bk)b2受体拮抗剂的(r)-3-(氯-5-氟-2-((4-(1h-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)吗啉衍生物及相关的化合物 - Google Patents
用于治疗皮肤病的缓激肽(bk)b2受体拮抗剂的(r)-3-(氯-5-氟-2-((4-(1h-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)吗啉衍生物及相关的化合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及作为缓激肽(BK)B2受体拮抗剂的通式(I)的化合物;含有一种或多种本发明化合物的医药组合物;含有至少一种本发明化合物和至少一种其他活性医药成分的组合制剂;以及所述化合物用于治疗以下的方法:皮肤病症;眼部疾病;耳部疾病;嘴部、喉部及呼吸疾病;胃肠疾病;肝部、胆囊及胰脏疾病;尿路及肾脏疾病;男性生殖器官及女性生殖器官的疾病;激素系统疾病;代谢疾病;心血管疾病;血液病;淋巴疾病;中枢神经系统的病症;脑部病症;肌肉骨骼系统疾病;过敏症;疼痛;传染病;发炎性病症;损伤;免疫学病症;癌症;遗传性疾病;及水肿
Description
技术领域
本发明是关于一种根据通式(I)的化合物,其充当缓激肽(bradykinin;BK)B2受体拮抗剂;一种医药组合物,其含有一或多种本发明的化合物;一种组合制剂,其含有至少一种本发明的化合物及至少一种另外的活性医药成分;及前述一或多种化合物的用途,包括作为药剂的用途。
背景技术
BK是一种肽激素,其通过活化内皮细胞而参与发炎性过程,导致血管舒张、血管通透性增加、一氧化氮产生及花生四烯酸动员。BK还刺激感觉神经末梢,引起烧灼触物感痛。因此,发炎的经典参数(例如,发红、发热、肿胀及疼痛)全部皆可由BK形成引起。BK为激肽释放素-激肽系统的短暂组分。循环BK的浓度在正常生理条件下维持在低水平且可在病理情况下通过称为激肽原的循环醣蛋白前驱物的酶降解而快速增加。两种最有效的激肽原代谢酶是胰蛋白酶样丝氨酸蛋白酶血浆激肽释放素及组织激肽释放素。这些酶的前驱物通常存在于所有组织中且准备好通过生理或病理生理过程而活化。(Sainz,I.M.et alThromb.Haemost.2007,98,77-83)。BK B2受体在组成上表现于大多数细胞及组织类型中且当它产生于血浆或组织中时介导BK的大多数已知的作用。(Regoli,D.et alPharmacol.Rev.1980,32,1-46)。大量体内研究显示,阻断BK B2受体的剂在诸如哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、胰脏炎、骨关节炎、外伤性脑损伤、阿尔茨海默病及血管性水肿的病理病状中提供治疗益处。
现有技术中描述了BK B2受体的数种肽及非肽拮抗剂。例如WO 2014/159637、WO2010/031589、WO 2008/116620、WO 2006/40004、WO 03/103671、WO 03/87090、WO 00/23439、WO 00/50418、WO 99/64039、WO 97/41104、WO 97/28153、WO 97/07115、WO 96/13485、EP 0 795 547、EP 0 796 848、EP 0 867 432及EP 1 213 289中公开了具有作为BKB2受体拮抗剂的活性的喹啉衍生物。然而,这些化合物显示出许多不足,妨碍了它们作为药物的实用性,包括代谢稳定性低、生物有效性低、谷胱甘肽加合物的形成及生物活化(毒性),如WO 2014/159637中所公开。
鉴于现有技术化合物的缺陷及与BK的病理生理水平有关的严重病状(急性及慢性),仍需要一种新颖的BK B2受体拮抗剂。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于现有技术及上文所述的需要完成,且因此本发明的目标是提供新颖的根据通式(I)的BK B2受体拮抗剂,较佳地,提供具有一或多种改良的性质的BK B2受体拮抗剂,例如改良的药物动力学和/或生理化学性质,包括生物有效性、溶解度、代谢稳定性及LADME(释放、吸收、分布、代谢及排出)性质。本发明的其他目标是提供一种医药组合物,其包含至少一种如本文所述的BK B2受体拮抗剂;一种组合制剂,其含有至少一种本发明的化合物及至少一种另外的活性医药成分;及本发明的化合物的用途,包括作为药剂的用途。
这些目标通过随附权利要求的主题而解决,如在参考以下描述及定义时将变得显而易见。
具体实施方式
本发明是关于:
[1]一种通式(I)的化合物:
或其盐,其中,
A表示以下基团:
A1是N或CH;
A2是N或C-RA2;
A3是N或C-RA3;
A4是NH、O或S;
A5是N-RA5;
RA1表示氢原子或甲基;
RA2及RA3各自彼此独立地表示氢原子、卤素原子、OH、CN、NH2;(C1-C3)烷基,其可经一或多个相同或不同的选自卤素原子、OH、=O及NH2的基团取代;(C1-C3)烷氧基,其可经一或多个相同或不同的选自卤素原子、OH、=O及NH2的基团取代;(C2-C5)烷氧基烷基,其可经一或多个相同或不同的选自卤素原子、OH、=O及NH2的基团取代;C(O)NRA6RA7;或NRA6RA7;
RA5、RA6及RA7各自彼此独立地表示氢原子或(C1-C3)烷基,其可经一或多个相同或不同的选自卤素原子、OH、=O及NH2的基团取代;
R’表示氢原子或氘原子;
B表示5或6元饱和或部分不饱和的杂环烷基,其可经一或多个相同或不同的选自=O、卤素原子、RB1、ORB2及NH2的基团取代;
RB1表示氢原子或RB2;
RB2表示(C1-C3)烷基、(C1-C3)卤烷基、(C1-C3)羟烷基或(C1-C3)杂烷基;
R表示氢原子或G;
G表示(C1-C6)烷基,其中1至5个H原子可独立地在各情况下经=O、卤素原子、ORG1置换或可选地经一或两个RB2取代的5元杂环置换;
RG1表示氢原子、(C1-C3)烷基、(C1-C3)卤烷基、(C1-C3)羟烷基或(C1-C3)杂烷基;以及
n表示数字0或1。
5元饱和或部分不饱和的杂环烷基B的实例包括1,3-噁唑啶、1,3-噁唑啉及噁二唑;且6元饱和或部分不饱和的杂环烷基B的实例包括吗啉、二氢-1,4-噁嗪及1,4-噁嗪。
化合物在本文中通常使用以下呈现的标准命名法或定义进行描述。对于具有不对称中心的化合物,应理解,除非另外指定,否则涵盖所有光学异构体及其混合物。具有二或更多个不对称元素的化合物还可呈非镜像异构体的混合物而存在。此外,除非另外指定,否则具有碳-碳双键的化合物可以Z及E形式存在,化合物的所有异构形式均包括在本发明中。当化合物以各种互变异构形式存在时,所列举的化合物不限于任一种特定互变异构体,而是旨在涵盖所有互变异构形式。显而易见的是,本发明的化合物可但不必呈水合物、溶剂化物或非溶剂化物复合物而存在。此外,各种晶形及多形体均在本发明的范畴内,如本发明的化合物的前药。所列举的化合物进一步旨在涵盖一或多个原子经同位素(即,原子数相同但质量数不同的原子)置换的化合物。借助于一般实例且不加以限制,氢的同位素包括氚及氘,且碳的同位素包括11C、13C及14C。
具有一或多个立体异构源中心的根据本文所提供的式的化合物具有至少50%的镜像异构体过量。例如,此类化合物可具有至少60%、70%、80%、85%、90%、95%或98%的镜像异构体过量。化合物的一些实施例具有至少99%的镜像异构体过量。显而易见的是,可通过不对称合成、自光学纯的前驱物合成或通过拆分外消旋物来获得单一镜像异构体(光学活性形式)。外消旋物的拆分可例如通过常规方法诸如在拆分剂的存在下的结晶或使用例如手性高效液相层析法(high performance liquid chromatography;HPLC)管柱的层析术来完成。
根据本发明的化合物在本文中使用包括诸如以下的变量的通式来描述:A、A1-A5、B、R、R’、R1-R2、R11-R13、RA1-RA7、RB1-RB2及RG1。除非另外指定,否则此一式内的各变量是与任一其他变量独立地定义,且在式中出现多于一次的任一变量在每次出现时均经独立定义。因此,例如,若基团显示经0至2个R*取代,则基团可未经取代或经1或2个基团R*取代,其中R*在每次出现时独立地选自R*的对应定义。同样,仅当取代基和/或变量的组合产生稳定的化合物,即可经分离、表征及测试生物活性的化合物时,此类组合为允许的。
如本文所用,用词定义长度范围的限制例如“1至5”意谓1至5的任一整数,即1、2、3、4及5。换言之,明确提及的两个整数所定义的任一范围意谓包含且公开定义前述限制的任一整数及包含在前述范围中的任一整数。例如,术语“C1-C3”是指1至3(即,1、2或3)个碳原子;且术语“C1-C6”是指1至6(即,1、2、3、4、5或6)个碳原子。另外,如本文所用的前缀“(Cx-y)”意谓前缀的直接关联中所指示的链、环或呈整体的链及环结构的组合可由最少x个且最大y个碳原子(即,x<y)组成,其中x及y表示定义链的长度(碳原子数)和/或环的大小(环碳原子数)的限制的整数。
本文所公开的化合物的“药理学上可接受的盐”为通常在本领域中被认为适用于与人类或动物组织接触而无过度毒性或致癌性,且较佳无刺激、过敏反应或其他问题或并发症。此类医药盐包括碱性残基诸如胺的无机盐及有机酸盐以及酸性残基诸如羧酸的碱金属或有机盐。
合适的医药盐包括(但不限于)以下酸的盐,诸如盐酸、磷酸、氢溴酸、苹果酸、乙醇酸、反丁烯二酸、硫酸、胺磺酸、磺胺酸、甲酸、甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸、乙二磺酸、2-羟乙基磺酸、硝酸、苯甲酸、2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、乳酸、硬脂酸、水杨酸、谷氨酸、抗坏血酸、帕莫酸、琥珀酸、反丁烯二酸、顺丁烯二酸、丙酸、羟基顺丁烯二酸、氢碘酸、苯乙酸、烷酸诸如乙酸、HOOC-(CH2)n-COOH(其中n为0至4的任一整数(即,0、1、2、3或4)及其类似者。类似地,医药学上可接受的阳离子包括(但不限于)钠、钾、钙、铝、锂及铵。本领域普通技术人员将认识到本文所提供的化合物的另外的药理学上可接受的盐。通常,可通过任一常规化学方法由含有碱性或酸性部分的亲体化合物合成药理学上可接受的酸或碱盐。简言之,可通过将这些化合物的游离酸或碱形式于水中、或于有机溶剂中、或于两者的混合物中与化学计量的量的适当碱或酸反应来制备此类盐。通常,较佳使用非水性介质,诸如醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、异丙醇或乙腈。
如本文所用,“取代基”是指共价键结至感兴趣的分子内的原子的分子部分。例如,环上的取代基可为诸如卤素原子、烷基、卤烷基、羟基、氰基或氨基的部分或者共价键结至作为环成员的原子,较佳碳或氮原子的任一其他取代基。
如本文所用,术语“经取代的”意谓指定原子或基团(例如,烷基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、杂芳基)上的任何一或多个氢原子经所指示的取代基的选择置换,限制条件是不超过所指定的原子的正常价或可能的取代位点的基团数,且取代产生稳定的化合物,即可经分离、表征及测试生物活性的化合物。当取代基是侧氧基(即,=O)时,则原子上的2个氢经置换。作为芳族碳原子的取代基的侧氧基导致-CH-向-C(=O)-的转化且可导致芳香性损失。例如,经侧氧基取代的吡啶基是吡啶酮。指示经单、二、三或四取代指示具有一个(单)、两个(三)或四个(四)取代基的基团,限制条件是取代不超过可能的取代位点的数目且产生稳定的化合物。例如,经单取代的咪唑基可为咪唑啶-2-酮基,且经二取代的异噁唑基可为(3,5-二甲基)异噁唑基。
如本文所用,“包含”、“包括”、“含有”、“特征在于”及其语法等效物是不排除额外未描述的元素或方法步骤的包括性或开放性术语。然而,“包含”等亦分别解释为包括更具限制性术语“基本上由…组成”及“由…组成”。
如本文所用,“由…组成”排除在权利要求中未指定的任何元素、步骤或成分。
当在本文中使用商标名时,旨在独立地包括商标名产品调配物、学名药及商标名产品的活性医药成分。
通常,除非另外定义,否则本文所用的技术及科学术语具有与属于本发明的领域普通技术人员通常所理解的相同含义且与一般教科书及词典一致。
表述烷基(alkyl或alkyl group)指示含有1至20个碳原子、较佳1至12个碳原子、更佳1至6个碳原子或前缀中所指示的碳原子数的饱和直链或支链烃基。若烷基经取代,则取代可彼此独立地通过分子的个别碳原子的单、二或三取代来进行,例如,1、2、3、4、5、6或7个氢原子可独立地在各情况下经所指示的取代基的选择置换。若烷基形成例如卤烷基、羟烷基、烷胺基、烷氧基或烷氧基烷基的基团的一部分时,前述亦适用。烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、正己基、2,2-二甲基丁基或正辛基,且经取代的烷基或烷基形成基团的一部分的基团的实例包括:卤烷基,例如三氟甲基或二氟甲基;羟烷基,例如羟甲基或2-羟乙基;及甲氧基甲基。术语“(C1-6)烷基”包括例如H3C-、H3C-CH2-、H3C-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH(CH3)-、H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH2-CH(CH3)-、H3C-CH(CH3)-CH2、H3C-C(CH3)2-、H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-、H3C-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-、H3C-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH2-C(CH3)2-、H3C-C(CH3)2-CH2-、H3C-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-、H3C-CH2-CH(CH2CH3)-、-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3、-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3、(H3CH2C)CH(CH2CH2CH3)-、-C(CH3)2(CH2CH2CH3)、-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3及-CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2。术语“(C1-3)烷基”包括H3C-、H3C-CH2-、H3C-CH2-CH2-及H3C-CH(CH3)-。
表述烷氧基(alkoxy或alkoxy group)是指单键结至氧的烷基,即-O-烷基。术语“(C1-C6)烷氧基”包括例如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、仲丁氧基、异丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、叔戊氧基-或正己氧基,且据此(C1-C3)烷氧基包括甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基或异丙氧基。
表述烷氧基烷基(alkoxyalkyl或alkoxyalkyl group)是指单键结至一或多个烷氧基的烷基,例如-烷基-O-烷基或-烷基-O-烷基-O-烷基。术语“(C2-C5)烷氧基烷基”包括例如甲氧基甲基、甲氧基乙基、甲氧基正丙基、甲氧基异丙基、甲氧基正丁基、甲氧基仲丁基、甲氧基异丁基、甲氧基叔丁基、甲氧基乙氧基甲基、甲氧基乙氧基乙基、乙氧基甲氧基甲基、乙氧基甲氧基乙基及1-乙氧基乙基。
表述卤烷基(haloalkyl或haloalkyl group)是指一、二、三或更多个氢原子彼此独立地经卤素原子置换的烷基。术语“(C1-C3)卤烷基”包括例如氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、氯甲基、二氯甲基、溴甲基、二溴甲基、碘甲基、(1-或2-)卤乙基(例如(1-或2-)氟乙基或(1-或2-)氯乙基)、(2-或3-)卤丙基(例如(2-或3-)氟丙基或(2-或3-)氯丙基)。
表述羟烷基(hydroxyalkyl或hydroxyalkyl group)是指一、二、三或更多个氢原子彼此独立地经羟基(OH)置换的烷基。术语“(C1-C3)羟烷基”包括例如羟甲基、羟乙基及羟丙基。
如本文所用,表述杂烷基(heteroalkyl或heteroalkyl group)是指一或多个较佳1、2、3或4个碳原子彼此独立地经氧、氮、硒、硅或硫原子;较佳经氧、硫或氮原子;C(O);OC(O);C(O)O;C(O)NH;NHC(O);NH;SO;SO2;或经CH=CH基团置换的如上文所定义的直链或支链烷基,其中前述杂烷基可经取代。例如,“(C1-C4)杂烷基”含有1至4个(例如,1、2、3或4个)碳原子及1、2、3或4个(较佳1、2或3个)选自氧、氮及硫(尤其,氧及氮)的杂原子。杂烷基的实例包括烷胺基、二烷胺基、烷胺基烷基、二烷胺基烷基、酰基、酰基烷基、烷氧基羰基、酰氧基、酰氧基烷基、羧基烷基酰胺、烷氧基羰氧基、烷基氨基甲酰基、烷基酰胺基、烷基氨基甲酰基烷基、烷基酰胺基烷基、烷基氨基甲酰基氧基烷基、烷基脲基烷基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基或烷硫基。表述烷硫基(alkylthio或alkylthio group)是指一或多个不相邻的CH2基团经硫置换的烷基,其中烷硫基的烷基部分可经取代。杂烷基的特定实例包括酰基、甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙基氧基、异丙基氧基、叔丁基氧基、甲氧基甲基、乙氧基甲基、甲氧基乙基、甲氨基、乙氨基、二甲氨基、二乙氨基、异丙基乙氨基、甲氨基甲基、乙氨基甲基、二异丙氨基乙基、二甲氨基甲基、二甲氨基乙基、乙酰基、丙酰基、丁酰氧基、乙酰氧基、甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、异丁酰基氨基-甲基、N-乙基-N-甲基氨基甲酰基、N-甲基氨基甲酰基、氰基、腈、异腈、硫氰酸根、异氰酸根、异硫氰酸根及烷基腈。
表述环烷基(cycloalkyl或cycloalkyl group)是指含有一个环且含有5或6个环碳原子的饱和碳环基团;环烷基可经取代且可呈取代基经由环系的每一合适位置经键结。环烷基的实例包括单环烃环,诸如环戊基及环己基。若环烷基经取代,则取代可彼此独立地通过分子的个别环碳原子的单或二取代而发生,且呈整体的环烷基可携带所指示的取代基的选择的1、2、3或4个取代基,即环碳原子的1、2、3或4个氢原子可独立地在各情况下通过选自所指示的取代基的清单的取代基置换,从而产生经单、二、三或四取代的环烷基。若环烷基是部分不饱和的,则基团含有一或两个双键,诸如环烯基,包括环戊烯基、环己烯基、环庚二烯基及环己二烯基。
表述杂环烷基(heterocycloalkyl或heterocycloalkyl group)是指二或更多个(较佳2或3个)环碳原子彼此独立地经氧、氮或硫原子(较佳氧或氮)或经NO、SO或SO2置换的如上文所定义的饱和或部分不饱和环烷基;杂环烷基可经取代且可呈取代基经由环是的每一合适的位置键结;至少一个碳原子必须存在于两个氧原子之间及两个硫原子之间或氧原子与硫原子之间;且呈整体的环必须具有化学稳定性。杂环烷基具有1个含有5或6个环原子的环。含有氧及氮原子的杂环烷基的实例包括噁唑啶基、噁唑啉基、噁二唑基、吗啉基、二氢-1,4-噁嗪基及1,4-噁嗪基,且经取代的杂环烷基的实例包括内酰胺、内酯及环状氨基甲酸酯、环状胺甲酰胺以及环状酰亚胺环系,例如噁唑啶酮基。
表述杂芳基(heteroaryl或heteroaryl group)是指含有一个含有5个环原子的芳族环且含有一或多个(较佳1、2、3或4个)氧、氮、磷或硫环原子(较佳O、S或N)的芳族基团。杂芳基可经取代且可呈取代基经由环系的每一合适的位置键结。未经取代的杂芳基的实例包括呋喃基、吡咯基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡唑基、噻唑基、噁唑基、三唑基、四唑基、异噁唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、噁三唑基及噻三唑基。
表述杂环(heterocyclic ring或heterocycle)表示以下环系:其包括上文所定义的杂环烷基及杂芳基环是,即部分不饱和杂环与部分不饱和杂环烷基同义,且芳族杂环与杂芳基同义。杂环可经取代且可呈取代基经由环系的每一合适的位置键结。杂环的实例包括上文杂芳基及杂环烷基环、吡咯啶基、吡咯啉基、吡唑啶基、咪唑啶基、吡唑啉基、咪唑啉基、四氢呋喃基、2,3-二氢呋喃基、2,5-二氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、2,5-二氢噻吩基、二氧戊环基、氧硫杂环戊基、2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯基、环丁砜基、噻唑啶基、琥珀酰亚胺基、噻唑啶二酮基、噁唑啉酮基及乙内酰脲基。
如本文所用的表述卤素或卤素原子意谓氟、氯、溴或碘。
如本文所用的表述杂原子较佳指示氧、氮或硫原子,更佳氮或氧原子。
本发明较佳是关于以下中的一或多者:
[2]根据上文[1]的化合物,其中A表示:
[3]根据[1]或[2]的化合物或盐,其中A表示:
[4]根据[1]至[3]中任一项的化合物或盐,其中A表示:
[5]根据[1]至[4]中任一项的化合物或盐,其中B表示基团:
其中
G是如[1]中所定义;
[6]根据[1]至[5]中任一项的化合物或盐,其中
R1表示-CR11R12R13或可选地经一或两个RB2取代的5元杂环;
R11及R12各自彼此独立地表示氢原子或甲基;
R13表示氢原子、OH或OR2;以及
R2表示(C1-C3)烷基、(C1-C3)卤烷基、(C1-C3)羟烷基或(C1-C3)杂烷基;
[7]根据[6]的化合物或盐,其中R1表示选自以下的5元杂环:呋喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、三唑基、四唑基、吡咯啶基、噁唑啶基、噻唑啶基、咪唑啶基、噁唑啉基、噻唑啉基、咪唑啉基、二氧杂环戊烯基、二氧戊环基、二氢噁二唑基、四氢呋喃基、吡唑啶基、吡唑啉基、二氢三唑基及四氢三唑基;前述杂环可选地经一或两个RB2取代。
[8]根据[1]至[6]中任一项的化合物或盐,其中R’是氢原子;
[9]根据[1]至[6]中任一项的化合物或盐,其中R’是氘原子;
[10]根据[1]至[9]中任一项的化合物或盐,其中G是选自以下的基团:
[11]根据[1]至[10]中任一项的化合物或盐,其中前述化合物选自以下群组:
包括根据通式(I)的化合物或其盐的较佳实施例(即,[2]至[10])的合适组合的化合物是特别较佳的;例如,包括如本文所公开的[1]、[4]、[6]及[10]的组合的化合物或其盐。换言之,本发明明确涵盖如上文所指示的[1]至[10]的产生稳定化合物的所有可能组合。
根据本文所提供的[1]至[11]中任一项的化合物对人类BK B2受体表现出高活性,例如,在下文所提及的测定中,针对BK诱导的BK B2受体活性的抑制常数IC50(半数最大抑制性浓度)是1微摩尔(μM)或更小,例如251纳摩尔(nM)至1μM;较佳IC50是250nM或更小,例如51nM至250nM;更佳IC50是50nM或更小;甚至更佳IC50是约10nM或更小、或1nM或更小。根据[1]至[11]中任一项的化合物可对人类BK B2受体且亦对除人类以外的其他物种(例如,大鼠、小鼠、沙鼠、天竺鼠、兔、狗、猫、猪或食蟹猕猴)的BK B2受体表现出高活性。
根据本发明的化合物的活性且更特定的生物活性可使用本领域技术人员已知的适当测定例如体外或体内测定来评定。例如,本发明的化合物对B2受体活性的抑制作用(表述为IC50值)可经由细胞内钙动员(calcium mobilization)测定来确定,诸如实例6中所提供的测定,因此其是标准体外B2受体介导的测定的实施例。根据[1]至[11]中任一项的特别较佳化合物或盐在标准体外BK B2受体测定中表现出50nM或更小的IC50;例如,实例6中所提供的测定。
通式(I)的化合物、其药理学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物或水合物的治疗用途;以及同样含有前述的调配物或医药组合物的治疗用途均在本发明的范畴内。本发明亦关于通式(I)的化合物作为药剂的制备或制造中的活性成分的用途。
根据本发明的医药组合物包含至少一种式(I)的化合物或其药理学上可接受的盐(较佳如[1]至[11]中任一项的化合物或其盐)及可选地至少一种(即,一或多种)载剂物质、赋形剂和/或佐剂。具体而言,本发明的医药组合物可包含一或多种根据本发明的化合物(例如,如[1]至[11]中任一项的化合物)及可选地至少一种载剂物质、赋形剂和/或佐剂。
医药组合物可另外包含例如以下中的一或多者:水、缓冲液(例如,中性缓冲盐水或磷酸盐缓冲盐水)、乙醇、矿物油、植物油、二甲基亚砜、碳水化合物(例如,葡萄糖、甘露糖、蔗糖或右旋糖)、甘露醇、蛋白、佐剂、多肽或氨基酸(诸如,甘氨酸)、抗氧化剂、螯合剂(诸如,EDTA或谷胱甘肽)和/或防腐剂。
此外,一或多种其他活性成分可(但不必)包括在本文所提供的医药组合物中。例如,一或多种本发明的化合物可有利地含于含有至少一种另外活性医药成分的组合制剂中。另外或补充性活性剂或活性医药成分较佳为在一或多种对BK B2受体调节有反应的病状的预防或治疗中具有实用性的活性剂或活性医药成分,前述病状包括选自包含以下的群组的病状:皮肤病症;眼部疾病;耳部疾病;嘴部、喉部及呼吸疾病;胃肠疾病;肝部、胆囊及胰脏疾病;尿路及肾脏疾病;男性生殖器官及女性生殖器官的疾病;激素系统疾病;代谢疾病;心血管疾病;血液病;淋巴疾病;中枢神经系统的病症;脑部病症;肌肉骨骼系统疾病;过敏症;疼痛;传染病;发炎性病症;损伤;免疫学病症;癌症;遗传性疾病;及水肿。例如,至少一种本发明的化合物或医药学上可接受的盐可有利地含于包括以下的组合制剂中:抗生素、抗真菌或抗病毒剂;抗组织胺;非类固醇消炎药;疾病调节抗风湿药物;细胞生长抑制药物;具有平滑肌活性调节活性的药物;抗体;或呈另外或补充性活性剂或活性医药成分的前述各者的混合物。
本发明的医药组合物或组合制剂可经调配以供任何适当的施用方式,包括例如局部(例如,经皮或眼部)、经口、经颊、经鼻、经阴道、经直肠或肠胃外施用。如本文所用的术语肠胃外包括皮下、皮内、血管内(例如,静脉内)、肌肉内、经脊椎、颅内、鞘内、眼内、眼周、眶内、滑膜内及腹膜内注射以及任何类似注射或输注技术。在某些实施例中,以合适于经口的形式的组合物是较佳的。此类形式包括例如锭剂、喉锭、口含锭、水性或油性悬液剂、可分散粉剂或颗粒剂、乳剂、硬质或软质胶囊或者糖浆或酏剂。在其他实施例中,本文所提供的组合物可调配为冻干物。针对某些病状(例如,在诸如烧伤或痒病的治疗中),较佳可为用于局部施用的调配物。简言之,医药组合物以及组合制剂可例如调配为气溶胶、霜剂、凝胶、丸剂、胶囊、糖浆、溶液、经皮贴片剂或医药递送装置。
为了预防和/或治疗由BK或其类似物介导的疾病,根据本发明的生物活性化合物的剂量可在很宽的范围内变化且可根据个别需要进行调整。根据本发明的活性化合物通常以治疗有效量施用。较佳剂量范围是每天每千克体重约0.1mg至约140mg(每天每患者约0.5mg至约7g)。日剂量可呈单一剂量或以复数个剂量的形式施用。可与载剂材料组合以产生单一剂型的活性成分的量将视所治疗宿主及特定施用模式而变化。剂量单位形式通常将含有约1mg至约500mg之间的活性成分。
然而,应理解,任一具体患者的特定剂量水平将取决于多种因素,包括所采用的特定化合物的活性、年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别、膳食、施用时间、施用途径及排泄速率、药物组合(即,用于治疗患者的其他药物)及经历治疗的具体疾病的严重程度。
本文所提供的通式(I)的化合物还可在多种应用(体外及体内)中用作BK B2受体的拮抗剂。根据本发明的BK B2受体拮抗剂可用于抑制BK B2受体配体(例如,BK)在体外或体内与BK B2受体结合。此用途包括例如抑制BK在体外或体内与BK B2受体结合的方法,其中前述方法包含在各条件下且以足以可检测地抑制BK或任一其他物质与BK B2受体结合的量使BK B2受体与至少一种根据本发明(例如,根据[1]至[11]中任一项)的化合物或盐接触。本文所提供的BK B2受体拮抗剂较佳经口或局部向患者(例如,人类)施用,且存在于患者的至少一种体液或组织内同时调节BK B2受体活性。
根据[1]至[11]中任一项的BK B2受体拮抗剂,根据本发明的医药组合物或组合制剂可用作药剂。具体而言,根据本发明的BK B2受体拮抗剂、医药组合物或组合制剂可用于治疗和/或预防和/或防治对BK B2受体调节有反应的病状或疾病。对BK B2受体调节有反应的病状或疾病可为:皮肤病症;眼部疾病、耳部疾病;嘴部、喉部及呼吸疾病;胃肠疾病;肝部、胆囊及胰脏疾病;尿路及肾脏疾病;男性生殖器官及女性生殖器官的疾病;激素系统疾病;代谢疾病;心血管疾病;血液病;淋巴疾病;中枢神经系统的病症;脑部病症;肌肉骨骼系统疾病;过敏症;疼痛;传染病;发炎性病症;损伤;免疫学病症;癌症;遗传性疾病;水肿;或毛细血管渗漏综合征。在下文中进一步指定了上文指示的对BK B2受体调节有反应的疾病及病状。
皮肤病症:在本发明中,术语“皮肤病症”涵盖但不限于以下病症,诸如:皮肤老化;皮肤发疹,包括压疮,褥疮,受刺激、敏感性及触物感痛性皮肤,红斑,皮疹,皮肤水肿,干癣,湿疹,苔藓;细菌、病毒、真菌及寄生虫诱导的皮肤感染,包括疖、脓肿、蜂窝组织炎、丹毒、毛囊炎及脓疱病、虱、疥疮及单纯疱疹;痤疮;疹病;皮肤炎,包括异位性皮肤炎、过敏性接触性皮肤炎(Scholzen,T.E.,Luger,T.A.,Exp Dermatol.2004;13Suppl 4:22-6)、神经性皮肤炎;辐射损害;晒伤;瘙痒病;发痒;荨麻疹(EP0622361;Frigas,E.,Park,M.,Immunol.Allergy Clin.North Am.2006,26,739-51;Luquin,E.,Kaplan,A.P.,Ferrer,M.,Clin.Exp.Allergy 2005,35,456-60;Kaplan,A.P.,Greaves,M.W.,J.Am.Acad.Dermatol.2005,53,373-88;quiz 389-92);干癣;真菌病;组织溃疡;水疱性表皮松解症;创伤,包括创伤愈合异常、烧伤(Nwariaku,F.E.,Sikes,P.J.,Lightfoot,E.,Mileski,W.J.,Baxter,C.,Burns 1996,22,324-7;Neely,A.N.,Imwalle,A.R.,Holder,I.A.,Burns 1996,22,520-3)、冻疮;皮肤发炎;及由毒液引起的水肿;秃发;毛发鳞屑;鸡眼;疣;及瘭疽。
眼部疾病:在本发明内,术语“眼部疾病”涵盖但不限于:发炎性病症,诸如巩膜炎、结膜炎、结膜水肿、虹膜炎、虹膜睫状体炎、眼色素层炎、脉络膜视网膜炎;以及诸如视网膜脉络膜循环病症(retinochoroidal circulatory disorder)的病症;细菌眼部感染;非特异性结膜炎及眼部刺激;早产儿视网膜病变;增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变;黄斑变性(包括年龄相关的黄斑变性且包括湿性及干性形式);角膜疾病,包括角膜移植物排斥、角膜损伤、角膜瘢痕、角膜溃疡、角膜上皮下浅层浑浊(corneal haze)、圆锥角膜;青光眼(较佳开角型青光眼);近视;高眼压症;眼血管损害;血管生成;眼部纤维化(例如,前囊下纤维化、后囊下混浊、后囊混浊、雷射手术后角膜上皮下浅层浑浊、青光眼手术后结膜下瘢痕);增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR);细菌眼部感染,包括麦粒肿及睫毛脱落。
耳部疾病:在本发明内,术语“耳部疾病”涵盖但不限于以下病症,诸如梅尼埃病、中耳发炎、外耳道发炎及急性听力丧失。
嘴部、喉部及呼吸疾病:在本发明内,术语“嘴部、喉部及呼吸疾病”涵盖但不限于以下病症,诸如:口腔黏膜及牙龈的发炎,包括口疮及口炎;牙周炎;会厌炎;咽炎;喉气管炎;扁桃体炎;普通感冒;咽峡炎;鼻炎,包括季节性过敏性鼻炎或常年性过敏性鼻炎;鼻漏;任何类型、病因或发病机制的窦炎或是选自由化脓性或非化脓性窦炎、急性及慢性窦炎以及筛、额、上颌或蝶窦炎组成的群组的成员的窦炎;咳痰;任何类型或成因的尘肺症,包括例如矾土肺、煤肺、石棉肺、石末肺、铁肺、硅肺、烟尘肺及特别是棉尘肺;支气管炎;咳嗽;气管炎;充血;肺炎;嗜酸粒细胞性肺浸润(eosinophilc lung infiltrate);慢性嗜酸粒细胞性肺炎;特发性肺纤维化及其他纤维化肺部疾病;与例如放射、甲氨蝶呤、化学疗法、胺碘酮或硝基呋喃妥因相关的治疗相关纤维化肺部疾病;类肉瘤;急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acuterespiratory distresssyndrome;ARDS);支气管收缩;任何类型(Akbary,A.M.,Wirth,K.J.,Scholkens,B.A.,Immunopharmacology 1996,33,238-42;WO 00/75107A2)、病因或发病机制的哮喘或者是选自异位性哮喘、非异位性哮喘、过敏性及非过敏性哮喘、由环境因素引起的外源性哮喘、由病理生理紊乱引起的内源性哮喘、支气管哮喘、IgE介导的哮喘、自发性哮喘及未知或不明显原因的自发性哮喘、真性哮喘、气肿性哮喘、运动诱导的哮喘、职业性哮喘、由细菌、真菌、原虫或病毒感染引起的感染性哮喘、初期哮喘、婴儿哮喘综合征(wheezy infant syndrome)的群组的成员的哮喘;支气管高反应性;慢性阻塞性肺病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;COPD),特征在于不可逆进行性气道阻塞的COPD;急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS);及其他药物疗法之后气道高反应性的恶化;呼吸困难;高氧肺泡损伤;肺气肿;肋膜炎;结核病;高海拔暴露,即急性高山病及较佳高空肺水肿(high altitude pulmonary edema;HAPE);抗性咳嗽;支气管低反应性。
胃肠疾病:在本发明内,术语“胃肠疾病”涵盖但不限于以下病症,包括:食道炎;胃炎;胃激躁(irritable stomach);胃及十二指肠溃疡;肠阻塞;结肠激躁;发炎性肠病,包括克罗恩氏病及溃疡性结肠炎;肠炎;高血压性胃病及结肠病;结肠炎;腹膜炎;阑尾炎;直肠炎;由门脉高压引起的胃肠道出血;侧枝循环或充血;胃切除后倾食综合征;消化不适;腹泻;痔疮;虫病;腹绞痛;及胃肠系统的部分绞痛。
肝部、胆囊及胰脏疾病:(Cugno,M.,Salerno,F.,Nussberger,J.,Bottasso,B.,Lorenzano,E.,Agostoni,A.,Clin.Sci.(Lond)2001,101,651-7;WO 01/56995A1;EP0797997B1;Wirth,K.J.,Bickel,M.,Hropot,M.,Gunzler,V.,Heitsch,H.,Ruppert,D.,Scholkens,B.A.,Eur.J.Pharmacol.1997,337,45-53):在本发明内,术语“肝部及胆囊疾病”涵盖但不限于以下病症,诸如:肝炎、肝硬化、肝纤维化(例如,归因于病毒(HBV/HCV)感染、毒素(酒精)、脂肪肝、胆汁郁积、缺氧)、门脉高压、肝肾综合征、肝原性水肿、胆管炎、胆囊炎、急性及慢性胰脏炎及胆道绞痛。
尿路及肾脏疾病:在本发明内,术语“尿路及肾脏疾病”涵盖但不限于:尿路感染,诸如急性及慢性膀胱炎、间质性膀胱炎(Campbell,D.J.,Clin.Exp.Pharmacol.Physiol.2001,28,1060-5;Meini,S.,Patacchini,R.,Giuliani,S.,Lazzeri,M.,Turini,D.,Maggi,C.A.,Lecci,A.,Eur.J.Pharmacol.2000,388,177-82;Zuraw,B.L.,Sugimoto,S.,Parsons,C.L.,Hugli,T.,Lotz,M.,Koziol,J.,J.Urol.1994,152,874-8;Rosamilia,A.,Clements,J.A.,Dwyer,P.L.,Kende,M.,Campbell,D.J.,J.Urol.1999,162,129-34);膀胱激躁;膀胱过动症(WO 2007003411 A2);失禁,包括但不限于应力性失禁、急迫性失禁及反射性失禁;良性前列腺肥大(Srinivasan,D.,Kosaka,A.H.,Daniels,D.V.,Ford,A.P.,Bhattacharya,A.,Eur J Pharmacol.2004,504(3):155-67);慢性肾病;尿道炎;发炎性肾病,包括肾丝球肾炎、肾丝球肾病、间质性肾炎、肾盂肾炎;多尿症;蛋白尿;利尿钠;利尿钙(calciuresis);水平衡失调;电解质平衡失调;酸碱平衡失调;及肾绞痛;肾纤维化;慢性肾同种异体移植物功能障碍;显影剂诱导的肾病变。
男性生殖器官及女性生殖器官的疾病:在本发明内,术语“男性生殖器官及女性生殖器官的疾病”涵盖但不限于精子活力改变、男性不育症、睪丸炎、前列腺炎、前列腺肥大、乳腺炎、发炎性骨盆疾病、阴道感染及疼痛、子宫附件炎、阴道炎、软下疳、梅毒、淋病及卵巢过度刺激综合征(Ujioka,T.,Matsuura,K.,Tanaka,N.,Okamura,H.,Hum Reprod.1998Nov;13(11):3009-15.)。
激素系统疾病:在本发明内,术语“激素系统疾病”涵盖但不限于月经失调及疼痛、更年期紊乱、呕吐、早产子宫收缩、早产阵痛、子宫内膜异位、子宫内膜炎、肌瘤、子痫前症。
代谢疾病:在本发明内,术语“代谢疾病”涵盖但不限于以下病症,诸如:糖尿病,包括非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病;糖尿病视网膜病变;糖尿病黄斑部水肿(Speicher,M.A.,Danis,R.P.,Criswell,M.,Pratt,L.,Expert Opin.Emerg.Drugs 2003,8,239-50;Gao,B.B.,Clermont,A.,Rook,S.,Fonda,S.J.,Srinivasan,V.J.,Wojtkowski,M.,Fujimoto,J.G.,Avery,R.L.,Arrigg,P.G.,Bursell,S.E.,Aiello,L.P.,Feener,E.P.,Nat.Med.2007,13,181-8;Tranos,P.G.,Wickremasinghe,S.S.,Stangos,N.T.,Topouzis,F.,Tsinopoulos,I.,Pavesio,C.E.,Surv.Ophthalmol 2004,49,470-90);糖尿病肾病变及糖尿病神经病变;胰岛素抗性及糖尿病溃疡;蛋白代谢及嘌呤代谢疾病,诸如痛风及脂肪代谢病症;低血糖。
心血管疾病:在本发明内,术语“心血管疾病”涵盖但不限于以下病症,包括:血管通透性、血管舒张、末梢性循环病症;动脉循环病症,包括主动脉瘤、腹主动脉瘤、脑主动脉瘤;与白血病有关的高血压及低血压;经皮穿腔冠状动脉血管成形术之后的再狭窄;动脉粥样硬化,包括动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂(Fernando,A.N.,Fernando,L.P.,Fukuda,Y.,Kaplan,A.P.,Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol.2005Jul;289(1):H251-7);血管瘤;血管纤维瘤;静脉病症,诸如血栓、静脉曲张、静脉炎、血栓静脉炎、静脉栓塞;心脏病;郁血性心脏衰竭;冠状动脉心脏病;类癌综合征;心绞痛;心脏节律异常;发炎性心脏病,包括心内膜炎、心包炎及束缩性心包炎;心肌炎;心肌梗塞;心肌梗塞后综合征;左心室扩大;缺血再灌注后损伤;休克及虚脱,包括败血性、过敏性、创伤后及低血容积休克;羊水栓塞(Robillard,J.,Gauvin,F.,Molinaro,G.,Leduc,L.,Adam,A.,Rivard,G.E,Am J ObstetGynecol.2005Oct;193(4):1508-12.);全身性发炎反应综合征(systemic inflammatoryresponse syndrome;SIRS),包括在手术期间由心肺分流引起的SIRS;败血症;及在心肺分流手术期间的内部及外部并发症,包括但不限于肝素的硫酸鱼精蛋白反转之后不良的血流动力学作用(Pretorius,M.,Scholl,F.G.,McFarlane,J.A.,Murphey,L.J.,Brown,N.J.,.Clin Pharmacol Ther.2005Nov;78(5):477-85)。
血液病:在本发明内,术语“血液病”涵盖但不限于以下病症,诸如凝血、弥漫性血管内凝固症、出血、出血性素质、高胆固醇血症及高脂血症、低血容量性休克、阵发性夜间血红蛋白尿症。
淋巴疾病:在本发明内,如本文所用的术语“淋巴疾病”涵盖但不限于脾肿大、淋巴管炎、淋巴腺炎及腺样体增生。
中枢神经系统的病症:在本发明内,术语“中枢神经系统的病症”涵盖但不限于以下病症,诸如:中枢神经系统的发炎性疾病,包括脑炎、脑膜炎、脑脊髓炎、脑膜脑炎;水脑;肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症;脊髓创伤;脊髓水肿;神经系统的髓鞘脱失病;多发性硬化症;急性及慢性神经退化性病症,包括老化、阿尔茨海默病及帕金森氏病;神经炎及周围神经病变;抑郁;厌食症;焦虑及精神分裂症;睡眠障碍。
脑部病症:在本发明内,术语“脑部病症”涵盖但不限于以下病症,包括:聪明药(nootropic)或认知增强、淀粉样脑血管病、中风、头部及脑部创伤、外伤性脑损伤(Marmarou,A.,Guy,M.,Murphey,L.,Roy,F.,Layani,L.,Combal,J.P.,Marquer,C.,American Brain Injury Consortium J Neurotrauma 2005Dec;22(12):1444-55)、脑肿瘤、大脑热损害、大脑缺血、大脑出血、创伤后及缺血后大脑水肿、一般脑水肿、急性高山病及较佳高山脑水肿(HACE)、细胞毒性脑水肿、血管性脑水肿、手术后脑水肿、与代谢疾病有关的脑水肿、血脑屏障或血脑肿瘤屏障的渗透性增加。
肌肉骨骼系统疾病:在本发明内,术语“肌肉骨骼系统疾病”涵盖但不限于以下病症,诸如:发炎性肌肉骨骼病症;关节病;非炎性骨关节病(osteoarthritis);骨关节炎;关节创伤之后或半月板或膝盖骨损伤或韧带撕裂之后相对长时间固定关节之后的软骨稀松;任何类型、病因或发病机制的风湿性关节炎,包括急性关节炎、急性痛风性关节炎、慢性发炎性关节炎、退化性关节炎、传染性关节炎、莱姆关节炎、增生性关节炎、脊椎关节炎、败血性关节炎、牛皮癣性关节炎、慢性多发性关节炎;风湿病;斯耶格伦综合征(Sjogren’ssyndrome);腰痛;脊椎炎;椎关节炎;关节黏连性脊椎炎;骨髓炎;扭伤;腱鞘炎;发炎诱导的骨吸收;骨折或其类似者;骨质疏松症;肌肉骨骼疼痛及硬化;椎间盘综合征。
过敏症:在本发明内,术语“过敏症”涵盖但不限于以下病症,诸如:一般过敏性反应;食物过敏;过敏性休克;过敏性接触性过敏症;过敏性皮肤反应;过敏性哮喘;春季型结膜炎;及季节性或常年性过敏性鼻炎(Summers,C.W.,Pumphrey,R.S.,Woods,C.N.,McDowell,G.,Pemberton,P.W.,Arkwright,P.D.J Allergy Clin Immunol.2008,121(3),632-638)。
疼痛:在本发明内,术语“疼痛”涵盖但不限于:中枢及周边介导的疼痛;血管性疼痛;内脏性疼痛;发炎性介导的疼痛;神经痛性疼痛;转移疼痛;伤害感受性疼痛;反射性疼痛;身心疼痛,诸如由急性损伤引起的急性疼痛;骨、肌肉、组织、软组织、器官的创伤或手术;虫咬之后的疼痛;中风后疼痛综合征;手术后疼痛;与疼痛有关的进行性疾病,诸如由神经病性疼痛病状引起的慢性疼痛(包括但不限于复杂性局部疼痛综合征(WO00/75107A2;Yamaguchi-Sase,S.,Hayashi,I.,Okamoto,H.,Nara,Y.,Matsuzaki,S.,Hoka,S.,Majima,M.,Inflamm.Res.2003,52,164-9;Petersen,M.,Eckert,A.S.,Segond von Banchet,G.,Heppelmann,B.,Klusch,A.,Kniffki,K.D.,Neuroscience 1998,83,949-59;Birklein,F.,Schmelz,M.,Schifter,S.,Weber,M.,Neurology 2001,57,2179-84;Weber,M.,Birklein,F.,Neundorfer,B.,Schmelz,M.Pain2001,91,251-7)、灼热痛、morbus sudeck、交感反射性营养不良);糖尿病周边神经病变;疱疹后神经痛;三叉神经痛;癌症相关疼痛;与类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎(Bond,A.P.,Lemon,M.,Dieppe,P.A.,Bhoola,K.D.,Immunopharmacology1997,36,209-16;Cassim,B.,Naidoo,S.,Ramsaroop,R.,Bhoola,K.D.,Immunopharmacology 1997,36,121-5;Calixto,J.B.,Cabrini,D.A.,Ferreira,J.,Campos,M.M.Pain 2000,87,1-5;Kaneyama,K.,Segami,N.,Sato,J.,Fujimura,K.,Nagao,T.,Yoshimura,H.,J.Oral.Maxillofac.Surg.2007,65,242-7)、腱鞘炎、痛风、月经及咽峡炎有关的疼痛;纤维肌痛;眼部疼痛;背部疼痛;头痛;丛集性头痛;偏头痛(Ebersberger,A.,Ringkamp,M.,Reeh,P.W.,Handwerker,H.O.,J Neurophysiol.1997Jun;77(6):3122-33);可能与急性发炎或慢性发炎有关的发炎性疼痛。发炎性疼痛包括但不限于:神经病性疼痛、缺血性疼痛;由关节炎诱导的疼痛;由急性或慢性发炎诱导的肌肉疼痛;由急性或慢性发炎诱导的神经痛;痛觉过敏。同样,化学疗法诱导的周边神经病变、痛觉过敏、鸦片类诱导的痛觉过敏及发热。另外,本发明的化合物可用作在全身麻醉及监测麻醉期间使用的镇痛剂。
传染病:在本发明内,术语“传染病”涵盖但不限于以下疾病,包括由细菌、病毒、真菌、寄生虫、原生动物、朊病毒蛋白或分枝杆菌感染介导的疾病。较佳地,本发明可用于治疗由链球菌属(Streptococcus)、埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)、沙门氏菌属(Salmonella)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、莫拉菌属(Moracella)、嗜血杆菌属(Haemophilus)及耶氏杆菌属(Yersinia)引起的细菌感染。意欲在本发明的范畴内的细菌感染的实例包括但不限于以下疾病,诸如鼠疫、败血症、流行性斑疹伤寒、食物中毒、破伤风、猩红、百日咳、白喉。意欲在本发明的范畴内的病毒感染的实例包括但不限于以下疾病,诸如水痘及带状疱疹、AIDS、流行性感冒、天花及儿童疾病诸如麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎、急性脊髓灰白质炎。本发明可用于治疗由曼森血吸虫(Schistosoma mansoni)、屋尘螨(Dermatofagoides farinae)及诱导疟疾的疟原虫(Plasmodium)引起的原生动物及寄生虫感染。意欲在本发明的范畴内的朊病毒感染的实例包括但不限于以下疾病,诸如牛海绵状脑病(bovine spongiform encephalopathy;BSE)、克雅二氏病(Creutzfeldt Jacobdisease)及库鲁病、登革热、出血热。
发炎性病症:在本发明内,术语“发炎性病症”涵盖但不限于以下病症,诸如急性期反应;局部及全身发炎;及由其他任何类型、病因或发病机制的疾病引起及由在本发明中指定的发炎性疾病引起的发炎。
损伤:在本发明内,术语“损伤”涵盖但不限于多发性创伤;头部创伤;肺损伤;外部、内部及手术创伤。
免疫学病症:在本发明内,术语“免疫学病症”涵盖但不限于以下病症,诸如:感觉过敏、自身免疫性病症、移植中的移植物排斥、移植体毒性、肉芽肿性发炎/组织重塑、重症肌无力、免疫抑制、免疫复合体病、抗体的过度产生及产生不足、脉管炎、移植物功能延迟、狼疮。
癌症:在本发明内,术语“癌症”涵盖但不限于以下病症,诸如:实体肿瘤癌症,包括乳腺癌、肺癌(非小细胞肺癌及小细胞肺癌)、前列腺癌、口腔及咽(唇部、舌头、嘴巴、咽)癌、食道癌、胃癌、小肠癌、大肠癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、胆囊及胆道癌、胰脏癌、喉癌、肺癌、骨癌、骨肉瘤、结缔组织癌、皮肤癌(包括卡波西氏综合征(Kaposi’s syndrome)、黑色素瘤及皮肤转移)、表皮样癌、基底细胞癌、子宫颈癌、子宫体内膜癌、卵巢癌、睪丸癌、膀胱癌、输尿管及尿道癌、肾癌、眼癌、脑及中枢神经系统癌、假脑瘤、肉瘤、肉状瘤、甲状腺及其他内分泌腺癌(包括但不限于类癌瘤)、霍奇金氏病、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、造血恶性肿瘤(包括白血病及淋巴瘤包括淋巴球性淋巴瘤、颗粒球性淋巴瘤及单核球性淋巴瘤)、肿瘤侵入、转移、腹水、肿瘤生长及血管生成。
遗传性疾病:在本发明内,术语“遗传性疾病”涵盖但不限于以下病症,诸如:遗传性血管性水肿(Davis,A.E.et al.,3rd Transfus.Apher.Sci.2003,29,195-203;Zuraw,B.L.,Immunol.Allergy Clin.North Am.2006,26,691-708;Bas,M.et al,.Allergy 2006,61,1490-2)及血管神经性水肿、软骨钙化症、亨廷顿舞蹈症、粘液粘稠病。
水肿:在本发明内,术语“水肿”涵盖但不限于:一般水肿及由发炎引起的水肿;因子XII缺乏诱导的水肿;其他药物例如药物诱导的血管性水肿,包括但不限于血管收缩素转化酶抑制剂诱导的血管性水肿(Mathelier-Fusade,P.,Clin.Rev.AllergyImmunol.2006,30,19-23;Finley,C.J.et al,Am.J.Emerg.Med.1992,10,550-2;Bielory,L.et al,Allergy Proc.1992,13,85-7);感染;烧伤;损伤;创伤;冻疮;手术;扭曲;骨折;暴露于高空(例如,高空肺水肿(HAPE)及高空脑水肿(high altitude cerebral edema;HACE));遗传性、自身免疫性及其他疾病及病症,具体而言但不限于本发明中所指定的那些病症;压力诱导的肠水肿(称为肿胀)。
毛细血管渗漏综合征:在本发明内,术语“毛细血管渗漏综合征”涵盖但不限于败血症(Marx,G.,Eur J Anaesthesiol.2003 20(6):429-42;Traber,D.L.,Crit CareMed.2000,28(3):882-3)、烧伤(Jonkam,C.C.,Enkhbaatar,P.,Nakano,Y.,Boehm,T.,Wang,J.,Nussberger,J.Esechie,A.,Traber,L.D.,Herndon,D.,Traber,D.L.,Shock.2007Dec;28(6):704-9)、过敏、药物/毒素诱导的病状、器官移植及IL-2细胞介素疗法中的全身性毛细血管渗漏综合征。
根据本发明的化合物亦可用作诊断剂或用于制造诊断剂。此一诊断剂尤其可用于诊断本文所公开的可出于治疗和/或预防目的由本发明的化合物处理的疾病及病状。根据本发明的化合物亦可用于在如本文在下文中所公开的特定方法及诊断。
方法及诊断:本发明的化合物可通过同位素、荧光或发光标志物、抗体或抗体片段、任何其他亲和标记(如纳米抗体、适配体、肽等)、酶或酶底物进行标记。本发明的这些经标记的化合物可用于在体内、离体、体外及原位(例如,经由自动放射摄影术在组织切片中)且作为正电子发射断层摄影术(positron emission tomography;PET)成像、单光子发射计算机断层摄影术(single photon emission computerized tomography;SPECT)及其类似者表征活体受试者中的那些受体或其他材料的放射示踪剂来映射缓激肽受体的定位。
本发明还关于用于在体外及体内改变缓激肽受体的信号转导活性的方法。例如,本发明的化合物及其经标记的衍生物可用作确定潜在药品结合至BK B2受体的能力中的标准及试剂。
本发明还提供用于定位或检测组织较佳组织切片中的BK B2受体的方法,前述方法涉及将含有BK B2受体的组织样品与经可检测标记的根据本发明的化合物在允许化合物与BK B2受体结合的条件下接触以及检测经结合的化合物。此类方法及它们各自条件为本领域技术人员已知的且包括例如实例6中所公开的结合测定。
本发明进一步提供一种用于治疗患有对如上文所提及的BK B2受体调节有反应的病状或疾病的患者的方法。用于治疗需要此类治疗的受试者的方法包含施用根据本发明(例如,根据[1]至[11]中任一项)的化合物、其医药学上可接受的盐、如本文所公开的医药组合物或如本文所公开的组合制剂。如本文所用,术语”治疗”涵盖疾病修饰治疗及症状性治疗,其各自可为预防性(即,在症状发作之前,为了预防、延迟症状或降低症状的严重程度)或治疗性(即,在症状发作之后,为了降低症状的严重程度和/或减少症状的持续时间)。若BK B2受体活性的调节导致病状或其症状的减轻,则前述病状”对BK B2受体调节有反应”。患者可包括但不限于灵长类动物(尤其是人类)、经驯养的同伴动物(诸如狗、猫、马)及牲畜(诸如牛、猪、绵羊),剂量如本文所述。
当与现有技术中已知的BK B2受体拮抗剂相比时,根据本发明的通式(I)化合物具有改良的性质,尤其是,一或多种改良的药物动力学和/或生理化学性质,包括例如生物有效性、代谢稳定性、改良的活性/敏感度、低毒性及低药物间相互作用。因此,本文所公开的化合物(或其医药学上可接受的盐)、医药组合物或组合制剂可用作药剂。例如,本文所公开的化合物(或其医药学上可接受的盐)、医药组合物或组合制剂可用于治疗和/或预防对BKB2受体调节有反应的病状,包括例如上文所列出的病状。
现通过以下实例进一步说明本发明,自以下实例可得到本发明的进一步特征、实施例及优点。然而,本发明不应解释为限于实例,而是涵盖权利要求中所定义的主题。
实例
以下实例中所用的缩写是如下:
ACN是乙腈;
AIBN是偶氮二异丁腈;
BuLi是正丁基锂;
conc.是浓缩;
DCM是二氯甲烷;
DIBAL-D是二异丁基氘化铝;
DIBAL-H是二异丁基氢化铝;
DIPEA是乙基-二异丙基-胺;
DMF是N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;
EA是乙酸乙酯;
HPLC是高效液相层析法;
MeOH是甲醇;
NBS是N-溴琥珀酰亚胺;
NMP是N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮;
PyBOP是六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯啶基磷;
RT是室温;
sat是饱和;
THF是四氢呋喃;
TLC是薄层层析法。
以下实例中提供式(I)化合物的制备的特定实施例。除非另外指定,否则所有起始材料及试剂均属于标准商业级别,且在无进一步纯化的情况下即使用,或可通过常规方法容易地由此类材料制备。有机合成领域的技术人员将认识到,可改变起始材料及反应条件,包括产生本发明所涵盖的化合物的额外步骤。
实例1:化合物编号1的制备
(R)-1-(3-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)N-吗啉基)-2-(二氟甲氧基)乙酮
步骤A.4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-8-甲氧基-2-甲基喹啉的合成
将K2CO3(4.99g,36.1mmol)添加至经搅拌的4-氯-8-甲氧基-2-甲基喹啉(5.00g,24.0mmol)及4-氟-1H-吡唑(3.85g,28.8mmol)于无水NMP(12mL)中的混合物。在140℃下搅拌48h之后,将反应混合物冷却至RT并过滤。将残余物以DMF(13mL)漂洗。随后,将水(90mL)添加至合并的滤液。将沉淀物滤出且通过在硅胶上的快速层析法(以DCM/MeOH洗脱)进行纯化以得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):258.0[M+H+]。
步骤B.4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-醇的合成
将4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-8-甲氧基-2-甲基喹啉(5.51g,21.4mmol)于无水甲苯(37.8mL)中的溶液升温至80℃且逐滴添加至经剧烈搅拌的AlCl3(8.58g,64.3mmol)于无水甲苯(32.4mL)中的混合物。在80℃下搅拌8h之后,将反应混合物冷却至0℃且通过添加水(106mL)及浓NH3水溶液(27mL)来淬灭。在RT下搅拌隔夜之后,将混合物离心。以EA(3×200mL)萃取上清液且将合并的有机层经由Na2SO4干燥,过滤且在真空中浓缩。将残余物通过在硅胶上的快速层析法(以DCM/MeOH洗脱)进行纯化以得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):244.3[M+H+]。
步骤C.(R,E)-N-(2-(叔丁基二甲基硅基氧基)亚乙基)-2-甲基丙-2-亚磺酰胺的合成
将乙氧化钛(IV)(1.65mL,7.85mmol)、2-(叔丁基二甲基硅基氧基)乙醛(1.36mL,7.14mmol)及(R)-2-甲基丙-2-亚磺酰胺(0.95g,7.85mmol)于DCM(70mL)中的溶液在氮气气氛、RT下搅拌3h。起始材料消耗完全之后,在0℃下通过添加水(50mL)来将反应淬灭。将混合物经由硅藻土垫过滤,随后以DCM(2×50mL)漂洗硅藻土垫。以DCM(50mL)萃取水相且将合并的有机相干燥(Na2SO4)且蒸发至干燥以得到标题化合物。
步骤D.3-溴-5-氟-2-甲基苯胺的合成
在0℃下向1-溴-5-氟-2-甲基-3-硝基苯(18.5g,79.mmol)于二恶烷/水(4:1,400mL)的混合物中的溶液中添加锌粉(51.7g,790.5mmol)及NH4Cl(42.3g,790.5mmol)。将反应混合物在RT下搅拌隔夜。起始材料(TLC)消耗完全之后,将混合物经由硅藻土过滤。以EA漂洗之后,将滤液以水洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4)且蒸发至干燥以得到标题化合物。
步骤E.1-溴-3-氯-5-氟-2-甲基苯的合成
将3-溴-5-氟-2-甲基苯胺(14.7g,71.9mmol)于浓盐酸(50mL)中的溶液以半浓HCl(1.3L)稀释。将溶液冷却至0℃并添加NaNO2(6.5g,93.5mmol)。搅拌5min之后,在相同温度下添加CuCl(14.2g,143.8mmol)并继续搅拌1h。以乙醚萃取混合物。将合并的有机相以饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤,经由Na2SO4干燥,过滤并在30℃浴温及高于150mbar压力下蒸发以得到标题化合物。
步骤F.1-溴-2-(溴甲基)-3-氯-5-氟苯的合成
将1-溴-3-氯-5-氟-2-甲基苯(6.8g,30.4mmol)溶解于ACN(70mL)中。随后,添加NBS及AIBN并将混合物回流隔夜。起始材料(TLC)消耗完全之后,在真空中浓缩混合物且将剩余残余物通过在硅胶上的快速层析法(以庚烷洗脱)进行纯化以得到标题化合物。
步骤G.1-溴-3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-甲氧基苯氧基)甲基)苯的合成
将Cs2CO3(46.3g,142.0mmol)添加至经搅拌的1-溴-2-(溴甲基)-3-氯-5-氟苯(14.3g,47.3mmol)及4-甲氧基苯酚(7.6g,61.5mmol)于ACN(500mL)中的溶液。在RT下搅拌隔夜之后,将反应混合物过滤且在真空中浓缩。将残余物通过在硅胶上的快速层析法(以庚烷/EA洗脱)进行纯化以得到标题化合物。
步骤H.(R)-N-((R)-2-(叔丁基二甲基硅基氧基)-1-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-甲氧基苯氧基)甲基)苯基)乙基)-2-甲基丙-2-亚磺酰胺的合成
在-78℃下将AlMe3(2M于甲苯中,5.3mL,10.7mmol)添加至(R,E)-N-(2-(叔丁基二甲基硅基氧基)亚乙基)-2-甲基丙-2-亚磺酰胺(2.6g,9.2mmol)于无水甲苯(10mL)中的溶液。在-78℃下将溶液搅拌30min。随后,将1-溴-3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-甲氧基苯氧基)甲基)苯溶解于无水甲苯(15mL)中并在-78℃下添加BuLi(2.5M于己烷中,4.3mL,10.7mmol)。在-78℃下15min之后,在此温度下逐滴添加AlMe3及(R,E)-N-(2-(叔丁基二甲基硅基氧基)亚乙基)-2-甲基丙-2-亚磺酰胺于甲苯中的溶液。将混合物搅拌隔夜并允许达到RT。起始材料消耗完全之后,以饱和NH4Cl水溶液将反应淬灭。以EA萃取混合物。将合并的有机层经由Na2SO4干燥,过滤且在真空中蒸发。将粗产物通过在硅胶上的快速层析法(以EA/庚烷洗脱)进行纯化以得到标题化合物。
步骤I.(R)-2-氨基-2-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-甲氧基苯氧基)甲基)苯基)乙醇的合成
将(R)-N-((R)-2-(叔丁基二甲基硅基氧基)-1-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-甲氧基苯氧基)甲基)苯基)乙基)-2-甲基丙-2-亚磺酰胺(1.8g,2.3mmol)于MeOH(20mL)中的溶液以HCl(3M于MeOH中,3.3mL,10.0mmol)稀释并在RT下搅拌隔夜。起始材料(TLC)消耗完全之后,将混合物在真空中浓缩。将剩余残余物重新溶解于DCM中并以饱和NaHCO3溶液洗涤。将有机层经由Na2SO4干燥,过滤且蒸发至干。将残余物通过在硅胶上的快速层析法(以DCM/MeOH/NH4OH洗脱)进行纯化以得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):227.4[M+H+]。
步骤J.(R)-2-氯-N-(1-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-甲氧基苯氧基)甲基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)乙酰胺的合成
在0℃下将NEt3(42.6μL,0.31mmol)添加至(R)-2-氨基-2-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-甲氧基苯氧基)甲基)苯基)乙醇(50.0mg,0.15mmol)于无水THF(700μL)中的溶液并在此温度下搅拌5min。随后,在0℃下逐滴添加氯乙酰氯(15.9μL,0.20mmol)。将混合物在RT下搅拌4h。起始材料消耗完全之后,以饱和NH4Cl水溶液将反应淬灭。以EA萃取混合物。将合并的有机层经由Na2SO4干燥,过滤且蒸发。粗产物未经进一步纯化即使用。MS(m/z):402.4[M+H+]。
步骤K.(R)-5-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-甲氧基苯氧基)甲基)苯基)吗啉-3-酮的合成
将(R)-2-氯-N-(1-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-甲氧基苯氧基)甲基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)乙酰胺溶解于2-丙醇及THF(4:1,10mL)的混合物中并冷却至0℃。随后,缓慢添加KOtBu(215.2mg,1.92mmol)于无水THF(2.5mL)中的溶液。将混合物搅拌隔夜并允许达到RT。在以水(240μL)及乙酸(112μL)淬灭反应之后,将混合物在真空中浓缩。将剩余残余物悬浮于水中。以EA萃取水相。将合并的有机层经由Na2SO4干燥,过滤且蒸发至干以得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):366.1[M+H+]。
步骤L.(R)-5-(3-氯-5-氟-2-(羟甲基)苯基)吗啉-3-酮的合成
在0℃下,将硝酸铈(IV)铵(209.7mg,0.38mmol)于水(200μL)中的溶液添加至经搅拌的(R)-5-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-甲氧基苯氧基)甲基)苯基)吗啉-3-酮(68.5mg,0.15mmol)于ACN(1mL)中的溶液。在0℃下搅拌3h之后,通过添加盐水(1mL)及水(250μL)来将反应淬灭。以EA萃取混合物,将合并的有机层经由Na2SO4干燥,过滤且在真空中浓缩。将残余物通过在硅胶上的快速层析法(以EA/庚烷-->EA-->EA/MeOH洗脱)进行纯化以得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):260.2[M+H+]。
步骤M.(R)-5-(3-氯-2-(氯甲基)-5-氟苯基)吗啉-3-酮的合成
将亚硫酰氯(14.8μL,0.20mmol)及水(0.4μL)添加至经搅拌的(R)-5-(3-氯-5-氟-2-(羟甲基)苯基)吗啉-3-酮于DCM(1mL)中的溶液。将反应混合物搅拌隔夜。起始材料消耗完全之后,将混合物在真空中浓缩。粗产物未经进一步纯化即使用。
步骤N.(R)-5-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)吗啉-3-酮的合成
将Cs2CO3(116.3mg,0.36mmol)添加至经搅拌的(R)-5-(3-氯-2-(氯甲基)-5-氟苯基)吗啉-3-酮(33.1mg,0.12mmol)及4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-醇(31.8mg,0.13mmol)于ACN(1mL)中的溶液。在RT下搅拌隔夜之后,将反应混合物过滤且在真空中浓缩。将残余物通过在硅胶上的快速层析法(以EA/庚烷洗脱)进行纯化以得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):485.2[M+H+]。
步骤O.(R)-3-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)吗啉的合成
将NaBH4(54.9mg,1.45mmol)添加至(R)-5-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)吗啉-3-酮(93.9mg,0.19mmol)在氮气气氛下于无水THF(2mL)中的溶液。将混合物冷却至0℃且逐滴添加碘(51.6mg,0.20mmol)于无水THF(500μL)中的溶液。将反应混合物搅拌2h并允许达到RT。然后,将它回流隔夜。冷却至RT后,将混合物倾倒至冰冷的MeOH(5mL)中。将溶液在真空中浓缩。将剩余残余物悬浮于KOH水溶液(5M,240μL)中并回流3h。冷却至RT之后,以DCM萃取水溶液。将合并的有机层经由Na2SO4干燥,过滤且蒸发至干燥以得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):471.1[M+H+]。
步骤P.(R)-1-(3-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)N-吗啉基)-2-(二氟甲氧基)乙酮的合成
随后在0℃下将PyBOP(37.6mg,72μmol)及DIPEA(15.3μL,90μmol)添加至经搅拌的(R)-3-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)吗啉(17mg,36μmol)及2-(二氟甲氧基)乙酸(6.8μL,54μmol)于DMF(2mL)中的溶液。在RT下搅拌隔夜之后,将反应混合物在真空中浓缩。通过逆相HPLC纯化剩余残余物得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):579.4[M+H+]。
实例2:化合物编号1A的制备
1-[(3R)-3-[3-氯-5-氟-2-({[4-(4-氟吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基]氧基}甲基)苯基](3-氘)吗啉-4-基]-2-(二氟甲氧基)乙酮
根据实例1的步骤A至P,合成1-[(3R)-3-[3-氯-5-氟-2-({[4-(4-氟吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基]氧基}甲基)苯基](3-氘)吗啉-4-基]-2-(二氟甲氧基)乙酮,除了在步骤C中使用2-[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基硅基]氧基]-乙醛-1-d1代替2-(叔丁基二甲基硅基氧基)乙醛。根据Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2009,28,761–771中的公开使用DIBAL-D代替DIBAL-H合成2-[[(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基硅基]氧基]-乙醛-1-d1。
实例3:化合物编号2的制备
(R)-1-(3-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((2-甲基-4-(1-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)N-吗啉基)-2-(二氟甲氧基)乙酮
步骤A.8-甲氧基-2-甲基-4-(1-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)喹啉的合成
将4-氯-8-甲氧基-2-甲基喹啉(5.00g,24.15mmol)、1-甲基-1,2,4-三唑(42.74mL,48.30mmol)、K2CO3(6.67g,48.30mmol)、Pd(OAc)2(0.54g,2.41mmol)、三环己基膦四氟硼酸盐(1.87g,5.07mmol)及三甲基乙酸(2.47g,24.15mmol)悬浮于无水二甲苯(20mL)中。将烧瓶真空化,随后以氮气通风。将除气程序重复两次。将混合物加热至140℃达18h。在转化完成之后,将混合物蒸发且通过在硅胶上的快速层析法(以DCM/MeOH洗脱)以得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):255.4[M+H+]。
步骤B.2-甲基-4-(1-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)喹啉-8-醇的合成
将8-甲氧基-2-甲基-4-(1-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)喹啉(3.14g,12.35mmol)于无水甲苯(25mL)中的溶液升温至80℃且逐滴添加至经剧烈搅拌的AlCl3(4.94g,37.06mmol)于无水甲苯(25mL)中的混合物。在80℃下搅拌8h之后,将反应混合物冷却至0℃且通过添加水(68mL)及随后添加浓NH3水溶液直至pH 10(约1.7mL)来淬灭。将混合物离心。以EA萃取上清液且将合并的有机层经由Na2SO4干燥,过滤且在真空中浓缩。将残余物通过在硅胶上的快速层析法(以DCM/MeOH洗脱)进行纯化以得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):239.2[M-H+]。
步骤C.(R)-5-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((2-甲基-4-(1-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)吗啉-3-酮的合成
根据(R)-5-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)吗啉-3-酮的合成使(R)-5-(3-氯-2-(氯甲基)-5-氟苯基)吗啉-3-酮(77.3mg,0.28mmol)及2-甲基-4-(1-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)喹啉-8-醇(73.5mg,0.31mmol)反应以在快速层析法(以EA/庚烷-->EA-->DCM/MeOH洗脱)之后得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):482.5[M+H+]。
步骤D.(R)-3-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((2-甲基-4-(1-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)吗啉的合成
根据(R)-3-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)吗啉的合成使(R)-5-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((2-甲基-4-(1-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)吗啉-3-酮(63.6mg,0.13mmol)与NaBH4(37.4mg,0.99mmol)及碘(35.2mg,0.28mmol)反应以得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):468.4[M+H+]。
步骤E.(R)-1-(3-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((2-甲基-4-(1-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)N-吗啉基)-2-(二氟甲氧基)乙酮的合成
根据(R)-1-(3-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)N-吗啉基)-2-(二氟甲氧基)乙酮的合成使(R)-3-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((2-甲基-4-(1-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)吗啉(20.0mg,43μmol)与DMF(1mL)中的2-(二氟甲氧基)乙酸(8.1μL,64μmol)、PyBOP(44.6mg,85μmol)及DIPEA(18.2μL,107μmol)反应以得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):577.3[M+H+]。
实例4:化合物编号3的制备
(R)-4-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)-2-甲基-4,5-二氢噁唑
步骤A.(R)-乙酸2-乙酰氨基-2-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-甲氧基苯氧基)甲基)苯基)乙酯的合成
将(R)-2-氨基-2-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-甲氧基苯氧基)甲基)苯基)乙醇(100.0mg,0.31mmol)溶解于DCM及吡啶的混合物(4:1,1mL)中。随后,添加乙酸酐(160.5μL,1.54mmol)并在RT下搅拌溶液隔夜。起始材料转化完全之后,以1M HCl(1.5mL)及水(1.5mL)洗涤混合物。以EA(1mL)重新萃取水相。将合并的有机层经由Na2SO4干燥,过滤且蒸发以得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):432.1[M+Na+]。
步骤B.(R)-乙酸2-乙酰氨基-2-(3-氯-5-氟-2-(羟甲基)苯基)乙酯的合成
根据(R)-5-(3-氯-5-氟-2-(羟甲基)苯基)吗啉-3-酮的合成使(R)-乙酸2-乙酰氨基-2-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-甲氧基苯氧基)甲基)苯基)乙酯(125.8mg,0.31mmol)与硝酸铈(IV)铵(420.8mg,0.77mmol)反应以在快速层析法(以EA/庚烷洗脱)之后得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):348.4[M+HCOO-]。
步骤C.(R)-乙酸2-乙酰氨基-2-(3-氯-2-(氯甲基)-5-氟苯基)乙酯的合成
根据(R)-5-(3-氯-2-(氯甲基)-5-氟苯基)吗啉-3-酮的合成使(R)-乙酸2-乙酰氨基-2-(3-氯-5-氟-2-(羟甲基)苯基)乙酯(61.0mg,0.20mmol)与亚硫酰氯(29.1μL,0.40mmol)反应以得到标题化合物。
步骤D.(R)-乙酸2-乙酰氨基-2-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)乙酯的合成
根据(R)-5-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)吗啉-3-酮的合成使(R)-乙酸2-乙酰氨基-2-(3-氯-2-(氯甲基)-5-氟苯基)乙酯(64.8mg,0.20mmol)与4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-醇(53.8mg,0.22mmol)及Cs2CO3(196.5mg,0.60mmol)反应以得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):551.2[M+Na+]。
步骤E.(R)-N-(1-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)乙酰胺的合成
将(R)-乙酸2-乙酰氨基-2-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)乙酯(68.0mg,0.13mmol)及氢氧化锂单一水合物(8.1mg,0.19mmol)溶解于THF及水的混合物(2:1,0.6mL)中并在RT下搅拌隔夜。将反应混合物在真空中浓缩以得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):487.3[M+H+]。
步骤F.(R)-4-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)-2-甲基-4,5-二氢噁唑的合成
将(R)-N-(1-(3-氯-5-氟-2-((4-(4-氟-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基喹啉-8-基氧基)甲基)苯基)-2-羟乙基)乙酰胺(26.9mg,55.2μmol)及甲氧基{[(三乙铵基)磺酰基]亚氨基}甲醇盐(16.0mg,67.1μmol)于无水THF(1mL)中的溶液回流隔夜。起始材料消耗完全之后,在真空中蒸发混合物并将残余产物溶解于DCM(1mL)中。将有机相以水(1.5mL)、饱和NaCl溶液(1.5mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4)并在真空中蒸发。通过逆相HPLC纯化粗产物得到标题化合物。MS(m/z):467.2[M-H+]。
实例5:化合物编号4至13
以下表1中所示的化合物编号4至13号是本发明的根据通式(I)的化合物的另外代表性实例。这些化合物已使用上文所述的方法,连同本文所引用的参考文献中所公开或合成有机化学技术中已知的合成方法一起,以及如本领域技术人员所理解的对其进行的变化经合成。本文中关于实例1至4中所述的合成途径所引用的各参考文献特此以引用的方式并入本说明书中。无论如何,本领域技术人员将认识到产生化合物的起始材料及反应条件包括变化。
表1:实例化合物编号4至13
#质量:质谱法数据(来自液相层析质谱法)经指示(m/z)且表示质子化分子离子的值[M+H+]。
实例6:测试化合物对人类B2R的拮抗活性
以下基于细胞的人类缓激肽B2受体钙动员(hB2R-CaM)测定用于确定选自实例化合物编号1至13的化合物对人类缓激肽B2受体(hB2R)的拮抗活性。测定在本文中定义为标准体外B2受体活性测定,其可用于确定根据本发明的化合物(例如,实例1至4中所示的化合物)的IC50值。
根据提供商的说明书,以hB2R-CaM测定,使用B2缓激肽受体稳定细胞株HTS041C(Eurofins,St.Charles MO)及FLIPR钙6测定试剂盒(Molecular Devices,Wokingham,UK)研究根据本发明的化合物的拮抗活性。CaM测定量测是以Flexstation3系统(MolecularDevices)进行,前述系统允许向细胞精确添加化合物(B2R拮抗剂)及缓激肽(B2R激动剂)并随后连续记录时间依赖性CaM测定信号。
细胞培养、平板接种及饥饿:
将HTS041C细胞在37℃、5%CO2气氛下于细胞培养器中培养于补充有10%热灭活FBS(PAN Biotech)、10mM HEPES、青霉素/链霉素(200U/mL,200μg/mL)、1×非必需氨基酸(Lonza)及250μg/mL G418(Invivogen)的高葡萄糖DMEM细胞培养基(Lonza)中。在CaM测定实验前一天,将细胞在透明底黑色96孔板(ThermoFisher#165305)上接种于200μL具有减少的FBS(5%)且不具有G418的DMEM细胞培养基中。通过将每孔70,000个细胞培养(37℃,5%CO2)24h至28h来进行细胞饥饿。紧接在钙染料装载之前,小心地吸出培养基且以调整至pH7.4的含有Ca2+、Mg2+及20mM HEPES的Hank’s平衡盐溶液(HBSS,Gibco)(HBSS+)洗涤细胞。
细胞的钙染料装载:
对于钙染料装载,将一份FLIPR 6测定等分试样溶解于20mL HBSS+中。将150μL染料装载溶液添加至细胞平板且在37℃及5%CO2下培养120min。在染料装载之后,紧接着将细胞平板转移至经预热(37℃)的Flexstation 3系统以供CaM测定。
细胞内钙动员测定(CaM测定):
将在非结合平板(Costar)中的新制备化合物(B2受体拮抗剂)稀释系列(8pt,n=2)及缓激肽(B2受体激动剂)溶液转移至Flexstation系统(源板),之后立即开始实验。以用8pt浓度反应曲线的n>3初步实验(n=8)中所确定的EC80浓度添加缓激肽。通过Flexstation3系统执行CaM测定,以在底读Flex方法中记录钙敏感性染料荧光开始,ex/em=485nm/525nm,截止(em)=515nm。20s之后,将50μL 4倍浓缩的化合物稀释液添加至细胞,得到在细胞平板中0.1%的最终DMSO(Sigma)浓度。在添加之后监测CaM信号达80s以用于检测潜在的激动活性(agonistic activity)。在缓激肽刺激之前,在Flexstation系统内将化合物及介质处理的细胞在37℃下培养25min。随后添加50μL 5倍浓缩的缓激肽溶液(HBSS+,0.1%DMSO)以触发CaM信号(读出:最大-最小值),在缓激肽刺激之后量测这些信号达80s。
通过使用XLFIT(IDBS)软件对8pt(n=2)化合物浓度反应曲线进行4参数逻辑模型曲线拟合来进行IC50确定。
量测结果:
实例化合物编号1、1A、2、10及11显示对人类缓激肽B2受体(hB2R)等于或低于25nM的IC50值。
实例化合物编号6、7、8、9、12及13显示对人类缓激肽B2受体(hB2R)在26nM与500nM之间的IC50值。
实例化合物编号3、4及5显示对人类缓激肽B2受体(hB2R)在501nM与5000nM之间的IC50值。
在基于细胞的测试系统中,所有测试化合物均未显示任何毒性作用。
本说明书和/或申请专利范围中所公开的本发明的特征既可单独又可以其任何组合的形式是以各种形式认识本发明的材料。
Claims (15)
1.一种通式(I)的化合物或其盐:
其中,
A表示以下基团:
A1是N或CH;
A2是N或C-RA2;
A3是N或C-RA3;
A4是NH、O或S;
A5是N-RA5;
RA1表示氢原子或甲基;
RA2及RA3各自彼此独立地表示氢原子、卤素原子、OH、CN、NH2;(C1-C3)烷基,其可经一或多个相同或不同的选自卤素原子、OH、=O及NH2的基团取代;(C1-C3)烷氧基,其可经一或多个相同或不同的选自卤素原子、OH、=O及NH2的基团取代;(C2-C5)烷氧基烷基,其可经一或多个相同或不同的选自卤素原子、OH、=O及NH2的基团取代;C(O)NRA6RA7;或NRA6RA7;
RA5、RA6及RA7各自彼此独立地表示氢原子或(C1-C3)烷基,其可经一或多个相同或不同的选自卤素原子、OH、=O及NH2的基团取代;
R’表示氢原子或氘原子;
B表示5或6元饱和或部分不饱和的杂环烷基,其可经一或多个相同或不同的选自=O、卤素原子、RB1、ORB2及NH2的基团取代;
RB1表示氢原子或RB2;
RB2表示(C1-C3)烷基、(C1-C3)卤烷基、(C1-C3)羟烷基或(C1-C3)杂烷基;
R表示氢原子或G;
G表示(C1-C6)烷基,其中1至5个氢原子可独立地在各情况下经=O、卤素原子、ORG1置换或可选地经一或两个RB2取代的5元杂环置换;
RG1表示氢原子、(C1-C3)烷基、(C1-C3)卤烷基、(C1-C3)羟烷基或(C1-C3)杂烷基;以及
n表示数字0或1。
5.如权利要求4所述的化合物或其盐,其中,R1表示选自以下的5元杂环:呋喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、三唑基、四唑基、吡咯啶基、噁唑啶基、噻唑啶基、咪唑啶基、噁唑啉基、噻唑啉基、咪唑啉基、二氧杂环戊烯基、二氧戊环基、二氢噁二唑基、四氢呋喃基、吡唑啶基、吡唑啉基、二氢三唑基及四氢三唑基;所述杂环可选地经一或两个RB2取代。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的化合物或其盐,其中,R’是氢原子。
7.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的化合物或其盐,其中,R’是氘原子。
10.一种医药组合物,其包含一或多种如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的化合物;及可选地至少一种载剂物质、赋形剂和/或佐剂。
11.如权利要求10所述的医药组合物,其中,所述医药组合物经调配为气溶胶、霜剂、凝胶、丸剂、胶囊、糖浆、溶液、经皮贴片剂或医药递送装置。
12.一种组合制剂,其含有至少一种如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的化合物;及至少一种另外的活性医药成分。
13.一种如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的化合物、如权利要求10或11所述的医药组合物或如权利要求12所述的组合制剂,其用作药剂。
14.一种如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的化合物、如权利要求10或11所述的医药组合物或如权利要求12所述的组合制剂,其用于治疗和/或预防对缓激肽B2受体调节有反应的病状。
15.如权利要求14所述的使用的化合物、医药组合物或组合制剂,其中所述病状为:皮肤病症;眼部疾病;耳部疾病;嘴部、喉部及呼吸疾病;胃肠疾病;肝部、胆囊及胰脏疾病;尿路及肾脏疾病;男性生殖器官及女性生殖器官的疾病;激素系统疾病;代谢疾病;心血管疾病;血液病;淋巴疾病;中枢神经系统的病症;脑部病症;肌肉骨骼系统疾病;过敏症;疼痛;传染病;发炎性病症;损伤;免疫学病症;癌症;遗传性疾病;或水肿。
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- 2020-05-25 US US17/612,951 patent/US20220289730A1/en active Pending
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WO2020234480A1 (en) | 2020-11-26 |
AU2020277697B2 (en) | 2023-08-24 |
EP3956326A1 (en) | 2022-02-23 |
US20220289730A1 (en) | 2022-09-15 |
MX2021014287A (es) | 2022-01-06 |
PL3956326T3 (pl) | 2024-01-22 |
TW202110833A (zh) | 2021-03-16 |
AU2020277697A1 (en) | 2021-11-18 |
JP7459235B2 (ja) | 2024-04-01 |
ES2958457T3 (es) | 2024-02-08 |
JP2022533487A (ja) | 2022-07-22 |
AR118983A1 (es) | 2021-11-17 |
TWI827846B (zh) | 2024-01-01 |
CN113906020B (zh) | 2024-03-12 |
CA3139228A1 (en) | 2020-11-26 |
UY38707A (es) | 2020-12-31 |
EP3956326B1 (en) | 2023-06-28 |
EP3956326C0 (en) | 2023-06-28 |
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