JP2007528451A - ナノファイバーを含む多孔性の基板、物品、システム及び組成物、並びにそれらの使用及び製造方法 - Google Patents
ナノファイバーを含む多孔性の基板、物品、システム及び組成物、並びにそれらの使用及び製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
- B01D2239/0613—Woven
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
- B01D2239/1216—Pore size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/28—Pore treatments
- B01D2323/283—Reducing the pores
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/24996—With internal element bridging layers, nonplanar interface between layers, or intermediate layer of commingled adjacent foam layers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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Landscapes
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- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
この出願は米国仮特許出願第60/541,463号(2004年2月2日出願)、及び米国特許出願第10/941,746号(2004年9月15日出願)の優先権を主張し、その開示内容すべてをあらゆる目的のため全体としてここで援用する。
一般に、本発明は、既に報告されているナノ材料が欠いている取扱い、製造及び一体化の容易さを与える一方で、それらの材料の幅広い使用及び応用を可能にするナノ材料の新規な提示に関する。特に、本発明は複数のナノファイバーが基板上に取り付けられた多孔性基板を提供する。ナノファイバーは、基板の任意の部分又は表面全体に取り付けてもよいし、又は主に又は実質的に多孔性基板を貫通する細孔を形成する開口部の内壁面上に局在化させてもよい。
I.本発明の一般的な説明
一般に、本発明はナノワイヤ表面又は表面の部分を用いてユニークな物理的、化学的及び電気的な特性を与える新規な物品及び組成物を提供する。特に、本発明は、広範囲の様々な用途に対して広範囲のユニークで有用な特性を有する材料を提供するために、多孔性基板の表面全体の少なくとも一部に取り付けられたナノワイヤを有する多孔性基板に関する。
上述したように、本発明の物品は多孔性基板を物品の基礎として組み込む。一般に、本発明により用いられる多孔性基板は、任意の種々の固体又は半固体材料を含み、その上にナノワイヤを取り付けることができ、該材料を貫通する開口部が存在する。よって、これらの基板としては、固体の連続基板、例えば柔軟性又は剛性で貫通した開口部を有するプレート、フィルム、ウェーハ、例えば、打ち抜き又はエッチングされた穴あき金属又は無機プレート、ウェーハなど、細孔つき又は穴あきフィルムが挙げられ、又は基板としては、固体又は半固体コンポーネントの集合体、例えば、繊維マット、メッシュスクリーン、アモルファスマトリックス、複合材料、織物、すなわち、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、ポリアラミド又はポリエステル織物などが挙げられる。明らかに、様々な種類の材料の任意のものは、有機材料、例えば、ポリマー、カーボンシートなど、セラミック、無機材料、例えば、半導体、絶縁体、シリカに基づいた材料(例えば硅素、SiO2)など含んだガラス、金属、半金属、並びにこれらの任意のもの又はすべての複合材を含んだ基板を含み得る。
このなかでそれとなく述べたように、ナノファイバーを基板表面の部分に取り付けた本発明の多孔性基板は、該材料の様々な特に興味深い特性を利用する無数の用途をもつ。特定の用途では、ナノワイヤの存在により、改善された特性が多孔性材料に付与される。別の用途では、多孔性基板とナノワイヤとの組み合わせにより、実質的に新しい特性及び有用性を備えた材料が提供される。
第1の特に好ましい用途では、本発明の多孔性基板は半透性障壁として有用である。一般に半透性障壁にはまた、透過性のレベル、コストなどに依存して様々な異なる用途がある。例えば、この障壁は気体は透過させるが液体は透過させず、又は空気は透過させるが粒子状物質は透過させないようにできる。さらにまた、この半透性障壁はそれらの用途に防腐性又は抗菌特性を付与し得る。
最も簡単な態様では、気体又は液体を粒子状物質から分離するための濾過手段として半透性障壁を使用する。例えば、消費者の単純な濾過ニーズ(例えば家庭用暖炉、空調装置、空気清浄機)からより厳しい濾過ニーズ(例えば工業使用のHEPA濾過、防護装置用の有害物濾過、クリーンルーム用途、自動車用途など)まで例えば空気濾過に利用可能な広範囲の様々な濾過オプションが存在する。液体用途では、このようなフィルターにより、浄水、工業機械又は消費者の機械(例えば自動車など)の燃料又は潤滑剤についての粒子分離などが行なえる。
関連の態様では、基板は、液体は透過させずに気体(例えば空気)を透過するように構成する。例えば、このような障壁は、衣類及び医療の用途のための通気性湿気障壁として特に有用であり、水蒸気、酸素及びその他の気体は障壁を自由に通過できるが、液体の通過は阻止される。本発明によると、これは、多孔性基板を貫通するよう配置された開口部内にナノファイバーを付与することにより実現する。しかし、本発明の他の態様とは対照的に、湿気障壁の用途でのナノファイバーは、疎水性を増すように選択又は処理される。疎水性を増すナノファイバー表面の処理については、米国特許出願第60/466,229号(2003年4月28日出願)に詳細に記載されており、あらゆる目的のためにその全体をここで援用する。特に、ナノファイバー及び/又は基板表面は、疎水性化学物質部分をそれらの表面に取り付けて材料の疎水性を増すために、誘導体化し得る。当業者は、例えばシリカに基づいた基板を処理するためのシラン化学作用などを含めて、疎水性化学物質部分と基板との結合については十分に精通している。このように超疎水性のナノファイバー表面を多孔性土台基板上に与えることにより、液体(例えば液体の水又はその他の水溶液)の通過は阻止しつつ、空気、水蒸気又はその他の気体は通過させることができる。一般的には、このような障壁は実質的に湿気は透過させず、例えば、周囲条件下でこの表面に接触する湿気の大部分の通過を阻止する。
別の好ましい態様では、これらの湿気透過性障壁は、液体の水や他の有害な力/擦過力などが創傷部分に接触することは阻止する一方で、酸素は創傷部分に届き、気体及び水蒸気は創傷部分から逃げることができるので、包帯又は創傷被覆材として有用である。半透性障壁としてのそれらの利点に加えて、ナノファイバーで覆われた表面はまた、包帯を適所に維持する粘着力を与えることができ、例えば、包帯を創傷部分の周りにてそれ自身又は皮膚に付着させることができる。乾式接着剤又は高摩擦材料としてのナノファイバー表面の使用については、米国特許出願第10/661,381号(2003年9月12日出願)に詳細に記載されており、あらゆる目的のためにその全体をここで援用する。加えて、このようなナノファイバーのコーティングは、創傷部分での感染防止を助けるために抗菌材料(例えば、ZnOなど)を含むことができる。
既にそれとなく述べたように、一般に上記の用途では、多孔性基板の改善された特性(例えば、濾過のための空隙率、湿気反発などの改善)を提供するために多孔性基板上に配置されたナノファイバーを使用する。しかし、いくつかの用途では、ナノファイバーを多孔性基板に付与すると、単にその空隙率のために用いられるのではなく、下に存在する大きな表面積の基板に連結された小寸法材料の相乗作用的な構造的特徴によって改善される他の特性のために用いられるユニークな材料が提供される。
上述した特性とは別に、多孔性基板はまた、ナノファイバーを維持し、取り扱い、保存し、又は使用するための軽量で高密度の格子を提供できる。ナノファイバーはこの格子から収穫することができ、又は格子の部分は、もっとナノファイバーに固有の用途(例えば、半導体要素、構造的又は電気的な強化用の複合充填材料、〔例えば分離用の〕大表面積マトリックスなどとして)においてその全体が使用できる。
本発明のさらに別の態様では、本発明の多孔性のナノファイバー支持基板が、複合材料の格子を形成して格子の一体化を強化し、複合材料全体の構造的な特徴を改善する。特に、多くの複合材料が、別の材料(例えば、エポキシ又は他のポリマー、セラミック、ガラスなど)を支持する土台の構造的完全性を与える格子を含む。例えば、エポキシ樹脂中に入れられたガラス繊維布地の複合材、又は他のポリマーが、例えば、家具、サーフボード及び他の支持商品、自動ボディ修復などを含めて種々の異なる用途でごく普通に用いられる。同様に、一般に炭素繊維の布地又は基板はまた、所望の形状に成形される前にポリマー又はエポキシ樹脂中に入れられる。結局、一般にこれらの複合材料は、たいていの他の材料よりも優れた構造特性(例えば、比強度)を有する。特定の動作理論に縛られることなく、覆う材料と格子材料との相互作用はこれらの構造特性において非常に重要であると考えられる。具体的には、複合材料の2つのコンポーネントの相互作用を強化することにより、例えば、一方を他方に一体化することを改善することにより、最終的な複合材料の強度が向上すると考えられる。本発明のナノファイバー支持多孔性基板は、多孔性基板のみの表面積と比べて極度に大きな表面積により恩恵を受けるので、周りを覆う材料(例えば、エポキシ)との相互作用性が実質的により高くなるものと期待される。よって、本発明の別の態様として、ナノファイバーを基板上にデポジットさせた多孔性基板を複合材料の格子材料として使用することが挙げられる。
104…ナノファイバー
106…内壁部分
108…空隙領域
202…穴あき基板
204…ナノファイバー
206…内壁部分
208…開口部
300…フィルターカートリッジ
302…主ハウジング
304…フィルター層
306…フィルターサポート
312…入口通路
314…出口通路
400…コート
Claims (67)
- 基板を貫通する複数の開口部を有し、基板の全体表面が前記複数の開口部の内壁表面を含む前記基板、及び
前記基板の全体表面の少なくとも一部に取り付けられた複数のナノファイバー、
を含む物品。 - 前記基板が固体基板からなり、前記複数の開口部が前記固体基板を貫通する複数の細孔からなる請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記基板がシリカを基にしたウェーハからなる請求項2に記載の物品。
- 前記基板がセラミックシート又は板からなる請求項2に記載の物品。
- 前記基板が細孔付き又は穴あきフィルムからなる請求項2に記載の物品。
- 前記基板が金属板からなる請求項2に記載の物品。
- 前記基板がメッシュからなる請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記メッシュがポリマーメッシュからなる請求項7に記載の物品。
- 前記ポリマーメッシュがポリイミド、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリアラミドから選択されたポリマーを含む請求項8に記載の物品。
- 前記メッシュが金属メッシュからなる請求項7に記載の物品。
- 前記金属メッシュがニッケル、チタン、白金、アルミニウム、金、及び鉄から選択された金属を含む請求項10に記載の物品。
- 前記基板が織物からなる請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記織物がガラス繊維からなる請求項12に記載の物品。
- 前記織物が炭素繊維からなる請求項12に記載の物品。
- 前記織物がポリイミド、ポリエーテルケトン、及びポリアラミドから選択されたポリマーを含む請求項12に記載の物品。
- 前記基板が繊維マットからなる請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記繊維マットがシリカを基にしたファイバーからなる請求項16に記載の物品。
- 前記シリカを基にしたファイバーがガラス及びシリコンから選択される請求項17に記載の物品。
- 前記繊維マットが金属ファイバーからなる請求項16に記載の物品。
- 前記繊維マットがポリマーファイバーからなる請求項16に記載の物品。
- 前記複数の開口部の有効細孔サイズが10μm未満である請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記複数の開口部の有効細孔サイズが1μm未満である請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記複数の開口部の有効細孔サイズが0.5μm未満である請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記複数の開口部の有効細孔サイズが0.2μm未満である請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記複数のナノファイバーが実質的に前記開口部の内壁面にのみ取り付けられる請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記複数のナノファイバーが第IV族、第II-VI族及び第III-V族半導体から選択された半導体材料を含む請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記複数のナノファイバーがシリコンからなる請求項1に記載の物品。
- 複数の前記ナノファイバーが金の先端を備える請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記複数のナノファイバーを基板の全体表面の一部分上に成長させることにより、該全体表面の一部分に取り付けた請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記複数のナノファイバーが前記基板に電気的に接続される請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記基板と複数のナノファイバーとを包むマトリックス材料をさらに含む請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記マトリックス材料及び前記複数のナノファイバーが互いにII型エネルギーバンドギャップのオフセットを有する請求項31に記載の物品。
- 前記複数のナノファイバーが化学結合部分により機能化される請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記複数のナノファイバーが疎水性化学物質部分により機能化される請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記基板が平面シートからなる請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記平面シートの基板が柔軟性を有する請求項35に記載の物品。
- 前記基板が非平面の3次元形状を有する請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記3次元形状が立方体、球体、円柱、ブロック、ドーム、及び多面体から選択される請求項37に記載の物品。
- 前記非平面の3次元形状が円柱である請求項37に記載の物品。
- 前記基板と該基板の全体表面の少なくとも一部に取り付けられた複数のナノファイバーとを少なくとも部分的にカプセル封入するマトリックス材料をさらに含む請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記マトリックス材料が少なくとも部分的に前記開口部に挿入される請求項40に記載の物品。
- 前記マトリックス材料がポリマーを含む請求項41に記載の物品。
- 前記ポリマーがポリエステル、エポキシ、ウレタン樹脂、アクリレート樹脂、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ナイロン、及びPFAから選択されたポリマーを含む請求項42に記載の物品。
- 複数のナノファイバーで覆われたナノ繊維マットを含む物品であって、前記複数のナノファイバーは、該ナノファイバーが他のナノファイバーに接触するか又はそれに近接したポイントにて互いに架橋し半透性層を形成している物品。
- 前記ナノ繊維マットが多孔性基板の表面上にデポジットし、前記多孔性基板及びナノ繊維マットが半透性層を形成している請求項44に記載の物品。
- 前記ナノファイバーの少なくとも一部が該ナノファイバーに取り付けられた疎水性部分を含む請求項44に記載の物品。
- 基板を貫通する複数の開口部を有する多孔性基板であって、該多孔性基板の全体表面は前記開口部の内壁面を含む前記多孔性基板;及び
前記多孔性基板の全体表面の少なくとも一部上にデポジット又は取り付けられた複数のナノファイバーであって、前記ナノファイバー及び開口部は共に半透膜を通る細孔を形成し、前記細孔は1種以上の材料は透過させるがそれとは異なる1種以上の材料は透過させない前記複数のナノファイバー;
を含む半透膜。 - 前記ナノファイバーが前記多孔性基板の全体表面の少なくとも一部に取り付けられる請求項47に記載の半透膜。
- 前記ナノファイバーが前記多孔性基板の全体表面の一部上にデポジットしている請求項47に記載の半透膜。
- 前記複数のナノファイバーの個々のナノファイバーが前記複数のナノファイバーの他の個々のナノファイバーと架橋して、前記多孔性基板の表面に架橋したナノ繊維マットを付与している請求項49に記載の半透膜。
- 前記ナノファイバーが該ナノファイバーに結合した疎水性部分を含み、前記細孔が気体は透過させるが液体の水は透過させない請求項47に記載の半透膜。
- 前記細孔は、第1の粒子サイズの粒子は通過させないが、第1の粒子サイズより小さい第2の粒子サイズの粒子は通過させるような有効細孔サイズを有する請求項47に記載の半透膜。
- 前記有効細孔サイズが10μmより小さい請求項52に記載の半透膜。
- 前記有効細孔サイズが1μmより小さい請求項52に記載の半透膜。
- 前記有効細孔サイズが0.2μm未満である請求項52に記載の半透膜。
- 前記有効細孔サイズが100nm未満である請求項52に記載の半透膜。
- 前記有効細孔サイズが20nm未満である請求項52に記載の半透膜。
- 請求項52に記載の半透膜をハウジング内に配置したフィルターカートリッジであって、前記ハウジングは、前記半透膜の第1の側に流体連通した入口通路と、前記半透膜の第2の側に流体連通した出口側とを備えるフィルターカートリッジ。
- 前記ハウジングが呼吸空気を濾過する呼吸マスクに連結されている請求項53に記載のフィルターカートリッジ。
- 少なくとも第2の織物層と層状になっている請求項52に記載の半透膜を含む衣類物品。
- 請求項1に記載の物品が移植可能な医療デバイスの表面の少なくとも一部に取り付けられて覆っている移植可能な医療デバイス。
- 基板を貫通した複数の開口部を有する多孔性基板であって、該多孔性基板の全体表面が前記複数の開口部の内壁面を含む前記多孔性基板;及び
前記多孔性基板に取り付けられ電気的に接続された複数の導電性又は半導体ナノワイヤ;
を含む電気デバイス。 - 前記複数のナノワイヤが第1のエネルギーバンドギャップを有する請求項48に記載の第1の電気デバイス;及び
前記複数のナノワイヤが第2のエネルギーバンドギャップを有する請求項48に記載の第2の電気デバイス;
を備える光起電デバイスであって、前記第1と第2のエネルギーバンドギャップが互いにII型のバンドギャップのオフセットを示し;そして
光に当てられると前記第1と第2の電気デバイス間で電荷分離が起こるように、前記第1の電気デバイスのナノワイヤが前記第2の電気デバイスのナノワイヤに電気的に連通している前記光起電デバイス。 - 全体表面を有する多孔性基板を用意するステップ;
前記多孔性基板の全体表面に取り付けられた複数のナノファイバーを用意するステップ;
を含むナノファイバーの連続集団の製造方法。 - 多孔性基板を貫通する複数の細孔を上面に有する多孔性基板を用意するステップであって、前記細孔の各々は有効細孔サイズを有するものであり;
少なくとも1種の寸法が前記有効細孔サイズよりも大きい複数のナノファイバーを前記多孔性基板の上面にデポジットさせ、該ナノファイバーを該上面にナノ繊維マットとして保持するステップ;及び
前記複数のナノファイバー中の個々のナノファイバーを前記複数のナノファイバーのうちの他の個々のナノファイバーと架橋させて連続的なナノファイバー集団を生成させるステップ;
を含むナノファイバーの連続集団の製造方法。 - 複数の開口部を貫通させた基板を用意し、該基板の全体表面(全体表面は該開口部の内壁面を含む)の少なくとも一部に複数のナノワイヤを取り付けている多孔性基板を用意するステップ;及び
気体又は液体を該多孔性基板に通して該気体又は液体を濾過するステップ;
を含む流体又は気体の濾過方法。 - 複数の開口部を貫通させた多孔性基板を用意するステップ;
前記多孔性基板の全体表面の少なくとも一部に取り付けられた複数のナノファイバーを用意し、前記多孔性基板とナノファイバーとで気体透過性障壁を得るステップ;及び
前記多孔性基板の全体表面に取り付けられたナノファイバーの疎水性を高めるように少なくとも前記ナノファイバーを処理し、気体透過性湿気障壁を得るステップ;
を含む気体透過性湿気障壁の製造方法。
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JP7457583B2 (ja) | 2020-06-09 | 2024-03-28 | 東レエンジニアリング株式会社 | ナノワイヤ付きフィルム及びナノワイヤの製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5604620B2 (ja) | 2014-10-08 |
EP1713558A1 (en) | 2006-10-25 |
EP1713558A4 (en) | 2009-01-28 |
CA2554687C (en) | 2012-11-27 |
AU2005210654B2 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
US20070190880A1 (en) | 2007-08-16 |
AU2005210654A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
US8025960B2 (en) | 2011-09-27 |
WO2005075048A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
JP2012187929A (ja) | 2012-10-04 |
CA2554687A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
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