JP2006501272A - 認知過程改善用の医薬としての選択的ホスホジエステラーゼ9a阻害剤 - Google Patents
認知過程改善用の医薬としての選択的ホスホジエステラーゼ9a阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006501272A JP2006501272A JP2004536933A JP2004536933A JP2006501272A JP 2006501272 A JP2006501272 A JP 2006501272A JP 2004536933 A JP2004536933 A JP 2004536933A JP 2004536933 A JP2004536933 A JP 2004536933A JP 2006501272 A JP2006501272 A JP 2006501272A
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Abstract
Description
図1:実施例2による処置後の初代ラット(E18)大脳皮質培養における細胞内cGMP濃度。細胞を一定濃度の実施例2と20分間インキュベートした。培地対照は、非処置細胞におけるcGMPレベルを示す。DMSO含量は、培地対照および物質処置細胞において、0.2%であった。cGMP濃度をfmol/150000細胞でプロットする。
ヒトPDE9A(GenBank/EMBL 受託番号 NM_002606、cDNA配列は、配列表の配列番号1を参照)は、1998年にクローニングされ、配列決定された。他のPDE類とのアミノ酸同一性は34%(PDE8A)を超えず、28%(PDE5A)より低くはない。PDE9Aは、cGMPに高い親和性を有し、ミカエリス−メンテン定数(Km)170nMである。加えて、PDE9Aは、cGMPに選択的である(cAMPについてのKm=230μM)。PDE9Aは、cGMP結合ドメイン(GAFドメイン)を持たず、このことは、cGMPによるアロステリック酵素調節を示唆している。ウエスタンブロット分析で、PDE9Aがヒトで、なかんずく精巣、脳、小腸、骨格筋、心臓、肺、甲状腺および脾臓において発現されていることが示された。最大の発現は、脳、小腸、心臓および脾臓で見出された(Fisher et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273 (25): 15559-15564)。ヒトPDE9Aの遺伝子は、染色体21q22.3に位置し、21個のエクソンを含む。今日までに、20種のPDE9Aの選択的スプライシング変異体が同定されている(Guipponi et al., Hum. Genet., 1998, 103: 386 392; Rentero et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2003, 301: 686-692)。古典的なPDE阻害剤は、ヒトPDE9Aを阻害しない。従って、IBMX、ジピリダモール、SKF94120、ロリプラムおよびビンポセチンは、100μMまでの濃度でこの単離された酵素に対する阻害を示さない。ザプリナストについて、IC5035μMが立証された(Fisher et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273 (25): 15559-15564)。
DE2408906は、例えば浮腫の処置用の抗菌および抗炎症剤として用いることができるスチレンピラゾロピリミジン類を記載している。
本有効成分は、これらの投与経路に適する投与形で投与できる。
組換えPDE1C(GenBank/EMBL 受託番号: NM_005020, Loughney et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1996 271, 796-806)、PDE2A(GenBank/EMBL 受託番号: NM_002599, Rosman et al. Gene 1997 191, 89-95)、PDE3B(GenBank/EMBL 受託番号: NM_000922, Miki et al. Genomics 1996, 36, 476-485)、PDE4B(GenBank/EMBL 受託番号: NM_002600, Obernolte et al. Gene. 1993, 129, 239-247)、PDE5A(GenBank/EMBL 受託番号: NM_001083, Loughney et al. Gene 1998, 216, 139-147)、PDE7B(GenBank/EMBL 受託番号: NM_018945, Hetman et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2000, 97, 472-476)、PDE8A(GenBank/EMBL 受託番号: AF_056490, Fisher et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1998 246, 570-577)、PDE9A(GenBank/EMBL 受託番号 NM_002606、cDNA配列は、配列表、配列番号1を参照、Fisher et al., J. Biol. Chem, 1998, 273 (25): 15559-15564)、PDE10A(GenBank/EMBL 受託番号: NM_06661, Fujishige et al. J Biol Chem. 1999, 274, 18438-45)、PDE11A(GenBank/EMBL 受託番号: NM_016953, Fawcett et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2000, 97, 3702-3707)を、Sf9細胞にpFASTBACバキュロウイルス発現系を利用して発現させた(GibcoBRL)。感染の48時間後、細胞を回収し、20mL(培養物1Lにつき)の溶解緩衝液(50mM tris−HCl、pH7.4、50mM NaCl、1mM MgCl2、1.5mM EDTA、10%グリセロール、プラス、プロテアーゼ阻害剤カクテルセットIII[CalBiochem, La Jolla, CA USA]20μL)に懸濁する。細胞を4℃で1分間超音波処理し、続いて10000rpm、4℃で30分間遠心分離する。上清(PDE調製物)を回収し、−20℃で保存する。
PDE9A阻害剤は、培養した初代大脳皮質ニューロンの細胞内ニューロン性cGMPを増加させる。
ラットの胚(胚日齢(embryonic day)E17−E19)を断頭し、解剖培地(DMEM、ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン;両方とも Gibco より)を満たした解剖皿に頭部を移した。頭皮および頭蓋頂部を除去し、露出した脳を解剖培地を有する別のペトリ皿に移した。双眼顕微鏡と2本のピンセットを使用して、大脳(大脳皮質)を単離し、氷で4℃に冷却した。次いで、この大脳皮質ニューロンの解剖と単離を、標準的なプロトコールに従い、パパインキット(Worthington Biochemical Corporation, Lakewood, New Jersey 08701, USA)を使用して実行した(Huettner et al. J. Neurosci. 1986, 6, 3044-3060)。機械的に単離した大脳皮質のニューロンを、150000細胞/ウェルで、200μl神経基礎(neurobasal)(培地/ウェル(神経基礎; B27 添加;2mM L−グルタミン;ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシンの存在下;全試薬は、Gibco より)中、96ウェルプレート(ポリ−D−リジン/100μg/mlで30分間予処理した)で、標準条件下(37℃、5%CO2)、7日間培養した。7日後、培地を除去し、細胞をHBSS緩衝液(ハンクス平衡塩溶液、Gibco/BRL)で洗浄した。その後、HBSS緩衝液に溶解した実施例2の試験物質(予め100%DMSOに溶解した:10mM)100μlを細胞に載せた。次いで、実施例2の試験物質の最終濃度が図1に示した通りになるように、さらに100μlのHBSS緩衝液を添加し、37℃で20分間インキュベートした。次いで、アッセイ緩衝液を完全に除去した。その後、細胞を200μlの溶解緩衝液(cGMPキットコード RPN 226; Amersham Pharmacia Biotech.より)に溶解し、製造業者が定めた通りにcGMP濃度を測定した。全測定は、3重に実行した。統計分析は、Prism Software Version 2.0 (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA USA)を使用して行った。
長期増強は、学習および記憶の過程に対する細胞の相関現象と見なされる。以下の方法を使用して、PDE9阻害が長期増強に影響を与えるか否かを判定した:
ラットの海馬を切断刃(包丁)に対して約70度の角度に置いた。厚さ400μmの海馬切片を調製した。非常に柔らかい、入念に湿らせた刷毛(テンの毛)を使用して切片を刃から取り、95%O2/5%CO2ガス供給した冷たい栄養溶液(124mM NaCl、4.9mM KCl、1.3mM MgSO4x7H2O、2.5mM無水CaCl2、1.2mM KH2PO4、25.6mM NaHCO3、10mMグルコース、pH7.4)の入ったガラス容器に移した。測定の間、温度制御チャンバー中、高さ1−3mmの液体レベルで切片を維持した。流速は2.5ml/分であった。予備的なガス供給は、わずかな加圧下(約1atm)で、微小針(microneedle)を通して、前チャンバー(prechamber)中で行った。切片用チャンバーは、小循環(minicirculation)を維持できるようなやり方で前チャンバーに連結した。小循環は、微小針を通って流れ出す95%O2/5%CO2により押し進める。新たに調製した海馬切片を、切片用チャンバー中、33℃で、少なくとも1時間順応させた。
社会的認識試験は、学習力および記憶力の試験である。それは、ラットが同種の既知メンバーと未知メンバーを区別する能力を測定する。従って、この試験は、試験物質の学習力または記憶力の改善効果を調べるのに適している。
5−アミノ−1−シクロペンチル−1H−ピラゾール−4−カルボニトリル
収量:7.24g(理論値の63%)
MS(ESI):m/z=177(M+H)+
1H-NMR (200 MHz CDCl3): δ = 7.5 (s, 1H), 4.45 (br. s, 2H), 4.35 (m, 1H), 2.2-1.55 (m, 6H) ppm.
5−アミノ−1−シクロペンチル−1H−ピラゾール−4−カルボキサミド
収量:5.31g(理論値の71%)
MS(ESI):m/z=195(M+H)+
1H-NMR (200 MHz, CdCl3): δ = 7.5 (s, 1H), 5.67-4.8 (幅広い, 4H), 4.35 (m, 1H), 2.2-1.55 (m, 8H) ppm.
6−(シクロヘキシルメチル)−1−シクロペンチル−1,5−ジヒドロ−4H−ピラゾロ[3,4−d]ピリミジン−4−オン
収量:36mg(理論値の31%)
MS(ESI):m/z=301(M+H)+
m.p.:147℃
1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 11.95 (s, 1H), 8.0 (s, 1H), 5.1 (m, 1H), 2.5 (d, 2H), 2.15-1.75 (m, 7H), 1.75-1.55 (m, 7H), 1.3-0.9 (m, 5H) ppm.
5−アミノ−1−(1−エチルプロピル)−1H−ピラゾール−4−カルボニトリル
MS(ESI):m/z=179(M+H)+
1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 7.55 (s, 1H), 6.45 (s, 2H), 4.0 (m, 1H), 1.8-1.55 (m, 4H), 0.65 (t, 6H) ppm.
5−アミノ−1−(1−エチルプロピル)−1H−ピラゾール−4−カルボキサミド
MS(ESI):m/z=197(M+H)+
1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 7.65 (s, 1H), 6.9 (br. s, 2H), 6.1 (s, 2H), 3.9 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.6 (m, 4H), 0.7 (t, 6H) ppm.
6−(シクロヘキシルメチル)−1−(1−エチルプロピル)−1,5−ジヒドロ−4H−ピラゾロ[3,4−d]ピリミジン−4−オン
収量:146mg(理論値の47%)
MS(ESI):m/z=303(M+H)+
m.p.:122℃
1H-NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 12.0 (s, 1H), 8.0 (s, 1H), 4.45 (m, 1H), 2.5 (m, 2H), 2.0-1.5 (m, 10H), 1.4-0.9 (m, 5H), 0.6 (t, 6H, J = 7.5 Hz) ppm.
Claims (6)
- 知覚力、集中力、認知過程、学習力および/または記憶力の改善用医薬を製造するための選択的PDE9A阻害剤の使用。
- 知覚力、集中力、認知過程、学習力および/または記憶力の欠陥の予防および/または処置のための、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 欠陥が、痴呆、卒中、頭蓋大脳外傷、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、鬱病または前頭葉変性を伴う痴呆の群から選択される障害の結果である、請求項2に記載の使用。
- cGMPレベルに影響を与えることによる治療が効きやすい中枢神経系の疾患を処置および/または予防するための医薬を製造するための、PDE9A阻害剤の使用。
- 疾患が、痴呆、卒中、頭蓋大脳外傷、アルツハイマー病、前頭葉変性を伴う痴呆、レビー小体痴呆、血管性痴呆、注意欠陥症候群、注意および集中の欠陥、パーキンソン病、統合失調症、鬱病、情動障害、精神病、神経症、不安、躁病もしくは躁鬱病、ピック病、疼痛およびてんかんからなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載の使用。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20100210839A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
AU2003258597A8 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
ES2373381T3 (es) | 2012-02-02 |
EP1534285B1 (de) | 2011-10-12 |
US7737156B2 (en) | 2010-06-15 |
EP2305262A1 (de) | 2011-04-06 |
WO2004026286A2 (de) | 2004-04-01 |
JP4757492B2 (ja) | 2011-08-24 |
CA2496292A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
US9067945B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
EP1534285A2 (de) | 2005-06-01 |
US20130245045A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
US8455502B2 (en) | 2013-06-04 |
AU2003258597A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
DE10238722A1 (de) | 2004-03-11 |
US20060100222A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
WO2004026286A3 (de) | 2004-06-03 |
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