JP2006221974A - 高分子電解質媒体および直接メタノール型燃料電池 - Google Patents
高分子電解質媒体および直接メタノール型燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 64
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 abstract description 32
- -1 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid Chemical compound 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 17
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical group FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical group CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical group [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003354 benzotriazolyl group Chemical group N1N=NC2=C1C=CC=C2* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[Pt] CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QROGIFZRVHSFLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-enylbenzene Chemical group CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 QROGIFZRVHSFLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C08F112/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F112/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
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Abstract
Description
以下,本発明の実施例を詳細に説明する。
まず、100mLの二口フラスコにジムロート冷却管、オイルバス、マグネチックスターラ、攪拌子、窒素風船を装着した。この二口フラスコ内に2−(3−アリル−2−ヒドロキシ−5−メチルフェニル)−2−ベンゾトリアゾール(分子量265、1.5g、5.67×10-3モル)を入れ、さらに溶媒としてテトラヒドロフラン40mLを入れた。二口フラスコを氷浴させ、クロルスルホン酸0.3mLを添加し、1時間攪拌した。二口フラスコをオイルバスに入れ、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド20mgを添加し、攪拌子を攪拌速度200rpmで回転させ、オイルバス温度を80℃に設定した。反応溶液の粘度上昇が観察されたところで、攪拌を停止した。二口フラスコの温度が30℃以下に冷えたことを確認し、二口フラスコの温度の内容物をメタノール100mL中に入れ、沈殿物を生成させた。
・710,745,920,1430,1450,1500(−CH2CH−CH2)、
・740,762(N=C)、
・1205,1385,1465(N−N)、
・2852,2923,2960(CH3)、
・3040(芳香族)、
・3200(OH)、
・780(S−O)。
クロルスルホン酸の代わりに2−クロロ−1,3,2−ジオキサフォスフォラン(C2H4ClO3P;分子量142、0.90g、6.3×10-3モル)を用い、塩化アルミニウム80mgを添加し、反応後0.1N塩酸30mLを添加し反応溶液を攪拌子の回転速度を200rpmに設定し、室温下にて1時間攪拌した操作を行った以外、合成例1とほぼ同様な方法により重合物を合成した。
・710,745,920,1430,1450,1500(−CH2CH−CH2)、
・740,762(N=C)、
・1205,1385,1465(N−N)、
・2862,2923,2960(CH3)、
・3040(芳香族)、
・3200(OH)、
・567,857,883,986,1115,1146(P−O)。
前記合成例1、2で得られた重合物をN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド30mLに溶解させ、ガラス板状にバーコータを用いて引き伸ばし、風乾後、真空乾燥を4時間施した。得られた各キャスト膜(高分子電解質膜)をピンセットで剥離し、0.02モル/Lの塩酸に浸して保存した。
<電気伝導度測定用セルの作製>
a−1)中央部に縦0.5cm,横1.0cm,深さ1.0cmの貫通した液溜めを有するポリテトラフルオロエチレンからなるフッ素樹脂板を2枚を用意した。厚さ0.30mmの白金箔(厚み)を0.5cm×2.0cmにカットし電極とし、この電極を両面テープで前記各フッ素樹脂板の液溜めの0.5cm辺のその電極の端辺(0.5cm)が正確に一致するように貼り付けた。前記液だめの端から0.7cm離れた位置から他端まで前記電極表面部分に保護テープを貼り、電極面積が0.35cm2となるようにした。
=電極間距離/[膜断面積×膜抵抗]
=0.5(cm)/[膜幅1.0(cm)×膜厚(cm)×膜抵抗(W)]…(1)
前記方法によりナフィオン112膜を測定したときのプロトン伝導度をS0とした。
100mLのビーカをオイルバス中に固定し、過酸化水素水3%とFeSO440ppmからなる酸化性水溶液(OHラジカルを発生するフェント試薬)をビーカ内に入れ、オイルの温度を60℃に合わせた。デュポン社製商標名のナフィオン112膜を3.0gにカットし、重量を測定し、この重量をW0とした。つづいて、ナフィオン112膜のカットサンプルを前記酸化性溶液中に入れ、10時間静置した。その後、サンプルを引き上げ、水洗、風乾、真空乾燥を施した後の重量を測定し、この重量をW1とした。これらの重量W0,W1から重量減少量(WF0)=W0−W1を求めた。この酸化分解に伴う重量減少量は、耐ラジカル性の尺度になる。
ガラス製で固体高分子電解質膜によって仕切られた2つの容器を設定し、片方の容器にメタノール水溶液を充填しておき、メタノールが膜を通過してもう片方の容器へ染み出していく状況を気体を採取してガスクロマトグラフ分析を行うことによって追跡した。さらに具体的には、次のような記述に従った。
デュポン社製商標名のナフィオン112膜から10mg採取し、TG−DTA装置(リガク社製商標名:Thermo Plus 2)を用いて窒素ガス中の熱分解温度を測定した。このときの昇温速度は10℃/分で行った。測定されたナフィオン112膜の熱分解温度をT0(℃)とした。
実施例1、2の高分子電解質膜およびデュポン社製商標名のナフィオン112膜(比較例1)を燃料電池に組み込んだときの特性評価を説明する。
実施例1、2のキャスト膜(高分子電解質膜)および比較例1のナフィオン112膜のアノード側に白金−ルテニウム電極と炭素粉末およびカーボンペーパ(拡散層)、カソード側に白金触媒と炭素粉末およびカーボンペーパ(拡散層)を熱圧着して膜状電極ユニット(電極面積5cm2)を作製した。触媒担持量は、アノード側が2.2mg/cm2、カソード側が1.4mg/cm2とした。これらの膜状電極ユニット両面にサーペンタイン流路を有するカーボン製セパレータ、集電体をこの順序でそれぞれ配置して挟み込み、ボルト締めすることにより3種の評価用単セルとした。
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JP2005034486A JP4936673B2 (ja) | 2005-02-10 | 2005-02-10 | 高分子電解質膜および直接メタノール型燃料電池 |
DE602006000014T DE602006000014T2 (de) | 2005-02-10 | 2006-01-25 | Polymerelektrolytmaterial und eine Direkt-Methanol-Brennstoffzelle |
EP06100820A EP1693917B1 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2006-01-25 | Polymer Electrolyte Medium and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell |
US11/349,252 US7732077B2 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2006-02-08 | Polymer electrolyte medium and direct methanol fuel cell |
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JPH09241327A (ja) * | 1996-03-04 | 1997-09-16 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | 水溶性と紫外線吸収能を有するアニオン性共重合体 |
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DE19632285A1 (de) * | 1996-08-09 | 1998-02-19 | Hoechst Ag | Protonenleiter mit einer Temperaturbeständigkeit in einem weiten Bereich und guten Protonenleitfähigkeiten |
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DE19919881A1 (de) * | 1999-04-30 | 2000-11-02 | Univ Stuttgart | Organisch-Anorganische Komposites und Kompositmembranen aus Ionomeren oder Ionomerblends und aus Schicht- oder Gerätsilicaten |
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CN1439032A (zh) * | 2000-06-02 | 2003-08-27 | Sri国际公司 | 聚合物组合物 |
JP2003036864A (ja) | 2001-07-24 | 2003-02-07 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 固体高分子電解質膜および燃料電池 |
CA2473907A1 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2003-07-31 | Polyfuel, Inc. | Acid-base proton conducting polymer blend membrane |
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