JP4583874B2 - プロトン伝導性固体高分子電解質膜および燃料電池 - Google Patents
プロトン伝導性固体高分子電解質膜および燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4583874B2 JP4583874B2 JP2004305568A JP2004305568A JP4583874B2 JP 4583874 B2 JP4583874 B2 JP 4583874B2 JP 2004305568 A JP2004305568 A JP 2004305568A JP 2004305568 A JP2004305568 A JP 2004305568A JP 4583874 B2 JP4583874 B2 JP 4583874B2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 53
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- OYFRNYNHAZOYNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1O OYFRNYNHAZOYNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IAYUQKZZQKUOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,3,5,6-tetramine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=C(N)N=C1N IAYUQKZZQKUOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/103—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2256—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those involving carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1027—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
- C08J2379/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08J2379/06—Polyhydrazides; Polytriazoles; Polyamino-triazoles; Polyoxadiazoles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Description
例えば燃料電池においては、発電効率、システム効率、構成部材の長期耐久性の観点から、100℃から300℃程度の作動温度において、無加湿あるいは相対湿度50%以下の低加湿な作動条件で良好なプロトン伝導性を長期安定的にしめすプロトン伝導体が望まれている。従来の固体高分子型燃料電池の開発において、上記要求に鑑みて検討されてきたが、パーフルオロカーボンスルホン酸膜を電解質膜として用いた固体高分子型燃料電池では100℃以上300℃以下の作動温度下、相対湿度50%以下では十分な発電性能を得る事が出来ない欠点があった。
本発明は、上記課題を解決するためになされたもので、100℃から300℃程度の作動温度において、無加湿あるいは相対湿度50%以下の作動条件で良好な発電性能を示す固体高分子型燃料電池を提供することを目的とする。
本発明のプロトン伝導性固体高分子電解質膜は、下記(a)に示す一般式(式(a)中、R1、R2、R3、R4は、水素原子、アルキル基、アリル基、スルホン酸基、水酸基、ニトロ基、アミノ基のいずれか1種以上の置換基であり、n1は10〜10000である)で表される繰り返し単位を有するポリピリドビスイミダゾール類と、1種類以上の酸とからなることを特徴とする。
また、酸の量を減らせることで、相対的に電解質膜におけるポリピリドビスイミダゾール類の含有量を高くすることができ、電解質膜の耐熱性および機械的強度を向上させることができる。
更に、R1〜R4で表される置換基を備えており、これらの置換基によって、ポリピリドビスイミダゾールの主鎖同士の分子間の相互作用を高めることができる。これにより、電解質膜の耐熱性および機械的強度を更に向上させることができる。
なお、主査同士の相互作用を高めて耐熱性および機械的強度を高めるためには、R1〜R4のうちの少なくとも1つを、スルホン酸基、水酸基、ニトロ基、アミノ基のうちのいずれか1種以上の置換基とすることがより好ましく、R3およびR4を水酸基とし、R1およびR2を水素原子とすることが特に好ましい。
なお、燃料電池特性の測定は、電解質膜を市販の燃料電池用電極(Electrochem社)で挟持して膜電極接合体とし、130℃、無加湿の条件下、水素/空気で燃料電池運転を行った。水素および酸素の供給量はそれぞれ100mL/分および200mL/分とした。
2,3,5,6−テトラアミノピリジンと2,5−ジヒドロキシテレフタル酸を原料として、文献(polymer,vol.39,No.24(1998)p.5981−5986)の記載内容に従い、下記式に示す構造(ただし、式中、n2=100である)を有するポリピリドビスイミダゾールを合成した。得られたポリピリドビスイミダゾールを、メタンスルホン酸に再溶解させてガラス基板上でキャストし、120℃にて2日間乾燥することで厚さ15μmの金属光沢のある濃緑色のフィルムを得た。次いで、60℃にて105%のリン酸に直接浸漬し25分かけてリン酸をドープさせて実施例1の固体高分子電解質膜とした。ドーピングレベルは重量変化から計算して、合成したポリピリドビスイミダゾールの繰り返し構造単位あたり185モル%であった。なお、重量測定の前には120℃で2時間真空乾燥を行い吸湿水分の影響を除外している。
また、得られた固体高分子電解質膜を前述の方法により燃料電池として発電特性の測定を行った。図3に発電初期の電流密度−出力電圧の関係をグラフで示す。また表1に初期の開回路電圧と、電流密度0.3A/cm2における出力電圧を示す。
実施例1と同様の方法によって得られた濃緑色のフィルムに、105%リン酸とホスホン酸とが重量比率3:2の割合で混合されてなる混合酸をドープさせた。ドーピングレベルは酸の平均モル数から見積もって190モル%程度であると推定された。このようにして、実施例2の固体高分子電解質膜を得た。この固体高分子電解質膜を用いて実施例1と同様に燃料電池として発電特性の測定を行った。表1に、150℃におけるイオン伝導度、開回路電圧および電流密度0.3A/cm2における出力電圧を示す。
米国特許第5525436号公報に開示されている技術に基づき、ポリ−2,2’−(m−フェニレン)−5,5’−ビベンズイミダゾールを製造し、これにリン酸を200モル%ドープさせて比較例1の高分子固体電解質膜を作成した。実施例1と同様にしてイオン伝導度、開回路電圧および電流密度0.3A/cm2における出力電圧を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
また開回路電圧については、実施例1、2および比較例1のいずれについても大差がなかった。
更に、0.3A/cm2における出力電圧については、実施例1および2では0.18〜0.19V程度の出力が得られた。一方、比較例1では、電解質膜のイオン伝導度が低いために、単セル全体の抵抗が高くなり、発電が全く不可能であった。
Claims (2)
- 酸素極と、燃料極と、該酸素極および該燃料極の間に挟持された電解質膜と、前記酸素極の外側に配置された酸化剤流路を有する酸化剤配流板と、前記燃料極の外側に配置された燃料流路を有する燃料配流板とから構成される単位セルを具備してなり、前記電解質膜が、請求項1に記載のプロトン伝導性固体高分子電解質膜であることを特徴とする燃料電池。
Priority Applications (3)
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JP2004305568A JP4583874B2 (ja) | 2004-10-20 | 2004-10-20 | プロトン伝導性固体高分子電解質膜および燃料電池 |
KR1020040111375A KR100668322B1 (ko) | 2004-10-20 | 2004-12-23 | 프로톤 전도성 고체 고분자 전해질막 및 이를 채용한 연료전지 |
US11/252,559 US7736782B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2005-10-19 | Proton conductive solid polymer electrolyte and fuel cell |
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JP2004305568A JP4583874B2 (ja) | 2004-10-20 | 2004-10-20 | プロトン伝導性固体高分子電解質膜および燃料電池 |
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JP2006120405A JP2006120405A (ja) | 2006-05-11 |
JP4583874B2 true JP4583874B2 (ja) | 2010-11-17 |
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WO2006105228A1 (en) * | 2005-03-28 | 2006-10-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | High inherent viscosity polymers and fibers therefrom |
AU2006291831A1 (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2007-03-22 | Thomas Haring | Electrolyte |
CN117402326B (zh) * | 2023-12-14 | 2024-03-22 | 烟台九目化学股份有限公司 | 一种萘并双咪唑型膜材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (4)
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JP2002105129A (ja) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-10 | Hitachi Ltd | 固体高分子電解質、それを用いた固体高分子電解質膜、電極触媒被覆用溶液、膜/電極接合体及び燃料電池 |
JP2002198067A (ja) * | 2000-12-25 | 2002-07-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 高温作動型固体高分子複合電解質膜、膜/電極接合体及び燃料電池 |
JP2005068396A (ja) * | 2003-04-18 | 2005-03-17 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 複合イオン交換膜 |
JP2005535091A (ja) * | 2002-08-02 | 2005-11-17 | ペメアス ゲーエムベーハー | ポリイミド層を含む膜電極接合体 |
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US5041522A (en) | 1990-03-23 | 1991-08-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Dihydroxy-pendant rigid-rod benzobisazole polymer |
US5106940A (en) | 1990-03-23 | 1992-04-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Dihydroxy-pendant rigid-rod benzobisazole polymer |
US5674969A (en) | 1993-04-28 | 1997-10-07 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Rigid rod polymer based on pyridobisimidazole |
JP2004131532A (ja) | 2002-10-08 | 2004-04-30 | Toyobo Co Ltd | ホスホン酸基を有するポリベンズイミダゾール系化合物、およびそれを含む樹脂組成物、およびその製造方法 |
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JP2002105129A (ja) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-10 | Hitachi Ltd | 固体高分子電解質、それを用いた固体高分子電解質膜、電極触媒被覆用溶液、膜/電極接合体及び燃料電池 |
JP2002198067A (ja) * | 2000-12-25 | 2002-07-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 高温作動型固体高分子複合電解質膜、膜/電極接合体及び燃料電池 |
JP2005535091A (ja) * | 2002-08-02 | 2005-11-17 | ペメアス ゲーエムベーハー | ポリイミド層を含む膜電極接合体 |
JP2005068396A (ja) * | 2003-04-18 | 2005-03-17 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 複合イオン交換膜 |
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KR20060035545A (ko) | 2006-04-26 |
KR100668322B1 (ko) | 2007-01-12 |
JP2006120405A (ja) | 2006-05-11 |
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