JP2005522619A - 自動車を作動させる方法、装置、及びこれらの使用 - Google Patents
自動車を作動させる方法、装置、及びこれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005522619A JP2005522619A JP2003583785A JP2003583785A JP2005522619A JP 2005522619 A JP2005522619 A JP 2005522619A JP 2003583785 A JP2003583785 A JP 2003583785A JP 2003583785 A JP2003583785 A JP 2003583785A JP 2005522619 A JP2005522619 A JP 2005522619A
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- clutch
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- starter generator
- torque
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- F16D2500/70—Details about the implementation of the control system
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
1.内燃機関が立ち上がる、クラッチK1が開かれる、クラッチK2が締結される、スリップなし、車両は専ら電動機による駆動で走行する。
2.クラッチK2とスタータジェネレータは、できるだけジャークなしでK2におけるスリップが比較的軽くなるように制御される。そのために、K2での伝達可能トルクは、それ以前に出力された電動機の出力トルクとほぼ正確に等しい大きさでなければならない。
3.スタータジェネレータのトルクが引き上げられる、同時にクラッチK1が締結される。その際、クラッチトルクK1はスタータジェネレータの付加トルクを(はるかに)上回っていなくてもよい。
*回生段階の終了時(運転者がアクセルペダルを踏む)
*始めは純粋に電気的に行われた発進が、例えば、牽引力が不十分なときに、内燃機関によって支援されることがありうる。
1.内燃機関の接続の決定をシステムの制御部により行う。
2.発進時に、スタータジェネレータの(正の)トルクを維持する。回生段階が終了したら、スタータジェネレータのトルクは、例えばランプ機能もしくは他の快適な移行機能によって正の値に引き上げるか、又はまずは負の値のままにしておいてよい。
3.その後、ストローク又はトルクの制御によりエンジン側クラッチに摩擦トルクを発生させることができる。この摩擦トルクは、内燃機関のエンジンブレーキトルクを上回り、内燃機関の回転数を上昇させる。これを「内燃機関のプラッキング始動」と呼ぶ。
a)発進時に、車両加速度が急激に低下しないように摩擦トルクの最大勾配を選択することができる。
b)回生段階が終了したら、車両加速度が結果として正又は負で一定にとどまるように、クラッチトルクを補償することによってスタータジェネレータのトルクを選択することができる。
4.内燃機関の回転数がスタータジェネレータの回転数に達する前に、a)粘着性なし又はb)ジャークの非常に小さな粘着性により、有利には0Nmの値で、再びクラッチの伝達可能トルクを発生させることができる。摩擦トルクの抑制の開始は有利には以下のようにして決定することができる:
−内燃機関の回転数が回転数閾値(例えば、300U/min)を上回る。
−スリップ回転数nVM−nSGが閾値(例えば、−500U/min)を上回る。
−初めの2つの条件のうちの一方が満たされており、エンジン回転数(又はスリップ回転数)の勾配が限界値を上回る。
−制御要素のストロークが閾値(「プラッキング点」)に達する。
−上記条件の組み合わせが満たされている。
摩擦トルクの抑制は、3a)及び3b)に記載されているようにして行われる(勾配制限又はスタータジェネレータによるトルク補償とによって)。
5.ステップ4の間に粘着性が生じない場合(変種4a)には、内燃機関の回転数がスタータジェネレータの回転数を所定の値だけ上回ったとき、又は例えば勾配の考慮に基づいてこの状況が生じることが確実となってはじめて、クラッチが再び締結される。
6.今や、電子クラッチ管理(EKM)又はオートマチックマニュアルトランスミッション(ASG)を有する車両で使用されているようなクラッチ接続戦略を実施することができる。クラッチを接続するために、ストローク又はトルクの制御を介して摩擦トルクを変化させる。同様に、回転数の平滑化が快適に行われるように、すでに始動した内燃機関を制御してもよい。
1.内燃機関とスタータジェネレータの間、及び/又は、スタータジェネレータとホイール回転数との間の回転数の差が予期しないものであった場合には、有利には、その時点の変速比を考慮して、スリップが抑えられるように、エンジン側及び/又はトランスミッション側のクラッチをさらに入れることができる。
2.スタータジェネレータとトランスミッション入力側の間のクラッチが締結されているシフトプロセスの場合には、同期プロセスの開始及び終了の時点を検出することができる。これは、有利にはシフトアクチュエータの制御、同期点の調整、また最初の運転開始などのときにも使用することができる。
3.スタータジェネレータとトランスミッション入力側の間のクラッチが締結されている場合には、ホイール回転数を用いて挿入されているギアを求め、それをトランスミッション調整装置の位置の妥当化に使用することができる。
4.スタータジェネレータとトランスミッション入力側の間のクラッチが締結されている場合には、ホイール回転数センサの信号は妥当化及び/又は場合によっては代替されうる。例えば、ホイール回転数センサの信号が通常の範囲から大きく外れている場合、既知のギアが挿入されていれば、未入手のホイール回転数はスタータジェネレータの回転数信号から求めることができる。
5.ホイール回転数センサが故障している場合には、非常時動作に移行することができる。この非常時動作では、トランスミッション側クラッチはつねに締結されたままに保持される。その場合、トランスミッションが空転していなければ、スタータジェネレータの回転数とその時点の変速比とを介して車両速度を計算することができる。
6.スタータジェネレータの方向認識により、エンジン側クラッチが開いており、トランスミッション側クラッチが締結されている純粋に電気的な発進の際に、運転者の要望に従って車両を動かすか、場合によってはそれに反して進ませるべきかを調べることができる。例えば、前進ギアでの発進の際に、車両が後進していることが確認された場合には、上り坂走行であると推測することができる。それに対する反応として、有利には、運転者の要望する方向の駆動トルクを上げる(ヒルホルダー)ために、電動機への通電を増大させることができる。
7.スタータジェネレータの回転数情報は、エンジン側及び/又はトランスミッション側のクラッチの温度推定のために、エンジン回転数及び/又はホイール回転数と組み合わせて使用することができる。このために、例えば、電子クラッチ管理(EKM)又はオートマチックマニュアルトランスミッション(ASG)を備えた車両においてすでに使用されているように、温度モデルを使用してもよい。
図7には、内燃機関のシミュレーションのためのプログラム部分における考え得るプログラムの流れが示されている。なお、このプログラムの流れは電動機による発進トルクの計算に使用されるものである。
MVM_virt=MVM(nVM_virt,ペダル値)
を計算し、また運動方程式の積分により、新たな仮想回転数
MR_Soll_virt=MAnfahr(nVM_virt,nGetriebe)
電動機制御部は、電動機の目標基準値として仮想クラッチ目標トルクの値を受け取る。それにより、電動機による発進の際の車両は、同じペダル値での内燃機関による発進の際と同様の挙動を示す。
Claims (21)
- 自動車の作動方法、とりわけ、クランクシャフトスタータジェネレータを用いた車両駆動系の制御方法において、
内燃機関を接続するために、トランスミッション側クラッチが滑動状態に移行し且つ動力取出装置が駆動装置から切り離される時点で、クランクシャフトの2つのクラッチの間に配置されたスタータジェネレータを活動化させることを特徴とする、自動車の作動方法。 - 電気発進の最中に内燃機関を始動させるために、キックダウンスイッチが所定の期間にわたって操作された時点で、前記スタータジェネレータを活動化させる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 電気発進の最中に内燃機関を始動させるために、アクセルペダルが所定の位置を越えた又は所定期間以上にわたって操作された時点で、前記スタータジェネレータを活動化させる、請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- 内燃機関を始動させるために、車両の実際加速度が所定の車両目標加速度に一致しなければ、前記スタータジェネレータを活動化させる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 車両の電気発進から始めて、スタータジェネレータと内燃機関との間にある第2クラッチがスリップせずに動作するまで、トランスミッションとスタータジェネレータとの間にあるクラッチを作動させる、請求項1から4のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- スタータジェネレータと内燃機関との間に配置されたクラッチの接続を燃料消費量に依存した論理制御に基づかせる、請求項1から5のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- スタータジェネレータと内燃機関との間に配置されたクラッチの接続を選択された走行特性に依存した論理制御に基づかせる、請求項1から6のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 車両発進時に、スタータジェネレータのトルクを維持するか又は変化させ、同時にストローク又はトルクの制御を介してエンジン側クラッチに摩擦トルクを発生させる、請求項1から7のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 内燃機関の回転数とスタータジェネレータの回転数が等しくなる前に、トランスミッション側クラッチの伝達可能トルクをふたたびスリップ状態にまで抑制する、請求項8記載の方法。
- 内燃機関の所定の回転数閾値が超過される、請求項9記載の方法。
- 所定のスリップ回転数閾値が超過される、請求項10記載の方法。
- 機関回転数又はスリップ回転数の勾配が限界値を超える、請求項8又は9記載の方法。
- 内燃機関の始動のために求めた値を制御によって揮発性メモリに格納しておく、請求項1から12のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 内燃機関の始動の時点に関して、制御装置のメモリに格納されている温度係数を考慮する、請求項1から13のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 所定の発進パラメータに基づいてそのつど必要とされるクラッチ目標トルクを計算するプログラム部分を制御装置に格納しておく、請求項1から14のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記プログラム部分は有利には複数のモジュールから構成されることができ、1つの制御装置の中に存在するか又は互いに通信し合う複数の制御装置に分配される、請求項14記載の方法。
- 前記プログラム部分は該プログラム部分に割り当てられた機能とともにシステム全体に存在する、請求項13から15のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- コーディネータにより、駆動機関の制御、トランスミッションの制御、及び少なくとも1つのクラッチの制御にデータを提供する、請求項1から17のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- トランスミッション入力側回転数をトランスミッションに取り付けられたセンサにより検出する、請求項1から18のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- スタータジェネレータの回転数と内燃機関の回転数との間の差、ホイールセンサのデータならびにエンジン側及びトランスミッション側のクラッチの温度を検出し、トランスミッション制御により処理する、請求項19記載の方法。
- 請求項1から20のいずれか1項記載の方法を実行するための装置。
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PCT/DE2003/001192 WO2003086804A1 (de) | 2002-04-10 | 2003-04-10 | Verfahren, vorrichtung und deren verwendung zum betrieb eines kraftfahrzeuges |
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JP4838887B2 (ja) * | 2006-10-23 | 2011-12-14 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | ハイブリッド駆動装置の制御方法 |
JP2012086809A (ja) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-05-10 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 坂道発進補助制御装置 |
JP2012116470A (ja) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-21 | Internatl Truck Intellectual Property Co Llc | ハイブリッド電気パワートレーン用のエンジン始動制御方式 |
WO2013125009A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-23 | 2013-08-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | ハイブリッド車両の発進制御装置 |
JPWO2013125009A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-23 | 2015-05-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | ハイブリッド車両の発進制御装置 |
WO2014115300A1 (ja) * | 2013-01-25 | 2014-07-31 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両の制御装置 |
JP5618005B1 (ja) * | 2013-01-25 | 2014-11-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両の制御装置 |
KR20150062167A (ko) * | 2013-01-25 | 2015-06-05 | 도요타 지도샤(주) | 차량의 제어 장치 |
KR101636425B1 (ko) | 2013-01-25 | 2016-07-20 | 도요타 지도샤(주) | 차량의 제어 장치 |
CN115038887A (zh) * | 2020-02-04 | 2022-09-09 | 株式会社法雷奥凯佩科 | 混合动力驱动模块 |
CN115038887B (zh) * | 2020-02-04 | 2024-06-11 | 株式会社法雷奥凯佩科 | 混合动力驱动模块 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7160225B2 (en) | 2007-01-09 |
EP1497151B1 (de) | 2009-04-08 |
DE10391498D2 (de) | 2005-04-07 |
WO2003086804A1 (de) | 2003-10-23 |
US20050090370A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
FR2838684B1 (fr) | 2007-03-09 |
CN100377900C (zh) | 2008-04-02 |
EP2096014B1 (de) | 2015-06-10 |
JP4068068B2 (ja) | 2008-03-26 |
KR20040108712A (ko) | 2004-12-24 |
EP1497151A1 (de) | 2005-01-19 |
ITMI20030722A1 (it) | 2003-10-11 |
DE50311387D1 (de) | 2009-05-20 |
ATE427864T1 (de) | 2009-04-15 |
EP2096014A2 (de) | 2009-09-02 |
BR0304412A (pt) | 2004-07-27 |
EP2096014A3 (de) | 2010-10-27 |
FR2838684A1 (fr) | 2003-10-24 |
AU2003233937A1 (en) | 2003-10-27 |
DE10316422A1 (de) | 2003-12-11 |
CN1659054A (zh) | 2005-08-24 |
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