JP2005521615A - 大型高密度発泡ガラスタイル - Google Patents
大型高密度発泡ガラスタイル Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005521615A JP2005521615A JP2003569397A JP2003569397A JP2005521615A JP 2005521615 A JP2005521615 A JP 2005521615A JP 2003569397 A JP2003569397 A JP 2003569397A JP 2003569397 A JP2003569397 A JP 2003569397A JP 2005521615 A JP2005521615 A JP 2005521615A
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- tile
- glass
- foam
- foam glass
- composite
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C11/00—Multi-cellular glass ; Porous or hollow glass or glass particles
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- E04F13/0885—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements specially adapted for being adhesively fixed to the wall; Fastening means therefor; Fixing by means of plastics materials hardening after application
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/249969—Of silicon-containing material [e.g., glass, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、概して、建築構造において使用される建築材料に関する。より詳細には、本発明は、建物の内部及び外部両方のファサードで使用される大型高密度発泡ガラスタイルに関する。更により詳細には、本発明は、建物の内部及び外部ファサードに使用され、爆発に対して該建物がより耐性であることを可能にする大型高密度発泡ガラスタイルに関する。
過去数十年の間、米国の内外において、米国及び他の国々が所有する政府建物に対して多数のテロリスト攻撃が行われている。例えば、1993年、テロリストはニューヨーク市にある世界貿易センターのガレージ内で自動車爆弾を爆発させ、人命が失われると共に、かなりの物的損害が生じた。その後、1995年には、オクラホマ州オクラホマ市にある連邦ビルの外側で他の過激派がトラックを爆発させ、この場合も、多大な人命が失われると共に、物的損害が生じた。1998年には、ナイロビ及びダルエスサラームの米国大使館も自動車爆弾によるテロリスト攻撃を受け、それぞれ、多大な人命が失われると共に、物的損害が生じた。ごく最近では、ニューヨーク市の世界貿易センター及びバージニア州のペンタゴンでの悲劇的な事件によって、自動車爆弾の爆発及び他の同様のテロリスト攻撃からの衝撃波に耐え得る建築材料の開発及び製造に対する長い間の切実な必要性が更に重視されるようになった。
特に、本発明の目的は、外部及び内部両方の建物壁のファサードとして使用可能な大型高密度発泡ガラスタイルを提供することである。
本発明の上記及び関連の目的は、外部及び内部両方の建物壁のファサードとして使用可能な大型高密度発泡ガラスタイルの形態で得られることが、いまや見出された。また、発泡ガラスタイルは、他の材料と共に使用してパネル又は複合体を形成し得る。本発明は、セメント、鋼鉄又は他の高強度建築材料と組み合わせて、テロリスト攻撃の危険性が高い建物の重要表面に使用されてもよい。また、本発明は、標準的な建物の表面に使用されてもよい。本発明は、爆発により生じる衝撃波のかなりの部分を吸収するという利点を有する。また、本発明は、地震に対してより耐性であるという利点も有する。ガラス発泡体、発泡ガラス、セラミック発泡体及び発泡セラミックという用語は、本発明において置き換え可能であることに注意しなければならない。
本発明は、外部及び内部両方の建物壁のファサードとして使用可能な大型高密度発泡ガラスタイルに関する。また、本発明の発泡ガラスタイルは、他の材料と共に使用されて、パネル又は複合体を形成し得る。本発明は、セメント、鋼鉄又は他の高強度建築材料と組み合わせて、テロリスト攻撃の危険性の高い建物の重要表面で使用されてもよい。また、本発明は、標準的な建物の表面に使用されてもよい。本発明は、地震及び/又は風圧に対してより耐性であるという利点を有する。
以下の表1に示される原料を混合することによって発泡ガラスタイルを製造した。
以下の表2に示される原料を混合することによって発泡ガラスタイルを製造した。
Claims (57)
- 少なくとも1つの面に密閉気孔の外側表皮を含む発泡ガラスタイルであって、30ポンド/立方フィート〜100ポンド/立方フィート(480.5539kg/m3〜1601.8463kg/m3)の密度、少なくとも2インチ(0.0508m)の厚さ及び30ポンド(13.6078kg)よりも重い重量を有する発泡ガラスタイル。
- タイル表面積が、少なくとも2フィート×2フィート(0.6096m×0.6096m)である請求項1に記載の発泡ガラスタイル。
- タイル表面積が、少なくとも4フィート×4フィート(1.2192m×1.2192m)である請求項1に記載の発泡ガラスタイル。
- 前記タイルが、40ポンド/立方フィート(640.7385kg/m3)より大きい密度を有する請求項1に記載の発泡ガラスタイル。
- 前記タイルが、50ポンド/立方フィート(800.9232kg/m3)より大きい密度を有する請求項1に記載の発泡ガラスタイル。
- 前記タイルが、少なくとも3インチ(0.0762m)の厚さを有する請求項1に記載の発泡ガラスタイル。
- 前記タイルが、少なくとも4インチ(0.1016m)の厚さを有する請求項1に記載の発泡ガラスタイル。
- 前記タイルが、少なくとも65ポンド(29.4835kg)の重量を有する請求項1に記載の発泡ガラスタイル。
- 前記タイルが、少なくとも100ポンド(45.3592kg)の重量を有する請求項1に記載の発泡ガラスタイル。
- 前記タイルが、これと同様の構造を有する少なくとも1つの他のタイルと共に組み立てられてパネルを形成し、前記パネルが、軽量の建築ファサードとして使用される請求項1に記載の発泡ガラスタイル。
- 前記建築ファサードが、建物の少なくとも一部に組付けられ、前記建物の前記一部が、震害に対して実質的に耐性である請求項10に記載の発泡ガラスタイル。
- 前記タイルが、密閉気孔構造を有する請求項1に記載の発泡ガラスタイル。
- 前記外側表皮は、前記発泡ガラスタイルがグレーズ加工された外側表面である請求項12に記載の発泡ガラスタイル。
- 前記密閉気孔構造は、建築的魅力のための質感が与えられる請求項12に記載の発泡ガラスタイル。
- 前記タイルが、内側部分を更に含み、前記タイルの外側表皮が、その表面を前記タイルの前記内側部分とは異なる色に見えるようにするための添加剤を含む請求項12に記載の発泡ガラスタイル。
- (a)20ポンド/立方フィート〜100ポンド/立方フィート(320.3693kg/m3〜1601.8463kg/m3)の密度を有する発泡ガラスタイル;及び
(b)剛構造体
を含む複合建築材料であって、前記タイルが、前記剛構造体により裏打ちされ、爆破エネルギーを有する爆破衝撃波を受けた場合に、前記タイルが、前記タイルが曝される前記爆破エネルギーのかなりの部分を吸収することができる前記複合建築材料。 - 前記剛構造体が、建築柱である請求項16に記載の複合建築材料。
- 前記剛構造体が、ガレージ内又はガレージに隣接して配置される請求項16に記載の複合建築材料。
- 前記剛構造体が、1つ以上のセメント質材料からなる請求項16に記載の複合建築材料。
- 前記セメント質材料が、ポルトランドセメントを含む請求項19に記載の複合建築材料。
- 前記セメント質材料が、石灰を含む請求項19に記載の複合建築材料。
- 前記セメント質材料が、アルミナセメントを含む請求項19に記載の複合建築材料。
- 前記セメント質材料が、石膏を含む請求項19に記載の複合建築材料。
- 前記剛構造体が、高分子材料を含む請求項16に記載の複合建築材料。
- 前記高分子材料が、繊維材料及び/又はケブラーからなる請求項24に記載の複合建築材料。
- (a)発泡ガラスタイル;及び
(b)前記発泡ガラスタイル上の無機セメント質の裏打ち
を含むセラミック−ガラス発泡複合体であって、前記複合体が、起こり得る爆発から曝され得る爆破エネルギーのかなりの部分を吸収することができる前記セラミック−ガラス発泡複合体。 - 前記発泡ガラスタイルが、前記起こり得る爆発の方向に曝される請求項26に記載のセラミック−ガラス発泡複合体。
- 前記セメント質の裏打ちが、前記発泡ガラスタイルとポゾラン結合を形成する請求項26に記載のセラミック−ガラス発泡複合体。
- 前記セメント質の裏打ちが、強化セメントである請求項26に記載のセラミック−ガラス発泡複合体。
- 前記複合体が、建築柱に取り付けられる請求項26に記載のセラミック−ガラス発泡複合体。
- 前記複合体が、ガレージ内又はガレージに隣接して配置された壁に取り付けられる請求項26に記載のセラミック−ガラス発泡複合体。
- (a)表面仕上げ層;
(b)少なくとも1つの剛性発泡ガラス層;及び
(c)少なくとも1つの裏打ち層
を含む発泡ガラス複合パネル。 - 前記剛性発泡ガラスが、密閉気孔構造を有する請求項32に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記表面仕上げ層は、前記少なくとも1つの剛性発泡ガラス層がグレーズ加工された発泡ガラス外側表面である請求項32に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記表面仕上げ層は、建築的魅力のための質感が与えられる請求項32に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記表面仕上げ層が、その表面を前記少なくとも1つの剛性発泡ガラス層とは異なる色に見えるようにするための添加剤を含む請求項32に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記表面仕上げ層が、繊維材料を含有する請求項32に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記繊維が、グラファイト及び/又はケブラーから製造される請求項37に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記少なくとも1つの裏打ち層が、繊維材料を含有する請求項32に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記繊維が、グラファイト及び/又はケブラーから製造される請求項39に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記表面仕上げ層が、高分子材料を含む請求項32に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記少なくとも1つの裏打ち層が、高分子材料を含む請求項32に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記少なくとも1つの裏打ち層が、1つ以上のセメント質材料を含む請求項32に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記セメント質材料が、前記少なくとも1つの発泡ガラス層の表面とポゾラン結合を形成する請求項43に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記セメント質材料が、ポルトランドセメントを含む請求項43に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記セメント質材料が、強化ポルトランドセメントを含む請求項43に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記セメント質材料が、石灰を含む請求項43に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記セメント質材料が、アルミナセメントを含む請求項43に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記セメント質材料が、石膏を含む請求項43に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記少なくとも1つの発泡ガラス層と前記裏打ち層との間に、結合促進剤又は接着剤の層が適用される請求項43に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記少なくとも1つの裏打ち層が、金属を含む請求項32に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 吊り金具が、裏打ち層内に設置される請求項32に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記パネルが、耐力フレーム上に取り付けられる請求項32に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記パネルが、かなりの量の衝撃波及び振動エネルギーを吸収することができる請求項53に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記表面仕上げ層が、衝撃波の場合に、前記1つ以上の発泡ガラス層の破片を含有することができる請求項32に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記1つ以上の裏打ち層が、衝撃波の場合に、前記1つ以上の発泡層の破片を含有することができる請求項32に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
- 前記パネルが、建物の少なくとも一部に組付けられ、前記建物の前記一部が、震害に対して実質的に耐性である請求項32に記載の発泡ガラス複合パネル。
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-
2002
- 2002-02-15 US US10/076,971 patent/US6964809B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-02-10 MX MXPA04007759A patent/MXPA04007759A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-02-10 EP EP08152481A patent/EP1923210A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-02-10 EP EP03721287A patent/EP1474290B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-10 AU AU2003224611A patent/AU2003224611B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-02-10 CN CNA038068249A patent/CN1642730A/zh active Pending
- 2003-02-10 AT AT03721287T patent/ATE390275T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-02-10 JP JP2003569397A patent/JP2005521615A/ja active Pending
- 2003-02-10 DE DE2003619957 patent/DE60319957T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-10 CA CA 2476299 patent/CA2476299C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-02-10 WO PCT/US2003/004005 patent/WO2003070456A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-12-16 US US10/736,796 patent/US7976939B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-05-06 HK HK05103813A patent/HK1072224A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-11-14 US US11/273,785 patent/US20060075704A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2010
- 2010-03-17 JP JP2010061552A patent/JP5249269B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-06-06 US US13/154,148 patent/US8197932B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6964809B2 (en) | 2005-11-15 |
US20040123535A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
US7976939B2 (en) | 2011-07-12 |
DE60319957D1 (de) | 2008-05-08 |
US20030145534A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
US8197932B2 (en) | 2012-06-12 |
US20110236636A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
CN1642730A (zh) | 2005-07-20 |
EP1474290A4 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
ATE390275T1 (de) | 2008-04-15 |
AU2003224611A1 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
WO2003070456A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
EP1923210A2 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
US20060075704A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
JP5249269B2 (ja) | 2013-07-31 |
CA2476299C (en) | 2011-04-26 |
EP1474290B1 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
EP1474290A1 (en) | 2004-11-10 |
CA2476299A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
AU2003224611B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
JP2010174616A (ja) | 2010-08-12 |
DE60319957T2 (de) | 2009-04-16 |
HK1072224A1 (en) | 2005-08-19 |
EP1923210A3 (en) | 2008-06-11 |
MXPA04007759A (es) | 2005-06-17 |
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