US3537220A - Masonry wall brace - Google Patents

Masonry wall brace Download PDF

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US3537220A
US3537220A US826953A US3537220DA US3537220A US 3537220 A US3537220 A US 3537220A US 826953 A US826953 A US 826953A US 3537220D A US3537220D A US 3537220DA US 3537220 A US3537220 A US 3537220A
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wall
brace
rod
tension
forces
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James P Ellis
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/04—Propping of endangered or damaged buildings or building parts, e.g. with respect to air-raid action

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  • the invention relates to the problems discussed in my prior Pat. No. 3,430,397 which issued Mar. 4, 196-9, but distinguishes therefrom in that the present invention is particularly adapted for use in connection with existing brick or tile or concrete block Walls; and/ or other masonry walls which are subjected to lateral bulging forces. Such forces are typically encountered in cellar walls standing against soft or wet ground; and in masonry Wall fabrications which are exposed to strong ⁇ wind pressures, or the like.
  • FIG. l is a vertical sectional view of a concrete block type cellar wall or the like, undergoing a typical inbowing collapse due to external dirt-lill pressures thereagainst;
  • FIG. 2 is a view corresponding to FIG. l but showing the wall restoration result of use of a brace device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2a is a force diagram illustrating the wall restoring forces in action as shown at FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary front elevational view on enlarged scale; taken as suggested by line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary section taken as shown by line 4 4 of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. ⁇ 5 is a fragmentary perspective disassembled view of the essential parts of the device of the invention; relatively arranged for one mode of use thereof;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective vievv showing an alternative mode of use of one of the device components
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary View corresponding to a portion of FIG. 4, but showing the device as employed in a Wall surface submerged mode;
  • FIG. 8 is a fragmentary section taken as suggested by line 8 8 of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a view corresponding to FIG. 8 but showing a modied form of cap member
  • fFIG. 10 is a fragmentary section taken 0n line 10-10 of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective disassembled view of portions of the device of FIG. 10.
  • the invention is illustrated and described in detail hereinafter as being applied to a typical cellar concrete block Wall construction.
  • the invention may be readily applied either to an existing wall 10 or to such a wall during its construction; the wall 10 in either case being illustrated herein to comprise a fabrication of vertically stacked building blocks 12 of the currently popular concrete block type.
  • the blocks 12 may alternatively be of brick, or cut stone, tile, or the like; and either drystacked or cemented together.
  • the cellar floor is illustrated at 14 (FIGS. 3, 4) and the lateral pressure applying earth :fill exteriorly of the wall is illustrated at 16.
  • the brace device of the invention may be constructed to comprise a tension rod member formed of steel or the like; carrying at its upper end a nut 24 and adjacent its lower end an inwardly extending T-shaped shoe comprising a vertical plate 26 and a ilat cap plate portion 28 both of which are adapted to project into crevices chiseled into the lower portion of the Wall 10 (FIGS. 3, 4).
  • the invention also features use of a novel angleshaped beam member such as is designated 30 at FIGS. 3-7, which is dimensioned so as to lie atwise against the upper inner edge of the Wall 10; the angularly disposed sides of the beam 30 operating to stabilize the beam 30 in firmly seated relationship against the top inner edge of the wall.
  • End tab devices 32-32 are welded or other-wise fixed to the beam 30 to extend therefrom upwardly as shown at FIGS. 2-7 to assist in further locking the beam to the wall sill assembly 33 so as to prevent any accidental displacement therefrom.
  • An open socket portion 34 is welded or otherwise formed on the inner side wall of the beam 30 to receive in sliding relation therethrough the upper end of the rod 20.
  • the device is applied against the side of the wall away from the side against which the laterally directed pressures apply (such as from a semi-fluid direct ll or wind loads or the like).
  • the tension forces exerted by the system of the invention are primarly applied as compression forces acting vertically through the inner surface portion of the wall 10, as illustrated diagrammatically by force lines A-A of FIG. 2a.
  • the line of this force is thereby offset from the pivot edge of the buckling Wall, as indicated at P. It is to be understood' that whereas only one such buckle pivot edge is illustrated at FIG. 1 of the -drawing herewith, any other number of such pivot breaks may tend to occur at various elevations in the wall, depending upon the external force conditions.
  • the device of the invention operates to develop outwardly directed horizontal force components such as are indicated at B, which operate to buck the loading such as would otherwise ⁇ cause the wall to buckle, for example as illustrated at FIG. 1.
  • the force components B act to prevent the building blocks from rocking one relative to the other upon their innermost edges, which operate as fulcrum surfaces; whereby the wall is forced to reassume or remain in its intended straight and vertically standing attitude as the case may be, as shown at FIG. 2. It will therefore be understood that the forces exerted by the rod 20 operate to relieve the crushing pressures exerted against the pivot edges of the building blocks and/ or the mortar therebetween;
  • the sill 33 at the top of the wall and the footing and floor at the bottom of the wall cooperate to hold the top and bottom sections of the wall in place.
  • the bar actually operates to transmit the external pressure load's into the top sill framework and into the bottom footing and oor; while preventing the external pressures from Abuckling the wall.
  • the lower courses of the building blocks are under progressively greater vertical loads due to the pyramidal weight load distributions through the upper courses of blocks downwardly; the lowermost blocks ⁇ are better held against inward displacement, while the device of the invention braces the upper and intermediate courses of blocks against inward buckling and/ or shearing.
  • the devices of the invention also operate to prevent (or correct) any localized buckling of the structure at different points along the wall.
  • the device of the invention is adapted to apply to a wall structure a combination of force effects including substantial components tending to bow the wall outwardly at whatever vertical section of the wall forces exist externally of the wall such as would otherwise operate to bow the wall inwardly.
  • FIGS. 6, 7, 8, illustrate a a modification of the invention wherein the beam member to which the upper end of the tension rod 20 is applied is constructed to include a hole through which the rod 20 slide-lits while lying in a groove cut into the inner face of the wall 10.
  • the inner surface of the wall may then be plastered or the like as indicated at 40, so as to cover the rod 20 and provide a smooth interior wall surface.
  • FIGS. 9, 10, 11, illustrates still another modification of the invention wherein a beam member as shown at 44 is provided with a centrally located hole through which the tension rod 20 slide fits for holding connection .with its nut 24. Adjacen its opposite ends the beam 44 is slotted as indicated at 46-46 to receive in slide-fitted relation therein the end blade portions 48 of a pair of U-shaped hooks Sit- 50; the opposite ends 52-52 of the hooks being bent to extend down into the building block interiors so as to firmly anchor the device against any accidental dislodgements.
  • the hooks 50 are each provided with pressure pads 54 (FIGS. 10, 11), and to permit the device to easily float into optimum pressure bearing relation against the top surface of the building block, the pressure pads are not welded or in anywise rigidly fixed to the top portions of the hook members.
  • the pressure pad is freely rotatable upon the upper horizontal section of the hook 50, whereby when the device is applied upon a building wall, the pressure pad 54 easily oats into flat bearing relation against the top of the block surface, regardless of any dimensional irregularities therein and/ or other parts comprising the device ofthe invention.
  • a lock pin is provided with each hook member S0 so that after the shank portion 48 of the hook is slip-'fitted through the slot 46 of the beam member 44,7the pin 58 may then be slip-tted through a suitably apertured portion of the hook blade y48 at a position just below the bottom ange of the beam member.
  • the hook devices is rmly locked to the beam member and tension forces transmitted therethrough upon rotation of the nut 24 transmit through the hooks 50 and down against the top portion of the building wall in uniformly applied pressure relation against all portions-of the beam member.
  • the rod 20 will of course be free to rotate relative to the beam so as to accommodate any twisting adjustments such as may be required between the upper and lower ends of the device because of wall irregularities or the like.
  • said unit including a tension member having at one end a shoe device for hooking engagement into the lower portion of a masonry wall, and having at its other end a screw threaded rod portion,
  • a beam member adapted to spanl the inner top edge portion only of a course of blocks along the top of the wall, said beam member being of right-angle sectional form and having an apertured portion adapted for slide-fitting accommodation of said threaded rod portion,
  • said shoe device being T-shaped and comprising, in
  • said shoe device may be set into complementing vertically and horizontally grooved portions of the lowermost course of blocks comprising the building wall so as to anchor the lower end of said tension member to the inner bottom portion of the wall and to its footing, while said tension member is disposed to lie vertically along the inner surface of the building wall with said beam disposed to lie rupon the upper inner edge portion of the wall, whereby said nut may be turned to apply between said shoe device and said beam member compression forces acting vertically through the inner surface portions of the intervening wall blocks in opposition to forces from externally of the wall tending to bulge the wall inwardly while fulcruming adjacent blocks Vto relatively pivot upon their outer edge portions.

Description

Nov 3. 1970 J. P. ELLIS 3,531,220
MASONRY WALL BRACE Filed May 22, 1969 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 J. P. ELLIS MASONRY WALL BRACE Nov. 3, 1970 1 2 sheets-sheet 2 Filed llay 22, 1969 LEF INVENT OR. JAMES R ELL/5 ATTORNEYS l United States Patent O 3,537,220 MASONRY WALL BRACE James P. Ellis, 1381 Blakely Road, East Aurora, N Y. 14052 Filed May 22, 1969, Ser. No. 826,953 Int. Cl. E04c 3/10, 3/22; E02d 27/00 U.S. Cl. 52-225 5 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An improved device adapted to be applied against the inside face of a masonary wall experiencing inwardly bowing forces applied thereagainst; said device comprising a strut member having improved forms of hook means at its opposite ends for hooking said device against a masonry wall to apply compression thereagainst, resulting in force vector components tending to bow the wall outwardly against the forces applied thereto from outside of the wall.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the problems discussed in my prior Pat. No. 3,430,397 which issued Mar. 4, 196-9, but distinguishes therefrom in that the present invention is particularly adapted for use in connection with existing brick or tile or concrete block Walls; and/ or other masonry walls which are subjected to lateral bulging forces. Such forces are typically encountered in cellar walls standing against soft or wet ground; and in masonry Wall fabrications which are exposed to strong `wind pressures, or the like.
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a structurally simple and improved brace device for brick or block walls or the like, which may be easily applied thereto (either subsequent to construction or during its construction) and which will effectively brace the Wall against lateral bulging and/or collapse.
Another object is to provide an improved brace device as aforesaid which compactly nests against the wall and involves no substantial protuberances into the space outlined by the wall structure, per se.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following specilication and the accompanying drawing, wherein:
THE DRAWING FIG. l is a vertical sectional view of a concrete block type cellar wall or the like, undergoing a typical inbowing collapse due to external dirt-lill pressures thereagainst;
FIG. 2 is a view corresponding to FIG. l but showing the wall restoration result of use of a brace device of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a force diagram illustrating the wall restoring forces in action as shown at FIG. 2;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary front elevational view on enlarged scale; taken as suggested by line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary section taken as shown by line 4 4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. `5 is a fragmentary perspective disassembled view of the essential parts of the device of the invention; relatively arranged for one mode of use thereof;
FIG. 6 is a perspective vievv showing an alternative mode of use of one of the device components;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary View corresponding to a portion of FIG. 4, but showing the device as employed in a Wall surface submerged mode;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary section taken as suggested by line 8 8 of FIG. 7;
Patented Nov. 3, 1970 ICC FIG. 9 is a view corresponding to FIG. 8 but showing a modied form of cap member;
fFIG. 10 is a fragmentary section taken 0n line 10-10 of FIG. 9; and
FIG. 11 is a perspective disassembled view of portions of the device of FIG. 10.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION By way of example, the invention is illustrated and described in detail hereinafter as being applied to a typical cellar concrete block Wall construction. The invention may be readily applied either to an existing wall 10 or to such a wall during its construction; the wall 10 in either case being illustrated herein to comprise a fabrication of vertically stacked building blocks 12 of the currently popular concrete block type. However, it is to be understood that the blocks 12 may alternatively be of brick, or cut stone, tile, or the like; and either drystacked or cemented together. The cellar floor is illustrated at 14 (FIGS. 3, 4) and the lateral pressure applying earth :fill exteriorly of the wall is illustrated at 16.
As shown generally at 20, the brace device of the invention may be constructed to comprise a tension rod member formed of steel or the like; carrying at its upper end a nut 24 and adjacent its lower end an inwardly extending T-shaped shoe comprising a vertical plate 26 and a ilat cap plate portion 28 both of which are adapted to project into crevices chiseled into the lower portion of the Wall 10 (FIGS. 3, 4).
The invention also features use of a novel angleshaped beam member such as is designated 30 at FIGS. 3-7, which is dimensioned so as to lie atwise against the upper inner edge of the Wall 10; the angularly disposed sides of the beam 30 operating to stabilize the beam 30 in firmly seated relationship against the top inner edge of the wall. End tab devices 32-32 are welded or other-wise fixed to the beam 30 to extend therefrom upwardly as shown at FIGS. 2-7 to assist in further locking the beam to the wall sill assembly 33 so as to prevent any accidental displacement therefrom.
An open socket portion 34 is welded or otherwise formed on the inner side wall of the beam 30 to receive in sliding relation therethrough the upper end of the rod 20. Thus, as shown herein, and particularly by reference to FIGS. 3, 4, of the drawing herewith, when the brace device of the invention is applied to a wall structure with the shoe parts 26, 28 engaged into appropriately chiseled crevices in the lower inner part of the wall, and with the beam 30 locked against the upper inner edge of the wall by means of the nut 24, the tension adjustment nut 24 may then be actuated to apply to the system an;r desired degree of tensioning. This tension adjustment may of course be effected simply by applying a Wrench to the nut, whereby the tension forces applied by the system are readily regulated to suit the requirements of any situation.
The device is applied against the side of the wall away from the side against which the laterally directed pressures apply (such as from a semi-fluid direct ll or wind loads or the like). By virtue of this arrangement the tension forces exerted by the system of the invention are primarly applied as compression forces acting vertically through the inner surface portion of the wall 10, as illustrated diagrammatically by force lines A-A of FIG. 2a. The line of this force is thereby offset from the pivot edge of the buckling Wall, as indicated at P. It is to be understood' that whereas only one such buckle pivot edge is illustrated at FIG. 1 of the -drawing herewith, any other number of such pivot breaks may tend to occur at various elevations in the wall, depending upon the external force conditions. In any case the device of the invention operates to develop outwardly directed horizontal force components such as are indicated at B, which operate to buck the loading such as would otherwise `cause the wall to buckle, for example as illustrated at FIG. 1. The force components B act to prevent the building blocks from rocking one relative to the other upon their innermost edges, which operate as fulcrum surfaces; whereby the wall is forced to reassume or remain in its intended straight and vertically standing attitude as the case may be, as shown at FIG. 2. It will therefore be understood that the forces exerted by the rod 20 operate to relieve the crushing pressures exerted against the pivot edges of the building blocks and/ or the mortar therebetween;
54 are simply assembled on the hooks by means of spring ngers 56-56 which are rigidly xed at their outer ends thereby establishing an overall uniform loading pattern ,n
throughout the wall structure.
The sill 33 at the top of the wall and the footing and floor at the bottom of the wall cooperate to hold the top and bottom sections of the wall in place. Thus, the bar actually operates to transmit the external pressure load's into the top sill framework and into the bottom footing and oor; while preventing the external pressures from Abuckling the wall. Furthermore, it should be noted that whereas the lower courses of the building blocks are under progressively greater vertical loads due to the pyramidal weight load distributions through the upper courses of blocks downwardly; the lowermost blocks `are better held against inward displacement, while the device of the invention braces the upper and intermediate courses of blocks against inward buckling and/ or shearing. In View of this pyramidal loading pattern, progressively downwardly throughout the structure, the devices of the invention also operate to prevent (or correct) any localized buckling of the structure at different points along the wall.
It is another feature of the invention that when tension is applied to the rod 20, this tends to bow the rod so as to deect the bottom edge of the shoe plate 26 downwardly and inwardly; thereby causing the plate 26 to ram into the footer and the rod 20 to lbear into the floor slab. This action provides an improved anchorage of the bottom portion of the device to the footing and floor slab, and' also causes the shoe plate portion 28 to exert forces outwardly against the wall at that level in opposition to the pressures from externally of the wall. Thus, it will be seen that the device of the invention is adapted to apply to a wall structure a combination of force effects including substantial components tending to bow the wall outwardly at whatever vertical section of the wall forces exist externally of the wall such as would otherwise operate to bow the wall inwardly.
FIGS. 6, 7, 8, illustrate a a modification of the invention wherein the beam member to which the upper end of the tension rod 20 is applied is constructed to include a hole through which the rod 20 slide-lits while lying in a groove cut into the inner face of the wall 10. The inner surface of the wall may then be plastered or the like as indicated at 40, so as to cover the rod 20 and provide a smooth interior wall surface.
FIGS. 9, 10, 11, illustrates still another modification of the invention wherein a beam member as shown at 44 is provided with a centrally located hole through which the tension rod 20 slide fits for holding connection .with its nut 24. Adjacen its opposite ends the beam 44 is slotted as indicated at 46-46 to receive in slide-fitted relation therein the end blade portions 48 of a pair of U-shaped hooks Sit- 50; the opposite ends 52-52 of the hooks being bent to extend down into the building block interiors so as to firmly anchor the device against any accidental dislodgements.
To re-enforce the top edge of the building block upon which the device is anchored, the hooks 50 are each provided with pressure pads 54 (FIGS. 10, 11), and to permit the device to easily float into optimum pressure bearing relation against the top surface of the building block, the pressure pads are not welded or in anywise rigidly fixed to the top portions of the hook members. The pads to the pressure plates and extend therefrom in the manner of leaf springs into bearing relation at their free'ends against the top section of'the hook. Thus, the pressure pad is freely rotatable upon the upper horizontal section of the hook 50, whereby when the device is applied upon a building wall, the pressure pad 54 easily oats into flat bearing relation against the top of the block surface, regardless of any dimensional irregularities therein and/ or other parts comprising the device ofthe invention.
As indicated at 58 a lock pin is provided with each hook member S0 so that after the shank portion 48 of the hook is slip-'fitted through the slot 46 of the beam member 44,7the pin 58 may then be slip-tted through a suitably apertured portion of the hook blade y48 at a position just below the bottom ange of the beam member. Thus, the hook devices is rmly locked to the beam member and tension forces transmitted therethrough upon rotation of the nut 24 transmit through the hooks 50 and down against the top portion of the building wall in uniformly applied pressure relation against all portions-of the beam member. Also, the rod 20 will of course be free to rotate relative to the beam so as to accommodate any twisting adjustments such as may be required between the upper and lower ends of the device because of wall irregularities or the like.
I claim:
1. A wall brace unit adapted to be mounted against one side of a building masonry wall,
said unit including a tension member having at one end a shoe device for hooking engagement into the lower portion of a masonry wall, and having at its other end a screw threaded rod portion,
a beam member adapted to spanl the inner top edge portion only of a course of blocks along the top of the wall, said beam member being of right-angle sectional form and having an apertured portion adapted for slide-fitting accommodation of said threaded rod portion,
a threaded nut engaging said rod `portion whereby to maintain said beam member in positionally adjustable assembled relation on said tension member,
said shoe device being T-shaped and comprising, in
combination, a vertically standing plate portion edgewise xed to and extending rearwardly from the bottom end portion of said tension member and a horizontally disposed cap plate portion xed to the top end of said vertically standing plate portion,
whereby said shoe device may be set into complementing vertically and horizontally grooved portions of the lowermost course of blocks comprising the building wall so as to anchor the lower end of said tension member to the inner bottom portion of the wall and to its footing, while said tension member is disposed to lie vertically along the inner surface of the building wall with said beam disposed to lie rupon the upper inner edge portion of the wall, whereby said nut may be turned to apply between said shoe device and said beam member compression forces acting vertically through the inner surface portions of the intervening wall blocks in opposition to forces from externally of the wall tending to bulge the wall inwardly while fulcruming adjacent blocks Vto relatively pivot upon their outer edge portions.
2. A wall brace unit as set forth in claim 1, wherein said tension member comprises a steel rod.
3. A wall brace unit as set forth in claim 1, wherein said beam member apertured portion is so provided that said beam member may be alternatively employed in different attitudes relative to said tension member.
4. A wall brace unit as set Iforth in claim 1, wherein said lbeam member carries hook means adapted to overhang the top inner edge portion only` of a building block wall.
f 6 5. A wall brace unit as set forth in claim 4, wherein 3,074,239 1/ 1963 Mustard 248--230 said hook means carry pressure pad devices in freely 3,112,578 12/ 1963 Rosenfeld 52--228 X pivotable relation thereon. 3,430,397 3/ 1969 Ellis 52-227 3,439,465 4/1969 DuPre 52-584 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 ALFRED C. PERHAM, Primary Examiner 468,132 2/1892 DeteriCh 52-227 U.S CL X.R
2,102,447 12/ 1937 Whitacre 52-228 52 227 293 59g 2,716,864 9/1955 Hacker 52-225 x
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US4192718A (en) * 1976-07-01 1980-03-11 Nikolai Janakiev Burst-protected steel pressure vessel with double protection in radial as well as axial direction
US4269004A (en) * 1977-08-15 1981-05-26 Schiebroek Cornelis J M Explosion-proof building
US4353194A (en) * 1980-09-19 1982-10-12 Norton Willard S Method of straightening and reinforcing structural members
US4452028A (en) * 1980-09-19 1984-06-05 Willard S. Norton Structure and method for reinforcing a wall
US4563852A (en) * 1984-12-21 1986-01-14 Irving Achtenberg Method of reinforcing concrete block foundation walls
US4706428A (en) * 1986-10-17 1987-11-17 Mccoy Donald M Apparatus for reinforcing a concrete block wall
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US6431797B2 (en) * 1999-06-14 2002-08-13 Pyramid Retaining Walls, Llc Masonry retainer wall system and method
US6632048B2 (en) 1999-06-14 2003-10-14 Pyramid Retaining Walls, Llc Masonry retainer wall system and method
US6655107B2 (en) 1999-09-16 2003-12-02 Christopher J. Dean Method for reinforcing hollow concrete block walls
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US20080110114A1 (en) * 2006-11-10 2008-05-15 Lane Jody B Building foundation
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US7695560B1 (en) 2005-12-01 2010-04-13 Buarque De Macedo Pedro M Strong, lower density composite concrete building material with foam glass aggregate
US7735268B1 (en) * 2004-10-28 2010-06-15 Engineered Foundation Products, LLC Wall restraint system
US7774995B1 (en) * 2004-10-28 2010-08-17 Engineered Foundation Products, LLC Wall restraint system
US20100319289A1 (en) * 2009-02-23 2010-12-23 Paul Hargest Reinforcing shape member for a wall and system for construction using same
US20120180412A1 (en) * 2011-01-13 2012-07-19 Robert Luke Secrest Carbon fiber wall reinforcement system and a method for its use
US9422734B1 (en) 2015-11-04 2016-08-23 Power Brace, LLC System and method for straightening and/or supporting a wall
US9909278B2 (en) 2016-02-26 2018-03-06 Nationwide Reinforcing, Ltd. Concrete wall stabilizing apparatus and method
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US10612254B2 (en) 2017-02-28 2020-04-07 Supportworks, Inc. Systems and methods for wall support and/or straightening
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Cited By (55)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4192718A (en) * 1976-07-01 1980-03-11 Nikolai Janakiev Burst-protected steel pressure vessel with double protection in radial as well as axial direction
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