JP2005348559A - 動力出力装置およびこれを搭載するハイブリッド車並びに動力出力装置の制御方法 - Google Patents
動力出力装置およびこれを搭載するハイブリッド車並びに動力出力装置の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005348559A JP2005348559A JP2004167432A JP2004167432A JP2005348559A JP 2005348559 A JP2005348559 A JP 2005348559A JP 2004167432 A JP2004167432 A JP 2004167432A JP 2004167432 A JP2004167432 A JP 2004167432A JP 2005348559 A JP2005348559 A JP 2005348559A
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- F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
- F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
- F16H2037/0873—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft with switching, e.g. to change ranges
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
- Y10S903/905—Combustion engine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
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Abstract
【解決手段】 エンジンが運転されているときには、エンジンが運転されていないときに入出力制限Swin,Swoutに設定されるバッテリの状態に応じた基本入出力制限Bwin,Bwout(S310,S370)より制限の厳しい要求パワーP*に基づいて設定された要求パワー対応入力制限Wp*(S400)やアクセル開度Accに基づいて設定されたアクセル開度対応出力制限Wacc(S410)をバッテリの入出力制限Swin,Swoutとして設定する(S420)。これにより、基本入出力制限Bwin,Bwoutの範囲内ではあるが比較的大きな電力によるバッテリの頻繁な充放電を抑制することができ、比較的大きな電力による頻繁な充放電に伴うバッテリの劣化を抑制することができる。
【選択図】 図4
Description
駆動軸に動力を出力する動力出力装置であって、
内燃機関と、
該内燃機関からの動力の少なくとも一部を電力に変換可能な電力変換手段と、
前記駆動軸に動力を出力可能な電動機と、
前記電力変換手段および前記電動機と電力のやりとりが可能な蓄電手段と、
前記内燃機関の運転の有無に基づいて前記蓄電手段に入出力可能な許容電力範囲の上下限としての入出力限制限の少なくとも一方を設定する入出力制限設定手段と、
前記駆動軸に要求される要求動力を設定する要求動力設定手段と、
前記設定された入出力制限の範囲内で前記設定された要求動力に基づく動力が前記駆動軸に出力されるよう前記内燃機関と前記電力変換手段と前記電動機とを制御する制御手段と、
を備えることを要旨とする。
力するから、内燃機関の運転の有無に応じて蓄電手段の入出力制限を設定しないものに比して、蓄電手段の充放電をより適正なものとすることができる。この結果、蓄電手段の劣化を抑制することができる。もとより、要求動力に基づく動力を駆動軸に出力することができる。
内燃機関と、該内燃機関からの動力の少なくとも一部を電力に変換可能な電力変換手段と、駆動軸に動力を出力可能な電動機と、前記電力変換手段および前記電動機と電力のやりとりが可能な蓄電手段と、を備える動力出力装置の制御方法であって、
(a)前記内燃機関の運転の有無に基づいて前記蓄電手段に入出力可能な許容電力範囲の上下限としての入出力限制限の少なくとも一方を設定し、
(b)前記駆動軸に要求される要求動力を設定し、
(c)前記設定した入出力制限の範囲内で前記設定した要求動力に基づく動力が前記駆動軸に出力されるよう前記内燃機関と前記電力変換手段と前記電動機とを制御する
ことを要旨とする。
MG1が電動機として機能するときにはキャリア34から入力されるエンジン22からの動力とサンギヤ31から入力されるモータMG1からの動力を統合してリングギヤ32に出力する。リングギヤ32は、ギヤ機構37およびデファレンシャルギヤ38を介して車両前輪の駆動輪39a,39bに機械的に接続されている。したがって、リングギヤ32に出力された動力は、ギヤ機構37およびデファレンシャルギヤ38を介して駆動輪39a,39bに出力されることになる。なお、駆動系として見たときの動力分配統合機構30に接続される3軸は、キャリア34に接続されたエンジン22の出力軸であるクランクシャフト26,サンギヤ31に接続されモータMG1の回転軸となるサンギヤ軸31aおよびリングギヤ32に接続されると共に駆動輪39a,39bに機械的に接続された駆動軸としてのリングギヤ軸32aとなる。
機構60bとは、リングギヤ62とリングギヤ66、キャリア64とキャリア68とによりそれぞれ連結されている。変速機60は、ブレーキB1,B2を共にオフとすることによりモータMG2の回転軸48をリングギヤ軸32aから切り離すことができ、ブレーキB1をオフとすると共にブレーキB2をオンとしてモータMG2の回転軸48の回転を比較的大きな減速比で減速してリングギヤ軸32aに伝達し(以下、この状態をLoギヤの状態という)、ブレーキB1をオンとすると共にブレーキB2をオフ状態としてモータMG2の回転軸48の回転を比較的小さな減速比で減速してリングギヤ軸32aに伝達する(以下、この状態をHiギヤの状態という)。なお、ブレーキB1,B2を共にオンとする状態は回転軸48やリングギヤ軸32aの回転を禁止するものとなる。
MG2からの要求動力に見合う動力をリングギヤ軸32aに出力するよう運転制御するモータ運転モードなどがある。
ルクTe*は、動作ラインと要求パワーPe*(Ne*×Te*)が一定の曲線との交点により求めることができる。
Tm1*=前回Tm1*+k1(Nm1*−Nm1)+k2∫(Nm1*−Nm1)dt …(2)
Tmax=(Wout−Tm1*・Nm1)/Nm2 …(4)
Tm2tmp=(Tr*+Tm1*/ρ)/Gr …(5)
の状態となると共に変速ショックが生じないようモータMG2から出力するトルクが正側で値0近傍となるように変速線を設定した。また、モータMG2についてはその上限回転数以下で駆動する必要があるため、車速Vがこの上限回転数より若干低い回転数に相当する車速Vhi以上のときには、要求トルクTr*に拘わらず、変速機60はHiギヤ状態とするものとした。
Nm2*=Nm2・Glo/Ghi (7)
*に共に共に値0を設定すると共に(ステップS150)、モータMG1のトルク指令Tm1*に値0を設定し(ステップS160)、モータMG2のトルク指令Tm2*を設定し(ステップS170〜S190)、変速機60のギヤの状態の切替判定を行なって(ステップS200〜S220)、設定したエンジン22の目標回転数Ne*や目標トルクTe*,モータMG1,MG2のトルク指令Tm1*,Tm2*をエンジンECU24およびモータECU40に送信して(ステップS230)、駆動制御ルーチンを終了する。値0の目標回転数Ne*と目標トルクTe*とを受信したエンジンECU24は、エンジン22の運転を停止する。
エンジン22が運転されていないときやエンジン22は運転されているが始動時から所定時間経過していないときには、モータMG2からの動力だけで走行する必要から、モータMG2に電力を供給するバッテリ50の入出力制限を可能な限り広い範囲とする必要があるからである。また、ブレーキがオンのときにはモータMG2の回生制御による電力によりバッテリ50を充電し、運動エネルギの多くを回収する必要があるからである。排気浄化装置23bの触媒の暖機が完了していないときは、エミッションの悪化を抑制した状態ではエンジン22から大きな動力を得ることができず、モータMG2からの動力を多く用いて走行する必要があるからである。変速機60のギヤの状態を切り替えているときは、必要に応じてモータMG1やモータMG2を駆動する必要があるからである。また、エンジン22を始動している最中のときには出力制限Swoutに一時持ち出し用の値B1を加えた値に修正するのは、エンジン22の始動時に一時的に大きな電力が必要になる場合があり、短時間であればバッテリ50から基本出力制限Bwoutを超える電力を持ち出してもバッテリ50を急激に劣化させることがないことに基づく。
なる。したがって、エンジン22が運転されているときには、基本的には、基本入力制限Bwinより大きな温度維持入力電力Wc1と基本出力制限Bwoutより小さな温度維持出力電力Wc2とが入出力制限Swin,Swoutに設定され、バッテリ50の入出力制限がエンジン22が運転されていないときに比して厳しく制限されることになる。このように入出力制限Swin,Swoutを設定するのは、基本的には車両に必要なパワー(要求パワーP*)についてはエンジン22からのパワーによって賄い、バッテリ50の入出力をエンジン22の応答遅れに対してモータMG2からパワーを出力するのに必要な程度に制限することにより、バッテリ50の温度維持入力電力Wc1や温度維持出力電力Wc2を超える電力による頻繁な充放電を抑制し、バッテリ50の劣化を抑制するためである。なお、要求パワーP*が負の値のときには運動エネルギのより多くを電気エネルギとして回収するために入力制限Swinを小さくし、アクセル開度Accが中間開度A1%を超えるときには運転者の意志を反映させるために出力制限Swoutを大きくすることにより、バッテリ50の劣化の抑制とエネルギ効率の向上と運転者の意志の反映とを図っている。
否かに拘わらず、運転者が要求する要求パワーP*に基づくパワーを駆動軸としてのリングギヤ軸32aに出力して走行することができる。
クランクシャフト、28 ダンパ、30 動力分配統合機構、31 サンギヤ、31a
サンギヤ軸、32 リングギヤ、32a リングギヤ軸、33 ピニオンギヤ、34 キャリア、37 ギヤ機構、38 デファレンシャルギヤ、39a,39b,39c,39d 駆動輪、40 モータ用電子制御ユニット(モータECU)、41,42 インバータ、43,44 回転位置検出センサ、48 回転軸、50 バッテリ、51 温度センサ、52 バッテリ用電子制御ユニット(バッテリECU)、54 電力ライン、60
変速機、60a ダブルピニオンの遊星歯車機構、60b シングルピニオンの遊星歯車機構、61,65 サンギヤ、62,66 リングギヤ、63a 第1ピニオンギヤ、63b 第2ピニオンギヤ、64,68 キャリア、67 ピニオンギヤ、70 ハイブリッド用電子制御ユニット、72 CPU、74 ROM、76 RAM、80 イグニッションスイッチ、81 シフトレバー、82 シフトポジションセンサ、83 アクセルペダル、84 アクセルペダルポジションセンサ、85 ブレーキペダル、86 ブレーキペダルポジションセンサ、88 車速センサ、230 対ロータ電動機、232 インナーロータ 234 アウターロータ、MG1,MG2 モータ、B1,B2 ブレーキ。
Claims (18)
- 駆動軸に動力を出力する動力出力装置であって、
内燃機関と、
該内燃機関からの動力の少なくとも一部を電力に変換可能な電力変換手段と、
前記駆動軸に動力を出力可能な電動機と、
前記電力変換手段および前記電動機と電力のやりとりが可能な蓄電手段と、
前記内燃機関の運転の有無に基づいて前記蓄電手段に入出力可能な許容電力範囲の上下限としての入出力限制限の少なくとも一方を設定する入出力制限設定手段と、
前記駆動軸に要求される要求動力を設定する要求動力設定手段と、
前記設定された入出力制限の範囲内で前記設定された要求動力に基づく動力が前記駆動軸に出力されるよう前記内燃機関と前記電力変換手段と前記電動機とを制御する制御手段と、
を備える動力出力装置。 - 前記入出力制限設定手段は、前記内燃機関が運転されていないときに比して該内燃機関が運転されているときの方が前記許容電力範囲が狭くなるよう入出力制限を設定する手段である請求項1記載の動力出力装置。
- 前記入出力制限設定手段は、前記内燃機関が運転されていないときには前記蓄電手段の状態に基づいて入出力制限を設定し、前記内燃機関が運転されているときには前記蓄電手段を連続して充放電したときに該蓄電手段が許容温度範囲内の所定温度以下となるよう入出力制限を設定する手段である請求項2記載の動力出力装置。
- 前記入出力制限設定手段は、前記内燃機関を始動したときには始動時から所定時間経過するまでは前記内燃機関が運転されていないものとして入出力制限を設定する手段である請求項1ないし3いずれか記載の動力出力装置。
- 前記入出力制限設定手段は、前記内燃機関が運転されている最中に前記駆動軸を制動する際には前記内燃機関が運転されていないものとして入出力制限を設定する手段である請求項1ないし4いずれか記載の動力出力装置。
- 前記入出力制限設定手段は、前記内燃機関が運転されている最中に前記駆動軸を制動する際には該駆動軸の制動状態に基づいて入出力制限を設定する手段である請求項1ないし4いずれか記載の動力出力装置。
- 前記入出力制限設定手段は、前記内燃機関が運転されている最中に前記内燃機関の排気浄化装置を暖機しているときには該内燃機関が運転されていないものとして入出力制限を設定する手段である請求項1ないし6いずれか記載の動力出力装置。
- 請求項1ないし7いずれか記載の動力出力装置であって、
操作者のアクセル操作を検出するアクセル操作検出手段を備え、
前記要求動力設定手段は、前記アクセル操作検出手段により検出されたアクセル操作に基づいて要求動力を設定する手段であり、
前記入出力制限設定手段は、前記内燃機関が運転されている最中に前記アクセル操作検出手段により検出されたアクセル操作が所定操作以上のときには該検出されたアクセル操作に基づいて入出力制限を設定する手段である
動力出力装置。 - 前記入出力制限設定手段は、前記検出されたアクセル操作が大きいほど前記許容電力範
囲が広くなる傾向に入出力制限を設定する手段である請求項8記載の動力出力装置。 - 前記入出力制限設定手段は、前記内燃機関が運転されているときには前記設定された要求動力が大きいほど前記許容電力範囲が広くなるよう入出力制限を設定する手段である請求項1ないし9いずれか記載の動力出力装置。
- 前記入出力制限設定手段は、前記許容電力範囲が狭くなるよう入出力制限を設定する際には該許容電力範囲の時間変化が滑らかになるよう入出力制限を設定する手段である請求項1ないし10いずれか記載の動力出力装置。
- 請求項1ないし11いずれか記載の動力出力装置において、
前記電動機の回転軸と前記駆動軸とに接続されて該電動機の回転軸の動力を変更可能な変速比をもって前記駆動軸に伝達する変速手段を備え、
前記入出力制限設定手段は、前記内燃機関が運転されている最中に前記変速手段の変速比を変更する際には、前記内燃機関が運転されていないものとして入出力制限を設定する手段である
動力出力装置。 - 前記電力変換手段は、前記内燃機関の出力軸と前記駆動軸とに接続され、電力と動力の入出力を伴って前記内燃機関からの動力の少なくとも一部を前記駆動軸に出力可能な手段である請求項1ないし12いずれか記載の動力出力装置。
- 前記電力変換手段は、前記内燃機関の出力軸と前記駆動軸と回転軸の3軸に接続され該3軸のうちのいずれか2軸に入出力される動力に基づいて残余の軸に動力を入出力する3軸式動力入出力手段と、前記回転軸に動力を入出力可能な発電機と、を備える手段である請求項13記載の動力出力装置。
- 前記電力変換手段は、前記内燃機関の出力軸に接続された第1の回転子と前記駆動軸に接続された第2の回転子とを有し、該第1の回転子と該第2の回転子との相対的な回転により回転する対回転子電動機である請求項13記載の動力出力装置。
- 請求項1ないし15いずれか記載の動力出力装置を搭載し、車軸が前記駆動軸に連結されてなるハイブリッド車。
- 内燃機関と、該内燃機関からの動力の少なくとも一部を電力に変換可能な電力変換手段と、駆動軸に動力を出力可能な電動機と、前記電力変換手段および前記電動機と電力のやりとりが可能な蓄電手段と、を備える動力出力装置の制御方法であって、
(a)前記内燃機関の運転の有無に基づいて前記蓄電手段に入出力可能な許容電力範囲の上下限としての入出力限制限の少なくとも一方を設定し、
(b)前記駆動軸に要求される要求動力を設定し、
(c)前記設定した入出力制限の範囲内で前記設定した要求動力に基づく動力が前記駆動軸に出力されるよう前記内燃機関と前記電力変換手段と前記電動機とを制御する
動力出力装置の制御方法。 - 前記ステップ(a)は、前記内燃機関が運転されていないときに比して該内燃機関が運転されているときの方が前記許容電力範囲が狭くなるよう入出力制限を設定するステップである請求項17記載の動力出力装置の制御方法。
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DE112005001279T DE112005001279B4 (de) | 2004-06-04 | 2005-06-03 | Leistungsabgabevorrichtung und mit derselben ausgerüstetes Hybridfahrzeug |
PCT/JP2005/010626 WO2005118322A1 (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2005-06-03 | Power output apparatus and hybrid vehicle equipped with the same |
CN200580018061A CN100592990C (zh) | 2004-06-04 | 2005-06-03 | 动力输出装置及其控制方法和装备有该装置的混合动力车辆 |
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US8136617B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 |
WO2005118322A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
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DE112005001279B4 (de) | 2012-02-16 |
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