JP2005248038A - 冷凍機油組成物 - Google Patents
冷凍機油組成物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2005248038A JP2005248038A JP2004061240A JP2004061240A JP2005248038A JP 2005248038 A JP2005248038 A JP 2005248038A JP 2004061240 A JP2004061240 A JP 2004061240A JP 2004061240 A JP2004061240 A JP 2004061240A JP 2005248038 A JP2005248038 A JP 2005248038A
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- branched
- group
- linear
- ester
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- -1 polyol ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 abstract description 41
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- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 48
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 47
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 47
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 47
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 47
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- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexanoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- HUPQYPMULVBQDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O.CCCCC(O)=O HUPQYPMULVBQDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 description 6
- UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)F UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WMYINDVYGQKYMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butoxymethyl]-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CC)(CO)CO WMYINDVYGQKYMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valeric acid Natural products CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- ISYWECDDZWTKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ISYWECDDZWTKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical group OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 5
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ARXKVVRQIIOZGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-butanetriol Chemical compound OCCC(O)CO ARXKVVRQIIOZGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- BTVWZWFKMIUSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)CO BTVWZWFKMIUSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
【解決手段】 基油としてのポリオールエステルと、ホスフォロチオネートと、ホスフォロチオネート以外のリン系添加剤と、グリシジルエステル型エポキシ化合物と、を含有することを特徴とする冷凍機油組成物。
【選択図】 なし
Description
本発明の冷凍機油組成物は、ポリオールエステルを基油として含有する。ポリオールエステルとしては、ジオールあるいは水酸基を3〜20個有するポリオールと、炭素数6〜20の脂肪酸とのエステルが好ましく用いられる。
本発明の冷凍機油組成物に含まれるホスフォロチオネートとしては、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物が好ましく用いられる。
本発明の冷凍機油組成物は、上記ホスフォロチオネート以外のリン系添加剤を更に含有する。かかるリン系添加剤としては、リン酸エステル、酸性リン酸エステル、酸性リン酸エステルのアミン塩、塩素化リン酸エステル及び亜リン酸エステルからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種のリン化合物が好ましい。これらのリン化合物は、リン酸又は亜リン酸とアルカノール、ポリエーテル型アルコールとのエステルあるいはその誘導体である。
酸性リン酸エステルとしては、モノブチルアシッドホスフェート、モノペンチルアシッドホスフェート、モノヘキシルアシッドホスフェート、モノヘプチルアシッドホスフェート、モノオクチルアシッドホスフェート、モノノニルアシッドホスフェート、モノデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノウンデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノドデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノトリデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノテトラデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノペンタデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノヘキサデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノヘプタデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノオクタデシルアシッドホスフェート、モノオレイルアシッドホスフェート、ジブチルアシッドホスフェート、ジペンチルアシッドホスフェート、ジヘキシルアシッドホスフェート、ジヘプチルアシッドホスフェート、ジオクチルアシッドホスフェート、ジノニルアシッドホスフェート、ジデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジウンデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジドデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジトリデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジテトラデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジペンタデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジヘキサデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジヘプタデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジオクタデシルアシッドホスフェート、ジオレイルアシッドホスフェート等;
酸性リン酸エステルのアミン塩としては、前記酸性リン酸エステルのメチルアミン、エチルアミン、プロピルアミン、ブチルアミン、ペンチルアミン、ヘキシルアミン、ヘプチルアミン、オクチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、ジプロピルアミン、ジブチルアミン、ジペンチルアミン、ジヘキシルアミン、ジヘプチルアミン、ジオクチルアミン、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリプロピルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリペンチルアミン、トリヘキシルアミン、トリヘプチルアミン、トリオクチルアミン等のアミンとの塩等;
塩素化リン酸エステルとしては、トリス・ジクロロプロピルホスフェート、トリス・クロロエチルホスフェート、トリス・クロロフェニルホスフェート、ポリオキシアルキレン・ビス[ジ(クロロアルキル)]ホスフェート等;
亜リン酸エステルとしては、ジブチルホスファイト、ジペンチルホスファイト、ジヘキシルホスファイト、ジヘプチルホスファイト、ジオクチルホスファイト、ジノニルホスファイト、ジデシルホスファイト、ジウンデシルホスファイト、ジドデシルホスファイト、ジオレイルホスファイト、ジフェニルホスファイト、ジクレジルホスファイト、トリブチルホスファイト、トリペンチルホスファイト、トリヘキシルホスファイト、トリヘプチルホスファイト、トリオクチルホスファイト、トリノニルホスファイト、トリデシルホスファイト、トリウンデシルホスファイト、トリドデシルホスファイト、トリオレイルホスファイト、トリフェニルホスファイト、トリクレジルホスファイト等、が挙げられる。また、これらの混合物も使用できる。
本発明の冷凍機油組成物は、上記のホスフォロチオネート及びリン系添加剤に加えて、グリシジルエステル型エポキシ化合物を更に含有する。本発明により奏される耐摩耗性及び安定性の両立という効果は、これら3成分の相乗作用によるものである。また、本発明で用いられるグリシジルエステル型エポキシ化合物は、グリシジルエーテル型エポキシ化合物やシクロヘキセンジオキシドなどの他のエポキシ化合物に比べて、冷凍機油用エポキシ系添加剤として使用した場合に金属触媒の腐食抑制や潤滑性向上効果の点で優れているのが特徴である。
油性剤としては、エステル油性剤、一価アルコール油性剤、カルボン酸油性剤、エーテル油性剤などが挙げられる。
(ii)多価アルコールと一塩基酸とのエステル
(iii)一価アルコールと多塩基酸とのエステル
(iv)多価アルコールと多塩基酸とのエステル
(v)一価アルコール、多価アルコールとの混合物と多塩基酸との混合エステル
(vi)多価アルコールと一塩基酸、多塩基酸との混合物との混合エステル
(vii)一価アルコール、多価アルコールとの混合物と一塩基酸、多塩基酸との混合エステル。
3〜6価の脂肪族多価アルコールの具体例としては、グリセリン、トリメチロールプロパン、エリスリトール、ペンタエリスリトール、アラビトール、ソルビトール、マンニトールなどが挙げられる。上記一般式(3)〜(8)中のR5〜R29としては、メチル基、エチル基、n−プロピル基、イソプロピル基、各種ブチル基、各種ペンチル基、各種ヘキシル基、各種ヘプチル基、各種オクチル基、各種ノニル基、各種デシル基、各種ウンデシル基、各種ドデシル基、各種トリデシル基、各種テトラデシル基、各種ペンタデシル基、各種ヘキサデシル基、各種ヘプタデシル基、各種オクタデシル基、フェニル基、ベンジル基などが挙げられる。また、上記エーテル化物は、R5〜R29の一部が水素原子である部分エーテル化物も包含する。
3〜6価の脂肪族多価アルコールの二分子縮合物,三分子縮合物の具体例としては、ジグリセリン、ジトリメチロールプロパン、ジペンタエリスリトール、ジソルビトール、トリグリセリン、トリトリメチロールプロパン、トリペンタエリスリトール、トリソルビトールなどが挙げられる。
本発明の冷凍機油組成物は、ベンゾトリアゾール及び/又はその誘導体をさらに含有することが好ましい。ベンゾトリアゾール及び/又はその誘導体を含有せしめることで、耐摩耗性及び摩擦特性の向上効果をより高めることができる。
本発明の冷凍機油組成物においては、グリシジルエステル型エポキシ化合物の他に、下記(1)〜(7)に示すエポキシ化合物を更に含有してもよい。(1)〜(7)に示すエポキシ化合物は1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
(1)フェニルグリシジルエーテル型エポキシ化合物
(2)アルキルグリシジルエーテル型エポキシ化合物
(3)アリルオキシラン化合物
(4)アルキルオキシラン化合物
(5)脂環式エポキシ化合物
(6)エポキシ化脂肪酸モノエステル
(7)エポキシ化植物油
(1)フェニルグリシジルエーテル型エポキシ化合物としては、具体的には、フェニルグリシジルエーテル又はアルキルフェニルグリシジルエーテルが例示できる。ここでいうアルキルフェニルグリシジルエーテルとは、炭素数1〜13のアルキル基を1〜3個有するものが挙げられ、中でも炭素数4〜10のアルキル基を1個有するもの、例えばn−ブチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、i−ブチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、sec−ブチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、tert−ブチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、ペンチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、ヘキシルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、ヘプチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、オクチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、ノニルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、デシルフェニルグリシジルエーテル等が好ましいものとして例示できる。
さらに、本発明における冷凍機油組成物に対して、その性能をさらに高めるため、必要に応じて公知の冷凍機油添加剤、例えば、ジ−tert−ブチル−p−クレゾール、ビスフェノールA等のフェノール系の酸化防止剤、フェニル−α−ナフチルアミン、N,N−ジ(2−ナフチル)−p−フェニレンジアミン等のアミン系の酸化防止剤、ジチオリン酸亜鉛等の摩耗防止剤、塩素化パラフィン、硫黄化合物等の極圧剤、脂肪酸等の油性剤、シリコーン系等の消泡剤、粘度指数向上剤、流動点降下剤、清浄分散剤等の添加剤を、単独で、又は2種以上を組み合わせて配合することも可能である。これらの添加剤の合計配合量は特に制限されないが、組成物全量基準で、好ましくは10質量%以下、より好ましくは5質量%以下である。
本発明の冷凍機油組成物の体積抵抗率は特に限定されないが、1.0×109Ω・cm以上であることが好ましい。特に、密閉型冷凍機に用いる場合には高い電気絶縁性が必要となる傾向にある。なお、ここでいう体積抵抗率とは、JIS C 2101「電気絶縁油試験方法」に準拠して測定した25℃での値[Ω・cm]を意味する。
本発明の冷凍機油組成物を用いる冷凍機に用いられる冷媒は、HFC冷媒、パーフルオロエーテル類等の含フッ素エーテル系冷媒、ジメチルエーテル等の非フッ素含有エーテル系冷媒及び二酸化炭素やアンモニア,炭化水素等の自然系冷媒であるが、これらは各々単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上の混合物として用いてもよい。
また、自然系冷媒としては二酸化炭素やアンモニア、炭化水素等が挙げられる。ここで、炭化水素冷媒としては、25℃、1気圧で気体のものが好ましく用いられる。具体的には炭素数1〜5、好ましくは1〜4のアルカン、シクロアルカン、アルケン又はこれらの混合物である。具体的には例えば、メタン、エチレン、エタン、プロピレン、プロパン、シクロプロパン、ブタン、イソブタン、シクロブタン、メチルシクロプロパン又はこれらの2種以上の混合物等があげられる。これらの中でも、プロパン、ブタン、イソブタン又はこれらの混合物が好ましい。
本発明の冷凍機油組成物は、潤滑性、冷媒相溶性、低温流動性、安定性などの要求性能全てをバランスよく十分に満足させるものであり、往復動式あるいは回転式の開放型や半密閉型又は密閉型圧縮機を有する冷凍機器あるいはヒートポンプなどに好適に使用することができる。特に、アルミニウム系部材を用いた冷凍機器に用いた場合には、アルミニウム系部材の摩耗防止性と熱・化学的安定性との双方を高水準で両立することが可能となる。かかる冷凍機器として、より具体的には、自動車用エアコン、除湿器、冷蔵庫、冷凍冷蔵倉庫、自動販売機、ショーケース、化学プラントなどの冷却装置、住宅用エアコン、ビル空調用エアコン、給湯用ヒートポンプ等が挙げられる。さらに、本発明の冷凍機油組成物は、往復動式、回転式、遠心式等のいずれの形式の圧縮機にも使用可能である。
実施例1〜16及び比較例1〜14においては、それぞれ以下に示す基油及び添加剤を用いて、表1〜6に示す組成を有する冷凍機油組成物を調製した。
基油1:ペンタエリスリトールと2−エチルヘキサン酸及び3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸の等モル混合物(分岐鎖型脂肪酸100%)とのテトラエステル(40℃における動粘度:68.5mm2/s、流動点:−25℃、R410Aとの分離温度10℃)
基油2:ペンタエリスリトールとペンタン酸、ヘプタン酸及び3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサン酸の混合物(直鎖脂肪酸/分岐脂肪酸=65/35)とのテトラエステル(40℃における動粘度:56.5mm2/s、流動点:−25℃、R410Aとの分離温度1℃)。
添加剤1:トリクレジルホスフェート
添加剤2:トリフェニルホスフォロチオネート
添加剤3:グリジシル−2,2’−ジメチルオクタノエート
添加剤4:ビニルシクロヘキセンジオキシド
添加剤5:フェニルグリシジルエーテル
添加剤6:ステアリン酸ブチル
添加剤7:オクチルグリセリルエーテル
添加剤8:ジイソデシルアジペート
添加剤9:ミスチリルアルコール
添加剤10:ラウリン酸。
JIS K 2211に準拠し、鉄、銅及びアルミニウムを触媒としてシールドガラスチューブ試験を行い、200℃で2週間保持した後のスラッジの有無及び触媒の変化を観察した。得られた結果を表1〜6に示す。表の「スラッジ」の欄中、Aはスラッジが認められなかったことを、Bはスラッジが認められたことをそれぞれ意味する。また、「触媒変化」の欄中、Aは触媒の変化がなかったことを、Bは触媒が若干変化したことを、Cは触媒が顕著に変化したことをそれぞれ意味する。
FALEX試験機(ASTM D2714)の摺動部を耐圧容器内に設置し、容器内に冷媒を導入して下記条件でFALEX試験を実施した。
試験開始温度:80℃
試験時間:1時間
すべり速度:0.5m/s
荷重:1250N
冷媒雰囲気の圧力:500kPa。
含水率を500ppmに調整した冷凍機油組成物50gと冷媒15gとを200mlオートクレーブ中に入れ、175℃で2週間保持した後の酸価(mgKOH/g)を測定した。得られた結果を表1〜6に示す。
Claims (1)
- 基油としてのポリオールエステルと、ホスフォロチオネートと、前記ホスフォロチオネート以外のリン系添加剤と、グリシジルエステル型エポキシ化合物と、を含有することを特徴とする冷凍機油組成物。
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CN2005800070412A CN1930276B (zh) | 2004-03-04 | 2005-03-02 | 冷冻机油组合物 |
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JPS62292895A (ja) * | 1986-06-13 | 1987-12-19 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd | 冷凍機油 |
JPH04314797A (ja) * | 1991-04-12 | 1992-11-05 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd | エステル組成物 |
JPH08209182A (ja) * | 1995-01-27 | 1996-08-13 | Mitsubishi Oil Co Ltd | Hcfc冷媒及びhfc冷媒に共用可能な冷凍機油組成物 |
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JP2007262208A (ja) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-11 | Nippon Oil Corp | 冷凍機油組成物 |
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