JP2002503546A - 合成ガスから炭化水素を製造する方法およびそのための触媒 - Google Patents
合成ガスから炭化水素を製造する方法およびそのための触媒Info
- Publication number
- JP2002503546A JP2002503546A JP2000532213A JP2000532213A JP2002503546A JP 2002503546 A JP2002503546 A JP 2002503546A JP 2000532213 A JP2000532213 A JP 2000532213A JP 2000532213 A JP2000532213 A JP 2000532213A JP 2002503546 A JP2002503546 A JP 2002503546A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- support
- catalyst
- catalyst support
- precursor
- alumina
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical group [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical group [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013495 cobalt Nutrition 0.000 description 46
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 26
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- 235000019647 acidic taste Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 12
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- -1 aluminum ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 241000640882 Condea Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100000419 Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus AC41 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910002515 CoAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100321669 Fagopyrum esculentum FA02 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000725126 Spinacia oleracea 50S ribosomal protein L35, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium ion Chemical compound [Ti+4] LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZGSOBQAJAUGRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] ZGSOBQAJAUGRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical group [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/75—Cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J33/00—Protection of catalysts, e.g. by coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0207—Pretreatment of the support
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
- C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C07C1/0425—Catalysts; their physical properties
- C07C1/0445—Preparation; Activation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA98/1440 | 1998-02-20 | ||
| ZA981440 | 1998-02-20 | ||
| ZA9811882 | 1998-12-28 | ||
| ZA98/11882 | 1998-12-28 | ||
| PCT/GB1999/000527 WO1999042214A1 (en) | 1998-02-20 | 1999-02-19 | Process for producing hydrocarbons from a synthesis gas, and catalysts therefor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002503546A true JP2002503546A (ja) | 2002-02-05 |
| JP2002503546A5 JP2002503546A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) | 2006-04-13 |
Family
ID=27144497
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000532213A Pending JP2002503546A (ja) | 1998-02-20 | 1999-02-19 | 合成ガスから炭化水素を製造する方法およびそのための触媒 |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6638889B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| EP (1) | EP1058580B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| JP (1) | JP2002503546A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| KR (1) | KR20010041156A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| CN (1) | CN1291116A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| AT (1) | ATE258826T1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| AU (1) | AU745771B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| BR (1) | BRPI9908011B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| CA (1) | CA2320914A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| DE (1) | DE69914585T3 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| DZ (1) | DZ2724A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| ES (1) | ES2212529T3 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| GB (1) | GB2352194B (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| MX (1) | MXPA00007920A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| NO (1) | NO20004147L (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| NZ (1) | NZ506373A (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| PE (1) | PE20000258A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| PL (1) | PL342737A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| RU (1) | RU2226127C2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| WO (1) | WO1999042214A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004503360A (ja) * | 2000-06-12 | 2004-02-05 | サソール テクノロジー（プロプライエタリー）リミテッド | コバルト触媒 |
| JP2006522684A (ja) * | 2003-04-11 | 2006-10-05 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニー | チタニアおよびコバルトアルミネート触媒担体の調製およびフィッシャー−トロプシュ合成におけるその使用 |
| JP2007516826A (ja) * | 2003-12-12 | 2007-06-28 | シントロレウム コーポレイション | 改変された触媒担体 |
| JP2008526486A (ja) * | 2005-01-11 | 2008-07-24 | サソール テクノロジー（プロプライエタリー）リミテッド | フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成用の担持コバルト触媒の製造 |
| JP2009502450A (ja) * | 2005-07-22 | 2009-01-29 | エニ、ソシエタ、ペル、アチオニ | 高い機械的、熱的及び化学的な安定性を有するフィッシャー−トロプシュ触媒の調製方法 |
| WO2017131232A1 (ja) * | 2016-01-29 | 2017-08-03 | Ｊｘエネルギー株式会社 | フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成用触媒、フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成用触媒の製造方法及び炭化水素の製造方法 |
| US9975099B2 (en) | 2016-03-16 | 2018-05-22 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Fuel synthesis catalyst and fuel synthesis system |
Families Citing this family (72)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DZ2724A1 (fr) | 1998-02-20 | 2003-09-01 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | Procédé pour la production d'hydrocarbures à partir d'un gaz de synthèse et leurs catalyseurs. |
| DE69909112T2 (de) | 1998-10-05 | 2003-12-24 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Ltd., Johannesburg | Tränkungsverfahren für katalysatoren |
| AU779645C (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2005-12-01 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited | Cobalt catalysts |
| FR2821074B1 (fr) * | 2001-02-16 | 2004-06-04 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de synthese d'hydrocarbures en presence d'un catalyseur comprenant un metal du groupe viii supporte sur silice-alumine |
| US6977273B2 (en) | 2000-03-01 | 2005-12-20 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Process for synthesising hydrocarbons in the presence of a catalyst comprising a group VIII metal supported on silica-alumina |
| AU1675402A (en) | 2000-07-03 | 2002-01-14 | Conoco Inc | Fischer-tropsch processes and catalysts using aluminum borate supports |
| PE20020250A1 (es) * | 2000-07-24 | 2002-04-24 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | Produccion de hidrocarburos a partir de un gas de sintesis |
| ES2186547B1 (es) * | 2001-06-15 | 2004-08-01 | Universidad Politecnica De Valencia | Un catalizador bimetalico para el tratamiento de aguas que contienen nitratos. |
| JP2003024786A (ja) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-01-28 | Nippon Oil Corp | フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成用触媒および炭化水素の製造法 |
| AU2002321689B2 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2007-05-31 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited | Production of fischer-tropsch synthesis produced wax |
| NL1021752C2 (nl) | 2001-10-25 | 2003-06-11 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | Katalysators. |
| WO2004035196A2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2004-04-29 | Conocophillips Company | A stabilized transition alumina catalyst support from boehmite and catalysts made therefrom |
| WO2004035511A2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2004-04-29 | Conocophillips Company | Fischer-tropsch processes and catalysts using stabilized supports |
| US7341976B2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2008-03-11 | Conocophillips Company | Stabilized boehmite-derived catalyst supports, catalysts, methods of making and using |
| WO2004035193A2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2004-04-29 | Conocophillips Company | Fischer-tropsch processes and catalysts made from a material comprising boehmite |
| AU2003297257A1 (en) * | 2002-11-11 | 2004-06-03 | Conocophillips Company | Improved supports for high surface area catalysts |
| JP4870900B2 (ja) * | 2003-02-24 | 2012-02-08 | 戸田工業株式会社 | 炭化水素分解用触媒及びその製造方法、並びに該炭化水素分解用触媒を用いた水素製造方法 |
| RU2314869C2 (ru) * | 2003-03-31 | 2008-01-20 | Каунсил Оф Сайентифик Энд Индастриал Рисерч | Катализатор синтеза углеводородов из синтез-газа, способ получения катализатора |
| US7163963B2 (en) | 2003-09-08 | 2007-01-16 | Conocophillips Company | Chemically and thermally stabilized alumina for Fischer-Tropsch catalysts |
| US7541310B2 (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2009-06-02 | Conocophillips Company | Silica-alumina catalyst support, catalysts made therefrom and methods of making and using same |
| US7186757B2 (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2007-03-06 | Conocophillips Company | Silica-alumina catalyst support with bimodal pore distribution, catalysts, methods of making and using same |
| US20050119118A1 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2005-06-02 | Walsh Troy L. | Water gas shift catalyst for fuel cells application |
| GB2410449B (en) | 2004-01-28 | 2008-05-21 | Statoil Asa | Fischer-Tropsch catalysts |
| CN1942242B (zh) * | 2004-03-12 | 2011-07-27 | 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 | 用于催化剂载体的喷雾干燥的氧化铝 |
| US7365040B2 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2008-04-29 | Sasoltechnology (Proprietary) Limited | Catalysts |
| US7361626B2 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2008-04-22 | Engelhard Corporation | Supported catalyst |
| WO2006032907A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2006-03-30 | Statoil Asa | Promoted fischer-tropsch catalysts |
| FR2879477A1 (fr) * | 2004-12-17 | 2006-06-23 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Catalyseur a base de cobalt pour la synthese fischer-tropsch |
| FR2879478B1 (fr) * | 2004-12-17 | 2007-10-26 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Catalyseur a base de cobalt pour la synthese fisher-tropsch |
| BRPI0710913B1 (pt) | 2006-04-27 | 2016-12-06 | Univ Wyoming | processo e catalisador para a produção de alcoóis misturados a partir de gases de síntese |
| US8969236B2 (en) | 2006-04-27 | 2015-03-03 | University Of Wyoming Research Corporation | Process and catalyst for production of mixed alcohols from synthesis gas |
| KR101478848B1 (ko) * | 2006-10-06 | 2015-01-02 | 로디아 오퍼레이션스 | 황 내성 알루미나 촉매 지지체 |
| WO2008042084A1 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-10 | W.R. Grace & Co. - Conn. | Sulfur tolerant alumina catalyst support |
| WO2008087147A1 (en) * | 2007-01-18 | 2008-07-24 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Fischer-tropsch catalyst support and catalyst |
| US20080260631A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-23 | H2Gen Innovations, Inc. | Hydrogen production process |
| CA2685139C (en) | 2007-05-04 | 2014-10-07 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited | Catalysts |
| AU2008249609B2 (en) | 2007-05-11 | 2011-11-03 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited | Catalysts |
| US20090098032A1 (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2009-04-16 | Basf Catalysts Llc | Methods of making aluminosilicate coated alumina |
| BRPI0911218B8 (pt) | 2008-04-15 | 2018-02-14 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | "processos para preparar um precursor do catalisador da síntese de físcher-tropsch com base em cobalto, para preparar um catalizador da síntese de físcher-tropsch, e para produzir hidrocarbonetos" |
| DE102008025307A1 (de) * | 2008-05-27 | 2009-12-03 | Süd-Chemie AG | Kobalt-Fischer-Tropsch-Katalysator |
| US20100160464A1 (en) * | 2008-12-24 | 2010-06-24 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Zeolite Supported Cobalt Hybrid Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst |
| US8268745B2 (en) | 2009-01-08 | 2012-09-18 | China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation | Silicate-resistant desulfurization sorbent |
| NZ596815A (en) | 2009-06-03 | 2013-04-26 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | Process and installation for making protected catalyst bodies by means of a molten organic substance |
| GB2473071B (en) | 2009-09-01 | 2013-09-11 | Gtl F1 Ag | Fischer-tropsch catalysts |
| KR20120084732A (ko) | 2009-10-08 | 2012-07-30 | 더블유.알. 그레이스 앤드 캄파니-콘. | 내황성 알루미나 촉매 지지체 |
| BR112012008684B1 (pt) | 2009-10-13 | 2018-07-17 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited | processo para produção de hidrocarbonetos e, opcionalmente, oxigenados de hidrocarbonetos e uso de um catalisador de síntese fischer-tropsch |
| GB2475492B (en) | 2009-11-18 | 2014-12-31 | Gtl F1 Ag | Fischer-Tropsch synthesis |
| US7943674B1 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-17 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Zeolite supported cobalt hybrid fischer-tropsch catalyst |
| GB201000993D0 (en) | 2010-01-22 | 2010-03-10 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalyst support |
| GB2482171B (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2018-04-11 | Gtl F1 Ag | Catalyst treatment |
| WO2012020210A2 (en) | 2010-08-09 | 2012-02-16 | Gtl.F1 Ag | Fischer-tropsch catalysts |
| CN102441393B (zh) * | 2010-10-12 | 2016-01-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种以改性氧化铝为载体的费托合成催化剂及其应用 |
| US8445550B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2013-05-21 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Ruthenium hybrid fischer-tropsch catalyst, and methods for preparation and use thereof |
| MY163332A (en) | 2011-02-09 | 2017-09-15 | Sasol Tech (Proprietary) Limited | Catalysts |
| SG194081A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2013-11-29 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | Catalysts |
| CN103596673B (zh) | 2011-06-07 | 2015-09-09 | 沙索技术有限公司 | 用于在浆态床中由至少一种气态反应物产生至少一种产物的方法 |
| UA112649C2 (uk) | 2011-06-07 | 2016-10-10 | Сасол Текнолоджі (Пропріетарі) Лімітед | Спосіб одержання щонайменше одного продукту із щонайменше одного газоподібного реагенту в суспензійному шарі |
| CN102989452B (zh) * | 2011-09-09 | 2014-10-15 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种含复合载体的碳二前加氢催化剂及其制备方法 |
| AP2014007742A0 (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2014-07-31 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | Catalysts |
| WO2013100768A2 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2013-07-04 | Furanix Technologies B.V. | Process for carrying out a reaction involving a liquid reaction mixture |
| NZ702536A (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2016-12-23 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | Catalysts |
| GB201214122D0 (en) * | 2012-08-07 | 2012-09-19 | Oxford Catalysts Ltd | Treating of catalyst support |
| WO2015104056A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 | 2015-07-16 | Statoil Petroleum As | Catalyst support and catalyst for fischer-tropsch synthesis |
| CN103920496B (zh) * | 2014-04-22 | 2015-11-18 | 武汉凯迪工程技术研究总院有限公司 | 介孔材料包覆式钴基费托合成催化剂及其制备方法 |
| US9233360B1 (en) | 2014-09-10 | 2016-01-12 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Stable support for Fischer-Tropsch catalyst |
| US10744486B2 (en) * | 2015-09-04 | 2020-08-18 | Clariant Corporation | Catalyst support materials and catalyst materials useful for Fischer-Tropsch processes |
| CN106588526B (zh) * | 2015-10-20 | 2019-07-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种以煤和炼厂干气为原料制烯烃的系统以及制烯烃的方法 |
| CN105289613B (zh) * | 2015-11-04 | 2017-12-19 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | 氧化铝负载钴费托合成催化剂及制法和应用 |
| US11278870B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 | 2022-03-22 | Sasol South Africa Limited | Cobalt-containing catalyst composition |
| EP3351300A1 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2018-07-25 | SASOL Germany GmbH | Manganese oxide containing alumina composition, a method for manufacturing the same and use thereof |
| FR3064498B1 (fr) * | 2017-03-30 | 2021-10-29 | Ifp Energies Now | Procede de preparation de catalyseurs a base de cobalt |
| CN109304174B (zh) * | 2017-07-26 | 2021-08-10 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | 制备费托合成钴基催化剂的方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1200540A (en) * | 1983-10-24 | 1986-02-11 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited - Energie Atomique Du Canada, Limitee | Method of manufacturing a crystalline silica/platinum catalyst structure |
| US4708945A (en) * | 1985-12-31 | 1987-11-24 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Catalysts comprising silica supported on a boehmite-like surface, their preparation and use |
| US5169821A (en) * | 1991-11-14 | 1992-12-08 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Method for stabilizing titania supported cobalt catalyst and the catalyst for use in Fischer-Tropsch process |
| EP0586196A1 (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 1994-03-09 | JOSEPH CROSFIELD & SONS LTD. | Silicone modified hydrotreating catalysts |
| US5424262A (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-06-13 | Energy, Mines And Resources Canada | Fluidized cracking catalyst with in situ metal traps |
| US5639798A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1997-06-17 | Wexford P.A. Syncrude Limited Partnership | Process and catalyst for production of hydrocarbons |
| DZ2013A1 (fr) * | 1995-04-07 | 2002-10-23 | Sastech Ltd | Catalyseurs. |
| WO1997020216A1 (en) * | 1995-11-27 | 1997-06-05 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Organically modified inorganic oxides using silane-modified inorganic oxides |
| DE19641141A1 (de) | 1996-10-05 | 1998-04-16 | Rwe Dea Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von dispergierbaren Alumosilikaten |
| DZ2724A1 (fr) | 1998-02-20 | 2003-09-01 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | Procédé pour la production d'hydrocarbures à partir d'un gaz de synthèse et leurs catalyseurs. |
-
1999
- 1999-02-16 DZ DZ990025A patent/DZ2724A1/xx active
- 1999-02-19 NZ NZ506373A patent/NZ506373A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-02-19 RU RU2000124068/04A patent/RU2226127C2/ru active
- 1999-02-19 GB GB0019749A patent/GB2352194B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-19 KR KR1020007009206A patent/KR20010041156A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-02-19 WO PCT/GB1999/000527 patent/WO1999042214A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-02-19 BR BRPI9908011-7A patent/BRPI9908011B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-02-19 DE DE69914585.6T patent/DE69914585T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-19 PL PL99342737A patent/PL342737A1/xx unknown
- 1999-02-19 CA CA002320914A patent/CA2320914A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-02-19 PE PE1999000149A patent/PE20000258A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-02-19 CN CN99803102A patent/CN1291116A/zh active Pending
- 1999-02-19 ES ES99906328T patent/ES2212529T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-19 AU AU26302/99A patent/AU745771B2/en not_active Expired
- 1999-02-19 AT AT99906328T patent/ATE258826T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-02-19 JP JP2000532213A patent/JP2002503546A/ja active Pending
- 1999-02-19 EP EP99906328.2A patent/EP1058580B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-08-11 US US09/636,787 patent/US6638889B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-14 MX MXPA00007920 patent/MXPA00007920A/es unknown
- 2000-08-18 NO NO20004147A patent/NO20004147L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004503360A (ja) * | 2000-06-12 | 2004-02-05 | サソール テクノロジー（プロプライエタリー）リミテッド | コバルト触媒 |
| JP2004503359A (ja) * | 2000-06-12 | 2004-02-05 | サソール テクノロジー（プロプライエタリー）リミテッド | コバルト触媒 |
| JP2004503358A (ja) * | 2000-06-12 | 2004-02-05 | サソール テクノロジー（プロプライエタリー）リミテッド | コバルト触媒 |
| JP4920858B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-12 | 2012-04-18 | サソール テクノロジー（プロプライエタリー）リミテッド | コバルト触媒 |
| JP2006522684A (ja) * | 2003-04-11 | 2006-10-05 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニー | チタニアおよびコバルトアルミネート触媒担体の調製およびフィッシャー−トロプシュ合成におけるその使用 |
| JP2007516826A (ja) * | 2003-12-12 | 2007-06-28 | シントロレウム コーポレイション | 改変された触媒担体 |
| JP2008526486A (ja) * | 2005-01-11 | 2008-07-24 | サソール テクノロジー（プロプライエタリー）リミテッド | フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成用の担持コバルト触媒の製造 |
| JP2009502450A (ja) * | 2005-07-22 | 2009-01-29 | エニ、ソシエタ、ペル、アチオニ | 高い機械的、熱的及び化学的な安定性を有するフィッシャー−トロプシュ触媒の調製方法 |
| WO2017131232A1 (ja) * | 2016-01-29 | 2017-08-03 | Ｊｘエネルギー株式会社 | フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成用触媒、フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成用触媒の製造方法及び炭化水素の製造方法 |
| JPWO2017131232A1 (ja) * | 2016-01-29 | 2018-11-22 | Ｊｘｔｇエネルギー株式会社 | フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成用触媒、フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成用触媒の製造方法及び炭化水素の製造方法 |
| US9975099B2 (en) | 2016-03-16 | 2018-05-22 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Fuel synthesis catalyst and fuel synthesis system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69914585T3 (de) | 2019-03-28 |
| DE69914585T2 (de) | 2004-12-16 |
| ATE258826T1 (de) | 2004-02-15 |
| NO20004147L (no) | 2000-10-19 |
| ES2212529T3 (es) | 2004-07-16 |
| BRPI9908011B1 (pt) | 2015-03-31 |
| EP1058580B1 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
| GB2352194A (en) | 2001-01-24 |
| CN1291116A (zh) | 2001-04-11 |
| EP1058580B2 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
| WO1999042214A1 (en) | 1999-08-26 |
| DE69914585D1 (de) | 2004-03-11 |
| PE20000258A1 (es) | 2000-04-18 |
| EP1058580A1 (en) | 2000-12-13 |
| NZ506373A (en) | 2003-06-30 |
| BR9908011A (pt) | 2000-10-31 |
| NO20004147D0 (no) | 2000-08-18 |
| PL342737A1 (en) | 2001-07-02 |
| KR20010041156A (ko) | 2001-05-15 |
| RU2226127C2 (ru) | 2004-03-27 |
| AU2630299A (en) | 1999-09-06 |
| GB2352194B (en) | 2001-06-20 |
| AU745771B2 (en) | 2002-03-28 |
| GB0019749D0 (en) | 2000-09-27 |
| DZ2724A1 (fr) | 2003-09-01 |
| MXPA00007920A (es) | 2001-06-01 |
| US6638889B1 (en) | 2003-10-28 |
| CA2320914A1 (en) | 1999-08-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP2002503546A (ja) | 合成ガスから炭化水素を製造する方法およびそのための触媒 | |
| EP1303350B9 (en) | Production of hydrocarbons from a synthesis gas | |
| JP4263597B2 (ja) | フィッシャー−トロプシュ合成によるワックスの製造 | |
| AU2001276578A1 (en) | Catalyst Supports, Catalyst Precursors and Catalysts | |
| US8067333B2 (en) | Catalysts | |
| EP2879787B1 (en) | Method of preparing a modified catalyst support, method of preparing a catalyst, and hydrocarbon synthesis process employing the catalyst support | |
| US20160175831A1 (en) | Catalysts | |
| RU2584915C2 (ru) | Катализаторы | |
| EP3262018B1 (en) | Hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst, its preparation process and its use | |
| HK1032763A (en) | Process for producing hydrocarbons from a synthesis gas, and catalysts therefor | |
| AU2012215108B2 (en) | Catalysts | |
| CZ20002971A3 (cs) | Způsob zpracování nosiče katalyzátoru, nosič katalyzátoru, způsob výroby katalyzátoru, katalyzátor a způsob výroby uhlovodíků |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20060213 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20060213 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20090424 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20100115 |