FI115459B - Menetelmä syklisten estereiden valmistamiseksi hydroksihapoista ja niiden johdannaisista - Google Patents
Menetelmä syklisten estereiden valmistamiseksi hydroksihapoista ja niiden johdannaisista Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FI115459B FI115459B FI944275A FI944275A FI115459B FI 115459 B FI115459 B FI 115459B FI 944275 A FI944275 A FI 944275A FI 944275 A FI944275 A FI 944275A FI 115459 B FI115459 B FI 115459B
- Authority
- FI
- Finland
- Prior art keywords
- feed stream
- lactide
- acid
- cyclic ester
- water
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C51/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by liquid-liquid treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D319/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D319/10—1,4-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes
- C07D319/12—1,4-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes not condensed with other rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D167/00—Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D167/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/19—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor
- B01J2219/194—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round
- B01J2219/1941—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped
- B01J2219/1942—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped spherical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Compounds That Contain Two Or More Ring Oxygen Atoms (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US85455992 | 1992-03-19 | ||
US07/854,559 US5319107A (en) | 1990-09-18 | 1992-03-19 | Method to produce cyclic esters |
US9302483 | 1993-03-17 | ||
PCT/US1993/002483 WO1993019058A2 (en) | 1992-03-19 | 1993-03-17 | Process for the production of cyclic esters from hydroxy acids and derivatives thereof |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FI944275A0 FI944275A0 (fi) | 1994-09-15 |
FI944275A FI944275A (fi) | 1994-11-16 |
FI115459B true FI115459B (fi) | 2005-05-13 |
Family
ID=25319033
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FI944275A FI115459B (fi) | 1992-03-19 | 1994-09-15 | Menetelmä syklisten estereiden valmistamiseksi hydroksihapoista ja niiden johdannaisista |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5319107A (no) |
EP (1) | EP0632807B1 (no) |
JP (1) | JP2922303B2 (no) |
KR (1) | KR950700898A (no) |
CN (1) | CN1080921A (no) |
AT (1) | ATE169913T1 (no) |
AU (1) | AU677183B2 (no) |
BR (1) | BR9306101A (no) |
DE (1) | DE69320467T2 (no) |
FI (1) | FI115459B (no) |
IL (1) | IL104765A0 (no) |
MY (1) | MY116462A (no) |
NO (1) | NO943464L (no) |
NZ (1) | NZ251210A (no) |
TW (1) | TW321645B (no) |
WO (1) | WO1993019058A2 (no) |
Families Citing this family (53)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5767222A (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1998-06-16 | Chronopol, Inc. | Degradable polydioxaneone-based materials |
JP2852545B2 (ja) * | 1989-11-14 | 1999-02-03 | チッソ株式会社 | 複数の不斉点を持つ光学活性化合物および製造法 |
US5686630A (en) * | 1993-09-29 | 1997-11-11 | Chronopol, Inc. | Purifying cyclic esters by aqueous solvent extraction |
US5420304A (en) * | 1992-03-19 | 1995-05-30 | Biopak Technology, Ltd. | Method to produce cyclic esters |
US5463086A (en) * | 1993-03-24 | 1995-10-31 | Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc. | Process for producing lactides and process for purifying crude lactides |
BE1008099A3 (fr) * | 1994-03-04 | 1996-01-16 | Brussels Biotech Sa | Production semi-continue de polylactides par ouverture de cycle lactides obtenus a partir de derives d'acide lactique. |
JPH10109983A (ja) * | 1996-10-04 | 1998-04-28 | Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc | 環状エステルの製造方法および精製方法 |
DE19723807C2 (de) * | 1997-06-06 | 2003-04-24 | Ferring Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Copolyestern |
BE1011759A3 (fr) * | 1998-02-24 | 1999-12-07 | Brussels Biotech S A | Procede de production d'esters cycliques. |
US6313319B1 (en) | 1998-09-25 | 2001-11-06 | Shimadzu Corporation | Method for purifying lactide and lactide for food additives |
DE19902879A1 (de) * | 1999-01-25 | 2000-08-03 | Wolff Walsrode Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochreinem Dilactid |
WO2001042333A2 (en) | 1999-12-13 | 2001-06-14 | Michigan State University | Process for the preparation of polymers of dimeric cyclic esters |
DE10027393B4 (de) * | 2000-06-02 | 2007-05-16 | Wella Ag | Poly- und Oligoester kationischer Hydroxysäuren, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
CA2423727C (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2007-06-05 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for producing lactide and process for producing polylactic acid from fermented lactic acid employed as starting material |
US6926810B2 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2005-08-09 | A. E. Staley Manufacturing Co. | Process for obtaining an organic acid from an organic acid ammonium salt, an organic acid amide, or an alkylamine organic acid complex |
US6984293B2 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2006-01-10 | Tate & Lyle Ingredients | Azeotropic distillation of cyclic esters of hydroxy organic acids |
US6982026B2 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2006-01-03 | Tate & Lyle Ingredients Americas, Inc. | Azeotropic distillation process for producing organic acids or organic acid amides |
US6979720B2 (en) | 2002-05-03 | 2005-12-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | manufacture of certain cyclic ester oligomers |
EP1618138A2 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2006-01-25 | E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company | Continuous bioreactor process for the preparation of polyester cyclic oligomers |
WO2006124899A2 (en) * | 2005-05-13 | 2006-11-23 | Cargill, Incorporated | Production of derivatives of lactide, production of lactides, and use of lactide in foods and to produce polymers |
WO2007114017A1 (ja) | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-11 | Bio-Energy Corporation | 乳酸発酵液からの乳酸成分の分離方法および分離装置 |
WO2008071776A2 (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-19 | Solvay | Production of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxyacids |
ES2377037T3 (es) * | 2007-12-26 | 2012-03-21 | Ktanton Ltd | Un procedimiento para la producción de diésteres cíclicos de alfa-hidroxiácidos |
CA2712490A1 (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-23 | Greenlight Biofuels Holdings, Llc | Process and system for preparation of bio-fuels |
JP5459974B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-11 | 2014-04-02 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 精製乳酸環状二量体の製造方法及び製造装置、並びに、ポリ乳酸の製造方法及び製造装置 |
BE1018247A3 (fr) * | 2008-08-14 | 2010-07-06 | Futerro Sa | Procede d'obtention de lactide. |
MX2011001726A (es) * | 2008-08-29 | 2011-08-17 | Uhde Inventa Fischer Gmbh | Metodo para la produccion de una mezcla de derivados de lactida. |
KR101154029B1 (ko) | 2009-05-20 | 2012-06-07 | 한국화학연구원 | 젖산에스테르로부터 락타이드의 직접 전환용 촉매 및 이를 이용한 락타이드의 제조방법 |
WO2012000921A1 (en) | 2010-06-29 | 2012-01-05 | Solvay Sa | Process for the manufacture of lactide |
EP2407463A1 (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2012-01-18 | Solvay SA | Process for the manufacture of a cyclic diester of an apha-hydroxyacid |
BR112013004935A2 (pt) * | 2010-09-07 | 2016-08-02 | Myriant Corp | "desitratação catalítica de ácido láctico e ésteres de ácido láctico". |
WO2012055998A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 | 2012-05-03 | Total S.A. | Use of monascus in organic acid production |
US20120245322A1 (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-09-27 | Hyundai Motor Company | Manufacturing lactide from lactic acid |
KR101326521B1 (ko) * | 2011-05-26 | 2013-11-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 유산으로부터 락타이드의 제조 방법 |
CN102351838B (zh) * | 2011-07-21 | 2013-07-24 | 凯莱英医药集团(天津)股份有限公司 | 一种1,4-二氧六环-2,5-二醇的合成方法 |
KR101459819B1 (ko) * | 2012-04-04 | 2014-11-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 유산염으로부터 락타이드의 제조방법 |
WO2013160485A1 (de) | 2012-04-28 | 2013-10-31 | Uhde Inventa-Fischer Gmbh | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen herstellung von lactid direkt aus konzentrierter milchsäure |
EP3056490A1 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2016-08-17 | PURAC Biochem BV | Method for manufacturing lactide |
CN105801555A (zh) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-07-27 | 东华大学 | 一种聚合级丙交酯的制备方法 |
WO2017220521A1 (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-28 | Total Research & Technology Feluy | Single step lactide production process with hydrolysis of oligomers and catalyst by recovered water |
JP2019519608A (ja) * | 2016-06-20 | 2019-07-11 | トタル リサーチ アンド テクノロジー フエリユイ | 溶剤を別に供給する単一工程によるラクチドの製造方法 |
EP3472143B1 (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2020-09-16 | Total Research & Technology Feluy | Single step lactide production process with recovery of water by decantation |
WO2017220522A1 (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-28 | Total Research & Technology Feluy | Single step lactide production process with heat recovery |
GB201621549D0 (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-02-01 | Univ Leuven Kath | Catalytic process |
EP3891135A1 (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2021-10-13 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Process for preparing glycolide |
CN113387921B (zh) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-08-19 | 华东理工大学 | 一种合成乙交酯的方法 |
EP4134365A1 (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2023-02-15 | Sulzer Management AG | A plant and an efficient process for producing lactide from lactic acid |
CN113842657B (zh) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-10-03 | 北京工商大学 | 一种循环制备丙交酯的设备 |
CN113861159A (zh) * | 2021-10-28 | 2021-12-31 | 北京工商大学 | 一种直接缩聚制备丙交酯的方法 |
CN114163414A (zh) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-11 | 上海中化科技有限公司 | 乙交酯的制备方法和制备装置 |
CN114195755B (zh) * | 2021-11-26 | 2023-09-19 | 上海浦景化工技术股份有限公司 | 一种乙交酯的制备方法 |
CN114621179B (zh) * | 2022-03-17 | 2024-03-26 | 中国神华煤制油化工有限公司 | 乙交酯的合成方法 |
CN114805285A (zh) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-07-29 | 南昌大学 | 一种从l-乳酸制备丙交酯的方法 |
Family Cites Families (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE221786C (no) * | ||||
DE53074C (de) * | Frau A. LA GUAYRA MAYO in Great Falls, Cty Cascade, und W. HUDNALL in Helena, Cty Lewisand Clark, V. St. A | Verstellbare Säumvorrichtung für Nähmaschinen | ||
CA863673A (en) * | 1971-02-16 | K. Schneider Allan | Absorbable suture | |
DE267826C (de) * | 1912-12-28 | 1913-12-02 | Chemische Werke | Verfahren zur Darstellung von lactid |
US1095205A (en) * | 1913-05-15 | 1914-05-05 | Chemische Werke Vorm Dr Heinrich Byk | Manufacture of lactid. |
US1594843A (en) * | 1921-08-19 | 1926-08-03 | Du Pont | Purification of lactic acid |
US1995970A (en) * | 1931-04-04 | 1935-03-26 | Du Pont | Polymeric lactide resin |
US2163268A (en) * | 1933-12-12 | 1939-06-20 | Du Pont | Method for making cyclic esters |
US2174491A (en) * | 1938-06-28 | 1939-09-26 | Paul D Watson | Method of making lactic acid resinous products |
US2189572A (en) * | 1938-09-01 | 1940-02-06 | Paul D Watson | Process for fractionating resinous products |
US2703316A (en) * | 1951-06-05 | 1955-03-01 | Du Pont | Polymers of high melting lactide |
US2668162A (en) * | 1952-03-20 | 1954-02-02 | Du Pont | Preparation of high molecular weight polyhydroxyacetic ester |
US2758987A (en) * | 1952-06-05 | 1956-08-14 | Du Pont | Optically active homopolymers containing but one antipodal species of an alpha-monohydroxy monocarboxylic acid |
US2768973A (en) * | 1954-11-30 | 1956-10-30 | Du Pont | Preparation of glycolaldehyde by hydrolysis of 4-chloro-2-oxodioxolane |
US3322791A (en) * | 1963-09-26 | 1967-05-30 | Ethicon Inc | Preparation of optically active lactides |
DE1194142B (de) * | 1963-11-19 | 1965-06-03 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zum UV-Stabilisieren von Polycarbonaten |
DE1280838B (de) * | 1964-12-28 | 1968-10-24 | Ethicon Inc | Verfahren zur Reinigung von Lactiden |
DD53074A1 (de) | 1965-12-18 | 1967-01-05 | Verfahren zur Herstellung cyclischer Esteranhydride von alpha-Hydroxycarbonsäuren | |
US3457280A (en) * | 1967-06-12 | 1969-07-22 | American Cyanamid Co | Alpha-glycolide and methods for the isolation thereof |
US3435008A (en) * | 1967-08-22 | 1969-03-25 | American Cyanamid Co | Method for preparation of isomerically pure beta-glycolide and polymerization method for glycolide compositions employing partial hydrolyzate of said beta-glycolide |
US3597450A (en) * | 1969-11-05 | 1971-08-03 | American Cyanamid Co | Preparation of glycolide polymerizable into polyglycolic acid of consistently high molecular weight |
US3736646A (en) * | 1971-10-18 | 1973-06-05 | American Cyanamid Co | Method of attaching surgical needles to multifilament polyglycolic acid absorbable sutures |
US3867190A (en) * | 1971-10-18 | 1975-02-18 | American Cyanamid Co | Reducing capillarity of polyglycolic acid sutures |
US4033938A (en) * | 1974-01-21 | 1977-07-05 | American Cyanamid Company | Polymers of unsymmetrically substituted 1,4-dioxane-2,5-diones |
US3960152A (en) * | 1974-01-21 | 1976-06-01 | American Cyanamid Company | Surgical sutures of unsymmetrically substituted 1,4-dioxane-2,5-diones |
DE3632103A1 (de) * | 1986-09-20 | 1988-03-24 | Boehringer Ingelheim Kg | Verfahren zur herstellung von lactid |
EP0261572A1 (de) * | 1986-09-20 | 1988-03-30 | Boehringer Ingelheim Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Lactid |
DE3708915C2 (de) * | 1987-03-19 | 1996-04-04 | Boehringer Ingelheim Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Lactid |
DE3778111D1 (de) * | 1986-10-24 | 1992-05-14 | Boehringer Ingelheim Kg | Verfahren zur herstellung und reinigung thermolabiler verbindungen. |
DE3781133T2 (de) * | 1986-12-19 | 1993-06-24 | Akzo Nv | Herstellung von polymilchsaeure und copolymeren daraus. |
US4835293A (en) * | 1987-02-24 | 1989-05-30 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Atmospheric pressure process for preparing pure cyclic esters |
NL8702563A (nl) * | 1987-10-28 | 1989-05-16 | Cca Biochem B V | Polymeer lactide, werkwijze voor het bereiden van een dergelijk polymeer lactide, alsmede een samenstelling, die een dergelijk polymeer lactide bevat. |
US5274127A (en) * | 1990-09-18 | 1993-12-28 | Biopak Technology, Ltd. | Lactide production from dehydration of aqueous lactic acid feed |
US5068418A (en) * | 1989-05-08 | 1991-11-26 | Uop | Separation of lactic acid from fermentation broth with an anionic polymeric absorbent |
US5075115A (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1991-12-24 | Fmc Corporation | Process for polymerizing poly(lactic acid) |
JPH05506242A (ja) * | 1990-05-03 | 1993-09-16 | イー・アイ・デユポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 環状エステルの迅速製造のための改良法 |
US5043458A (en) * | 1990-05-03 | 1991-08-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | One-step continuous process for preparing cyclic esters |
US5091544A (en) * | 1990-05-08 | 1992-02-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for rapid conversion of oligomers to cyclic esters |
US5023349A (en) * | 1990-05-08 | 1991-06-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Continuous process for rapid conversion of oligomers to cyclic esters |
US5023350A (en) * | 1990-05-24 | 1991-06-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for the purification of cyclic esters |
US5138074A (en) * | 1990-06-28 | 1992-08-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Continuous catalyzed vapor phase dimeric cyclic ester process |
EP0591188A1 (en) * | 1990-07-13 | 1994-04-13 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | High yield recycle process for lactide |
US5332839A (en) * | 1990-09-18 | 1994-07-26 | Biopak Technology, Ltd. | Catalytic production of lactide directly from lactic acid |
US5089632A (en) * | 1991-01-30 | 1992-02-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparing cyclic esters using a fluorocarbon |
-
1992
- 1992-03-19 US US07/854,559 patent/US5319107A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-02-17 IL IL104765A patent/IL104765A0/xx unknown
- 1993-03-17 WO PCT/US1993/002483 patent/WO1993019058A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-03-17 EP EP93907579A patent/EP0632807B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-17 DE DE69320467T patent/DE69320467T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-03-17 BR BR9306101A patent/BR9306101A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-17 JP JP5516722A patent/JP2922303B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-03-17 NZ NZ251210A patent/NZ251210A/en unknown
- 1993-03-17 AT AT93907579T patent/ATE169913T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-17 AU AU38130/93A patent/AU677183B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-03-17 MY MYPI93000472A patent/MY116462A/en unknown
- 1993-03-19 CN CN93104488A patent/CN1080921A/zh active Pending
- 1993-05-07 TW TW082103587A patent/TW321645B/zh active
-
1994
- 1994-09-15 FI FI944275A patent/FI115459B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-16 NO NO943464A patent/NO943464L/no unknown
- 1994-09-16 KR KR1019940703230A patent/KR950700898A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2922303B2 (ja) | 1999-07-19 |
EP0632807A1 (en) | 1995-01-11 |
AU677183B2 (en) | 1997-04-17 |
BR9306101A (pt) | 1995-09-12 |
EP0632807A4 (en) | 1995-05-03 |
TW321645B (no) | 1997-12-01 |
MY116462A (en) | 2004-02-28 |
DE69320467T2 (de) | 1999-04-22 |
JPH07504916A (ja) | 1995-06-01 |
WO1993019058A3 (en) | 1993-11-11 |
ATE169913T1 (de) | 1998-09-15 |
FI944275A (fi) | 1994-11-16 |
NO943464D0 (no) | 1994-09-16 |
FI944275A0 (fi) | 1994-09-15 |
IL104765A0 (en) | 1993-06-10 |
EP0632807B1 (en) | 1998-08-19 |
WO1993019058A2 (en) | 1993-09-30 |
CN1080921A (zh) | 1994-01-19 |
US5319107A (en) | 1994-06-07 |
KR950700898A (ko) | 1995-02-20 |
NZ251210A (en) | 1996-10-28 |
AU3813093A (en) | 1993-10-21 |
DE69320467D1 (de) | 1998-09-24 |
NO943464L (no) | 1994-11-15 |
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