ES2630709T3 - Producto refractario de cerámica gruesa y procedimiento para su fabricación así como su uso - Google Patents

Producto refractario de cerámica gruesa y procedimiento para su fabricación así como su uso Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2630709T3
ES2630709T3 ES14189763.7T ES14189763T ES2630709T3 ES 2630709 T3 ES2630709 T3 ES 2630709T3 ES 14189763 T ES14189763 T ES 14189763T ES 2630709 T3 ES2630709 T3 ES 2630709T3
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Prior art keywords
bricks
mpa
lin
case
weight
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Inventor
Hans-Jürgen Dr. Klischat
Carsten Dr. Vellmer
Holger Wirsing
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Refratechnik Holding GmbH
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Refratechnik Holding GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022Non-woven fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/12Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/08Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
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    • C04B35/62605Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
    • C04B35/62695Granulation or pelletising
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    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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    • C04B35/634Polymers
    • C04B35/63404Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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Abstract

Producto refractario de cerámica gruesa de al menos un material refractario granulado, caracterizado por - una porosidad abierta entre el 23 y el 45 % en volumen, en particular entre el 23 y el 29 % en volumen, y - la estructura de grano siguiente del material refractario: grano en polvo hasta 0,1 mm: del 20 al 61, en particular del 25 al 55 % en peso grano medio de 0,1 a 0,5 mm: del 30 al 55, en particular del 35 al 50 % en peso grano grueso más de 0,5 mm, en particular hasta 8 mm, preferiblemente hasta 6 mm: del 9 al 25, en particular del 10 al 25 % en peso

Description

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posterior de d) se sitúa como en otros productos compactos solamente a temperaturas superiores, pero en el caso de una porosidad abierta notablemente más baja, a 1600 °C es comparable a la contracción posterior de b). La resistencia al cambio de temperatura es buena.
5 El comportamiento de los ladrillos según la invención con porosidad superior y optimizados en cuanto a su estabilidad de volumen según b) en la prueba de cocción múltiple es comparable con el de los productos más compactos según d) la figura 4.
Ejemplo 3
10 El ejemplo 3 muestra resultados en el caso de una porosidad adicionalmente aumentada y la variación de la estructura de grano entre la del diámetro de grano inferior de 0,1 mm así como la del diámetro de grano superior de 0,5 mm del porcentaje de grano medio.
15 Se fabricaron ladrillos a base de las mismas materias primas y de la misma composición mineralógica con 84 % magnesia y 16 % de espinela fundida, que
a1) según el documento DE 10 2006 040 269 B4 presentan un porcentaje bajo de granulación > 0,5 mm del 11 % en peso, porcentajes de granulación bajos en el intervalo de 0,1 -0,5 mm del 4 % en peso así como el 85 % en 20 peso < 0,1 mm y se compactaron con una fuerza de compresión de solamente 10 MPa, con el fin de ajustar una porosidad superior en el producto acabado, y
e) de acuerdo con la invención presentan un porcentaje bajo de granulación > 0,5 mm del 11 % en peso, porcentajes de granulación elevados en el intervalo de 0,1 -0,5 mm del 48 % en peso, situados en este caso 25 principalmente entre 0,1 -0,2 mm. El porcentaje < 0,1 mm es del 35 % en peso. Estos ladrillos se compactaron además con una fuerza de compresión de 40 MPa, y
f) de acuerdo con la invención presentan un porcentaje bajo de granulación > 0,5 mm del 11 % en peso, porcentajes de granulación elevados en el intervalo de 0,1-0,5 mm del 50 % en peso, situados en este caso 30 principalmente entre 0,3 -0,5 mm. El porcentaje < 0,1 mm es del 34 % en peso. También estos ladrillos se compactaron con una fuerza de compresión de 40 MPa.
Todos los ladrillos se cocieron a 600 °C y se sometieron a prueba de acuerdo con los ladrillos del primer ejemplo.
35 La figura 5 muestra la repartición granulométrica para a1), e) y f) representada como curva de acumulaciones.
Las características de ladrillo en comparación con los ladrillos según a) varían en el caso de a1), en el que la fuerza de compresión bajó a 10 MPa en el sentido de que la densidad aparente de acabado se reduce a 2,45 g/cm3 y la porosidad abierta sube a 29,2 % en volumen, tabla 4. La sensibilidad a infiltraciones de a1) se aumenta con respecto 40 a los ladrillos según a) del ejemplo 1. Durante la cocción de fabricación los ladrillos están contraídos en aproximadamente 1,9 %. La resistencia a la compresión en frío de estos ladrillos con aproximadamente 45 MPa, la resistencia a la flexión en frío ha disminuido solo ligeramente a 5,2 MPa. En el caso de pruebas de crecimiento posterior/contracción posterior a 1400 °C, 1500 °C y 1600 °C aparecen variaciones de longitud irreversibles permanentes de -0,12 % lin -0,36 % lin y -0,67 % lin e indican con respecto a a) una estabilidad de volumen del
45 producto disminuida adicionalmente. También la resistencia al cambio de temperatura se reduce visiblemente a 8 ciclos de enfriamiento brusco hasta la rotura.
En el caso de acuerdo con la invención de e), en el que partes significativas de los porcentajes de grano grueso disminuidos se desplazan al intervalo de 0,1 -0,5 mm y en la parte predominante se representan mediante granos 50 entre 0,1 -0,2 mm, aparece en el caso de una fuerza de compresión invariable de 40 MPa una disminución de la densidad aparente de acabado en 2,50 g/cm3 y la porosidad abierta elevada del 28,5 % es comparable con la de a1). La sensibilidad a infiltraciones empieza a aumentar. La contracción de cocción no se aumenta de manera diferente a a1) con 0,56 %. La estabilidad de volumen es claramente alta frente a a1), lo cual se indica mediante una aparición de la contracción posterior solamente a temperatura más elevada y valores de contracción posterior más
55 bajos en el caso de variación de longitud irreversible. En la determinación de la resistencia al cambio de temperatura no aparece en este caso ninguna rotura hasta > 30 ciclos de enfriamiento brusco.
Tabla. 4: Valores de propiedad de ladrillos según a1), e) y f).
Denominación:
a1) e) f)
Compactación Temperatura de cocción Densidad aparente de acabado Resistencia a la compresión en frío Resistencia a la flexión en frío
MPa °C g/cm3 MPa MPa 10 1600 2,45 44,7 5,2 40 1600 2,50 52,8 5,8 40 1600 2,64 54,4 5,3
9
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Ladrillos de magnesia-pleonasto a base de magnesia sinterizada rica en hierro;
Los ladrillos según a) según el documento DE 10 2006 040 269 B4 se diferencian de los ladrillos compactos según c) por una densidad aparente de acabado de 2,23 g/cm3 más baja y una porosidad abierta aumentada en 32,1 % en
5 volumen. La resistencia a la compresión en frío baja a 38,9 MPa y la resistencia a la flexión en frío a 4.2 MPa, La sensibilidad a infiltraciones se reduce a 3,6 µm. Unido con el aumento de la porosidad abierta la contracción de cocción se triplica a 0,62 % lin. La variación de longitud irreversible se caracteriza por una contracción posterior a partir de 1500 °C de temperatura de prueba, que asciende a 6 veces frente a c). La resistencia al cambio de temperatura está intensamente reducida a 5 ciclos de enfriamiento brusco hasta la rotura de la pieza de ensayo. Estos ladrillos no son resistentes a los cambios de temperatura.
Los ladrillos con estructura de grano de acuerdo con la invención según b) poseen una densidad aparente de acabado de 2,40 g/cm3, frente a c) su porosidad abierta se ha duplicado. La resistencia a la compresión en frío es de 39,9 MPa y la resistencia a la flexión en frío 3.5 MPa. La sensibilidad a infiltraciones se reduce en este caso a 3,8
15 µm. Condicionado por la estructura de grano de acuerdo con la invención se aumenta la contracción de cocción solo ligeramente en 0,3 % lin y también la variación de longitud irreversible muestra con -0,16 % lin un aumento notablemente más débil de la contracción posterior que los ladrillos según a). En la determinación de la resistencia al cambio de temperatura no aparecía ninguna rotura en hasta 30 ciclos de enfriamiento brusco.
Ladrillos de chamota:
En comparación con los valores de propiedad de c) los ladrillos de chamota tiene según a) una densidad aparente de acabado disminuida de 1,95 g/cm3, la porosidad abierta está aumentada en 29,3 % en volumen. La resistencia a la compresión en frío baja a 33.3 MPa y la resistencia a la flexión en frío a 4,5 MPa. La sensibilidad a infiltraciones
25 se reduce a 2,6 µm. Unido con el aumento de la porosidad abierta se aumenta la contracción de cocción en 1,8 % lin. La variación de longitud irreversible se caracteriza por una notable contracción posterior a partir de 1400 °C de temperatura de prueba con -1,47 % lin, en la siguiente temperatura de prueba de 1500 °C más alta se aumenta la contracción posterior intensamente a -3.6 % lin. En la determinación de la resistencia al cambio de temperatura no aparecía ninguna rotura en hasta 30 ciclos de enfriamiento brusco.
Los ladrillos de chamota con estructura de grano de acuerdo con la invención según b) poseen una densidad aparente de acabado de 2,04 g/cm3, frente a c) su porosidad abierta es elevada y asciende a 26,6 % en volumen. La resistencia a la compresión en frío es de 39,7 MPa y la resistencia a la flexión en frío de 5,5 MPa. La sensibilidad a
35 infiltraciones se reduce en este caso a 2,9 µm. Condicionado por la estructura de grano de acuerdo con la invención la contracción de cocción es solo 1,1 % lin y la variación de longitud irreversible muestra con -0,62 % lin una contracción posterior más ventajosa que los ladrillos según a). A 1500 °C se aumenta la variación de longitud irreversible a -1,88 % y permanece con ello notablemente más baja que en el caso de de ladrillos según a). En la determinación de resistencia al cambio de temperatura no aparecía ninguna rotura hasta 30 ciclos de enfriamiento brusco.
Ladrillos de andalucita:
Las propiedades de ladrillos de andalucita reflejan la transformación de fase mineralógica de la materia prima
45 principal. Condicionado por la formación de mullita de la andalucita la contracción de cocción de los ladrillos compactos según c) es negativa, los ladrillos compactos crecen 0,8 % lin. En el caso de los ladrillos según a) el crecimiento resultante de la transformación de fase se compensa en exceso mediante un sinterizado más intenso del material que contiene grano fino, los ladrillos se contraen en 0,2 % lin. La densidad aparente de acabado se reduce a 2,13 g/cm3 y la porosidad abierta sube a 26,6 % en volumen. La resistencia a la compresión en frío es de 100,4 MPa y la resistencia a la flexión en frío es de 14,4 MPa. La sensibilidad a infiltraciones se reduce a 2,5 µm. Una contracción posterior significativa aparece a partir de 1500 °C con un valor en la variación de longitud irreversible de -0,85 lin.-%. La resistencia al cambio de temperatura con 4 ciclos de enfriamiento brusco hasta la rotura es mala.
Los ladrillos de andalucita de acuerdo con la invención según b) permanecen en el intervalo de la dilatación de
55 cocción, su densidad aparente de acabado se reduce a 2,21 g/cm3 y la porosidad abierta sube a 24,5 % en volumen. La resistencia a la compresión en frío es de 90,2 MPa y la resistencia a la flexión en frío es de 12,8 MPa. La contracción posterior aparece a partir de 1500 °C con un valor en la variación de longitud irreversible de -0,31 % lin que está reducido notablemente frente a a). La sensibilidad a infiltraciones se reduce a 2,9 µm. En la determinación de la resistencia al cambio de temperatura no aparece una rotura hasta 30 ciclos de enfriamiento brusco.
Todos los ladrillos de acuerdo con la invención según b) muestran independientemente de la selección de material las características de porosidad abierta superior notablemente frente a los productos compactos según c) y sensibilidad a infiltraciones invariable o reducida, modificándose las contracciones de cocción y variaciones de longitud irreversibles que aparecen en una medida notablemente más reducida que en el caso de ladrillos más 65 porosos según a). Las pérdidas drásticas en el caso de la resistencia al cambio de temperatura como en los ladrillos según a) no aparecen en el caso de los ladrillos de acuerdo con la invención según b). Las resistencias permanecen
12
para los ladrillos de magnesia fundida-pleonasto, ladrillos de chamota y los ladrillos de andalucita, como también para los ladrillos de magnesia-espinela mencionados en los ejemplos 1 a 3, en el intervalo de valores típicos de producto.
Los 4 ejemplos no limitan la invención a los materiales indicados, sino que indican que la invención se logra independientemente del material refractario.
13

Claims (1)

  1. imagen1
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