CN113135739B - 一种镍铁预还原回转窑用节能型耐火预制件的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种镍铁预还原回转窑用节能型耐火预制件的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113135739B
CN113135739B CN202110456868.2A CN202110456868A CN113135739B CN 113135739 B CN113135739 B CN 113135739B CN 202110456868 A CN202110456868 A CN 202110456868A CN 113135739 B CN113135739 B CN 113135739B
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韦祎
陈旗
刘文涛
朱小东
赵亮
秦红彬
周军
杨帆
杨添贺
吴云鹏
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Sinosteel Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种镍铁预还原回转窑用节能型耐火预制件的制备方法,该预制件由内层耐磨型重质浇注料和外层低导热轻质保温浇注料构成。通过添加界面反应剂,将重质浇注料与轻质浇注料通过界面反应融合制备成为一个整体材料,消除两种材料的界面,在回转窑运转过程中由于内、外层之间材质热膨胀系数的差异产生的热应力集中,会在二者之间的过渡层得以释放,避免了重质浇注料与轻质浇注料之间界面的挤压开裂导致的损坏;也解决了现有技术中的重质材料掉落、滑移造成的材料损毁等问题。制备方法简单方便,可大规模推广实施,同时砌筑施工效率高。

Description

一种镍铁预还原回转窑用节能型耐火预制件的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及RKEF工艺镍铁冶炼领域用预还原回转窑,具体涉及一种镍铁预还原回转窑用节能型耐火预制件的制备方法。
背景技术
RKEF工艺镍铁冶炼领域用预还原回转窑的内衬通常是在生产现场浇筑施工而成,一般分为锚固钉焊接、纤维材料铺贴和耐火浇注料浇筑等工序,由于工艺上对耐磨性的需要,炉衬往往只构筑了保温隔热性能偏差的重质耐火浇注料,生产初期炉壳温度即达到180-250℃,大量的热量损耗导致煤耗较高,生产的经济型较差。另外,随着生产过程中耐火浇注料的逐渐磨损,炉壳温度将进一步升高,可能会导致异常停车。
为解决上述问题,目前常规的方法是将重质层与轻质层复合在一起形成复合结构,复合的方式大致分为以下几种:1)分体复合方式:专利(ZL2018201618965和ZL2018217579087)公开了一种复合技术,采用高温粘接剂将两种内衬材料通过子母扣形结构和板凳梯形槽结构复合在一起;专利(ZL2020204775274)公开了一种耐磨砖与浇注料复合成型的方式,耐磨砖通过外缘凸起与外部的浇注体相互啮合制备复合预制件;2)一体复合方式:专利(ZL2019205963691)在重质材料与轻质材料的结合处分别设计相互适配的锯齿形连接,整体压制成型,完成叠装,避免产生相互间的滑移。但现有的这些复合技术都是基于物理结合的方式,无论是分体复合还是一体复合,重质层与轻质层之间依然存在各自的界面,并非真正的一体。由于两种内衬材料热膨胀系数的差异,在材料升温和冷却过程中,在界面处很容易产生应力集中,可能会导致开裂或挤压损坏的情况。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺陷,本发明提出一种镍铁预还原回转窑用节能耐火预制件的制备方法。
本发明为完成上述目的采用如下技术方案:
一种镍铁预还原回转窑用节能耐火预制件的制备方法,节能耐火预制件由内层耐磨型重质浇注料和外层低导热轻质保温浇注料构成,通过添加界面反应剂,将重质浇注料与轻质浇注料通过界面反应融合制备成为一个整体材料,应用在RKEF工艺镍铁冶炼领域用预还原回转窑上,内层作为工作层使用,外层作为保温层使用;
制备方法的具体步骤如下:
1)准备好模具,将金属锚固件按图纸要求埋入;
2)将制备内层耐磨型重质浇注料的所有粉料按比例配制后倒入搅拌机干混均匀后,加适量水搅拌,将混好的浇注料注入模具中,在震动平台上震动成型;
3)在重质浇注料初凝前,将界面反应剂倒入模具中重质浇注料表面上,开启震动平台震动30秒,使其均匀覆盖并扩散渗透入重质浇注料中,并留出2~3mm的未反应的界面反应剂;
4)将制备外层低导热轻质保温浇注料的所有粉料按比例配制后倒入搅拌机干混均匀后,加适量水搅拌,将混好的浇注料注入模具中界面反应剂的上面,在震动平台上震动30-60秒成型;
5)用上模具制作出纤维板的凹槽,以便后期安装纤维板;
6)待浇注料硬化后脱模,完成新型耐火预制件的制作。
所述的界面反应剂为磷酸,液体,浓度为 10~15mol/l。
所述内层耐磨型重质浇注料的原料组成及质量百分比为:
8~0mm的矾土骨料或刚玉骨料 60~70%;
200 目的矾土粉料或刚玉粉料 5~25%;
活性氧化铝微粉 10~15% ;
氧化硅微粉 4~6%;
铝酸盐水泥 5~10%;
三聚磷酸钠 0.1~0.2%;其中所述的三聚磷酸钠为外加。
所述外层低导热轻质保温浇注料的原料组成及质量百分比为:
8~3mm的陶粒骨料 15~25%;
1~3mm的珍珠岩骨料 15~-25%;
1~3mm的漂珠 10~15%;
200 目的矾土粉料 8~15%;
活性氧化铝微粉 10~15% ;
氧化硅微粉 5~8%;
铝酸盐水泥 25~35%;
三聚磷酸钠 0.15~0.3%;其中所述的三聚磷酸钠为外加。
所述内层耐磨型重质浇注料和外层低导热轻质保温浇注料的初凝时间均为30-50分钟,终凝时间均大于4小时。
本发明提出一种镍铁预还原回转窑用节能耐火预制件的制备方法,通过在内层耐磨型重质浇注料和外层低导热轻质保温浇注料的接触面之间加入界面反应剂---液体磷酸,使其扩散并渗透进两种浇注料的基质中,形成一定厚度的渗透层,在渗透层中,磷酸分别与上外层浇注料基质中的活性氧化铝微粉、铝酸盐水泥发生化学反应,生成磷酸铝和磷酸钙,进一步,生成的磷酸铝和磷酸钙作为结合剂将上外层浇注料中的骨料与粉料结合在一起,起到增强作用;内层耐磨型重质浇注料和外层低导热轻质保温浇注料之间的界面通过化学反应融合成为一体,生成一定厚度的过渡层,有效地消除了两种不同材料的界面差异,从而克服了两种材料由于膨胀系数的不同造成界面间的应力集中,解决了回转窑内衬材料开裂和挤压导致的损毁问题。
根据耐火预制件在回转窑内安装的需要,在预制件内部预埋金属锚固件;根据设计图,在轻质浇注料成型时,可预留纤维板的位置,以进一步提升耐火预制件的隔热保温性能。
综上,通过本发明中耐火预制件的使用,回转窑炉壳温度降低了20-40℃,大幅提高了预还原回转窑的节能效果;
通过添加界面反应剂,将重质浇注料与轻质浇注料融合生成一种界面过渡层,制备成为一个整体性很强的耐火预制件,避免了重质浇注料与轻质浇注料之间界面的热应力挤压导致的开裂损坏;
利用本发明制备方法制备的耐火预制件作为一个整体砌筑在镍铁预还原回转窑上,解决了现有技术中的重质材料掉落、滑移、挤压造成的材料损毁等问题;
制备的耐火预制件整体性好,内层致密,作为工作层使用,外层低导热,作为保温层使用;
制备方法简单方便,可大规模推广实施,同时砌筑施工效率高等特点。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步说明:
实施例一:
一种节能耐火预制件,由内层耐磨型重质浇注料和外层低导热轻质保温浇注料构成:
所述内层耐磨型重质浇注料组成为:按质量百分比:
矾土骨料(8~0mm):65%
矾土粉料(200 目):15%;
活性氧化铝微粉:10% ;
氧化硅微粉:5%
铝酸盐水泥:5%;
三聚磷酸钠:0.15%(外加);
外层低导热轻质保温浇注料低导热轻质保温浇注料组成为:按质量百分比:
陶粒骨料(8~3mm):20%
珍珠岩骨料(1~3mm):15%
漂珠(1~3mm):15%
矾土粉料(200 目):10%;
活性氧化铝微粉:10% ;
氧化硅微粉:5%
铝酸盐水泥:25%;
三聚磷酸钠:0.2%(外加);
上述方案中的界面反应剂,其特征为:磷酸(H3PO3),液体,浓度为 10mol/l;
上述方案中的重质浇注料和轻质浇注料的初凝时间为40分钟,终凝时间大于4小时。
制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)准备好模具,将金属锚固件按图纸要求埋入;
(2)将制备重质料的所有粉料按比例配制后倒入搅拌机干混均匀后,加适量水搅拌,将混好的浇注料注入模具中,在震动平台上震动成型;
(3)在重质浇注料初凝前,将界面反应剂倒入模具中重质浇注料表面上,开启震动平台震动30秒,使其均匀覆盖并扩散渗透入重质浇注料中,并留出2~3mm的未反应的界面反应剂;
(4)将制备轻质料的所有粉料按比例配制后倒入搅拌机干混均匀后,加适量水搅拌,将混好的浇注料注入模具中界面反应剂的上面,在震动平台上震动30-60秒成型;
(5)用上模具制作出纤维板的凹槽,以便后期安装纤维板;
(6)待浇注料硬化后脱模,完成新型耐火预制件的制作。
制备得到的预制件整体厚度约280mm,当回转窑内部工作环境温度在1500°时,回转窑炉壳外壁温度可以控制在70~80°以下,比未采用新型节能预制件炉壳温度降低了40°,大幅度节约了热能。另一方面内衬材料整体砌筑施工,在提高施工效率的同时,较好的解决了内衬材料重质层与轻质层由于滑移挤压导致材料损毁的问题。
实施例二:一种节能耐火预制件,由内层耐磨型重质浇注料和外层低导热轻质保温浇注料构成:
1、所述内层耐磨型重质浇注料组成为:按质量百分比:
刚玉骨料(8~0mm):60%
刚玉粉料(200 目):20%;
活性氧化铝微粉:10% ;
氧化硅微粉:4%
铝酸盐水泥:6%;
三聚磷酸钠:0.15%(外加);
2、所述外层低导热轻质保温浇注料组成为:按质量百分比:
陶粒骨料(8~3mm):25%
珍珠岩骨料(1~3mm):15%
漂珠(1~3mm):10%
矾土粉料(200 目):8%;
活性氧化铝微粉:12% ;
氧化硅微粉:5%
铝酸盐水泥:25%;
三聚磷酸钠:0.2%(外加);
上述方案中的界面反应剂,其特征为:磷酸(H3PO3),液体,浓度为 15mol/l;
上述方案中的重质浇注料和轻质浇注料的初凝时间为40分钟,终凝时间大于4小时。
一种新型节能耐火预制件的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)准备好模具,将金属锚固件按图纸要求埋入;
(2)将制备重质料的所有粉料按比例配制后倒入搅拌机干混均匀后,加适量水搅拌,将混好的浇注料注入模具中,在震动平台上震动成型;
(3)在重质浇注料初凝前,将界面反应剂倒入模具中重质浇注料表面上,开启震动平台震动30秒,使其均匀覆盖并扩散渗透入重质浇注料中,并留出2~3mm的未反应的界面反应剂;
(4)将制备轻质料的所有粉料按比例配制后倒入搅拌机干混均匀后,加适量水搅拌,将混好的浇注料注入模具中界面反应剂的上面,在震动平台上震动30-60秒成型;
(5)用上模具制作出纤维板的凹槽,以便后期安装纤维板;
(6)待浇注料硬化后脱模,完成新型耐火预制件的制作。
制备得到的预制件整体厚度约300mm,当回转窑内部工作环境温度在1550°时,回转窑炉壳外壁温度可以控制在80°以下,比未采用新型节能预制件炉壳温度降低了30°,大幅度节约了热能。另一方面内衬材料整体砌筑施工,在提高施工效率的同时,较好的解决了内衬材料重质层与轻质层由于滑移挤压导致材料损毁的问题。

Claims (2)

1.一种镍铁预还原回转窑用节能耐火预制件的制备方法,其特征在于:节能耐火预制件由内层耐磨型重质浇注料和外层低导热轻质保温浇注料构成,通过添加界面反应剂,将重质浇注料与外层低导热轻质保温浇注料通过界面反应融合制备成为一个整体材料,应用在RKEF工艺镍铁冶炼领域用预还原回转窑上,内层作为工作层使用,外层作为保温层使用;
制备方法的具体步骤如下:
1)准备好模具,将金属锚固件按图纸要求埋入;
2)将制备内层耐磨型重质浇注料的所有粉料按比例配制后倒入搅拌机干混均匀后,加适量水搅拌,将混好的浇注料注入模具中,在震动平台上震动成型;
3)在重质浇注料初凝前,将界面反应剂倒入模具中重质浇注料表面上,开启震动平台震动30秒,使其均匀覆盖并扩散渗透入重质浇注料中,并留出2~3mm的未反应的界面反应剂;
4)将制备外层低导热轻质保温浇注料的所有粉料按比例配制后倒入搅拌机干混均匀后,加适量水搅拌,将混好的浇注料注入模具中界面反应剂的上面,在震动平台上震动30-60秒成型;
5)用上模具制作出纤维板的凹槽,以便后期安装纤维板;
6)待浇注料硬化后脱模,完成耐火预制件的制作;
所述的界面反应剂为磷酸,液体,浓度为 10~15mol/l;
所述内层耐磨型重质浇注料的原料组成及质量百分比为:
8~0mm的矾土骨料或刚玉骨料 60~70%;
200 目的矾土粉料或刚玉粉料 5~25%;
活性氧化铝微粉 10~15% ;
氧化硅微粉 4~6%;
铝酸盐水泥 5~10%;
三聚磷酸钠 0.1~0.2%;其中所述的三聚磷酸钠为外加;
所述外层低导热轻质保温浇注料的原料组成及质量百分比为:
8~3mm的陶粒骨料 15~25%;
1~3mm的珍珠岩骨料 15~-25%;
1~3mm的漂珠 10~15%;
200 目的矾土粉料 8~15%;
活性氧化铝微粉 10~15% ;
氧化硅微粉 5~8%;
铝酸盐水泥 25~35%;
三聚磷酸钠 0.15~0.3%;其中所述的三聚磷酸钠为外加。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种镍铁预还原回转窑用节能耐火预制件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述内层耐磨型重质浇注料和外层低导热轻质保温浇注料的初凝时间均为30-50分钟,终凝时间均大于4小时。
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