EP4652169A1 - Heterocyclen für organische elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen - Google Patents
Heterocyclen für organische elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4652169A1 EP4652169A1 EP24700947.5A EP24700947A EP4652169A1 EP 4652169 A1 EP4652169 A1 EP 4652169A1 EP 24700947 A EP24700947 A EP 24700947A EP 4652169 A1 EP4652169 A1 EP 4652169A1
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D487/14—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D471/14—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
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- C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
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- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/06—Peri-condensed systems
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- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/10—Spiro-condensed systems
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- C07D487/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
- C07D491/044—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
- C07D491/048—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring the oxygen-containing ring being five-membered
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- C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D491/14—Ortho-condensed systems
- C07D491/147—Ortho-condensed systems the condensed system containing one ring with oxygen as ring hetero atom and two rings with nitrogen as ring hetero atom
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- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
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- C07D495/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D495/20—Spiro-condensed systems
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- C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D498/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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- C07D498/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D498/14—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
- C07F7/0812—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
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- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
- C07F7/0812—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
- C07F7/0816—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring said ring comprising Si as a ring atom
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent materials, e.g. electroluminescent or chemiluminescent
- C09K11/06—Luminescent materials, e.g. electroluminescent or chemiluminescent containing organic luminescent materials
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- H10K85/636—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising heteroaromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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Definitions
- Heterocycles for organic electroluminescent devices The present invention relates to heterocycles for use in electronic devices, in particular in organic electroluminescent devices, and to electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, containing these materials.
- Electronic devices containing organic compounds are widely known and commercially available. These devices can, for example, each comprise one or more hole injection layers, hole transport layers, hole blocking layers, electron transport layers, electron injection layers, exciton blocking layers, electron blocking layers and/or charge generation layers.
- these devices can, for example, each comprise one or more hole injection layers, hole transport layers, hole blocking layers, electron transport layers, electron injection layers, exciton blocking layers, electron blocking layers and/or charge generation layers.
- there is a need for improvement with regard to the properties of these devices with the compounds used in the layers described above in particular having a major influence on the properties of the devices.
- phosphorescent organometallic complexes are often used as emitting materials in organic electroluminescent devices.
- Heterocycles that can be used in organic electroluminescent devices are known from JP 2021-166280 A and CN 112300144 A. Compounds according to the present invention are not disclosed. In general, there is still room for improvement in these materials, for example for use as matrix materials, hole and/or electron transport materials, in particular with regard to efficiency and operating voltage, but also with regard to the service life of the device.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide compounds which are suitable for use in an organic electronic device, in particular in an organic electroluminescent device, and which lead to good device properties when used in this device, as well as to provide the corresponding electronic device. In particular, it is the object of the present invention to provide compounds that lead to a long service life, good efficiency and low operating voltage.
- the properties of the matrix materials in particular have a significant influence on the service life and efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device.
- a further object of the present invention can be seen in providing compounds that are suitable for use in a phosphorescent or fluorescent electroluminescent device, in particular as a matrix material.
- the compounds, in particular when used as matrix materials, as hole transport materials or as electron transport materials in organic electroluminescent devices should lead to devices that have an excellent service life and efficiency.
- a further object can be seen in providing electronic devices with excellent performance as inexpensively as possible and in consistent quality.
- the electronic devices should be able to be used or adapted for many purposes.
- the performance of the electronic devices should be maintained over a wide temperature range.
- certain compounds described in more detail below solve this problem, are well suited for use in electroluminescent devices and lead to organic electroluminescent devices that have very good properties, in particular with regard to service life, color purity and efficiency, and operating voltage.
- These compounds and electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, which contain such compounds, are therefore the subject of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a compound comprising at least one structure of formula (I), preferably a compound according to formula (I),
- Z stands, identically or differently on each occurrence, for Ar or R, preferably for Ar
- R 2 stands, identically or differently on
- An aryl group in the sense of this invention contains 6 to 40 C atoms; a heteroaryl group in the sense of this invention contains 3 to 40 C atoms and at least one heteroatom, with the proviso that the sum of C atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5.
- the heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and/or S.
- An aryl group or heteroaryl group is understood to be either a simple aromatic cycle, i.e. benzene, or a simple heteroaromatic cycle, for example pyridine, pyrimidine, thiophene, etc., or a condensed (fused) aryl or heteroaryl group, for example naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, quinoline, isoquinoline, etc.
- Aromatics linked to one another by a single bond, such as biphenyl are not referred to as aryl or heteroaryl groups, but as an aromatic ring system.
- An electron-poor heteroaryl group in the sense of the present invention is a heteroaryl group which has at least one heteroaromatic six-membered ring with at least one nitrogen atom. Further aromatic or heteroaromatic five-membered rings or six-membered rings can be condensed onto this six-membered ring. Examples of electron-poor heteroaryl groups are pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, quinoline, quinazoline or quinoxaline.
- An aromatic ring system in the sense of this invention contains 6 to 60 C atoms in the ring system.
- a heteroaromatic ring system in the sense of this invention contains 3 to 60 C atoms and at least one heteroatom in the ring system, with the proviso that the sum of C atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5.
- the heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and/or S.
- An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system in the sense of this invention is intended to be a system. which does not necessarily contain only aryl or heteroaryl groups, but in which several aryl or heteroaryl groups can also be connected by a non-aromatic unit, such as a C, N or O atom.
- systems such as fluorene, 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylfluorene, triarylamine, diaryl ether, stilbene, etc. are to be understood as aromatic ring systems in the sense of this invention, as are systems in which two or more aryl groups are connected, for example, by a short alkyl group.
- the aromatic ring system is preferably selected from fluorene, 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylamine or groups in which two or more aryl and/or heteroaryl groups are linked to one another by single bonds.
- an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or an alkyl group or an alkenyl or alkynyl group which can contain 1 to 20 C atoms and in which individual H atoms or CH2 groups can also be substituted by the abovementioned groups, preferably the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, neo-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, neo-hexyl, cyclohexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,
- An alkoxy group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms is preferably methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, n-pentoxy, s-pentoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-hexoxy, cyclohexyloxy, n-heptoxy, cycloheptyloxy, n -Octyloxy, cyclo-octyloxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy, pentafluoroethoxy and 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy.
- a thioalkyl group with 1 to 40 carbon atoms includes, in particular, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, i-propylthio, n-butylthio, i-butylthio, s-butylthio, t-butylthio, n-pentylthio, s-pentylthio, n-hexylthio, cyclohexylthio, n- Heptylthio, Cycloheptylthio, n-Octylthio, Cyclooctylthio, 2-Ethylhexylthio, Trifluoromethylthio, Pentafluoroethylthio, 2,2,2-Trifluoroethylthio, Ethenylthio, Propenylthio, Butenylthio, Pentenylthio, Cyclopentenylthio, Hex
- alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl groups according to the present invention can be straight-chain, branched or cyclic, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups can be replaced by the above-mentioned groups; furthermore, one or more H atoms can also be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO 2 , preferably F, Cl or CN, more preferably F or CN, particularly preferably CN.
- An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 - 60 or 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted with the above-mentioned radicals and which can be linked to the aromatic or heteroaromatic via any position, is understood to mean in particular groups which are derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, fluoranthene, naphthacene, pentacene, benzopyrene, biphenyl, biphenylene, terphenyl, triphenylene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, cis- or trans-indenofluorene, cis- or trans-indenocarbazole, cis- or trans-indolocarbazole, truxene, is
- two or more residues can form a ring with one another is understood in the context of the present description to mean, among other things, that the two residues are linked to one another by a chemical bond with formal elimination of two hydrogen atoms. This is illustrated by the following scheme. Furthermore, the above formulation should also be understood to mean that if one of the two residues represents hydrogen, the second residue binds to the position to which the hydrogen atom was bound, forming a ring.
- the compounds according to the invention can preferably comprise at least one structure of the formulas (I-1) to (I-18), and are particularly preferably selected from the compounds of the formulas (I-1) to (I-18), where the symbols Z, R a , R b and R c have the meanings given above, in particular for formula (I), V stands for B(R d ), C(R d ) 2 , Si(R d ) 2 , N(R d ), O, S, preferably for C(R d ) 2 , Si(R d ) 2 , N(R d ), O and X stands for N or C(R d ), preferably for C(R d ), where R d has the meaning given above, in particular for formula (I).
- the group Z preferably stands for Ar, with preferred embodiments of the group Ar being explained below also in connection with the group Ar, which can be part of the radical Z.
- the radical Ar or R represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 18, preferably 5 to 13, particularly preferably 6 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R e .
- the group Ar is selected, identically or differently on each occurrence, from phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, fluorene, spirobifluorene, naphthalene, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, indenocarbazole, indolocarbazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, phenanthrene or triphenylene, which can each be substituted by one or more radicals R e , preferably phenyl, biphenyl, fluorene, dibenzofuran, triphenylene, carbazole, indolocarbazole.
- the group Ar can preferably represent a phenyl group which is substituted by at least one radical R e , where the substituent is in the ortho, meta or para position, based on the binding site to the nitrogen atom.
- R e is a phenyl group
- an ortho-, meta-, para-biphenyl group can be formed.
- the group Ar represents a triazine group
- the triazine group has two radicals R e which are not H or D, where the two radicals R e are preferably an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 60, preferably 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which can each be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
- the group Ar can preferably represent a phenyl group which is substituted by at least one radical R e , where the substituents together with the phenyl group represented by the group Ar are a fluorene radical which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, a spirobifluorene radical which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, an indole radical, a benzofuran radical, a benzothiophene radical, a carbazole radical which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, a dibenzofuran radical which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, a dibenzothiophene radical which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, an indenocarbazole radical or an indolocarbazole residue is formed.
- the structure/compound according to the present invention comprises at least one electron transport group and/or an electron-withdrawing residue, preferably a triazine group and/or a phosphine oxide residue.
- Electron transport groups are widely known in the art and promote the ability of compounds to transport and/or conduct electrons. Examples of electron transport groups are pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, quinazoline, quinoxaline, quinoline, isoquinoline, imidazole and/or benzimidazole groups, with triazine groups being particularly preferred.
- the structure/compound according to the present invention contains at least one hole transport group. Hole transport groups are also known in the art, and these preferably comprise triarylamine or carbazole groups.
- the present compounds are particularly suitable as host material for emitters, preferably as host material for singlet, triplet and TADF emitters, electron transport material, electron injection material, hole conductor material, hole injection material, electron blocking material, hole blocking material in an electronic device.
- the specific properties of the compounds depend on the type and number of the respective functional groups.
- Compounds which comprise one, two or more electron transport groups and/or electron-withdrawing radicals, but no hole transport group are particularly suitable as host material, electron transport material, electron injection material and/or hole blocking material.
- Compounds which comprise one, two or more hole transport groups, but no electron transport group and/or electron-withdrawing radicals are particularly suitable as host material, hole conductor material, hole injection material and/or electron blocking material.
- Compounds which comprise one, two or more hole transport groups and one, two or more electron transport groups and/or electron-withdrawing radicals are particularly suitable as host material. Furthermore, it can be provided that at least one of the radicals R, R c , R d , R e is/are not equal to H, preferably not equal to H, D, OH, NO 2 , F, Cl, Br, I. Furthermore, it can be provided that none of the radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e is OH, NO 2 , F, Cl, Br, I.
- the compounds according to the invention comprise a structure of the formulae (II-1) to (II-8), where the compounds according to the invention can particularly preferably be selected from the compounds of the formulae (II-1) to (II-8),
- R a , R b , R c and R d have the meanings given above, in particular for formula (I), and the following applies to the further symbols:
- X e is B, C(
- This ring structure can bind here via a radical X e or via Y e , where in the latter case Y e stands for B, C(R e )-, Si(R e )-.
- Y e stands for B, C(R e )-, Si(R e )-.
- at most three, preferably two groups X e per ring stand for N, preferably all X e stand for CR e , preferably at least one, particularly preferably at least two of the groups X e per ring are selected from CH and CD.
- the compounds according to the invention comprise a structure of the formulae (III-1) to (III-32), wherein the compounds according to the invention can particularly preferably be selected from the compounds of the formulae (III-1) to (III-32),
- R a , R b , R c , R d and R e have the meanings given above, in particular for formula (I), and the following applies to the further symbols:
- Structures/compounds of the formulas (III-1), (III-2), (III-5), (III-7), (III-9), (III-10), (III-13), (III-15), (III-21), (III-23), (III-25) are preferred, structures/compounds of the formulas (III-1), (III-2), (III-5), (III-9), (III-10) are particularly preferred and structures/compounds of the formulas (III-1), (III-2), (III-9) are very particularly preferred.
- the sum of the indices j, m, n and l in structures/compounds of the formulae (III-1) to (III-32) is preferably at most 6, particularly preferably at most 4 and particularly preferably at most 2.
- radicals which can in particular be selected from R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R 1 and/or R 2 , form a ring system with one another, this can be mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic.
- the radicals which form a ring system with one another can be adjacent, ie these radicals are bonded to the same carbon atom or to carbon atoms which are directly bonded to one another, or they can be further apart from one another.
- At least two, preferably adjacent radicals R a , R b , R c , R d , R e form a condensed ring with the further groups to which the two radicals R a , R b , R c , R d , R e are bonded.
- ring structures are formed which are described in the publication WO 2022/079068 A1, filed on October 13, 2021 with the European Patent Office under the application number PCT/EP2021/078240, wherein for disclosure purposes the description of the condensed ring structures set out in these publications, which are described by the ring elements of the formulas (RA-1) to (RA-12), (RA-1a) to (RA-4f) and/or (RB) on pages 37 to 40 of the publication WO 2022/079068 A1, are incorporated into the present application by reference hereto.
- the substituents R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R 1 and R 2 do not form a condensed aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with the ring atoms of the ring system to which the substituents R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R 1 and R 2 are bonded, particularly preferably no ring system.
- At least one radical R c , R d , R e is selected, identically or differently on each occurrence, from the group consisting of H, D, a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 3 to 20 C atoms or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system selected from the groups of the following formulas Ar-1 to Ar-76, or the radical R c , R d , R e is selected, identically or differently on each occurrence, from the group consisting of H, D or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system selected from the groups of the following formulas Ar-1 to Ar-76, and/or the group Ar' is selected, identically or differently on each occurrence, from the groups of the following formulas Ar-1 to Ar-76,
- the abovementioned groups for structures of the formulae (Ar-1) to (Ar-76) have several A groups, all combinations from the definition of A are possible. Preferred embodiments are then those in which one A group is NR 1 and the other A group is C(R 1 ) 2 or in which both A groups are NR 1 or in which both A groups are O. If A is NR 1 , the substituent R 1 which is bonded to the nitrogen atom preferably represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which may also be substituted by one or more R 2 radicals.
- this substituent R 1 is the same or different on each occurrence and represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, in particular having 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which does not have any condensed aryl groups and which does not have any condensed heteroaryl groups in which two or more aromatic or heteroaromatic 6-ring groups are directly condensed to one another, and which can each also be substituted by one or more radicals R 2.
- Phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl and quaterphenyl are preferred.
- Triazine, pyrimidine and quinazoline are also preferred, as listed above for Ar-47 to Ar-50, Ar-57 and Ar-58, where these structures can be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 instead of R 1 .
- A is C(R 1 ) 2
- the substituents R 1 bonded to this carbon atom are preferably identical or different each occurrence represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 C atoms or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which may also be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 .
- R 1 most preferably represents a methyl group or a phenyl group.
- the radicals R 1 may also form a ring system with one another, resulting in a spiro system.
- Preferred radicals R c , R d and R e are described below.
- R c , R d and R e are the same or different on each occurrence and are selected from the group consisting of H, D, F, CN, NO 2 , Si(R 1 ) 3 , B(OR 1 ) 2 , a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, where the alkyl group may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
- radicals R c , R d and R e are the same or different on each occurrence and are selected from the group consisting of H, D, F, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, where the alkyl group may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, preferably having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
- At least one radical R c , R d and R e preferably a substituent R c , R d and R e , identically or differently on each occurrence, is selected from the group consisting of H, D, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , or a group N(Ar') 2 , particularly preferably at least one substituent R c , R d and R e is the same or different on each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
- the substituents R c , R d and R e either form a condensed ring or the radical R c , R d and R e is the same or different on each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of H, D, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , or a group N(Ar') 2 .
- the radical R c , R d and R e preferably the substituent R c , R d and R e , identically or differently on each occurrence, are selected from the group consisting of H or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, preferably with 6 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, particularly preferably with 6 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, which can each be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
- At least one of the groups W 3 , W 4 stands for a group -C(R 3 ) 2-(Y 1 )nC(R 3 ) 2 -.
- at least one of the radicals R c , R d and R e preferably at least one of the radicals R d and R e , particularly preferably at least one of the radicals R e is selected from a structure of the following formulas (Het-II) to (Het-XIX)
- the radical R 3 is selected on each occurrence, identically or differently, from B(Ar'') 2 , B(R 2 ) 2 , C(Ar'') 3 , C(R 2 ) 3 , Si(Ar'') 3 , Si(R 2 ) 3 , Ge(Ar'') 3 , Ge(R 2 ) 3 , a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 40 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 3 to 40 C atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 40 C atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , where one or
- Particularly preferred groups arise accordingly from the structures/compounds of the formulae (II-1) to (II-8) or (III- 1) to (III-32), wherein the groups X e and Y e are to be adapted accordingly so that the radicals R e of these groups are to be replaced by radicals R 1 .
- Particularly preferred radicals R 3 result from the description of the radicals R a and R b , where the radicals R 1 of these groups are to be replaced by radicals R 2 . It can also be provided that at least one radical R c , R d and R e represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
- At least one radical, preferably a substituent R c , R d and R e is selected from phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, fluorene, spirobifluorene, naphthalene, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzo- thiophene, indenocarbazole, indolocarbazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, quinoxaline, phenanthrene or triphenylene, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
- substituent means in particular that R c , R d and R e are not H, preferably not H and not D. Furthermore, the substituents R c , R d and R e can be the same or different if two or more substituents are present which are selected from the aromatic or heteroaromatic group mentioned.
- Preferred aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems which are represented by the radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d and R e or Ar or Ar', are selected from phenyl, biphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, terphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl, quaterphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched quaterphenyl, fluorene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, spirobifluorene, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, naphthalene, in particular 1- or 2-linked naphthalene, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, carbazole, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, dibenzofuran, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, dibenz
- Particularly preferred aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems which can be represented by the radicals R, R a , R b , R c , R d and R e or Ar or Ar' are the structures (Ar-1) to (Ar-76) listed above, with structures of the formulae (Ar-1), (Ar-2), (Ar-3), (Ar-12), (Ar-13), (Ar-14), (Ar- 15), (Ar-16), (Ar-69), (Ar-70), (Ar-76) being preferred and structures of the formulas (Ar-1), (Ar-2), (Ar-3), (Ar-12), (Ar-13), (Ar-14), (Ar-15), (Ar-16) being particularly preferred.
- R 1 a possible substituent
- R e a possible substituent
- R c , R d and R e are groups of the formula -Ar 4 -N(Ar 2 )(Ar 3 ), where Ar 2 , Ar 3 and Ar 4 , identical or different on each occurrence, represent an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
- the total number of aromatic ring atoms of Ar 2 , Ar 3 and Ar 4 is a maximum of 60 and preferably a maximum of 40.
- Ar 4 and Ar 2 can be linked to one another and/or Ar 2 and Ar 3 can also be linked to one another by a single bond or a group selected from C(R 1 ) 2 , NR 1 , O or S.
- Ar 4 and Ar 2 are preferably linked to one another or Ar 2 and Ar 3 are linked to one another ortho to the position of the link to the nitrogen atom.
- none of the groups Ar 2 , Ar 3 or Ar 4 are connected to one another.
- Ar 4 is preferably an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, preferably with 6 to 12 aromatic ring atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
- Ar 4 is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of ortho-, meta- or para-phenylene or ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , but is preferably unsubstituted.
- Ar 4 is very particularly preferably an unsubstituted phenylene group.
- Ar 2 and Ar 3 are preferably the same or different on each occurrence and are an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 .
- Particularly preferred groups Ar 2 and Ar 3 are the same or different on each occurrence and are selected from the group consisting of benzene, ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl, ortho-, meta-, para- or branched quaterphenyl, 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-fluorenyl, 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-spiro-bifluorenyl, 1- or 2-naphthyl, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-carbazole, 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-dibenzofuran, 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-di- benzothiophene, indenocarbazole, indo
- Ar 2 and Ar 3 are very particularly preferably selected, identically or differently on each occurrence, from the group consisting of benzene, biphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, terphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl, quaterphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched quaterphenyl, fluorene, in particular 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-fluorene, or spirobifluorene, in particular 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-spirobifluorene.
- the preferences set out for the radicals R c , R d and R e also apply to the radicals R a and R b . Furthermore, it can be provided that the groups R a bonded to a C atom are the same . Furthermore, it can be provided that the groups R a bonded to different C atoms are the same. In addition, it can be provided that the groups R a bonded to different C atoms are different.
- the groups R a bonded to a C atom are selected from straight-chain alkyl groups with 1 to 10 C atoms or branched or cyclic alkyl groups with 3 to 10 C atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , preferably can be deuterated, and two or more, preferably adjacent substituents R a can form a ring system with one another.
- the groups R a bonded to a C atom are selected from aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems having 5 to 20 aromatic ring atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , preferably Represent phenyl groups, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , preferably deuterated, wherein two or more, preferably adjacent substituents R a can form a ring system with one another.
- the R b groups bonded to a C atom are the same.
- the R b groups bonded to different C atoms are the same.
- the R b groups bonded to different C atoms are different.
- the R b groups bonded to a C atom are selected from straight-chain alkyl groups having 1 to 10 C atoms or branched or cyclic alkyl groups having 3 to 10 C atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , preferably deuterated, wherein two or more, preferably adjacent substituents R a can form a ring system with one another.
- the R b groups bonded to a C atom are selected from aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems with 5 to 20 aromatic ring atoms, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , preferably representing phenyl groups, each of which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , preferably deuterated, two or more, preferably adjacent, R b substituents can form a ring system with one another.
- a group R a forms an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic ring system with a preferably adjacent group R b , which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , the ring system preferably comprising 3 to 10 C atoms.
- R 1 is the same or different on each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of H, D, F, CN, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 C atoms, where the alkyl group may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 aromatic ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 .
- R 1 is the same or different on each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of H, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, in particular having 1, 2, 3 or 4 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 6 C atoms, where the alkyl group may be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , but is preferably unsubstituted, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 13 aromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , but is preferably unsubstituted.
- R 2 is the same or different on each occurrence and is H, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 C atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 C atoms, which may be substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 4 C atoms, but is preferably unsubstituted.
- the alkyl groups preferably have no more than five C atoms, particularly preferably no more than 4 C atoms, very particularly preferably no more than 1 C atom.
- the structures/compounds according to the invention have a high degree of deuteration.
- the degree of deuteration can be at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, especially preferably at least 90% and very particularly preferably at least 95%.
- the degree of deuteration is determined from the numerical ratio of deuterium to the sum of deuterium and 1 H hydrogen (D/(D+H)*100).
- the compounds are particularly preferably fully deuterated.
- the compounds according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in blue-emitting electroluminescent devices. Depending on the layer, these require materials with a high triplet level. However, many substituents with condensed aromatic or heteroaromatic groups can lead to a reduction in the triplet level. Accordingly, naphthyl structures are preferred over anthracene structures. Furthermore, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, dibenzofuranyl and/or dibenzothienyl structures are preferred over naphthyl structures. Structures which do not have any condensation are particularly preferred, for example phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl and/or quaterphenyl structures.
- the radical Ar or R does not comprise an anthracene group, preferably none of the radicals Ar, R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e comprises an anthracene group. It can also be very particularly preferred that the radical Ar or R does not comprise an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which has three linearly condensed aromatic 6 rings, preferably none of the radicals Ar, R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e comprises an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system which has three linearly condensed aromatic 6 rings.
- the compound according to the invention is substituted with aromatic or heteroaromatic groups R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R 1 or R 2 , it is preferred if these do not have any aryl or heteroaryl groups with more than two aromatic six-membered rings condensed directly to one another.
- the substituents particularly preferably have no aryl or heteroaryl groups with directly condensed six-membered rings at all. This preference is based on the low triplet energy of such structures.
- Condensed aryl groups with more than two aromatic six-membered rings condensed directly to one another which are nevertheless also very suitable according to the invention, are phenanthrene and triphenylene, since these also have a high triplet level.
- none of the radicals Ar, R, R a , R b , R c , R d and R e preferably none of the radicals Ar, R, R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R 1 and R 2 comprises or forms a fluorenone group.
- a fluorenone comprises a 5-membered ring with a CO group to which two aromatic 6-membered rings are condensed. If the compounds of the formula (I) or the preferred embodiments are used as matrix material for a phosphorescent emitter or in a layer which directly adjoins a phosphorescent layer, it is further preferred if the compound does not contain any condensed aryl or heteroaryl groups in which more than two six-membered rings are directly condensed to one another. An exception to this are phenanthrene and triphenylene, which may be preferred due to their high triplet energy despite the presence of condensed aromatic six-membered rings. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it can be provided that the compound of the formula (I) or the preferred embodiments are used as matrix material for a phosphorescent emitter or in a layer which directly adjoins a phosphorescent layer, it is further preferred if the compound does not contain any condensed aryl or heteroaryl groups in which more than two six-member
- the compound comprises exactly two, exactly three or exactly four structures according to formula (I), (I-1) to (I-18), (II-1) to (II-8) and/or (III-1) to (III-32).
- the compounds are selected from compounds of formula (D-1), where the group L 1 represents a connecting group, preferably a bond or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40, preferably 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R e , and the other symbols used have the meanings given above, in particular for formula (I), where the group L 1 forms a bond to the basic structure instead of a hydrogen atom or a substituent, preferably the group L 1 binds to the radicals Z, W 1 , W 2 , preferably the radicals Z.
- L 1 is a bond or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 14 aromatic or heteroaromatic ring atoms, preferably an aromatic ring system having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R e , but is preferably unsubstituted, where R e may have the meaning given above, in particular for formula (I).
- L 1 particularly preferably stands for an aromatic ring system having 6 to 10 aromatic ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 13 heteroaromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , but is preferably unsubstituted, where R 1 may have the meaning given above, in particular for formula (I).
- the symbol L 1 set out, inter alia, in formula (D1) preferably stands, identically or differently on each occurrence, for a bond or an aryl or heteroaryl radical having 5 to 24 ring atoms, preferably 6 to 13 ring atoms, particularly preferably 6 to 10 ring atoms, so that an aromatic or heteroaromatic group of an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system is bonded directly, i.e. via an atom of the aromatic or heteroaromatic group, to the respective atom of the further group.
- the group L 1 set out in formula (D1) comprises an aromatic ring system with a maximum of four, preferably a maximum of three, particularly preferably a maximum of two condensed aromatic and/or heteroaromatic 6-membered rings, preferably no condensed aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system.
- Suitable aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems L 1 are selected from the group consisting of ortho-, meta- or para-phenylene, ortho-, meta- or para-biphenylene, terphenylene, in particular branched terphenylene, quaterphenylene, in particular branched quaterphenylene, fluorenylene, spirobifluorenylene, dibenzofuranylene, dibenzothienylene and carbazolylene, each of which is or more radicals R 1 can be substituted, but are preferably unsubstituted.
- a compound according to the invention can be prepared by at least one of the structures according to formulas (I), (I-1) to (I-18), (II-1) to (II-8) and/or (III-1) to (III-32).
- compounds according to the invention preferably comprising structures according to formulas (I), (I-1) to (I-18), (II-1) to (II-8) and/or (III-1) to (III-32), have a molecular weight of less than or equal to 5000 g/mol, preferably less than or equal to 4000 g/mol, particularly preferably less than or equal to 3000 g/mol, especially preferably less than or equal to 2000 g/mol, more especially preferably less than or equal to 1200 g/mol and very particularly preferably less than or equal to 900 g/mol.
- preferred compounds according to the invention are characterized in that they are sublimable. These compounds generally have a molecular weight of less than about 1200 g/mol. It can also be provided that the compound comprising structures according to formula (I), preferably the compound according to formula (I) or a preferred embodiment of this structure/compound is not in direct contact with a metal atom, preferably does not represent a ligand for a metal complex.
- the above-mentioned preferred embodiments can be combined with one another as desired within the restrictions defined in claim 1. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the above-mentioned preferences occur simultaneously. Examples of preferred compounds according to the above-mentioned embodiments are the compounds listed in the following table.
- the basic structure of the compounds according to the invention can be represented according to the ways outlined in the following schemes.
- the individual synthesis steps such as coupling reactions that lead to CC linkages and/or CN linkages, are known in principle to the person skilled in the art. These include reactions according to BUCHWALD, SUZUKI, YAMAMOTO, STILLE, HECK, NEGISHI, SONOGASHIRA and HIYAMA. Further information on the synthesis of the compounds according to the invention can be found in the synthesis examples.
- the tetra-substituted 1,2-diaminoethane is first reacted with the 2-fluoro- or 2-chloronitrobenzene in a dipolar aprotic medium, e.g.
- step 1 dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methylpyrollidinone (NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile, optionally with the addition of a sterically demanding base such as Hünig's base, in a nucleophilic aromatic substitution with formation of a CN bond to the o-nitro-arylamine (3) (step 1), see e.g. P. Zhang et al., J. Med. Chem., 2009, 52(18), 5703.
- the nitro group is then reduced to the amino group using hydrogen/platinum(IV) oxide or Pd/C to give the triamine (4) (step 2), see e.g.
- the triamine (4) is preferably converted into the amide with phosgene in dichloromethane (DCM) (see MT Blázquez et al., Heterocycles, 2006, 69, 73 – alternatively, triphosgene or a Chloroformate alkyl ester or a carbonic acid alkyl ester can be used), which is then dehydrated in situ with polyphosphoric acid to guanidine (5) (see WO 2012/130709).
- DCM dichloromethane
- the isomeric compounds (6a) and (6b) can be separated using common methods (chromatography, fractional crystallization).
- the compounds (10) according to the invention can be prepared analogously, whereby the triamine (8) is first prepared by reacting the tetra-substituted 1,2-diaminoethanes (1) with the 2,2,3,3-tetraalkylaziridine (7) known from the literature, see Scheme 2. Further compounds according to the invention are obtained via corresponding amine compounds.
- the triamine (8) is preferably reacted with phosgene in dichloromethane (DCM) to form the amide (see MT Blázquez et al., Heterocycles, 2006, 69, 73 - alternatively, triphosgene or an alkyl chloroformate or an alkyl carbonate can be used), which is then dehydrated in situ with polyphosphoric acid to form the guanidine (9) (see WO 2012/130709). Finally, the guanidine (9) is preferably reacted in a Buchwald-Hartwig, a Ullmann coupling or a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (see e.g.
- the present invention therefore further relates to a process for preparing a compound according to the invention, wherein a basic structure with an amino group is synthesized and at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic radical is introduced, preferably by means of a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction or a coupling reaction.
- a basic structure with an amino group is synthesized and at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic radical is introduced, preferably by means of a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction or a coupling reaction.
- the structures of formulas (I-2) and (I-3) can often be converted into one another at high temperatures by rearrangements. These mixtures can be separated or used as such. The same applies to other isomers.
- the mixtures obtained or formed by rearrangement can be used to produce an electronic device, as described in more detail above and later.
- the compounds according to the invention can be obtained in high purity, preferably more than 99% (determined by means of 1 H-NMR and/or HPLC).
- the compounds according to the invention can also be mixed with a polymer. It is also possible to incorporate these compounds covalently into a polymer. This is particularly possible with compounds which are substituted with reactive leaving groups, such as bromine, iodine, chlorine, boronic acid or boronic acid esters, or with reactive, polymerizable groups, such as olefins or oxetanes. These can be used as monomers to produce corresponding oligomers, dendrimers or polymers.
- the oligomerization or polymerization preferably takes place via the halogen functionality or the boronic acid functionality or via the polymerizable group. It is also possible to crosslink the polymers via such groups.
- the compounds and polymers according to the invention can be used as a crosslinked or uncrosslinked layer.
- the invention therefore further relates to oligomers, polymers or dendrimers containing one or more of the above-listed structures of the formula (I) and preferred embodiments of this formula or compounds according to the invention, where one or more bonds of the compounds according to the invention or the structures of the formula (I) and preferred embodiments of this formula to the polymer, oligomer or dendrimer are present.
- oligomers or dendrimers can be conjugated, partially conjugated or non-conjugated.
- the oligomers or polymers can be linear, branched or dendritic.
- the same preferences apply to the repeat units of the compounds according to the invention in oligomers, dendrimers and polymers as described above.
- the monomers according to the invention are homopolymerized or copolymerized with other monomers.
- copolymers in which the units according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments set out above and below are present in amounts of 0.01 to 99.9 mol%, preferably 5 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 20 to 80 mol%.
- Suitable and preferred comonomers which form the polymer backbone are selected from fluorenes (e.g. according to EP 842208 or WO 2000/022026), spirobifluorenes (e.g. according to EP 707020, EP 894107 or WO 2006/061181), para-phenylenes (e.g. according to WO 92/18552), carbazoles (e.g.
- WO 2004/070772 or WO 2004/113468 thiophenes (e.g. according to EP 1028136), dihydrophenanthrenes (e.g. according to WO 2005/014689), cis- and trans-indenofluorenes (e.g. according to WO 2004/041901 or WO 2004/113412), ketones (e.g. according to WO 2005/040302), phenanthrenes (e.g. according to WO 2005/104264 or WO 2007/017066) or several of these units.
- the polymers, oligomers and dendrimers can also contain further units, for example hole transport units, in particular those based on triarylamines, and/or electron transport units.
- compounds according to the invention which are characterized by a high glass transition temperature.
- formulations of the compounds according to the invention are required for processing the compounds according to the invention from the liquid phase. These formulations can be, for example, solutions, dispersions or emulsions. It may be preferred to use mixtures of two or more solvents.
- Suitable and preferred solvents are, for example, toluene, anisole, o-, m- or p-xylene, methyl benzoate, mesitylene, tetralin, veratrole, THF, methyl-THF, THP, chlorobenzene, dioxane, phenoxytoluene, in particular 3-phenoxytoluene, (-)-fenchone, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylbenzothiazole, 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-pyrrolidinone, 3-methylanisole, 4-methylanisole, 3,4-dimethylanisole, 3,5-dimethylanisole, acetophenone, ⁇ -terpineol, benzothiazole, butyl benzoate, cumene, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, Cyclohexylbenzene, decalin, do
- a further subject matter of the present invention is therefore a formulation or a composition comprising at least one compound according to the invention and at least one further compound.
- the further compound can be, for example, a solvent, in particular one of the above-mentioned solvents or a mixture of these solvents. If the further compound comprises a solvent, this mixture is referred to herein as a formulation.
- the further compound can also be at least one further organic or inorganic compound which is also used in the electronic device, for example an emitting compound and/or a further matrix material.
- At least one further compound is selected from the group consisting of fluorescent emitters, phosphorescent emitters, emitters which exhibit TADF, host materials, electron transport materials, electron injection materials, hole conductor materials, hole injection materials, Electron blocking materials and hole blocking materials, preferably host materials.
- a further subject matter of the present invention is the use of a compound according to the invention in an electronic device, in particular in an organic electroluminescent device.
- the compound according to the invention is used in an electronic device as a host material, electron transport material, electron injection material, hole conductor material, hole injection material, electron blocking material, hole blocking material.
- a compound according to the invention is used as a host material, electron transport material, electron injection material or hole blocking material and this compound according to the invention comprises at least one electron transport group and/or an electron-withdrawing radical, wherein preferred electron transport groups and/or electron-withdrawing radicals have been defined previously. Furthermore, it can be provided that a compound according to the invention is used as a host material, hole conductor material, hole injection material or electron blocking material and this compound according to the invention comprises at least one hole transport group, wherein preferred hole transport groups have been defined previously.
- a compound according to the invention is used as a host material and that this compound according to the invention comprises both at least one hole transport group and at least one electron transport group and/or an electron-withdrawing radical, wherein preferred hole transport groups, electron transport groups and/or electron-withdrawing radicals have been defined above.
- an electronic device comprising at least one compound according to the invention.
- Compound An electronic device in the sense of the present invention is a device which contains at least one layer which contains at least one organic compound. The component can also contain inorganic materials or layers which are made entirely of inorganic materials.
- the electronic device is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs, sOLEDs, PLEDs, LECs, etc.), preferably organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic light-emitting diodes based on small molecules (sOLEDs), organic light-emitting diodes based on polymers (PLEDs), light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), organic laser diodes (O-lasers), “organic plasmon emitting devices” (DM Koller et al., Nature Photonics 2008, 1- 4); organic integrated circuits (O-ICs), organic field-effect transistors (O-FETs), organic thin-film transistors (O-TFTs), organic light-emitting transistors (O-LETs), organic solar cells (O-SCs), organic optical detectors, organic photoreceptors, organic field quench devices (O-FQDs) and organic electrical sensors, preferably organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs,
- the organic electroluminescent device contains a cathode, anode and at least one emitting layer. In addition to these layers, it can contain further layers, for example one or more hole injection layers, hole transport layers, hole blocking layers, electron transport layers, electron injection layers, exciton blocking layers, electron blocking layers and/or charge generation layers. Interlayers can also be introduced between two emitting layers, which, for example, have an exciton blocking function. It should be noted, however, that not every one of these Layers must be present.
- the organic electroluminescent device can contain one emitting layer, or it can contain several emitting layers.
- emitting layers are present, these preferably have a total of several emission maxima between 380 nm and 750 nm, so that overall white emission results, ie different emitting compounds that can fluoresce or phosphoresce are used in the emitting layers. Systems with three emitting layers are particularly preferred, with the three layers showing blue, green and orange or red emission.
- the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention can also be a tandem electroluminescent device, in particular for white-emitting OLEDs.
- the compound according to the invention can be used in different layers, depending on the precise structure.
- an organic electroluminescent device comprising a compound according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments set out above in an emitting layer as host material for fluorescent emitters, phosphorescent emitters or for emitters which exhibit TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence), in particular for phosphorescent emitters.
- the compound according to the invention can also be used in an electron transport layer, electron injection layer and/or in a hole transport layer, hole injection layer and/or in an exciton blocking layer and/or in a hole blocking layer.
- the compound according to the invention is particularly preferably used as a matrix material for phosphorescent emitters, in particular for red, orange, green, yellow or blue phosphorescent emitters, in an emitting layer, as an electron transport or hole blocking material in an electron transport or hole blocking layer or as a hole transport or electron blocking material in a hole transport or electron blocking layer.
- the suitability of the various compounds according to formula (I) has been previously explained in connection with preferred uses. If the compound according to the invention is used as a matrix material for a phosphorescent compound in an emitting layer, it is preferably used in combination with one or more phosphorescent materials (triplet emitters).
- Phosphorescence in the sense of this invention is understood to mean luminescence from an excited state with a higher spin multiplicity, i.e.
- the mixture of the compound according to the invention and the emitting compound contains between 99 and 1 vol.%, preferably between 98 and 10 vol.%, particularly preferably between 97 and 60 vol.%, in particular between 95 and 80 vol.% of the compound according to the invention, based on the total mixture of emitter and matrix material. Accordingly, the mixture contains between 1 and 99 vol. %, preferably between 2 and 90 vol. %, particularly preferably between 3 and 40 vol. %, in particular between 5 and 20 vol.
- the compound according to the invention is used as the only matrix material (“single host”) for the phosphorescent emitter.
- a further embodiment of the present invention is the use of the compound according to the invention as a matrix material for a phosphorescent emitter in combination with a further matrix material.
- Suitable matrix materials which can be used in combination with the compounds according to the invention are aromatic ketones, aromatic phosphine oxides or aromatic sulfoxides or sulfones, e.g. B.
- WO 2010/136109 WO 2011/000455, WO 2013/041176 or WO 2013/056776
- azacarbazole derivatives e.g. B. according to EP 1617710, EP 1617711, EP 1731584, JP 2005/347160, bipolar matrix materials, e.g. according to WO 2007/137725, silanes, e.g. according to WO 2005/111172, azaboroles or boronic esters, e.g. according to WO 2006/117052, triazine derivatives, e.g.
- a compound containing a structure/compound according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments described above, which is used as host material is preferably used in combination with one or more phosphorescent materials (triplet emitters) and/or a compound which is a TADF host material (thermally activated delayed fluorescence).
- a hyperfluorescence system as described in WO 2012/133188 and/or hyperphosphorescence system as in US 2017271611 is preferably formed.
- This combination represents a preferred composition according to the present invention.
- WO 2015/091716 A1 and WO 2016/193243 A1 disclose OLEDs which contain both a phosphorescent compound and a fluorescent emitter in the emission layer, wherein the energy is transferred from the phosphorescent compound to the fluorescent emitter (hyperphosphorescence).
- the phosphorescent compound therefore behaves like a host material.
- host materials have higher singlet and triplet energies compared to the emitters, so that the energy of the host material is transferred to the emitter as optimally as possible.
- triplet emitters or triplet emitter classes also called sensitizers in connection with hyperfluorescence systems, are described in EP 3435438 A2, with emitters 2 and 3 on page 21 being preferred; in CN 109111487, wherein the compounds set out on pages 76 and 77 are preferred; in US 2020/0140471, wherein the compounds set out on pages 166 to 175 are preferred; in KR2020108705, wherein the compounds set out on pages 8 to 14 are preferred; in US 2019/0119312, wherein the compounds set out on pages 114 to 121 are preferred; and in US 2020/0411775, wherein the compounds set out on pages 123 to 128 are preferred.
- preferred fluorescent emitters or classes of fluorescent emitters are set out in WO 2021/090932, wherein the compounds set out on pages 129 to 133, 157 to 166, 171 to 187, 200 to 211, 222 to 227, 236 to 252, 255 are preferred; in WO 2020/054676, wherein the compounds set out on pages 44 to 104 are preferred; in WO 2020/017931, wherein the compounds set out on pages 17 to 39 are preferred; in WO 2020/218079, wherein the compounds set out on pages 64 to 258 are preferred; in WO 2018/212169, wherein the compounds set out on pages 33 to 42 are preferred; in WO 20192/35452, wherein the compounds set out on pages 46 to 168 are preferred; in US 10,249,832, wherein the compounds set out on pages 19 to 106 are preferred; and in WO 2021/014001, wherein the compounds set out on pages 107 to 129 are preferred.
- another phosphorescent emitter which emits at a shorter wavelength than the actual emitter, can be present in the mixture as a co-host. Particularly good results are achieved when a red phosphorescent emitter is used as the emitter and a yellow phosphorescent emitter is used as the co-host in combination with the compound according to the invention.
- a compound can be used as the co-host which does not participate, or does not participate to a significant extent, in charge transport, as described, for example, in WO 2010/108579.
- compounds which have a large band gap and do not themselves participate, or at least do not participate to a significant extent, in the charge transport of the emitting layer are suitable as co-matrix material in combination with the compound according to the invention.
- Such materials are preferably pure hydrocarbons. Examples of such materials can be found, for example, in WO 2009/124627 or in WO 2010/006680.
- compounds according to the invention without special functional groups, for example hole transport groups and/or electron transport groups have advantageous properties.
- Particularly suitable phosphorescent compounds are compounds which emit light, preferably in the visible range, when suitably excited and also contain at least one atom with an atomic number greater than 20, preferably greater than 38 and less than 84, particularly preferably greater than 56 and less than 80, in particular a metal with this atomic number.
- compounds containing copper, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, silver, gold or europium are used as phosphorescent emitters, in particular compounds containing iridium or platinum.
- Examples of the emitters described above can be found in applications WO 00/70655, WO 2001/41512, WO 2002/02714, WO 2002/15645, EP 1191613, EP 1191612, EP 1191614, WO 05/033244, WO 05/019373, US 2005/0258742, WO 2009/146770, WO 2010/015307, WO , WO 2010/099852, WO 2010/102709, WO 2011/032626, WO 2011/066898, WO 2011/157339, WO 2012/007086, WO 2014/008982, WO 2014/023377, WO 2014/094961, WO 2014/094960, WO 2015/036074, WO 2015/104045, WO 2015/117718, WO 2016/015815, WO 2016/124304, WO 2017/032439 and WO 2018/011186.
- the compounds according to the invention are also particularly suitable as matrix materials for phosphorescent emitters in organic electroluminescent devices, as described, for example, in WO 98/24271, US 2011/0248247 and US 2012/0223633.
- an additional blue emission layer is vapor-deposited over the entire surface of all pixels, including those with a color other than blue.
- the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention does not contain a separate hole injection layer and/or hole transport layer and/or hole blocking layer and/or electron transport layer, ie the emitting layer directly adjoins the hole injection layer or the anode, and/or the emitting layer directly adjoins the electron transport layer or the electron injection layer or the cathode, as described for example in WO 2005/053051. It is also possible to use a metal complex which is the same or similar to the metal complex in the emitting layer directly adjacent to the emitting layer as a hole transport or hole injection material, as described for example in WO 2009/030981.
- organic electroluminescent device In the further layers of the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention, all materials can be used as are usually used according to the prior art. The person skilled in the art can therefore use all materials known for organic electroluminescent devices in combination with the compounds according to the invention according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments set out above without inventive step. Also preferred is an organic electroluminescent device characterized in that one or more layers are coated using a sublimation process. The materials are vapor-deposited in vacuum sublimation systems at an initial pressure of less than 10 -5 mbar, preferably less than 10 -6 mbar. However, it is also possible for the initial pressure to be even lower, for example less than 10 -7 mbar.
- An organic electroluminescent device is also preferred, characterized in that one or more layers are coated using the OVPD (Organic Vapour Phase Deposition) method or with the aid of carrier gas sublimation. The materials are applied at a pressure between 10 -5 mbar and 1 bar.
- OVPD Organic Vapour Phase Deposition
- a special case of this method is the OVJP (Organic Vapour Jet Printing) method, in which the materials are applied directly through a nozzle and thus structured.
- An organic electroluminescent device is also preferred, characterized in that one or more layers are coated from solution, such as by spin coating, or using any printing method, such as screen printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, LITI (Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing), ink-jet printing or nozzle printing.
- Soluble compounds are required for this, which are obtained, for example, by suitable substitution.
- Formulations for applying a compound according to formula (I) or its or its previously set out preferred embodiments are new.
- a further subject of the present invention is therefore a formulation containing at least one solvent and a compound according to formula (I) or its previously set out preferred embodiments.
- Hybrid processes are also possible in which, for example, one or more layers are applied from solution and one or more further layers are vapor-deposited. These processes are generally known to the person skilled in the art and can be applied by him without inventive step to organic electroluminescent devices containing the compounds according to the invention.
- the compounds according to the invention and the organic electroluminescent devices according to the invention are distinguished from the prior art in particular by improved efficiency and/or operating voltage.
- these compounds and the organic electroluminescent devices obtainable from them have an improved service life.
- the compounds according to the invention and the organic electroluminescent devices according to the invention are distinguished from the prior art in particular by a low refractive index (RI).
- preferred compounds according to the invention show a high triplet T1 level, so that these compounds are particularly suitable as host material for blue-emitting triplet emitters.
- the electronic devices according to the invention, in particular organic electroluminescent devices are characterized by one or more of the following surprising advantages over the prior art: 1.
- Electronic devices in particular organic electroluminescent devices containing compounds according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments set out above and below, in particular as matrix material, as electron-conducting materials or as hole-conducting materials, have excellent efficiency.
- compounds according to formula (I) according to the invention or the preferred embodiments set out above and below result in a low operating voltage when used in electronic devices.
- Electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices containing compounds according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments set out above and below, in particular as matrix material, as electron-conducting materials or as hole-conducting materials have a very good service life. In this case, these compounds result in particular in low roll-off, ie a small drop in the power efficiency of the device at high luminance levels.
- the compounds according to the invention according to formula (I) or the preferred embodiments set out above and below show a very high stability and lifespan. 4.
- the formation of optical loss channels can be avoided in electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices. As a result, these devices are characterized by a high PL and thus high EL efficiency of emitters or an excellent energy transfer of the matrices to dopants. 6.
- the following syntheses are carried out under a protective gas atmosphere in dried solvents, unless stated otherwise.
- the metal complexes are also handled with the exclusion of light or under yellow light.
- the solvents and reagents can, for example, B. can be obtained from Sigma-ALDRICH or ABCR.
- the respective information in square brackets or the numbers given for individual compounds refer to the CAS numbers of the compounds known from the literature. For compounds that can have several enantiomeric, diastereomeric or tautomeric forms, one form is shown as a representative.
- Example S1 A mixture of 11.6 g (100 mmol) 2,3-diamino-2,3-dimethylbutane [20485-44-3], 9.9 g (100 mmol) 2,2,3,3-tetramethylaziridine [5910-14-5] in 200 ml dioxane is added dropwise with 200 ml HCl, 1M in dioxane and then stirred in a stirred autoclave for 8 h at 110 °C.
- Variant 1 Ullmann coupling carried out analogously to WO 2012/130709. A well-stirred mixture of 21.5 g (100 mmol) S10, 24.5 g (120 mmol) iodobenzene [591-50-4], 65.2 g (200 mmol) cesium carbonate, 3.8 g (20 mmol) copper(I) iodide, 4.6 g (40 mmol) L-proline, 100 g glass beads (3 mm diameter) and 500 ml dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is stirred for 16 h at 100 °C (if aryl/heteroaryl bromides are used, the reaction is carried out at 130-160 °C) or in N-methyl-2-pyrolidone at 200 °C).
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- the mixture is filtered through a Celite bed pre-slurried with DMSO, the filtrate is poured into 2000 ml of water while stirring, the precipitated solid is filtered off, washed three times with 100 ml of water each time, twice with 100 ml of ethanol each time and dried in a vacuum.
- the solid is dissolved in dichloromethane and filtered through a silica gel bed pre-slurried with DCM and the filtrate is slowly concentrated in a rotary evaporator, whereby the distilled DCM is continuously replaced by ethanol.
- the crystallized product is filtered off, washed twice with 50 ml of ethanol each time and dried in a vacuum.
- the further separation of the isomers B1a and B1b and their purification is carried out by chromatography (Torrent column machine from Semrau), by repeated hot extraction crystallization (usual organic solvents or combinations thereof, preferably acetonitrile-DCM, 1:3 to 3:1 vv) and by fractional sublimation or annealing in a high vacuum.
- B1b 5.1 g (17 mmol) 17%; purity: approx. 99.9% according to HPLC.
- Variant 2 Ullmann coupling Instead of L-proline, 24 ml (200 mmol) of trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane can be used, and dioxane can be used instead of DMSO. Yield: B1a: 16.7 g (57 mmol) 57%; Purity: approx. 99.9% according to HPLC. B1b: 4.5 g (15 mmol) 15%; Purity: approx. 99.9% according to HPLC.
- Example B2a and B2b Variant 3: SNAr reaction carried out analogously to WO 2012/130709.
- Variant 4 SNAr reaction A solution of 22.6 g (105 mmol) S10 in 300 ml DMF is mixed in portions with 2.4 g (100 mmol) sodium hydride (caution: evolution of hydrogen!). Then 37.8 g (110 mmol) 2-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl-4-chloro-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine [1472062-94-4] are added and the mixture is stirred for 5 h at room temperature. 2000 ml water is added dropwise while stirring, the precipitated solid is filtered off, washed three times with 100 ml water each time, twice with 100 ml ethanol each time and dried in vacuo.
- Vacuum-processed devices The production of OLEDs according to the invention and OLEDs according to the state of the art is carried out according to a general process according to WO 2004/058911, which is adapted to the conditions described here (layer thickness variation, materials used).
- the following examples present the results of various OLEDs.
- Cleaned glass plates (cleaned in a Miele laboratory dishwasher, Merck Extran cleaner) coated with structured ITO (indium tin oxide) with a thickness of 50 nm are pretreated with UV ozone for 25 minutes (UV ozone generator PR-100, UVP). These coated glass plates form the substrates onto which the OLEDs are applied.
- Blue fluorescent OLED components – BF The compounds according to the invention can be used in the hole injection layer (HIL), hole transport layer (HTL) and in the electron transport layer (ETL). All materials are thermally vapor-deposited in a vacuum chamber.
- the emission layer (EML) always consists of at least one matrix material (host material) SMB (see Table 1) and an emitting dopant (dopant, emitter) D, which is mixed into the matrix material or materials by co-evaporation in a certain volume proportion.
- host material host material
- D emitting dopant
- a specification such as SMB:D (97:3%) means that the material SMB is present in the layer in a volume proportion of 97% and the dopant D in a proportion of 3%.
- the electron transport layer can also consist of a mixture of two materials, see Table 1.
- the materials used to produce the OLEDs are shown in Table 5 or refer to the synthesis examples presented above.
- the OLEDs are characterized as standard.
- the electroluminescence spectra, the current efficiency (measured in cd/A), the power efficiency (measured in lm/W) and the external quantum efficiency (EQE, measured in percent) are determined as a function of the luminance, calculated from current-voltage-luminance characteristics (IUL characteristics) assuming a Lambertian radiation characteristic, as well as the service life.
- the EQE in (%) and the voltage in (V) are specified at a luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 .
- the OLEDs have the following layer structure: Substrate Hole injection layer (HIL) made of HTM1 doped with 5% NDP-9 (commercially available from Novaled), 20 nm Hole transport layer (HTL), see Table 1 Electron blocking layer (EBL), see Table 1 Emission layer (EML), see Table 1 Electron transport layer (ETL), see Table 1 Electron injection layer (EIL) made of ETM2, 1 nm Cathode made of aluminum, 100 nm Table 1: Structure of blue fluorescent OLED components Table 2: Results of blue fluorescent OLED devices 1b) Phosphorescence OLED components: The compounds A according to the invention can be used in the hole injection layer (HIL), the hole transport layer (HTL), the electron blocking layer (EBL) and in the emission layer (EML) as matrix material (host material) M (see Table 5) or A (see materials according to the invention).
- HIL hole injection layer
- HTL hole transport layer
- EBL Emission layer
- ETL Electron transport layer
- EIL Electron injection layer
- the emission layer always consists of at least one or more matrix materials M and a phosphorescent dopant Ir, which is mixed into the matrix material or materials by co-evaporation in a certain volume proportion.
- a specification such as M1:M2:Ir (55%:35%:10%) means that the material M1 is present in the layer in a volume proportion of 55%, M2 in a volume proportion of 35% and Ir in a volume proportion of 10%.
- the electron transport layer can also consist of a mixture of two materials.
- the exact structure of the OLEDs can be found in Table 3. The materials used to manufacture the OLEDs are shown in Table 5 or refer to the synthesis examples presented above.
- the OLEDs are characterized as standard.
- the electroluminescence spectra, the current efficiency (measured in cd/A), the power efficiency (measured in lm/W) and the external quantum efficiency (EQE, measured in percent) are determined as a function of the luminance, calculated from current-voltage-luminance characteristics (IUL characteristics) assuming a Lambertian radiation characteristic, as well as the service life.
- the EQE in (%) and the voltage in (V) are specified at a luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 .
- the OLEDs have the following layer structure: Substrate hole injection layer (HIL) made of HTM1 doped with 5% NDP-9 (commercially available from Novaled), 20 nm hole transport layer (HTL), see Table 3 electron blocking layer (EBL), see Table 3 emission layer (EML), see Table 3 hole blocking layer (HBL), see Table 3 electron transport layer (ETL), made of ETM1:ETM2 (50%:50%), 30 nm electron injection layer (EIL) made of ETM2, 1 nm cathode made of aluminum, 100 nm Table 3: Structure of phosphorescent OLED components
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Abstract
Description
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| PCT/EP2024/050746 WO2024153568A1 (de) | 2023-01-17 | 2024-01-15 | Heterocyclen für organische elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen |
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-
2024
- 2024-01-15 EP EP24700947.5A patent/EP4652169A1/de active Pending
- 2024-01-15 WO PCT/EP2024/050746 patent/WO2024153568A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-01-15 CN CN202480007967.4A patent/CN120569385A/zh active Pending
- 2024-01-15 KR KR1020257027334A patent/KR20250131832A/ko active Pending
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| WO2024153568A1 (de) | 2024-07-25 |
| CN120569385A (zh) | 2025-08-29 |
| KR20250131832A (ko) | 2025-09-03 |
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