EP3908695B1 - Wegkörper - Google Patents

Wegkörper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3908695B1
EP3908695B1 EP20702208.8A EP20702208A EP3908695B1 EP 3908695 B1 EP3908695 B1 EP 3908695B1 EP 20702208 A EP20702208 A EP 20702208A EP 3908695 B1 EP3908695 B1 EP 3908695B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
storage element
surfacing
elements
cavity
body according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP20702208.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3908695A1 (de
EP3908695C0 (de
Inventor
Michael WÜRTH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Filing date
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Priority to HRP20231219TT priority Critical patent/HRP20231219T1/hr
Publication of EP3908695A1 publication Critical patent/EP3908695A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3908695C0 publication Critical patent/EP3908695C0/de
Publication of EP3908695B1 publication Critical patent/EP3908695B1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
    • E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
    • E03F1/002—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water with disposal into the ground, e.g. via dry wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
    • E03F1/002—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water with disposal into the ground, e.g. via dry wells
    • E03F1/005—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water with disposal into the ground, e.g. via dry wells via box-shaped elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
    • E03F5/101—Dedicated additional structures, interposed or parallel to the sewer system
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
    • E03F5/105—Accessories, e.g. flow regulators or cleaning devices
    • E03F5/106—Passive flow control devices, i.e. not moving during flow regulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
    • E03B3/03—Special vessels for collecting or storing rain-water for use in the household, e.g. water-butts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a path body according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such path bodies are known from practice and are used, for example, in the construction of roads, parking lots or storage areas, footpaths or cycle paths or terraces.
  • Such a device is from KR101435373B1 , EP3153625A1 , WO2011049253A1 and US2018080202A1 known.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing sealed traffic areas that can be walked on or driven on, which come as close as possible to the natural water cycle and can be created with little additional effort.
  • a road body is proposed with at least one base layer and a covering applied to the base layer.
  • the base layer can contain one or more layers of gravel or crushed stone, which are compacted during installation in a manner known per se by shaking or tamping.
  • the base layer can have a thickness of from about 30 cm to about 75 cm.
  • the base layer can be founded frost-deep.
  • the base layer can also contain chippings in addition to crushed stone and/or gravel of different grain sizes.
  • concrete with or without reinforcement can also be used on a case-by-case basis.
  • the pavement may be segmented, e.g. H. be composed of individual panels or elements.
  • the covering can contain or consist of paving stones, concrete paving stones or concrete composite stones.
  • the covering can contain concrete slabs or natural stone slabs.
  • the covering can be installed as a layer, for example in the form of concrete or asphalt or also plastics or cullet. When installed as a bonded layer, it can be designed for elastic deformation.
  • a decoupling layer can be provided between the covering and the storage element to compensate for different thermal expansions.
  • the covering used according to the invention is water-permeable at least in part, i.
  • Incoming water can either pass through the gaps left between individual elements or through the surface of the covering and exit again on the underside of the covering.
  • the proportion of the water passed through in this way in relation to the impinging water can be between about 40% and about 100% or between about 50% and about 95% or between about 60% and about 90%.
  • At least one storage element is arranged between the base layer and the covering, which has a cavity which is at least partially open at least on the upper side facing the covering.
  • the storage element thus has the shape of a trough which encloses a cavity which is closed at the bottom. at the dem
  • the storage element can have a perforated cover layer or also a grid on its upper side.
  • the openings are smaller than the segmentation of the covering.
  • the path body While in the case of known path bodies, rainwater that hits it mainly drains away and only a small proportion of the residual moisture on the surface of the covering evaporates again, in the path body according to the invention a considerably larger proportion of the rainwater is stored below the covering and can be transported via the path body or its covering again evaporate. Compared to open infiltration and evaporation areas such as depressions, the invention offers the advantage that storage below the covering does not result in any additional use of space. In addition to the body of the path, no further underground structures have to be built, such as trenches. An additional complex excavation for the construction and connection of the trenches can thus be omitted. Since the storage elements are installed together with the base of the path body, the cost of the storage volume can be kept low.
  • the storage element itself is part of the substructure, the supporting layer arranged underneath can be designed to be thinner in some cases, so that no additional earth movements are required to install the storage element according to the invention.
  • the invention has the advantage that on Cover itself no changes need to be made. All the options known from the prior art are therefore still available for the surface design of the path, such as natural stone, concrete blocks, lawn grids or open-pored coverings made of rubber, glass, split bitumen or plastic, which at least enable capillary water transport and/or are provided with openings are. These openings can connect the top of the decking to the bottom, allowing water to pass through.
  • the at least one storage element contains or consists of a polymer.
  • such storage elements can be produced inexpensively in large numbers.
  • an appropriate polymer for example polypropylene or polyethylene, and occasionally introducing a fiber reinforcement made of aramide fibers, carbon fibers or glass fibers, a high load capacity of the storage element can be made possible.
  • the use of the path body according to the invention is therefore possible not only on areas with low loads, such as terraces or footpaths, but also on areas with high loads, such as parking lots or roadways.
  • the volume of the cavity can have a proportion of approximately 50% to approximately 98% of the total volume of the storage element. In other embodiments of the invention, the volume of the cavity can have a proportion of approximately 70% to approximately 95% of the total volume of the storage element. In still other embodiments of the invention, the volume of the cavity can have a proportion of approximately 80% to approximately 90% of the total volume of the storage element. This allows, on the one hand, sufficiently large wall thicknesses and, in some cases, partitions or columns inside the cavity to stiffen the storage element and, on the other hand, a sufficiently large storage capacity to also allow large water ingress reliably stored in heavy or continuous rain.
  • the volume of the cavity of a storage element can be between about 36 l/m 2 and about 285 l/m 2 . In other embodiments of the invention, the volume of the cavity can be between 80 l/m 2 and about 200 l/m 2 . In still other embodiments of the invention, the volume of the cavity can be between about 100 l/m 2 and about 185 l/m 2 . In some embodiments of the invention, different storage elements can be used for different climate zones, so that the available storage volume can be adapted to the expected amounts of precipitation.
  • the storage element can have first coupling elements for securing the position of the covering on its upper side facing the covering.
  • the coupling elements can be formed, for example, in the form of nubs or webs.
  • the first coupling elements can be designed in the form of ribs in one spatial direction.
  • coupling elements can be arranged in two orthogonal directions on the upper side, resulting in a grid.
  • the covering can be positively engaged with the first coupling elements, so that horizontal loads can also be reliably transferred to the storage element. Undesirable shifting of the covering when using the path body is thus avoided.
  • the storage element can have second coupling elements on its underside for transferring horizontal loads into the supporting layer.
  • the second coupling elements can also protrude beyond the underside of the storage element in the form of webs or pins.
  • the second coupling elements can also be in one or two spatial directions be arranged to remove horizontal forces in an orthogonal direction of the web or in both spatial directions.
  • the second coupling elements can also be in positive engagement with the base layer, for example by being embedded in a gravel packing or a bed of grit.
  • the memory element can have third coupling elements, which enable the connection of adjacent memory elements.
  • the coupled storage elements can thus assume a function as a load distribution element in the overall structure. The surface can thus remain level even after prolonged use, so that no ruts form.
  • the first coupling elements can be mountable at different distances on the upper side of the storage element facing the covering. This makes it possible to adapt the distances between the first coupling elements to the size of individual elements of the covering, so that a reliable form-fitting fit between the storage elements and the covering is made possible.
  • the storage element can have a height of about 60 mm to about 300 mm. On the one hand, this enables adaptation to the required storage volume and saves unnecessary effort for excavation in cases where only small storage capacities are required.
  • the storage element can have a length or a width of about 300 mm to about 1500 mm.
  • the memory element can have a length or a width of about 400 mm to about 1300 mm.
  • the storage element can have a length or a width of approximately 500 mm to approximately 1200 mm.
  • such storage elements are easy to produce and can be easily transported and stored.
  • the size of the storage elements is selected in such a way that a great deal of effort for the assembly of a large number of small-scale storage elements is avoided.
  • the cavity may have an overflow.
  • an overflow allows the stored water to seep away partially, for example if all of the precipitation water can no longer be absorbed in the event of heavy or continuous rain.
  • the overflow can also enable a throttled discharge, since the possible evaporation is low in winter, for example, and overfilling of the storage tank should be avoided to protect against frost damage.
  • the derivation can take place via the side with a corresponding connection to a drainage system or also a connection to the sewage system.
  • the overflow can take place downwards in the direction of the base layer or an anti-freeze layer arranged below the base layer, so that the water can seep away below the body of the path.
  • the weir may be located at a height of less than 80% and more than 40% of the total height of the cavity. In this way, the storage volume can be used up to the level of the overflow, so that the majority of the stored water can evaporate in dry periods and only the excess part is seeped away.
  • the overflow may include a restrictor configured to drain the cavity over a period of from about 1 hour to about 168 hours. In other embodiments of the invention, the overflow may include a restrictor configured to drain the cavity over a period of from about 24 hours to about 72 hours. Depending on the objective, this makes it possible either to release all of the precipitation to the sewage system or for infiltration with a time delay, or to hold the water for evaporation in the storage element and only to infiltrate the water that has not evaporated in a specified period of, for example, a day or a week . At the same time, the throttle ensures that if there are several consecutive precipitation events, the storage volume is at least partially emptied in time to absorb the new precipitation.
  • the at least one storage element also contains at least one transport device, which is set up to transport water from the cavity to the upper side facing the covering by capillary forces. This can increase the evaporation rate, since the transport device ensures that the area immediately below the covering is always sufficiently moistened, so that a moisture gradient forms across the thickness of the covering, which ensures efficient evaporation.
  • the transport device can contain or consist of capillary tubes, polymer sponge bodies, mineral foam bodies, shaped bodies made of mineral wool wicks, flow mats and/or fiber bundles. These transport devices act passively and do not require any further maintenance, so that the path body can reliably fulfill its task over many years or decades.
  • a filter fleece can be arranged on the upper side of the storage elements facing the covering.
  • the filter fleece thus comes to lie between the storage elements and the covering.
  • the filter fleece prevents dust, grit or soil from penetrating the storage elements, so that their volume does not decrease even after long periods of operation.
  • the filter fleece can be set up to horizontally distribute water conveyed to the top by an optional transport device, so that the evaporation takes place evenly over the entire surface of the path body.
  • the covering can contain or consist of individual elements which are arranged at a distance from one another.
  • the distances or gaps between individual elements can ensure that water reliably penetrates from the surface of the covering into the storage elements and, on the other hand, water evaporating from the storage elements reaches the atmosphere again through the covering.
  • the water permeability or porosity of the individual elements of the covering is no longer important, so that the selection of possible materials is increased.
  • the first coupling elements can be arranged in the joints formed between adjacent elements of the covering. This allows the individual elements to be fixed in a form-fitting manner so that horizontal forces that arise, for example, when vehicles brake or accelerate, are reliably dissipated.
  • the first coupling elements can completely fill out the width of the gaps in the covering. This allows reliable fixation in this spatial direction.
  • the first coupling elements can fill the gaps between about 70% and about 100% in height. On the one hand, this allows reliable fixation under high dynamic stress caused by driving movements. In the case of lower load requirements on the path body and at the same time higher design requirements, a reduced height of the coupling elements is sufficient, so that they are hardly perceptible from the surface of the covering.
  • the first coupling members may fill the gaps less than about 60% in length.
  • the coupling elements there is still a sufficient surface area for water to pass through, so that rainwater can be reliably stored and removed from the storage elements.
  • a first reinforcement element can be introduced between the covering and the storage element. This enables point loads to be distributed over a larger area of a storage element or over a plurality of storage elements within the body of the path, so that the durability and/or the load-bearing capacity of the body of the path increases.
  • the storage elements may be incorporated in at least one upper tier and at least one lower tier, with the storage elements of the upper and lower tiers being offset from one another.
  • this allows an increase in the storage volume, since if the storage elements of the first layer are overfilled, additional moisture can be fed via the overflow into the storage elements underneath.
  • the installation in two layers allows an increase in resilience, since loads that are introduced onto a single storage element of the first layer on two or more memory elements of the second layer can be removed. Undesirable plastic deformation of the storage elements, which would lead to damage to the path body, is thus avoided.
  • second reinforcement elements can be introduced between the upper layer and the lower layer of the storage elements. This also makes it easier to distribute punctiform loads over a larger area or several storage elements in order to avoid damage.
  • the first and/or the second reinforcement element can be a lattice-like element, for example.
  • the grid-like element can be made of a plastic.
  • the plastic can be selected from polypropylene or polyester or polyethylene.
  • the plastic can occasionally contain a fiber reinforcement.
  • Polypropylene has a high microbiological and chemical resistance in the ground and is impact-resistant and therefore protected against installation damage. Such a reinforcement element can thus be used reliably in order to distribute point loads that occur and to avoid damage to the storage elements.
  • the first and/or the second reinforcement element can have a tensile strength of about 10 kN/m to about 40 kN/m.
  • the underside of the segmented covering can be matched to the geometry of the openings of the first reinforcement element in such a way that an at least punctiform, form-fitting connection between the two layers is possible.
  • the path body 1 has a covering 2 .
  • the covering 2 has a visible upper side facing the surroundings and an opposite lower side.
  • the upper side of the covering 2 thus represents that surface which is intended for walking, driving on or other use and which faces the user.
  • the covering 2 can contain or consist of asphalt, concrete, natural stone, plastic, gravel, grit or glass or other materials not explicitly mentioned here.
  • the covering 2 can be designed over the entire surface, with the required permeability for water vapor and liquid water being ensured by corresponding pores or channels within the covering 2 .
  • the covering 2 can consist of individual elements 20 which are arranged at a distance from one another, so that joints 25 result. In this case, water or water vapor can optionally also be routed through the joints 25 from the top of the covering 20 to its underside, even if the individual elements 20 of the covering 2 have only little or no permeability.
  • the covering 2 comes to rest with its underside 22 on the upper side 31 of the storage elements 3 .
  • the top 31 of the storage elements 3 has openings, for example in the form of a grid, bores or similar measures, so that water can get from the top 31 into the cavity located inside the storage element 3 .
  • the memory elements 3 are below based on the Figures 5, 6 and 7 explained in more detail.
  • the storage elements 3 can be made from a plastic material, in particular from a thermoplastic.
  • the material of the storage elements 3 can optionally be provided with a fiber reinforcement.
  • the storage elements 3 can also be made of other materials, for example a metal, an alloy, a mineral material or a composite material made of metals, alloys and/or plastics.
  • the storage elements 3 are shaped so that they have a height of about 60 mm to about 300 mm, the height is measured along the normal vector of the plane defined by the covering 2.
  • the storage elements 3 can have a length or a width which corresponds to the entire path width. In other embodiments of the invention, smaller storage elements having a length or a width of about 400 mm to about 1300 mm or of about 300 mm to about 1500 mm can be placed together to achieve the desired extension of the path body.
  • the storage elements 3 are arranged on a supporting layer 4 .
  • the base layer 4 can be made of gravel and/or chippings in a manner known per se.
  • the base layer 4 can be compacted during installation by tamping or shaking in a manner known per se in order to avoid or reduce subsequent settlement movements.
  • the base layer 4 can also contain or consist of concrete with or without reinforcement in order to enable a particularly stable construction of the body of the path.
  • frost protection layer 5 can be arranged, which can also consist of one or more layers of gravel.
  • the entire, in figure 1 The structure shown in cross-section can be arranged in a prepared excavation or trench in such a way that the upper side 21 of the covering 2 is at a desired elevation, for example flush with the surrounding terrain. For this purpose, the entire height of the structure from the top 21 of the covering 2 to the bottom of the frost protection layer 5 can be chosen so that a frost-proof foundation is achieved.
  • the path body according to the present invention is therefore suitable as a known traffic area, such as pedestrian or cycle paths or as a roadway.
  • a known traffic area such as pedestrian or cycle paths or as a roadway.
  • parking lots, driveways, bays or storage areas or terraces can also be equipped with the path body according to the invention.
  • the memory elements 3 are installed in a first layer 61 and a second layer 62 in the second embodiment shown.
  • a second layer 62 of the storage elements 3 is thus located first on the base layer 4 and the optional frost protection layer 5.
  • the first layer 61 of the storage elements 3 is then laid on the upper side of these storage elements.
  • the covering 2 is then arranged on the upper side 31 of the first layer 61 of the storage elements 3, as previously described.
  • This embodiment has the effect that the storage volume can be increased if the total height of the first and second layers 61 and 62 is greater than the total height of a single layer of storage elements 3.
  • penetrating rainwater first fills the storage elements 3 of the first layer 61 These have an overflow, through which water penetrating further from a predeterminable degree of filling of the storage elements 3 is conducted into the storage elements 3 of the second layer 62 underneath.
  • the height of the storage elements 3 of the first layer 61 can be selected to be identical to the height of the storage elements 3 of the second layer 62. In other embodiments of the invention, different storage elements 3 can be selected in the first layer 61 and the second layer 62, for example the storage elements 3 of the first layer have a height of between about 60 mm and about 120 mm and the storage elements 3 of the second layer 62 can have a height of about 180 mm to about 300 mm.
  • the storage elements of the first and second layer are offset from one another, so that loads acting on the first layer 61 are distributed over a plurality of storage elements of the second layer 62 .
  • the loads on a single storage element 3 of the first layer 61 can be distributed over four storage elements 3 of the second layer 62 .
  • the covering 2 does not lie directly on the upper side 31 of the storage elements 3 . Rather, a first reinforcement element 71 is introduced between the covering 2 and the storage element 3 .
  • the reinforcement element can have the form of a net or grid.
  • the reinforcement element 71 can be made of a plastic, for example polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
  • the reinforcement element 71 can occasionally have a fiber reinforcement in order to increase its mechanical strength.
  • the reinforcement element 71 can have a thickness between about 2 mm and about 5 mm or between about 4 mm and about 10 mm.
  • the mesh size of a grid can be between about 2 cm and about 5 cm.
  • the first reinforcement element 71 carries point loads acting over a larger area, so that the load-bearing capacity of the path body according to the invention is increased.
  • the reinforcement element prevents individual elements 20 of the covering 2 from breaking into the cavity of the storage elements 3 .
  • the filter fleece 75 can be installed as a separate layer or firmly connected to the first reinforcement element 71.
  • the filter fleece prevents solids from penetrating into the cavity of the storage elements 3, so that their storage volume is retained and long-term safe operation is made possible.
  • the non-woven filter fabric 75 can also be made of polypropylene, polyurethane and/or polypropylene, so that it is resistant to rotting under normal stress, which enables long-term operation of the path body.
  • a fourth embodiment of the path body according to the invention is explained.
  • the fourth embodiment is similar to the second embodiment described above. From the second embodiment, the fourth embodiment differs by a first reinforcement element 71, which between the storage elements of first layer 61 and the covering 2 is installed.
  • a second reinforcement element 72 is installed between the first layer 61 and the second layer 62 .
  • the second reinforcement element 72 also serves to distribute the load of the forces acting on the first layer 61 over a larger area of the second layer 62 underneath.
  • figure 5 Figure 12 shows a memory element in a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the storage element 3 has an approximately rectangular basic shape.
  • the length and/or the width can be between about 300 mm and about 1500 mm, or between about 400 mm and about 1300 mm, or between about 500 mm and about 1200 mm.
  • the height of the storage element can be between about 60 mm and about 300 mm.
  • the storage element 3 has an upper side 31 facing the covering 2 .
  • the top 31 is perforated or provided with bores or openings 311 so that water which has penetrated the covering 2 can penetrate into the cavity 38 of the storage element 3 .
  • the side walls 33 and the bottom 32 are designed to be essentially watertight.
  • second coupling elements 325 on the underside 32 which can be designed, for example, in the form of elongated strips, pins or also as a grid. After the storage element 3 has been installed, the second coupling elements 325 interlock with the base layer 4, so that horizontal forces, which occur, for example, when vehicles accelerate or brake, are transmitted via the base layer 4 and the optional frost protection layer 5 can be removed.
  • an overflow 35 is still visible. This is arranged on a side wall 33 in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the height of the weir 35 may be located at a height between about 40% and about 80% of the total height of the cavity 38. This prevents the water escaping via the upper side 31 and puddles forming on the covering 2 when the cavity 38 is overfilled. Instead, excess water, which cannot be stored in the storage element 3, is either conducted into a storage element on a second level 62 located underneath, or seeps away via the base layer and the frost protection layer in the subsoil.
  • the overflow 35 can also be connected to a sewage system, so that overflowing water is discharged into a receiving water body directly or via a sewage treatment plant.
  • Partition walls 333 which stiffen the cavity 38. Forces acting on the upper side 31 can thus be transferred directly into the base layer 4 via the lower side 32 without the upper side 31 being deformed to an inadmissibly large extent.
  • the partition walls 333 have overflow openings 335 which, when a space between two partition walls 333 is overfilled, drain water into adjacent spaces.
  • the partitions 311 within the storage element can have openings which enable a uniform filling level.
  • Optional transport means may be located within cavity 38 to facilitate evaporation of the stored water. Shown are two embodiments of such a transport device, namely fleece or sponge body 36, which form a space between two intermediate walls Fill 333 or wicks 37. These transport devices promote water from the cavity 38 to the top 311 by capillary action, where it can evaporate over the covering 2.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 12 show second and third embodiments of the storage element 3. Identical components of the invention are provided with the same reference symbols, so that the following description is again limited to the essential differences.
  • figure 6 shows a cross section through a second embodiment of a storage element 3.
  • Two storage elements 3a and 3b and a coupling element 39 lying between them are shown.
  • the storage elements can be joined together in a form-fitting manner, so that horizontal forces which could possibly lead to a single storage element sinking into the base layer 4 can be dissipated via a plurality of storage elements 3 .
  • the surface loading between the storage elements 3 and the base layer 4 decreases as a result.
  • the in figure 6 illustrated overlap as a third coupling element 39 easy to manufacture and to assemble on site when installing the storage elements 3 without tools.
  • first coupling elements 315 which are formed on the upper side 31 of the memory elements 3.
  • the first coupling elements 315 are integrally connected to the material of the upper side of the storage elements.
  • These coupling elements 315 are located in a grid on the upper side 31 of the storage elements 3, which is adapted to the dimensions of the elements 20 of the covering 2.
  • the elements 20 can be accommodated in a form-fitting manner so that slipping is reliably avoided.
  • a uniform joint pattern of the joints 25 is retained even after prolonged use of the path body and prevents the edges of the individual covering segments from flaking off if they tilt slightly at the edge under point loads, e.g. B. when driving.
  • the first coupling elements 315 can be designed in such a way that they completely fill the gaps 25 in width, the gaps in height are filled by between about 70% and about 100% and the gaps in length are filled to less than 60%.
  • figure 7 shows another example of a third coupling element 39 figure 7 a section through a section plane parallel to the covering 2 .
  • the section plane according to figure 7 is thus orthogonal to the sectional plane of the Figures 5 and 6 .
  • a dovetail connection 336 is shown, which allows not only compressive forces but also tensile forces to be transmitted between adjacent storage elements 3a and 3b.
  • the contact surfaces 336 of the dovetail connection are undercut, so that the adjacent storage elements 3a and 3b interlock.
  • the third coupling element 39, figure 7 can be applied to straight faces, like this one in figure 5 are shown, as well as in combination with the overlay according to figure 6 .
  • the vertical contact surfaces 331 and 332 can also be designed in opposite directions comb-like, wavy or triangular in horizontal extension over the side length of the storage elements 3a and 3b, so that a vertical introduction of force over the surface 334 at at least one point of a side length simultaneously downwards and upwards is possible.
  • Approximately 2 to approximately 20 load introduction surfaces 334 per side length can be implemented for more even load distribution.
  • FIG. 12 shows another example of a third coupling element, in which two adjacent storage elements 3a and 3b are connected via separate cylindrical elements 337 made of plastic or metal.
  • the storage elements have bores at the edges in the area of the horizontal contact surfaces 334 and on the upper side 31, into which the bolts or pins are inserted from the upper side 31 after the adjacent plates have been joined.
  • the cylindrical elements can also be designed as screws.
  • figure 9 first coupling elements 315, which are introduced into the joints 25 as a separate component.

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JP4976233B2 (ja) * 2007-08-27 2012-07-18 古河電気工業株式会社 貯水ユニット及び保水性舗装
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KR100939173B1 (ko) * 2009-10-19 2010-01-28 유흥식 홍수, 가뭄, 지구 온난화, 사막화, 해수면 상승 방지 및 토양지하수 복원을 위한 초고속 투수성 블록 도로포장 시스템과 그 시공 방법
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DE102015117073B4 (de) * 2015-10-07 2019-09-19 Heinrich Klostermann Gmbh & Co. Kg Formstein zur Verwendung in einem Flächenbelag und zugehöriger Flächenbelag
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