EP3774772A1 - Cereblon ligands and bifunctional compounds comprising the same - Google Patents

Cereblon ligands and bifunctional compounds comprising the same

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Publication number
EP3774772A1
EP3774772A1 EP19719093.7A EP19719093A EP3774772A1 EP 3774772 A1 EP3774772 A1 EP 3774772A1 EP 19719093 A EP19719093 A EP 19719093A EP 3774772 A1 EP3774772 A1 EP 3774772A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alkyl
syndrome
group
optionally substituted
disease
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP19719093.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andrew P. Crew
Craig M. Crews
Hanqing Dong
Keith R. Hornberger
Jing Wang
Yimin Qian
Kurt Zimmermann
Michael Berlin
Lawrence B. Snyder
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Arvinas Operations Inc
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Arvinas Operations Inc
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Priority claimed from US15/953,108 external-priority patent/US20180228907A1/en
Application filed by Arvinas Operations Inc filed Critical Arvinas Operations Inc
Publication of EP3774772A1 publication Critical patent/EP3774772A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/444—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/4985—Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/517—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. quinazoline, perimidine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
    • A61K31/5513—1,4-Benzodiazepines, e.g. diazepam or clozapine
    • A61K31/5517—1,4-Benzodiazepines, e.g. diazepam or clozapine condensed with five-membered rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. imidazobenzodiazepines, triazolam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D495/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D495/14—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D498/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D498/14—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • bifunctional compounds comprising the same, and associated methods of use.
  • the bifunctional compounds are useful as modulators of targeted ubiquitination, especially with respect to a variety of polypeptides and other proteins, which are degraded and/or otherwise inhibited by bifunctional compounds according to the present disclosure.
  • E3 ubiquitin ligases (of which hundreds are known in humans) confer substrate specificity for ubiquitination, and therefore, are more attractive therapeutic targets than general proteasome inhibitors due to their specificity for certain protein substrates.
  • the development of ligands of E3 ligases has proven challenging, in part due to the fact that they must disrupt protein-protein interactions.
  • recent developments have provided specific ligands which bind to these ligases. For example, since the discovery of nutlins, the first small molecule E3 ligase inhibitors, additional compounds have been reported that target E3 ligases but the field remains underdeveloped.
  • VHL von Hippel-Lindau
  • VCB substrate recognition subunit/E3 ligase complex
  • VCB substrate recognition subunit/E3 ligase complex
  • the primary substrate of VHL is Hypoxia Inducible Factor la (HIF-la), a transcription factor that upregulates genes such as the pro-angiogenic growth factor VEGF and the red blood cell inducing cytokine erythropoietin in response to low oxygen levels.
  • HIF-la Hypoxia Inducible Factor la
  • VHL Von Hippel Lindau
  • Cereblon is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRBN gene. CRBN orthologs are highly conserved from plants to humans, which underscores its physiological importance. Cereblon forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1), Cullin-4A (CUL4A), and regulator of cullins 1 (ROC1). This complex ubiquitinates a number of other proteins. Through a mechanism which has not been completely elucidated, cereblon ubquitination of target proteins results in increased levels of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) and fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10). FGF8 in turn regulates a number of developmental processes, such as limb and auditory vesicle formation. The net result is that this ubiquitin ligase complex is important for limb outgrowth in embryos. In the absence of cereblon, DDB1 forms a complex with DDB2 that functions as a DNA damage-binding protein.
  • DDB1 forms a complex
  • Thalidomide which has been approved for the treatment of a number of immunological indications, has also been approved for the treatment of certain neoplastic diseases, including multiple myeloma.
  • thalidomide and several of its analogs are also currently under investigation for use in treating a variety of other types of cancer. While the precise mechanism of thalidomide’s anti -tumor activity is still emerging, it is known to inhibit angiogenesis.
  • Recent literature discussing the biology of the imides includes Lu et al Science 343, 305 (2014) and Kronke et al Science 343, 301 (2014).
  • thalidomide and its analogs e.g. pomolinamiode and lenalinomide
  • these agents bind to cereblon, altering the specificity of the complex to induce the ubiquitination and degradation of Ikaros (IKZF1) and Aiolos (IKZF3), transcription factors essential for multiple myeloma growth.
  • IKZF1 and Aiolos IKZF3
  • IKZF3 Aiolos
  • the present disclosure describes bifunctional compounds which function to recruit endogenous proteins to an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase for degradation, and methods of using the same.
  • the present disclosure provides bifunctional or proteolysis targeting chimeric (PROTAC) compounds, which find utility as modulators of targeted ubiquitination of a variety of polypeptides and other proteins, which are then degraded and/or otherwise inhibited by the bifunctional compounds as described herein.
  • An advantage of the compounds provided herein is that a broad range of pharmacological activities is possible, consistent with the degradation/inhibition of targeted polypeptides from virtually any protein class or family.
  • the description provides methods of using an effective amount of the compounds as described herein for the treatment or amelioration of a disease condition, such as cancer, e.g., multiple myeloma.
  • the disclosure provides novel imide-based compounds as described herein.
  • the disclosure provides bifunctional or PROTAC compounds, which comprise an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase binding moiety (i.e., a ligand for an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase or“LILM” group), and a moiety that binds a target protein (i.e., a protein/polypeptide targeting ligand or“PTM” group) such that the target protein/polypeptide is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase to effect degradation (and inhibition) of that protein.
  • the LILM is a cereblon E3 Ubiquitin Ligase binding moiety (i.e., a“CLM”).
  • the structure of the bifunctional compound can be depicted as:
  • the bifunctional compound further comprises a chemical linker (“L”).
  • L a chemical linker
  • the CLM of the bifunctional compound comprises chemistries such as imide, amide, thioamide, thioimide derived moieties.
  • the CLM comprises a phthalimido group or an analog or derivative thereof.
  • the CLM comprises a phthalimido-glutarimide group or an analog or derivative thereof.
  • the CLM comprises a member of the group consisting of thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, and analogs or derivatives thereof.
  • the compounds as described herein comprise multiple CLMs, multiple PTMs, multiple chemical linkers or a combination thereof.
  • the ULM ubiquitination ligase modulator
  • VHL Von Hippel-Lindau E3 ubiquitin ligase binding moiety
  • CLM cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase binding moiety
  • MDM2 mouse double minute 2 homolog
  • E3 ubiquitin ligase binding moiety MLM
  • IAP IAP E3 ubiquitin ligase binding moiety
  • the bifunctional compound includes at least one additional E3 ligase binding moiety selected from the group consisting of VLM, VLM’, CLM, CLM’, MLM, MLM’, ILM, ILM’, or a combination thereof.
  • additional E3 ligase binding moieties there can be at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 additional E3 ligase binding moieties.
  • the description provides therapeutic compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound as described herein or salt form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the therapeutic compositions modulate protein degradation in a patient or subject, for example, an animal such as a human, and can be used for treating or ameliorating disease states or conditions which are modulated through the degraded protein.
  • the therapeutic compositions as described herein may be used to effectuate the degradation of proteins of interest for the treatment or amelioration of a disease, e.g., cancer.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of ubiquitinating/ degrading a target protein in a cell.
  • the method comprises administering a bifunctional compound as described herein comprising an CLM and a PTM, preferably linked through a linker moiety, as otherwise described herein, wherein the CLM is coupled to the PTM and wherein the CLM recognizes a ubiquitin pathway protein (e.g., an ubiquitin ligase, preferably an E3 ubiquitin ligase such as, e.g., cereblon) and the PTM recognizes the target protein such that degradation of the target protein will occur when the target protein is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase, thus resulting in degradation/inhibition of the effects of the target protein and the control of protein levels.
  • a ubiquitin pathway protein e.g., an ubiquitin ligase, preferably an E3 ubiquitin ligase such as, e.g., cereblon
  • the PTM recognizes the target protein such that degradation of the target protein will occur when the target protein is placed in proximity to the ubiquit
  • the description provides a method for assessing (i.e., determining and/or measuring) a CLM’s binding affinity.
  • the method comprises providing a test agent or compound of interest, for example, an agent or compound having an imide moiety, e.g., a phthalimido group, phthalimido-glutarimide group, derivatized thalidomide, derivatized lenalidomide or derivatized pomalidomide, and comparing the cereblon binding affinity and/or inhibitory activity of the test agent or compound as compared to an agent or compound known to bind and/or inhibit the activity of cereblon.
  • an agent or compound having an imide moiety e.g., a phthalimido group, phthalimido-glutarimide group, derivatized thalidomide, derivatized lenalidomide or derivatized pomalidomide
  • the description provides methods for treating or emeliorating a disease, disorder or symptom thereof in a subject or a patient, e.g., an animal such as a human, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising an effective amount, e.g., a therapeutically effective amount, of a compound as described herein or salt form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the composition is effective for treating or ameliorating the disease or disorder or symptom thereof in the subject.
  • a composition comprising an effective amount, e.g., a therapeutically effective amount, of a compound as described herein or salt form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the composition is effective for treating or ameliorating the disease or disorder or symptom thereof in the subject.
  • the description provides methods for identifying the effects of the degradation of proteins of interest in a biological system using compounds according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1A and IB Illustration of general principle for PROTAC function.
  • Exemplary PROTACs comprise a protein targeting moiety (PTM; darkly shaded rectangle ), a ubiquitin ligase binding moiety (ULM; lightly shaded triangle ), and optionally a linker moiety (L; black line) coupling or tethering the PTM to the ULM.
  • PTM protein targeting moiety
  • ULM ubiquitin ligase binding moiety
  • L linker moiety
  • the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase is complexed with an E2 ubiquitin- conjugating protein, and either alone or via the E2 protein catalyzes attachment of ubiquitin (dark circles) to a lysine on the target protein via an isopeptide bond.
  • the poly-ubiquitinated protein (far right) is then targeted for degration by the proteosomal machinery of the cell.
  • compositions and methods that relate to the surprising and unexpected discovery that an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase protein, e.g., cereblon, ubiquitinates a target protein once it and the target protein are placed in proximity by a bifunctional or chimeric construct that binds the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase protein and the target protein.
  • the present disclosure provides such compounds and compositions comprising an E3 Ubiquintin Ligase binding moiety (“ULM”) coupled to a protein target binding moiety (“PTM”), which result in the ubiquitination of a chosen target protein, which leads to degradation of the target protein by the proteasome (see Figures 1A and IB).
  • UBM E3 Ubiquintin Ligase binding moiety
  • PTM protein target binding moiety
  • the present disclosure also provides a library of compositions and the use thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides compounds which comprise a ligand, e.g., a small molecule ligand (i.e., having a molecular weight of below 2,000, 1,000, 500, or 200 Daltons), which is capable of binding to a ubiquitin ligase, such as IAP, VHL, MDM2, or cereblon.
  • a ligand e.g., a small molecule ligand (i.e., having a molecular weight of below 2,000, 1,000, 500, or 200 Daltons)
  • a ubiquitin ligase such as IAP, VHL, MDM2, or cereblon.
  • the compounds also comprise a moiety that is capable of binding to target protein, in such a way that the target protein is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase to effect degradation (and/or inhibition) of that protein.
  • Small molecule can mean, in addition to the above, that the molecule is non-peptidyl, that is, it is not generally considered a peptide, e.g., comprises fewer than 4, 3, or 2 amino acids.
  • the PTM, ULM or PROTAC molecule can be a small molecule.
  • a reference to "A and/or B", when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in one embodiment, to A only (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B only (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc.
  • the phrase "at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from anyone or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every element specifically listed within the list of elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements.
  • This definition also allows that elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified within the list of elements to which the phrase "at least one" refers, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified.
  • At least one of A and B can refer, in one embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, with no B present (and optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, B, with no A present (and optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, and at least one, optionally including more than one, B (and optionally including other elements); etc.
  • co-administration and “co-administering” or“combination therapy” refer to both concurrent administration (administration of two or more therapeutic agents at the same time) and time varied administration (administration of one or more therapeutic agents at a time different from that of the administration of an additional therapeutic agent or agents), as long as the therapeutic agents are present in the patient to some extent, preferably at effective amounts, at the same time.
  • one or more of the present compounds described herein are coadministered in combination with at least one additional bioactive agent, especially including an anticancer agent.
  • the co-administration of compounds results in synergistic activity and/or therapy, including anticancer activity.
  • Deuterated small molecules contemplated are those in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms contained in the drug molecule have been replaced by deuterium.
  • the term compound generally refers to a single compound, but also may include other compounds such as stereoisomers, regioisomers and/or optical isomers (including racemic mixtures) as well as specific enantiomers or enantiomerically enriched mixtures of disclosed compounds.
  • the term also refers, in context to prodrug forms of compounds which have been modified to facilitate the administration and delivery of compounds to a site of activity. It is noted that in describing the present compounds, numerous substituents and variables associated with same, among others, are described. It is understood by those of ordinary skill that molecules which are described herein are stable compounds as generally described hereunder. When the bond is shown, both a double bond and single bond are represented or understood within the context of the compound shown and well-known rules for valence interactions.
  • the term“Ubiquitin Ligase” refers to a family of proteins that facilitate the transfer of ubiquitin to a specific substrate protein, targeting the substrate protein for degradation.
  • cereblon is an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase protein that alone or in combination with an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme causes the attachment of ubiquitin to a lysine on a target protein, and subsequently targets the specific protein substrates for degradation by the proteasome.
  • E3 ubiquitin ligase alone or in complex with an E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme is responsible for the transfer of ubiquitin to targeted proteins.
  • the ubiquitin ligase is involved in polyubiquitination such that a second ubiquitin is attached to the first; a third is attached to the second, and so forth.
  • Polyubiquitination marks proteins for degradation by the proteasome.
  • Mono- ubiquitinated proteins are not targeted to the proteasome for degradation, but may instead be altered in their cellular location or function, for example, via binding other proteins that have domains capable of binding ubiquitin.
  • different lysines on ubiquitin can be targeted by an E3 to make chains. The most common lysine is Lys48 on the ubiquitin chain. This is the lysine used to make polyubiquitin, which is recognized by the proteasome.
  • patient or“subject” is used throughout the specification to describe an animal, preferably a human or a domesticated animal, to whom treatment, including prophylactic treatment, with the compositions according to the present disclosure is provided.
  • patient refers to that specific animal, including a domesticated animal such as a dog or cat or a farm animal such as a horse, cow, sheep, etc.
  • patient refers to a human patient unless otherwise stated or implied from the context of the use of the term.
  • the term“effective” is used to describe an amount of a compound, composition or component which, when used within the context of its intended use, effects an intended result.
  • the term effective subsumes all other effective amount or effective concentration terms, which are otherwise described or used in the present application.
  • the description provides compounds comprising an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase binding moiety (“ULM”) that is a cereblon E3 Ubiquitin Ligase binding moiety (“CLM”).
  • the CLM is coupled to a chemical linker (L) according to the structure:
  • L is a chemical linker group and CLM is a cereblon E3 Ubiquitin Ligase binding moiety.
  • CLM cereblon E3 Ubiquitin Ligase binding moiety.
  • ULM and CLM are used in their inclusive sense unless the context indicates otherwise.
  • ULM is inclusive of all ULMs, including those that bind cereblon (i.e., CLMs).
  • CLM is inclusive of all possible cereblon E3 Ubiquitin Ligase binding moieties.
  • the present disclosure provides bifunctional or multifunctional PROTAC compounds useful for regulating protein activity by inducing the degradation of a target protein.
  • the compound comprises a CLM coupled, e.g., linked covalently, directly or indirectly, to a moiety that binds a target protein (i.e., protein targeting moiety or“PTM”).
  • PTM protein targeting moiety
  • the CLM and PTM are joined or coupled via a chemical linker (L).
  • L chemical linker
  • the CLM recognizes the cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase and the PTM recognizes a target protein and the interaction of the respective moieties with their targets facilitates the degradation of the target protein by placing the target protein in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase protein.
  • An exemplary bifunctional compound can be depicted as:
  • the bifunctional compound further comprises a chemical linker (“L”).
  • L a chemical linker
  • PTM is a protein/polypeptide targeting moiety
  • L is a linker
  • CLM is a cereblon E3 ligase binding moiety
  • the compounds as described herein comprise multiple PTMs (targeting the same or different protein targets), multiple CLMs, one or more ULMs (i.e., moieties that bind specifically to another E3 ETbiquitin Ligase, e.g., VHL) or a combination thereof.
  • the PTMs, CLMs, and LTLMs can be coupled directly or via one or more chemical linkers or a combination thereof.
  • the ULMs can be for the same E3 Ubiquintin Ligase or each respective ULM can bind specifically to a different E3 Ubiquitin Ligase.
  • the PTMs can bind the same target protein or each respective PTM can bind specifically to a different target protein.
  • the description provides a compound which comprises a plurality of CLMs coupled directly or via a chemical linker moiety (L).
  • a compound having two CLMs can be depicted as:
  • the CLMs are identical.
  • the compound comprising a plurality of CLMs further comprises at least one PTM coupled to a CLM directly or via a chemical linker (L) or both.
  • the compound comprising a plurality of CLMs further comprises multiple PTMs.
  • the PTMs are the same or, optionally, different.
  • wherein the PTMs are different the respective PTMs may bind the same protein target or bind specifically to a different protein target.
  • the description provides a compound comprising at least two different CLMs coupled directly or via a chemical linker (L) or both. For example, such a compound having two different CLMs can be depicted as:
  • CLM indicates a cereblon E3 Ubiquitin Ligase binding moiety that is structurally different from CLM.
  • the compound may comprise a plurality of CLMs and/or a plurality of CLM’s.
  • the compound comprising at least two different CLMs, a plurality of CLMs, and/or a plurality of CLM’s further comprises at least one PTM coupled to a CLM or a CLM’ directly or via a chemical linker or both.
  • a compound comprising at least two different CLMs can further comprise multiple PTMs.
  • the PTMs are the same or, optionally, different.
  • the respective PTMs may bind the same protein target or bind specifically to a different protein target.
  • the PTM itself is a ULM or CLM (or ULM’ or CLM’).
  • the CLM comprises a moiety that is a ligand of the cereblon E3 Ubiquitin Ligase (CRBN).
  • the CLM comprises a chemotype from the“imide” class of of molecules.
  • the CLM comprises a phthalimido group or an analog or derivative thereof.
  • the CLM comprises a phthalimido-glutarimide group or an analog or derivative thereof.
  • the CLM comprises a member of the group consisting of thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, and analogs or derivatives thereof.
  • the description provides the compounds as described herein including their enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and polymorphs, including pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, e.g., acid and base salt forms.
  • the description provides compounds useful for binding and/or inhibiting cereblon E3 Ubiquitin Ligase binding moiety.
  • the compound has a chemical structure that includes at least one of (e.g., the compound has a chemical structure selected from the group consisting of): [0055] Neo-imide Compounds
  • the description provides compounds useful for binding and/or inhibiting cereblon.
  • the compound is selected from the group consisting of chemical structures:
  • W 3 is selected from C or N;
  • each X of Formulas (a) through (e) is absent or independently selected from the group O and S ;
  • each Z of Formulas (a) through (e) is absent or independently selected from the group O and S, except that both X and Z cannot be absent ;
  • G and G’of Formulas (a) through (e) are independently selected from the group H, alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted), OH, R’OCOOR, R’OCONRR”, CH 2 - heterocyclyl optionally substituted with R’, and benzyl optionally substituted with R’;
  • Ql - Q4 of Formulas (a) through (e) represent a carbon C substituted with a group independently selected from R’, N or N-oxide;
  • a of Formulas (a) through (e) is independently selected from the group H, alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted), cycloalkyl, Cl and F;
  • R of Formulas (a) through (e) comprises, but is not limited to: -CONR’R”, -OR’, -NR’R”, - SR’, -S0 2 R ⁇ -SO I NR’R”, -CR’R”-, -CR’NR’R”-, (-CRO) n’ R”, -aryl, -hetaryl, -alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted), -cycloalkyl, -heterocyclyl, -P(0)(0R’)R”, - P(0)R’R”, -0P(0)(0R’)R”, -0P(0)R’R”, -Cl, -F, -Br, -I, -CF 3 , -CN, -NR’
  • ri of Formulas (a) through (e) is an integer from 1-10 (e.g., 1-4);
  • Formulas (a) through (e) represents a bond that may be stereospecific ((R) or (S)) or non-stereospecific;
  • Rn represents a bond that may be stereospecific ((R) or (S)) or non-stereospecific; and Rn comprises 1-4 independent functional groups, optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl (e.g., a C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, cycloalkyl (e.g., a C3-C6 cycloalkyl), or aryl (e.g., C5-C7 aryl)), optionally substituted aryl (e.g., an optionally substituted C5-C7 aryl), optionally substituted alkyl- aryl (e.g., an alkyl-aryl comprising at least one of an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C5-C7 aryl, or combinations thereof), optionally substituted alkoxyl group (e.g., a methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, propoxy, pentoxy,
  • C5-C7 aryl optionally substituted optionally substituted with one or more halogen, alkyl, haloalky, fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl (e.g., a C3- C6 cycloalkyl), or aryl (e.g., C5-C7 aryl)), or atoms; and
  • each of x, y, and z are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6,
  • the CLM comprises a chemical structure selected from the group:
  • W 3 is selected from C or N;
  • each X of Formulas (a) through (f) is absent or independently selected from the group O and
  • each Z of Formulas (a) through (f) is absent or independently selected from the group O and S, except that both X and Z cannot be absent;
  • G and G’ of Formulas (a) through (f) are independently selected from the group H, alkyl (linear, branched), OH, R’OCOOR, R’OCONRR”, CH 2 -heterocyclyl optionally substituted with R’, and benzyl optionally substituted with R’;
  • Ql - Q4 of Formulas (a) through (f) represent a carbon C substituted with a group independently selected from R’, N or N-oxide;
  • a of Formulas (a) through (f) is independently selected from the group H, alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted), cycloalkyl, Cl and F;
  • R of Formulas (a) through (f) comprises, but is not limited to: -CONR’R”, -OR’, -NR’R”, - SR’, -S02R’, -S02NR’R”, -CR’R”-, -CR’NR’R”-, (-CRO) n’ R”, -aryl, -hetaryl, -alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted), -cycloalkyl, -heterocyclyl, -P(0)(0R’)R”, - P(0)R’R”, -0P(0)(0R’)R”, -0P(0)R’R”, -Cl, -F, -Br, -I, -CF3, -CN, -NR’S02NR
  • ri of Formulas (a) through (f) is an integer from 1-10 (e.g., 1-4);
  • Formulas (a) through (f) represents a bond that may be stereospecific ((R) or (S)) or non-stereospecific;
  • Rn comprises 1-4 independent functional groups, optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl (e.g., a C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, cycloalkyl (e.g., a C3-C6 cycloalkyl), or aryl (e.g., C5-C7 aryl)), optionally substituted aryl (e.g., an optionally substituted C5-C7 aryl), optionally substituted alkyl- aryl (e.g., an alkyl-aryl comprising at least one of an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C5-C7 aryl, or combinations thereof), optionally substituted alkoxyl group (e.g., a methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, propoxy, pentoxy, or hexoxy; wherein the alkoxyl may be substituted with one or more halogen, alkyl,
  • C5-C7 aryl optionally substituted optionally substituted with one or more halogen, alkyl, haloalky, fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl (e.g., a C3- C6 cycloalkyl), or aryl (e.g., C5-C7 aryl)), or atoms; and
  • each of x, y, and z are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
  • each of the X and Z of the 6-member monocyclic cyloalkyl or monocyclic heterocycloalkyl of the CLM are each independently absent, O or S, except that both X and Z cannot be absent.
  • X on the middle ring is selected from O and S, and each of the X and Z of the 6-member monocyclic cyloalkyl or monocyclic heterocycloalkyl of the CLM are each independently absent, O or S, except that both X and Z cannot be absent.
  • the CLM or ULM comprises a chemical structure selected from the group:
  • R of Formula (g) is independently selected from a H, methyl, alkyl (e.g., a or C1-C6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted));
  • Formula (g) represents a bond that may be stereospecific ((R) or (S)) or non stereospecific;
  • Rn comprises 1-4 independent functional groups, optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl (e.g., a C1-C6 linear or branched alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, cycloalkyl (e.g., a C3-C6 cycloalkyl), or aryl (e.g., C5-C7 aryl)), optionally substituted aryl (e.g., an optionally substituted C5-C7 aryl), optionally substituted alkyl- aryl (e.g., an alkyl-aryl comprising at least one of an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C5-C7 aryl, or combinations thereof), optionally substituted alkoxyl group (e.g., a methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, propoxy, pentoxy, or hexoxy; wherein the alkoxyl may be substituted with one or more halogen, alkyl,
  • C5-C7 aryl optionally substituted optionally substituted with one or more halogen, alkyl, haloalky, fluoroalkyl, cycloalkyl (e.g., a C3- C6 cycloalkyl), or aryl (e.g., C5-C7 aryl)), or atoms.
  • the W, X, Y, Z, G, G’, R, R’, R”, Ql- Q4, A, and Rn of Formulas (a) through (g) can independently be covalently coupled to a linker and/or a linker to which is attached one or more PTM, ULM, CLM or CLM’ groups.
  • CLMs include those shown below as well as those“hybrid” molecules that arise from the combination of 1 or more of the different features shown in the molecules below.
  • alkyl shall mean within its context a linear, branch-chained or cyclic fully saturated hydrocarbon radical or alkyl group, preferably a Ci-Cio, more preferably a Ci-C 6 , alternatively a C 1 -C 3 alkyl group, which may be optionally substituted.
  • alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, isopropyl, 2-methylpropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopen- tylethyl, cyclohexyl ethyl and cyclohexyl, among others.
  • the alkyl group is end-capped with a halogen group (At, Br, Cl, F, or I).
  • compounds according to the present disclosure which may be used to covalently bind to dehalogenase enzymes.
  • These compounds generally contain a side chain (often linked through a polyethylene glycol group) which terminates in an alkyl group which has a halogen substituent (often chlorine or bromine) on its distal end which results in covalent binding of the compound containing such a moiety to the protein.
  • Alkoxy refers to an alkyl group singularly bonded to oxygen.
  • Alkynyl refers to linear, branch-chained or cyclic C2-C10 (preferably C 2 - C 6 ) hydrocarbon radicals containing at least one CoC bond.
  • alkylene when used, refers to a -(CH 2 ) n - group (n is an integer generally from 0-6), which may be optionally substituted.
  • the alkylene group preferably is substituted on one or more of the methylene groups with a Ci-C 6 alkyl group (including a cyclopropyl group or a t-butyl group), but may also be substituted with one or more halo groups, preferably from 1 to 3 halo groups or one or two hydroxyl groups, 0-(Ci-C 6 alkyl) groups or amino acid sidechains as otherwise disclosed herein.
  • an alkylene group may be substituted with a urethane or alkoxy group (or other group) which is further substituted with a polyethylene glycol chain (of from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6, often 1 to 4 ethylene glycol units) to which is substituted (preferably, but not exclusively on the distal end of the polyethylene glycol chain) an alkyl chain substituted with a single halogen group, preferably a chlorine group.
  • a polyethylene glycol chain of from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6, often 1 to 4 ethylene glycol units
  • the alkylene (often, a methylene) group may be substituted with an amino acid sidechain group such as a sidechain group of a natural or unnatural amino acid, for example, alanine, b-alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, cystine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, phenylalanine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, methionine, proline, serine, threonine, valine, tryptophan or tyrosine.
  • an amino acid sidechain group such as a sidechain group of a natural or unnatural amino acid, for example, alanine, b-alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, cystine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, phenylalanine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, methion
  • the term“unsubstituted” shall mean substituted only with hydrogen atoms.
  • a range of carbon atoms which includes Co means that carbon is absent and is replaced with H.
  • a range of carbon atoms which is Co-C 6 includes carbons atoms of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 and for Co, H stands in place of carbon.
  • substituted or“optionally substituted” shall mean independently (i.e., where more than substituent occurs, each substituent is independent of another substituent) one or more substituents (independently up to five substitutents, preferably up to three substituents, often 1 or 2 substituents on a moiety in a compound according to the present disclosure and may include substituents which themselves may be further substituted) at a carbon (or nitrogen) position anywhere on a molecule within context, and includes as substituents hydroxyl, thiol, carboxyl, cyano (CoN), nitro (N0 2 ), halogen (preferably, 1, 2 or 3 halogens, especially on an alkyl, especially a methyl group such as a trifluoromethyl), an alkyl group (preferably, Ci-Cio , more preferably, Ci-C 6 ), aryl (especially phenyl and substituted phenyl for example benzyl or benzoyl), alkoxy group
  • Substituents according to the present disclosure may include, for example - SiRisubR2subR3sub group s where each of Risub and R 2su b is as otherwise described herein and R3 ⁇ 4ub is H or a Ci-C 6 alkyl group, preferably Risub, R3 ⁇ 4ub, R3sub in this context is a C1-C3 alkyl group (including an isopropyl or t-butyl group).
  • Each of the above-described groups may be linked directly to the substituted moiety or alternatively, the substituent may be linked to the substituted moiety (preferably in the case of an aryl or heteraryl moiety) through an optionally substituted - (CH 2 ) m - or alternatively an optionally substituted -(OCH 2 ) m -, -(OCH 2 CH 2 ) m - or -(CH 2 CH 2 0) m - group, which may be substituted with any one or more of the above-described substituents.
  • Alkylene groups -(CH 2 ) m - or -(CIT 2 ) n - groups or other chains such as ethylene glycol chains, as identified above, may be substituted anywhere on the chain.
  • Preferred substitutents on alkylene groups include halogen or Ci-C 6 (preferably C1-C3) alkyl groups, which may be optionally substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups, one or two ether groups (0-Ci-C 6 groups), up to three halo groups (preferably F), or a sidechain of an amino acid as otherwise described herein and optionally substituted amide (preferably carboxamide substituted as described above) or urethane groups (often with one or two Co-C 6 alkyl substitutents, which group(s) may be further substituted).
  • the alkylene group (often a single methylene group) is substituted with one or two optionally substituted Ci-C 6 alkyl groups, preferably C1-C4 alkyl group, most often methyl or O-methyl groups or a sidechain of an amino acid as otherwise described herein.
  • a moiety in a molecule may be optionally substituted with up to five substituents, preferably up to three substituents. Most often, in the present disclosure, moieties which are substituted are substituted with one or two substituents.
  • the term“substituted” shall also mean within its context of use Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, halogen, amido, carboxamido, sulfone, including sulfonamide, keto, carboxy, Ci-C 6 ester (oxyester or carbonylester), Ci-C 6 keto, urethane -0-C(0)-NRi Sub R2sub or -N(Ri Sub )-C(0)-0-Ri Sub , nitro, cyano and amine (especially including a Ci-C 6 alkylene-NRi Sub R2su b , a mono- or di- Ci-C 6 alkyl substituted amines which may be optionally substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups).
  • Ri sub and R 2sub are each, within context, H or a Ci-C 6 alkyl group (which may be optionally substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups or up to three halogen groups, preferably fluorine).
  • the term“substituted” shall also mean, within the chemical context of the compound defined and substituent used, an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group as otherwise described herein.
  • Alkylene groups may also be substituted as otherwise disclosed herein, preferably with optionally substituted Ci-C 6 alkyl groups (methyl, ethyl or hydroxymethyl or hydroxyethyl is preferred, thus providing a chiral center), a sidechain of an amino acid group as otherwise described herein, an amido group as described hereinabove, or a urethane group 0-C(0)-NRi S ubR2sub group where Ri su b and R 2s ub are as otherwise described herein, although numerous other groups may also be used as substituents.
  • Various optionally substituted moieties may be substituted with 3 or more substituents, preferably no more than 3 substituents and preferably with 1 or 2 substituents.
  • aryl or“aromatic”, in context, refers to a substituted (as otherwise described herein) or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic radical having a single ring (e.g., benzene, phenyl, benzyl) or condensed rings (e.g., naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, etc.) and can be bound to the compound according to the present disclosure at any available stable position on the ring(s) or as otherwise indicated in the chemical structure presented.
  • aryl groups in context, may include heterocyclic aromatic ring systems, “heteroaryl” groups having one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur atoms in the ring (moncyclic) such as imidazole, furyl, pyrrole, furanyl, thiene, thiazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazole, oxazole or fused ring systems such as indole, quinoline, indolizine, azaindolizine, benzofurazan, etc., among others, which may be optionally substituted as described above.
  • heteroaryl groups having one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur atoms in the ring (moncyclic) such as imidazole, furyl, pyrrole, furanyl, thiene, thiazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazole, oxazole or fused ring systems such as indole, quinoline, indolizin
  • heteroaryl groups include nitrogen-containing heteroaryl groups such as pyrrole, pyridine, pyridone, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, triazine, tetrazole, indole, isoindole, indolizine, azaindolizine, purine, indazole, quinoline, dihydroquinoline, tetrahydroquinoline, isoquinoline, dihydroisoquinoline, tetrahydroisoquinoline, quinolizine, phthalazine, naphthyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, imidazopyridine, imidazotriazine, pyrazinopyridazine, acridine, phenanthridine, carbazole, carbazoline, pyrimidine, phenanthroline
  • substituted aryl refers to an aromatic carbocyclic group comprised of at least one aromatic ring or of multiple condensed rings at least one of which being aromatic, wherein the ring(s) are substituted with one or more substituents.
  • an aryl group can comprise a substituent(s) selected from: -(CH 2 ) n OH, -(CH 2 ) n -0-(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, -(CH 2 ) n -0-(CH 2 ) n - (Ci-C 6 )alkyl, -(CH 2 )n-C(0)(Co-C 6 ) alkyl, -(CH 2 )n-C(0)0(Co-C 6 )alkyl, -(CH 2 ) n -OC(0)(Co- C 6 )alkyl, amine, mono- or di-(Ci-C 6 alkyl) amine wherein the alkyl group on the amine is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 hydroxyl groups or up to three halo (preferably F, Cl) groups, OH, COOH, Ci-C 6 alkyl, preferably C3 ⁇ 4, CF 3 , OMe, OCF 3 , NO2, or
  • Carboxyl denotes the group— C(0)0R, where R is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl , whereas these generic substituents have meanings which are identical with definitions of the corresponding groups defined herein.
  • heteroaryf’or“hetaryl” can mean but is in no way limited to an optionally substituted quinoline (which may be attached to the pharmacophore or substituted on any carbon atom within the quinoline ring), an optionally substituted indole (including dihydroindole), an optionally substituted indolizine, an optionally substituted azaindolizine (2, 3 or 4-azaindolizine) an optionally substituted benzimidazole, benzodiazole, benzoxofuran, an optionally substituted imidazole, an optionally substituted isoxazole, an optionally substituted oxazole (preferably methyl substituted), an optionally substituted diazole, an optionally substituted triazole, a tetrazole, an optionally substituted benzofuran, an optionally substituted thiophene, an optionally substituted thiazole (preferably methyl and/or thiol substituted), an optionally substituted quinoline (including
  • S c is CHR SS , NR ure , or O;
  • R HET is H, CN, N0 2 , halo (preferably Cl or F), optionally substituted Ci-C 6 alkyl (preferably substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups or up to three halo groups (e.g. CF 3 ), optionally substituted 0(Ci-C 6 alkyl) (preferably substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups or up to three halo groups) or an optionally substituted acetylenic group -CoC-R a where R a is H or a Ci-C 6 alkyl group (preferably C1-C3 alkyl);
  • R ss is H, CN, NO2, halo (preferably F or Cl), optionally substituted Ci-C 6 alkyl (preferably substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups or up to three halo groups), optionally substituted 0-(Ci-C 6 alkyl) (preferably substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups or up to three halo groups) or an optionally substituted -C(0)(Ci-C 6 alkyl) (preferably substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups or up to three halo groups);
  • R URE J S ai ⁇ yi (preferably H or C1-C3 alkyl) or a -C(0)(Ci-C 6 alkyl), each of which groups is optionally substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups or up to three halogen, preferably fluorine groups, or an optionally substituted heterocycle, for example piperidine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, piperidine, piperazine, each of which is optionally substituted, and
  • Y c is N or C-R YC , where R YC is H, OH, CN, NO2, halo (preferably Cl or F), optionally substituted Ci-C 6 alkyl (preferably substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups or up to three halo groups (e.g. CF 3 ), optionally substituted 0(Ci-C 6 alkyl) (preferably substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups or up to three halo groups) or an optionally substituted acetylenic group -CoC-R a where R a is H or a Ci-C 6 alkyl group (preferably C1-C3 alkyl).
  • Heterocycle refers to a cyclic group which contains at least one heteroatom, e.g., N, O or S, and may be aromatic (heteroaryl) or non-aromatic.
  • heteroaryl moieties are subsumed under the definition of heterocycle, depending on the context of its use. Exemplary heteroaryl groups are described hereinabove.
  • heterocyclics include: azetidinyl, benzimidazolyl, 1,4- benzodioxanyl, 1,3 -benzodioxolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothi azolyl, benzothienyl, dihydroimidazolyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrofuranyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, ethyleneurea, l,3-dioxolane, l,3-dioxane, l,4-dioxane, furyl, homopiperidinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isoquinolmy!, isothiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, morpholinyl, naphthyridinyl, o
  • Heterocyclic groups can be optionally substituted with a member selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, substituted cycloalkenyl, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, amino, substituted amino, aminoacyl, aminoacyloxy, oxyaminoacyl, azido, cyano, halogen, hydroxyl, keto, thioketo, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheterocyclooxy, thiol, thioalkoxy, substituted thioalkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryl oxy, heterocyclic, heterocyclooxy, hydroxyamino, alkoxyamino, nitro, — SO-alkyl, — SO-substituted alkyl,
  • heterocyclic groups can have a single ring or multiple condensed rings.
  • nitrogen heterocycles and heteroaryls include, but are not limited to, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, indolizine, isoindole, indole, indazole, purine, quinolizine, isoquinoline, quinoline, phthalazine, naphthylpyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, carbazole, carboline, phenanthridine, acridine, phenanthroline, isothiazole, phenazine, isoxazole, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, imidazolidine, imidazoline, piperidine, piperazine, indoline, morpholino, piperidinyl, tetrahydrofur
  • heterocyclic also includes bi cyclic groups in which any of the heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring or another heterocyclic ring (for example, indolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, tetrahydroquinolyl, and the like).
  • cycloalkyl can mean but is in no way limited to univalent groups derived from monocyclic or polycyclic alkyl groups or cycloalkanes, as defined herein, e.g., saturated monocyclic hydrocarbon groups having from three to twenty carbon atoms in the ring, including, but not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and the like.
  • substituted cycloalkyl can mean but is in no way limited to a monocyclic or polycyclic alkyl group and being substituted by one or more substituents, for example, amino, halogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, carbyloxy, carbylmercapto, aryl, nitro, mercapto or sulfo, whereas these generic substituent groups have meanings which are identical with definitions of the corresponding groups as defined in this legend.
  • hydrocarbyl shall mean a compound which contains carbon and hydrogen and which may be fully saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic and includes aryl groups, alkyl groups, alkenyl groups and alkynyl groups.
  • lower alkyl refers to methyl, ethyl or propyl
  • lower alkoxy refers to methoxy, ethoxy or propoxy.
  • CLMs include those shown below as well as“hybrid” molecules or compounds that arise from combining 1 or more featrues of the following compounds:
  • R 1 is selected from the group absent, H, CH, CN, C1-C3 alkyl;
  • R 2 is H or a C1-C3 alkyl
  • R 3 is selected from H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy;
  • R 4 is methyl or ethyl
  • R 5 is H or halo
  • R 6 is H or halo;
  • R of the CLM is H;
  • R’ is H or an attachment point for a PTM, a PTM’, a chemical linker group (L), a ULM, a CLM, a CLM’,
  • Ql and Q2 are each independently C or N substituted with a group independently selected from H or C1-C3 alkyl;
  • Rn comprises a functional group or an atom.
  • the W, R 1 , R 2 , Qi, Q 2 , Q 3 , Q 4 , and Rn can independently be covalently coupled to a linker and/or a linker to which is attached one or more PTM, ULM, ULM’, CLM or CLM’ groups.
  • the R 1 , R 2 , Qi, Q 2 , Q3, Q4, and Rn can independently be covalently coupled to a linker and/or a linker to which is attached one or more PTM, ULM, ULM’, CLM or CLM’ groups.
  • the Qi, Q 2 , Q3, Q4, and Rn can independently be covalently coupled to a linker and/or a linker to which is attached one or more PTM, ULM, ULM’, CLM or CLM’ groups.
  • R n is modified to be covalently joined to the linker group (L), a PTM, a ULM, a second CLM having the same chemical structure as the CLM, a CLM’, a second linker, or any multiple or combination thereof.
  • the compounds as described herein include one or more CLMs chemically linked or coupled to one or more PTMs (e.g., PTM and/or PTM’), ULMs (e.g., ULM, ULM’, and/or CLM’) via a chemical linker (L).
  • the linker group L is a group comprising one or more covalently connected structural units (e.g., -A L i ...
  • a L i is a group coupled to PTM
  • Aq is a group coupled to at least one of a ULM, a ULM’, a CLM, a CLM’, or a combination thereof.
  • a L i links a CLM or CLM’ directly to another ULM, PTM, or combination thereof.
  • a L I links a CLM or CLM’ indirectly to another ULM, PTM, or combination thereof through A q.
  • the linker group L is a bond or a chemical linker group represented by the formula -(A L ) q -, wherein A is a chemical moiety and q is an integer from 1-100, and wherein L is covalently bound to the PTM and the ULM, and provides for sufficient binding of the PTM to the protein target and the ULM to an E3 ubiquitin ligase to result in target protein ubiquitination.
  • the linker group is -(A L ) q -, wherein
  • a L ) q - is a group which is connected to at least one of a ULM moiety, a PTM moiety, or a combination thereof;
  • q of the linker is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
  • R L1 , R L2 , R L3 , R L4 and R L5 are, each independently, H, halo, Ci -8 alkyl, OCi -8 alkyl, SCi -8 alkyl, NHCi -8 alkyl, N(Ci -8 alkyl) 2 , C3-ncycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C3-nheterocyclyl, OCi- 8cycloalkyl, SCi -8 cycloalkyl, NHCi -8 cycloalkyl, N(Ci -8 cycloalkyl) 2 , N(Ci -8 cycloalkyl)(Ci.
  • q of the linker is an integer greater than or equal to 0. In certain embodiments, q is an integer greater than or equal to 1. [0093] In certain embodiments, e.g., where q is greater than 2, A L q is a group which is connected to a ULM or ULM’ moiety (such as CLM or CLM’), and A L i and A L q are connected via structural units of the linker (L).
  • a L q is a group which is connected to A L i and to a ULM or a ULM’ moiety (such as CLM or CLM’).
  • the structure of the linker group L is -A L i-, and A L i is a group which is connected to a ULM or ULM’ moiety (such as CLM or CLM’) and a PTM moiety.
  • the linker (L) comprises a group represented by a general structure selected from the group consisting of:
  • n of the linker can be 0 to 10;
  • R of the linker can be H, lower alkyl
  • Rl and R2 of the linker can form a ring with the connecting N.
  • the A L group is represented by a general structure selected from the group consisting of:
  • n, o, p, q, and r of the linker are independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20;
  • R of the linker is H, methyl and ethyl
  • X of the linker is H and F
  • m of the linker can be 2, 3, 4, 5;
  • n and m of the linker can independently be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • the A L group is selected from the group consisting of:
  • each m and n is independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , or 6.
  • a L group is selected from the group consisting of:
  • each m, n, o, p, q, and r is independently 0, 1, 2,
  • the A L group is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the linker (L) comprises a structure selected from, but not limited to the structure shown below, where a dashed line indicates the attachment point to the PTM or ULM moieties:
  • W L1 and W L2 are each independently absent, a 4-8 membered ring with 0-4 heteroatoms, optionally substituted with R Q , each R Q is independently a H, halo, OH, CN, CF 3 , Ci-C 6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted), Ci-C 6 alkoxy (linear, branched, optionally substituted), or 2 R Q groups taken together with the atom they are attached to, form a 4-8 membered ring system containing 0-4 heteroatoms;
  • Y L1 is each independently a bond, Ci-C 6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted) and optionally one or more C atoms are replaced with O; or Ci-C 6 alkoxy (linear, branched, optionally substituted);
  • n 0-10;
  • a dashed line indicates the attachment point to the PTM or ULM moieties.
  • the linker (L) comprises a structure selected from, but not limited to the structure shown below, where a dashed line indicates the attachment point to the PTM or ULM moieties:
  • W L1 and W L2 are each independently absent, aryl, heteroaryl, cyclic, heterocyclic, Ci- 6 alkyl and optionally one or more C atoms are replaced with O, Ci -6 alkene and optionally one or more C atoms are replaced with O, Ci -6 alkyne and optionally one or more C atoms are replaced with O, bicyclic, biaryl, biheteroaryl, or biheterocyclic, each optionally substituted with R Q , each R Q is independently a H, halo, OH, CN, CF 3 , hydroxyl, nitro, C o CH, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, Ci-C 6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted), Ci-C 6 alkoxy (linear, branched, optionally substituted), OCi ⁇ alkyl (optionally substituted by 1 or more -F), OH, NH2, NR Y1 R Y2
  • Q L is a 3-6 membered alicyclic or aromatic ring with 0-4 heteroatoms, optionally bridged, optionally substituted with 0-6 R Q , each R Q is independently H, Ci -6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo, Ci -6 alkoxyl), or 2 R Q groups taken together with the atom they are attached to, form a 3-8 membered ring system containing 0-2 heteroatoms);
  • R YL1 , R YL2 are each independently H, OH, Ci -6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo, Ci -6 alkoxyl), or R 1 , R 2 together with the atom they are attached to, form a 3-8 membered ring system containing 0-2 heteroatoms);
  • n 0-10;
  • a dashed line indicates the attachment point to the PTM or ULM moieties.
  • the linker group is optionally substituted (poly)ethyleneglycol having between 1 and about 100 ethylene glycol units, between about 1 and about 50 ethylene glycol units, between 1 and about 25 ethylene glycol units, between about 1 and 10 ethylene glycol units, between 1 and about 8 ethylene glycol units and 1 and 6 ethylene glycol units, between 2 and 4 ethylene glycol units, or optionally substituted alkyl groups interdispersed with optionally substituted, O, N, S, P or Si atoms.
  • the linker is substituted with an aryl, phenyl, benzyl, alkyl, alkylene, or heterocycle group.
  • the linker may be asymmetric or symmetrical.
  • the linker group may be any suitable moiety as described herein.
  • the linker is a substituted or unsubstituted polyethylene glycol group ranging in size from about 1 to about 12 ethylene glycol units, between 1 and about 10 ethylene glycol units, about 2 about 6 ethylene glycol units, between about 2 and 5 ethylene glycol units, between about 2 and 4 ethylene glycol units.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a compound which comprises a PTM group, which binds to a target protein or polypeptide, which is ubiquitinated by an ubiquitin ligase and is chemically linked directly to the ULM group (such as CLM) or through a linker moiety L, or PTM is alternatively a ULM’ group (such as CLM’) which is also a ubiquitin ligase binding moiety, which may be the same or different than the ULM group as described above and is linked directly to the ULM group directly or through the linker moiety; and L is a linker moiety as described above which may be present or absent and which chemically (covalently) links ULM to PTM, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, stereoisomer, solvate or polymorph thereof.
  • PTM is alternatively a ULM’ group (such as CLM’) which is also a ubiquitin ligase binding moiety, which may be the same or different than the ULM group
  • the linker group L is a group comprising one or more covalently connected structural units independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • the X is selected from the group consisting of O, N, S, S(O) and S0 2 ; n is integer from 1 to 5;
  • R L1 is hydrogen or alkyl, is a mono- or bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents selected from alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy or
  • cyano is a mono- or bicyclic cycloalkyl or a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents selected from alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy or cyano; and the phenyl ring fragment can be optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the grou consisting of alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy and cyano.
  • the linker group L comprises up to 10 covalently connected structural units, as described above.
  • the ULM group and PTM group may be covalently linked to the linker group through any group which is appropriate and stable to the chemistry of the linker, in preferred aspects of the present dislcosure, the linker is independently covalently bonded to the ULM group and the PTM group preferably through an amide, ester, thioester, keto group, carbamate (urethane), carbon or ether, each of which groups may be inserted anywhere on the ULM group and PTM group to provide maximum binding of the ULM group on the ubiquitin ligase and the PTM group on the target protein to be degraded.
  • the target protein for degradation may be the ubiquitin ligase itself).
  • the linker may be linked to an optionally substituted alkyl, alkylene, alkene or alkyne group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group on the ULM and/or PTM groups.
  • q is an integer from 1 to 100, 1 to 90, 1 to 80, 1 to 70, 1 to 60, 1 to 50, 1 to 40, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10.
  • the linker (L) is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the linker group is optionally substituted (poly)ethyleneglycol having between 1 and about 100 ethylene glycol units, between about 1 and about 50 ethylene glycol units, between 1 and about 25 ethylene glycol units, between about 1 and 10 ethylene glycol units, between 1 and about 8 ethylene glycol units and 1 and 6 ethylene glycol units, between 2 and 4 ethylene glycol units, or optionally substituted alkyl groups interdispersed with optionally substituted, O, N, S, P or Si atoms.
  • the linker is substituted with an aryl, phenyl, benzyl, alkyl, alkylene, or heterocycle group.
  • the linker may be asymmetric or symmetrical.
  • the linker group may be any suitable moiety as described herein.
  • the linker is a substituted or unsubstituted polyethylene glycol group ranging in size from about 1 to about 12 ethylene glycol units, between 1 and about 10 ethylene glycol units, about 2 about 6 ethylene glycol units, between about 2 and 5 ethylene glycol units, between about 2 and 4 ethylene glycol units.
  • the CLM (or ULM) group and PTM group may be covalently linked to the linker group through any group which is appropriate and stable to the chemistry of the linker, in preferred aspects of the present disclosure, the linker is independently covalently bonded to the CLM group and the PTM group preferably through an amide, ester, thioester, keto group, carbamate (urethane), carbon or ether, each of which groups may be inserted anywhere on the CLM group and PTM group to provide maximum binding of the CLM group on the ubiquitin ligase and the PTM group on the target protein to be degraded.
  • the target protein for degradation may be the ubiquitin ligase itself).
  • the linker may be linked to an optionally substituted alkyl, alkylene, alkene or alkyne group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group on the CLM and/or PTM groups.
  • “L” can be linear chains with linear atoms from 4 to 24, the carbon atom in the linear chain can be substituted with oxygen, nitrogen, amide, fluorinated carbon, etc., such as the following:
  • “L” can be nonlinear chains, and can be aliphatic or aromatic or heteroaromatic cyclic moieties, some examples of “L” include but not be limited to the following:
  • ‘X” in above structures can be linear chain with atoms ranging from 2 to 14, and the mentioned chain can contain heteroatoms such as oxygen;
  • the PTM group is a group, which binds to target proteins.
  • Targets of the PTM group are numerous in kind and are selected from proteins that are expressed in a cell such that at least a portion of the sequences is found in the cell and may bind to a PTM group.
  • the term“protein” includes oligopeptides and polypeptide sequences of sufficient length that they can bind to a PTM group according to the present disclosure. Any protein in a eukaryotic system or a microbial system, including a virus, bacteria or fungus, as otherwise described herein, are targets for ubiquitination mediated by the compounds according to the present disclosure.
  • the target protein is a eukaryotic protein.
  • the protein binding moiety is a haloalkane (preferably a C1-C10 alkyl group which is substituted with at least one halo group, preferably a halo group at the distal end of the alkyl group, i.e., away from the linker or CLM group), which may covalently bind to a dehalogenase enzyme in a patient or subject or in a diagnostic assay.
  • a haloalkane preferably a C1-C10 alkyl group which is substituted with at least one halo group, preferably a halo group at the distal end of the alkyl group, i.e., away from the linker or CLM group
  • PTM groups include, for example, include any moiety which binds to a protein specifically (binds to a target protein) and includes the following non-limiting examples of small molecule target protein moieties: Hsp90 inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, androgen receptor inhibitors, HDM2 & MDM2 inhibitors, compounds targeting Human BET Bromodomain-containing proteins, HDAC inhibitors, human lysine methyltransferase inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, nuclear hormone receptor compounds, immunosuppressive compounds, and compounds targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), among numerous others.
  • the compositions described below exemplify some of the members of these nine types of small molecule target protein binding moieties.
  • Such small molecule target protein binding moieties also include pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomers, solvates and polymorphs of these compositions, as well as other small molecules that may target a protein of interest.
  • These binding moieties are linked to the ubiquitin ligase binding moiety preferably through a linker in order to present a target protein (to which the protein target moiety is bound) in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase for ubiquitination and degradation.
  • target proteins may include, for example, structural proteins, receptors, enzymes, cell surface proteins, proteins pertinent to the integrated function of a cell, including proteins involved in catalytic activity, aromatase activity, motor activity, helicase activity, metabolic processes (anabolism and catabolism), antioxidant activity, proteolysis, biosynthesis, proteins with kinase activity, oxidoreductase activity, transferase activity, hydrolase activity, lyase activity, isomerase activity, ligase activity, enzyme regulator activity, signal transducer activity, structural molecule activity, binding activity (protein, lipid carbohydrate), receptor activity, cell motility, membrane fusion, cell communication, regulation of biological processes, development, cell differentiation, response to stimulus, behavioral proteins, cell adhesion proteins, proteins involved in cell death, proteins involved in transport (including protein
  • Proteins of interest can include proteins from eurkaryotes and prokaryotes including humans as targets for drug therapy, other animals, including domesticated animals, microbials for the determination of targets for antibiotics and other antimicrobials and plants, and even viruses, among numerous others.
  • the PTM group is a haloalkyl group, wherein said alkyl group generally ranges in size from about 1 or 2 carbons to about 12 carbons in length, often about 2 to 10 carbons in length, often about 3 carbons to about 8 carbons in length, more often about 4 carbons to about 6 carbons in length.
  • the haloalkyl groups are generally linear alkyl groups (although branched-chain alkyl groups may also be used) and are end-capped with at least one halogen group, preferably a single halogen group, often a single chloride group.
  • Haloalkyl PT groups for use in the present disclosure are preferably represented by the chemical structure -(CH 2 ) V -Halo where v is any integer from 2 to about 12, often about 3 to about 8, more often about 4 to about 6.
  • Halo may be any halogen, but is preferably Cl or Br, more often Cl.
  • the present disclosure provides a library of compounds.
  • the library comprises more than one compound wherein each composition has a formula of A-B, wherein A is a ubiquitin pathway protein binding moiety (preferably, an E3 ubiquitin ligase moiety as otherwise disclosed herein) and B is a protein binding member of a molecular library, wherein A is coupled (preferably, through a linker moiety) to B, and wherein the ubiquitin pathway protein binding moiety recognizes an ubiquitin pathway protein, in particular, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, such as cereblon.
  • A is a ubiquitin pathway protein binding moiety (preferably, an E3 ubiquitin ligase moiety as otherwise disclosed herein)
  • B is a protein binding member of a molecular library, wherein A is coupled (preferably, through a linker moiety) to B, and wherein the ubiquitin pathway protein binding moiety recognizes an ubiquitin pathway protein, in particular, an E3 ubiquitin
  • the library contains a specific cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase binding moiety bound to random target protein binding elements (e.g., a chemical compound library).
  • target protein e.g., a chemical compound library.
  • the target protein is not determined in advance and the method can be used to determine the activity of a putative protein binding element and its pharmacological value as a target upon degradation by ubiquitin ligase.
  • the present disclosure may be used to treat a number of disease states and/or conditions, including any disease state and/or condition in which proteins are dysregulated and where a patient would benefit from the degradation of proteins.
  • the description provides therapeutic compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound as described herein or salt form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, additive or excipient, and optionally an additional bioactive agent.
  • the therapeutic compositions modulate protein degradation in a patient or subject, for example, an animal such as a human, and can be used for treating or ameliorating disease states or conditions which are modulated through the degraded protein.
  • the therapeutic compositions as described herein may be used to effectuate the degradation of proteins of interest for the treatment or amelioration of a disease, e.g., cancer (such as prostate cancer) and Kennedy’s Disease.
  • a disease e.g., cancer (such as prostate cancer) and Kennedy’s Disease.
  • the disease is prostate cancer.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method for treating a disease state or ameliorating the symptoms of a disease or condition in a subject in need thereof by degrading a protein or polypeptide through which a disease state or condition is modulated comprising administering to said patient or subject an effective amount, e.g., a therapeutically effective amount, of at least one compound as described hereinabove, optionally in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, additive or excipient, and optionally an additional bioactive agent, wherein the composition is effective for treating or ameliorating the disease or disorder or symptom thereof in the subject.
  • the method according to the present disclosure may be used to treat a large number of disease states or conditions including cancer, by virtue of the administration of effective amounts of at least one compound described herein.
  • the disease state or condition may be a disease caused by a microbial agent or other exogenous agent such as a virus, bacteria, fungus, protozoa or other microbe or may be a disease state, which is caused by overexpression of a protein, which leads to a disease state and/or condition.
  • the description provides methods for identifying the effects of the degradation of proteins of interest in a biological system using compounds according to the present disclosure.
  • target protein is used to describe a protein or polypeptide, which is a target for binding to a compound according to the present disclosure and degradation by ubiquitin ligase hereunder.
  • target protein binding moieties also include pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomers, solvates and polymorphs of these compositions, as well as other small molecules that may target a protein of interest. These binding moieties are linked to CLM or ULM groups through linker groups L.
  • Target proteins which may be bound to the protein target moiety and degraded by the ligase to which the ubiquitin ligase binding moiety is bound include any protein or peptide, including fragments thereof, analogues thereof, and/or homologues thereof.
  • Target proteins include proteins and peptides having any biological function or activity including structural, regulatory, hormonal, enzymatic, genetic, immunological, contractile, storage, transportation, and signal transduction.
  • the target proteins include structural proteins, receptors, enzymes, cell surface proteins, proteins pertinent to the integrated function of a cell, including proteins involved in catalytic activity, aromatase activity, motor activity, helicase activity, metabolic processes (anabolism and catabolism), antioxidant activity, proteolysis, biosynthesis, proteins with kinase activity, oxidoreductase activity, transferase activity, hydrolase activity, lyase activity, isomerase activity, ligase activity, enzyme regulator activity, signal transducer activity, structural molecule activity, binding activity (protein, lipid carbohydrate), receptor activity, cell motility, membrane fusion, cell communication, regulation of biological processes, development, cell differentiation, response to stimulus, behavioral proteins, cell adhesion proteins, proteins involved in cell death, proteins involved in transport (including protein transporter activity, nuclear transport, ion transporter activity, channel transporter activity, carrier activity, permease activity, secretion activity, electron transporter activity, pathogenesis, chaperone regulator activity, nucleic acid binding activity,
  • Proteins of interest can include proteins from eukaryotes and prokaryotes, including microbes, viruses, fungi and parasites, including humans, microbes, viruses, fungi and parasites, among numerous others, as targets for drug therapy, other animals, including domesticated animals, microbials for the determination of targets for antibiotics and other antimicrobials and plants, and even viruses, among numerous others.
  • a number of drug targets for human therapeutics represent protein targets to which protein target moiety may be bound and incorporated into compounds according to the present disclosure.
  • proteins which may be used to restore function in numerous polygenic diseases including for example B7.1 and B7, TINFRlm, TNFR2, NADPH oxidase, BclIBax and other partners in the apotosis pathway, C5a receptor, HMG-CoA reductase, PDE V phosphodiesterase type, PDE IV phosphodiesterase type 4, PDE I, PDEII, PDEIII, squalene cyclase inhibitor, CXCR1, CXCR2, nitric oxide (NO) synthase, cyclo-oxygenase 1, cyclo-oxygenase 2, 5HT receptors, dopamine receptors, G Proteins, i.e., Gq, histamine receptors, 5 -lipoxygenase, tryptase serine protea
  • Additional protein targets include, for example, ecdysone 20-monooxygenase, ion channel of the GABA gated chloride channel, acetylcholinesterase, voltage-sensitive sodium channel protein, calcium release channel, and chloride channels. Still further target proteins include Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, adenylosuccinate synthetase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase, and enolpyruvylshikimate-phosphate synthase.
  • Haloalkane dehalogenase enzymes are another target of specific compounds according to the present disclosure.
  • Compounds according to the present disclosure which contain chloroalkane peptide binding moieties may be used to inhibit and/or degrade haloalkane dehalogenase enzymes which are used in fusion proteins or related dioagnostic proteins as described in PCT/US2012/063401 filed December 6, 2011 and published as WO 2012/078559 on June 14, 2012, the contents of which is incorporated by reference herein.
  • the term“protein target moiety” or PTM is used to describe a small molecule which binds to a target protein or other protein or polypeptide of interest and places/presents that protein or polypeptide in proximity to an ubiquitin ligase such that degradation of the protein or polypeptide by ubiquitin ligase may occur.
  • small molecule target protein binding moieties include Hsp90 inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, MDM2 inhibitors, compounds targeting Human BET Bromodomain-containing proteins, HD AC inhibitors, human lysine methyltransferase inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, immunosuppressive compounds, and compounds targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), among numerous others.
  • the compositions described below exemplify some of the members of these nine types of small molecule target protein.
  • Exemplary protein target moieties include, haloalkane halogenase inhibitors, Hsp90 inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, MDM2 inhibitors, compounds targeting Human BET Bromodomain-containing proteins, HD AC inhibitors, human lysine methyltransferase inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, immunosuppressive compounds, and compounds targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR).
  • compositions described below exemplify some of the members of these types of small molecule target protein binding moieties.
  • Such small molecule target protein binding moieties also include pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomers, solvates and polymorphs of these compositions, as well as other small molecules that may target a protein of interest. References which are cited hereinbelow are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
  • HSP90 inhibitors as used herein include, but are not limited to:
  • HSP90 Protein 90 (HSP90) Inhibitors Part I: Discovery of Tricyclic Imidazo[4,5-C]Pyridines as Potent Inhibitors of the HSP90 Molecular Chaperone (2011) J.Med.Chem. 54: 7206, including YKB (N-[4-(3H-imidazo[4,5-C]Pyridin-2-yl)-9H-Fluoren-9-yl]-succinamide): [0136] derivatized where a linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group is attached, for example, via the terminal amide group;
  • HSP90 inhibitor p54 (modified) (8-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfanyl]-3]pent-4- yn- 1 -yl-3H-purin-6-amine) :
  • linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group is attached, for example, via the amide group (at the amine or at the alkyl group on the amine);
  • any of its derivatives e.g. l7-alkylamino-l7-desmethoxygeldanamycin ("17- AAG”) or l7-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amino-l7-desmethoxygeldanamycin (“17-DMAG”)
  • 17- AAG l7-alkylamino-l7-desmethoxygeldanamycin
  • 17-DMAG l7-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amino-l7-desmethoxygeldanamycin
  • Kinase inhibitors as used herein include, but are not limited to:
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group attached, for example, via the ether group;
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group attached, for example, to the pyrrole moiety;
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group attached, for example, to the amide moiety
  • R is a linker group Lor a-(L-CLM) attached, for example, to the pyrimidine;
  • CLM CLM
  • linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group is attached, for example, via the amine (aniline), carboxylic acid or amine alpha to cyclopropyl group, or cyclopropyl group;
  • linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group is attached, for example, via the terminal methyl group bound to amide moiety;
  • linker group L or a -(L-CLM)group is attached, for example, via the terminal methyl group bound to the amide moiety;
  • R as a linker group L or a-(L-CLM) group is attached, for example, via the amide group or via the aniline amine group;
  • (L-CLM) group attached, for example, to the phenyl moiety or via the aniline amine group;
  • linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group attached, for example, to the phenyl moiety
  • linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group attached, for example, to the phenyl moiety
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group attached, for example, to the phenyl moiety or the aniline amine group;
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group attached, for example, to the phenyl moiety or the aniline amine group;
  • K Kinase Inhibitor NVP-BSK805 (derivatized) JAK2 Inhibitor
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-
  • CLM CLM group attached, for example, to the phenyl moiety or the di azole group
  • R is a linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group attached, for example, to the phenyl moiety or the diazole group;
  • R is a linker group L or a -
  • (L-CLM) group is attached, for example, at R;
  • L or a-(L-CLM) group is attached, for example, at R;
  • linker group L or a-(L-CLM) group is attached, for example, at R.
  • HDM2/MDM2 inhibitors as used herein include, but are not limited to:
  • “PTM” can be ligands binding to Bromo- and Extra-terminal (BET) proteins BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4.
  • BET Bromo- and Extra-terminal
  • Compounds targeting Human BET Bromodomain- containing proteins include, but are not limited to the compounds associated with the targets as described below, where“R” or“linker” designates a site for linker group L or a-(L-CLM) group attachment, for example:
  • R H, a lower alkyl
  • X Cl, Br, F, H a bond, or a chemcial
  • R or L or linker designates a site for attachment, for example, of a linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group).
  • the claimed structure the PTM may be composed of tricyclic diazepine or tricyclic azepine as a BET/BRD4 targeting moiety (PTM-a), where the dashed lines indicate the linker connection trajectory and three sites are defined to which linkers may be attached:
  • a and B are independently an aromatic ring, a heteroaromatic ring, a 5-membered
  • carbocyclic a 6-membered carbocyclic, a 5-membered heterocyclic, a 6-membered heterocyclic, a thiophene, a pyrrole, a pyrazole, a pyridine, a pyrimidine, a pyrazine, optionally substituted by alkyl, aloxy, halogen, nitrile or another aromatic or
  • Yl, Y2, and Y3 and Y4 can be carbon, nitrogen or oxygen for to form a fused 5-membered aromatic ring as triazole or isoxazole;
  • Zl is methyl, or lower alkyl group.
  • PTM-a can be represented by the following general structures, where dashed line indicates a possible linker connection point.
  • the substitution pattern of X and Y can be mono- or bis-substitution.
  • BET/BRD4 targeting moiety includes, wherein the dashed line indicates the connection point between the BET/BRD4 targeting moiety and the linkers:
  • HDAC Inhibitors include, but are not limited to:
  • INHIBITORS (Derivatized where a linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group is attached, for example, via the hydroxyl group);
  • Human Lysine Methyltransferase inhibitors include, but are not limited to:
  • Angiogenesis inhibitors include, but are not limited to:
  • Estradiol (derivatized), which may be bound to a linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group as is generally described in Rodriguez-Gonzalez, et al ., Targeting steroid hormone receptors for ubiquitination and degradation in breast and prostate cancer, Oncogene (2008) 27, 7201-7211;
  • Estradiol, testosterone (derivatized) and related derivatives including but not limited to DHT and derivatives and analogs thereof, having the structure(s) and binding to a linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group as generally described in Sakamoto, et al. , Development of Protacs to target cancer-promoting proteins for ubiquitination and degradation, Mol Cell Proteomics 2003 Dec; 2(12): 1350-8; and
  • Immunosuppressive compounds include, but are not limited to:
  • Glucocorticoids e.g., hydrocortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, and methylprednisolone
  • Glucocorticoids Derivatized where a linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group is to bound, e.g. to any of the hydroxyls
  • beclometasone dipropionate Derivatized where a linker group or a -(L-CLM) is bound, e.g. to a proprionate
  • Methotrexate Derivatized where a linker group or a -(L-CLM) group can be bound, e.g. to either of the terminal hydroxyls
  • Methotrexate Derivatized where a linker group or a -(L-CLM) group can be bound, e.g. to either of the terminal hydroxyls
  • Ciclosporin (Derivatized where a linker group or a -(L-CLM) group can be bound, e.g. at any of the butyl groups);
  • (L-CLM) group can be bound, e.g. at one of the methoxy groups
  • Actinomycins (Derivatized where a linker group L or a -(L-CLM) group can be bound, e.g. at one of the isopropyl groups).
  • Compounds targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor include, but are not limited to:
  • SR1 and LGC006 (derivatized such that a linker group L or a -(L-CLM) is bound), as described in Boitano, et al ., Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Antagonists Promote the Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Science 10 September 2010: Vol. 329 no. 5997 pp. 1345-1348.
  • any protein, which can bind to a protein target moiety or PTM group and acted on or degraded by an ubiquitin ligase is a target protein according to the present disclosure.
  • the PTM targets and/or binds RAF (i.e., a Raf or BRaf targeting moiety).
  • the PTM may comprise a chemical group selected from the group of chemical structures consisting of PTM-Ia or PTM-Ib:
  • double dotted bonds are aromaric bonds
  • VPTM, WPTM, XPTM, YPTM, ZPTM is one of the following combinations: C, CH, N, N, C; C, N,
  • XPTM35, XPTM36, XPTM37, and XPTM38 are independently selected from CH and N;
  • RPTMI is covalently joined to a ULM, a chemical linker group (L), a CLM, an ILM, a VLM, MLM, a ULM’, a CLM’, a ILM’, a VLM’, a MLM’, or combination thereof;
  • R PTM2 is hydrogen, halogen, aryl, methyl, ethyl, OCH 3 , NHCH3 or MI-CH2-CH2-M2, wherein Ml is CH2, O and NH, and M2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cyclic alkyl, aryl or heterocycle;
  • R PTM3 is absent, hydrogen, aryl, methyl, ethyl, other alkyl, cyclic alkyl, OCH 3 , NHCH 3 or MI-CH 2 -CH 2 -M2, wherein Ml is CH 2 , O and NH, and M2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cyclic alkyl, aryl or heterocycle;
  • R PTM4 is hydrogen, halogen, aryl, methyl, ethyl, OCH 3 , NHCH 3 or MI-CH 2 -CH 2 -M2, wherein Ml is C3 ⁇ 4, O and NH, and M2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cyclic alkyl, aryl or heterocycle; and
  • R PTM5 is selected from the group consisting of
  • the PTM may comprise a chemical group selected from the group of chemical structures consisting of PTM-IIa or PTM-IIb:
  • XPTMI, XPTM2, XPTM3, XPTM4, XPTM5, and XPTM6 are independently selected from CH orN;
  • Rp TM5a is selected from the group consisting of: bond, optionally substituted amine,
  • optionally substituted amide e.g., optionally substituted with an alkyl, methyl, ethyl,
  • R PTM 5 is selected from the group consisting of
  • Rp TM6a and Rpnv Kb are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or optionally substituted Ci-C 6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted);
  • RPTM6 is absent, hydrogen, halogen, aryl, methyl, ethyl, OCH 3 , NHCH 3 or MI-CH 2 -CH 2 -M2, wherein Ml is CH 2 , O and NH, and M2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cyclic alkyl, aryl or heterocycle;
  • RPTM7 is absent, hydrogen, halogen, aryl, methyl, ethyl, OCH 3 , NHCH 3 or MI-CH 2 -CH 2 -M2, wherein Ml is CH 2 , O or NH, and M2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cyclic alkyl, aryl or heterocycle;
  • RPTM8, RPTM9 or RPTMIO are independently selected from the group consisting of absent, hydrogen, halogen, aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, methyl, ethyl, OCH 3 , NHCH 3 or MI-CH 2 -CH 2 -M2, wherein Ml is CH 2 , O and NH, and M2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cyclic alkyl, aryl or heterocycle;
  • Rp TMii is absent, hydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl, OCH 3 , NH CH 3 or MI-CH 2 -CH 2 -M2, wherein Ml is CH 2 , O or NH, and M2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cyclic alkyl, aryl or heterocycle; and at least one of RPTMS, RPTM9 or RPTMIO is modified to be covalently joined to a ULM, a chemical linker group (L), a CLM, an ILM, a VLM, MLM, a ULM’, a CLM’, a ILM’, a VLM’, a MLM’, or combination thereof.
  • L chemical linker group
  • the PTM may comprise a chemical group selected from the group of chemical structures consisting of:
  • RPTMS wherein RPTMS, RpTM6a, RpTM6b, RPTM6, RPTM7, RPTM8, RPTM9, RPTMIO, RPTMII are as described herein.
  • RPTM7 and RPTMS when RPTM9 is the covalently joined position, RPTM7 and RPTMS can be connected together via a covalent bond in a way to form a bicyclic group with the ring to which RPTM7 and RPTMS are attached.
  • RPTMS when RPTMS is the covalently joined position, RPTM9 and RPTMIO can be connected together via a covalent bond in a way to form a bicyclic group with the ring to which RPTM9 and RPTMIO are attached.
  • R PTMIO when R PTMIO is the covalently joined position, R PTMX and R PTM 9 can be connected together via a covalent bond in a way to form a bicyclic group with the ring to which R PTMX and R PTM 9 are attached.
  • the PTM may comprise a chemical group selected from the group of chemical structures consisting of PTM-III:
  • XpTM7, XPTM8, XpTM9, XpTMlO, XpTMll, XpTM12, XpTM13, XpTM14, XpTM15, XpTM16, XpTM17, XPTMI8, XPTMI9, XPTM2O are independently CH or N;
  • RPTMI2, RPTMI3, RPTMI4, RPTMI5, RPTMI6, RPTMI7, RPTMI8, RPTMI 9 are independently selected from the group consisting of absent, hydrogen, halogen, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, methyl, ethyl, other alkyl, OCH 3 , NHCH 3 or MI-CH 2 -CH 2 -M2, wherein Ml is CH 2 , O and NH, and M2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cyclic alkyl, aryl or heterocycle;
  • R PTM 2 O is a small group containing less than four non-hydrogen atoms
  • R PTM 2 I is selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, /er/-butyl, butyl, iso-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, OCH 3 , NHCH 3 , dimethylamino or MI-CH 2 -CH 2 -M2, wherein Ml is CTh, O or NH, and M2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cyclic alkyl, aryl or heterocycle; and
  • RPTMO at least one of RPTMO, RPTMB and RPTMI 6 is modified to be covalently joined to a ULM, a chemical linker group (L), a CLM, an ILM, a VLM, MLM, a ULM’, a CLM’, a ILM’, a VLM’, a MLM’, or combination thereof.
  • L chemical linker group
  • RPTMB and RPTMI4 when RPTMO is the covalently joined position, RPTMB and RPTMI4 can be connected together via a covalent bond in a way to form a bicyclic group with the ring to which RPTMB and RPTMM are attached; and/or RPTMIS and RPTMI6 can be connected together via a covalent bond in a way to form a bicyclic group with the ring to which RPTMIS and RPTMI6 are attached.
  • RPTMO and RPTMI6 when RPTMB is the covalently joined position, RPTMO and RPTMI6 can be connected together via a covalent bond in a way to form a bicyclic group with the ring to which RPTMO and RPTMI6 are attached; and/or RPTMIS and RPTMI6 can be connected together via a covalent bond in a way to form a bicyclic group with the ring to which RPTMIS and RPTMI6 are attached.
  • RPTMO and RPTMO when RPTMI6 is the covalently joined position, RPTMO and RPTMO can be connected together via a covalent bond in a way to form a bicyclic group with the ring to which RPTMO and RPTMO are attached; and/or RPTMO and RPTMO can be connected together via a covalent bond in a way to form a bicyclic group with the ring to which RPTMO and RPTMO are attached.
  • the PTM may comprise a chemical group selected from the group of chemical structures consisting of PTM-IVa or PTM-IVb:
  • XPTM21, XPTM22, XpTM23, XpTM24, XpTM25, XpTM26, XpTM27, XpTM28, XpTM29, XpTM30, XpTM31, XPTM32, XPTM33, XPTM34 are independently CH or N;
  • RPTM22 is selected from the group consisting of
  • Rp TM25a and Rp TM25b are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, or Ci-C 6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted);
  • RPTM23, RPTM24, RPTM28, RPTM29, RPTM3O, RPTM3I, RPTM32 are independently selected from the group consisting of absent, bond, hydrogen, halogen, aryl (optionally substituted), heteroaryl (optionally substituted), cycloalkyl (optionally substituted), heterocycle (optionally substituted), methyl, ethyl (optionally substituted), other alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted), OCH 3 , NHCH 3 or MI-CH 2 -CH 2 -M2, wherein Ml is CH 2 , O and NH, and M2 is hydrogen, alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted), cyclic alkyl (optionally substituted), aryl (optionally substituted)or heterocycle
  • RPTM25 is absent, hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted), OCH3, NHCH 3 or SC3 ⁇ 4;
  • RPTM26 is absent, hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted), OCH3, NHCH 3 or SC3 ⁇ 4;
  • RPTM27 is selected from the group consisting of absent, hydrogen, halogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted), OCH 3 , NHCH3 or SCH3;
  • RPTM24, RPTM29, RPTM32 is modified to be covalently joined to a ULM, a chemical linker group (L), a CLM, an ILM, a VLM, MLM, a ULM’, a CLM’, a ILM’, a VLM’, a MLM’, or combination thereof.
  • L chemical linker group
  • RPTM3I and RPTM32 when RPTM24 is the covalently joined position, RPTM3I and RPTM32 can be connected together via a covalent bond in a way to form a bicyclic group with the ring to which RPTM3I and RPTM32 are attached; or RPTM29 and RPTVBO can be connected together via a covalent bond in a way to form a bicyclic group with the ring to which RPTM29 and RPTVB O are attached.
  • RPTM24 and RPTM32 when RPTM29 is the covalently joined position, RPTM24 and RPTM32 can be connected together via a covalent bond in a way to form a bicyclic group with the ring to which RPTM24 and RPTM32 are attached; and/or RPTM3I and RPTM32 can be connected together via a covalent bond in a way to form a bicyclic group with the ring to which RPTM3I and RPTM32 are attached.
  • RPTM24 and RPTM29 when RPTM32 is the covalently joined position, RPTM24 and RPTM29 can be connected together via a covalent bond in a way to form a bicyclic group with the ring to which RPTM24 and RPTM29 are attached; and/or RPTM29 and RPTVBO can be connected together via a covalent bond in a way to form a bicyclic group with the ring to which RPTM29 and RPTM3O are attached.
  • the PTM is selected from the group consisting of chemical structures PTM-l, PTM-2, PTM-3, PTM-4, PTM-5, PTM-6, PTM-7, and PTM-8:
  • the PTM is a chemical moiety that binds to the androgen receptor (AR).
  • AR androgen receptor
  • various androgen receptor binding compounds have been described in literature, including various androgen derivatives such as testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and metribolone (also known as methyltrienolone or R1881), and non steroidal compounds such as bicalutamide, enzalutamide, some of which are described above.
  • Those of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that these androgen receptor binding compounds could be potentially used as an androgen binding moiety (ABM) in a PROTAC compound.
  • ABSM androgen binding moiety
  • Such literature includes, but not limited to, G. F. Allan et.
  • the ABM comprises a structure selected from, but not limited to the structures shown below, wherein a dashed line indicates the attachment point of a linker moiety or a ULM, such as a CLM:
  • W 1 is aryl, heteroaryl, bicyclic, or biheterocyclic, each independently substituted by 1 or more H, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, CN, CoCH, Ci -6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted; for example, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo, Ci -6 alkoxyl), Ci -6 alkoxyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted; for example, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo), C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, or CFy
  • Y 1 , Y 2 are each independently NR Y1 , O, S;
  • each R Q is independently H, Ci -6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted; for example, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo, Ci -6 alkoxyl), halogen, Ci -6 alkoxy, or 2 R Q groups taken together with the atom they are attached to, form a 3-8 membered ring system containing 0-2 heteroatoms);
  • R 1 , R 2 , R a , R b , R Y1 , R Y2 are each independently H, Ci -6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted; for example, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo, Ci -6 alkoxyl), halogen, Ci- 6 alkoxy, cyclic, heterocyclic , or R 1 , R 2 together with the atom they are attached to, form a 3-8 membered ring system containing 0-2 heteroatoms);
  • W 2 is a bond, Ci -6 alkyl, Ci -6 heteroalkyl, O, aryl, heteroaryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic,
  • each R W2 is independently H, halo, Ci- 6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted; for example, optionally substituted by 1 or more F), -OR W2A , C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 4-6 cycloheteroalkyl, Ci- 6 alicyclic (optionally substituted), heterocyclic (optionally substituted), aryl (optionally substituted), or heteroaryl (optionally substituted), bicyclic hereoaryl or aryl, OCi ⁇ alkyl (optionally substituted), OH, NH 2 , NR Y1 R Y2 , CN; and R W2A is H, Ci- 6 alkyl (linear, branched), or Ci- 6 heteroalkyl (linear, branched), each optionally substituted by a cycloalkyl, cycloheteroal
  • the W 2 is covalently coupled to one or more ULM or CLM groups, or a linker to which is attached one or more ULM or CLM groups as described herein.
  • each R 22 is independently halo, H, optionally substituted alkyl, haloalkyl, cyano, or nitro; and each R 23 is independently H, halo, CF 3 , optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, cyano, or nitro.
  • W 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the ABM comprises a structure selected from the following structures shown below, where a indicates tha attachment point of a linker or a ULM:
  • R Q2 is a H, halogen, CH 3 or CF 3 ;
  • Ci -6 alkoxyl substituted by 1 or more halo, Ci -6 alkoxyl), Ci -6 alkoxyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo), C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, or CF 3 ;
  • R Y1 , R Y2 are each independently H, or Ci -6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo, Ci -6 alkoxyl, cyclic, or heterocyclic); and R Q each independently is H, Ci-C 6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo, or Ci- 6 alkoxyl), or two R Q together with the atom they are attached to, form a 3-8 membered ring system containing 0-2 heteroatoms.
  • each R Q is independently H or CFl ⁇ ,.
  • R Q3 is CN.
  • the ABM comprises a structure selected from the following structures shown below, where a indicates the attachment point of a linker or a ULM:
  • X is N or C.
  • R Q3 is a CN.
  • the ABM comprises a structure shown below, where a dashed line indicates the attachment point of a linker moiety or a ULM or a CLM:
  • each R22 is independently H or -CN
  • each R23 is independently H, halo, Ci-C 6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted), Ci- C 6 alkoxy, or -CFy
  • Y 3 is a bond or O
  • Y 4 is a bond or NH
  • R 1 , R 2 are each independently H, or Ci-C 6 alkyl (linear or branched, optionally substituted; for example, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo, or Ci -6 alkoxyl);
  • W 2 is a bond, Ci -6 aryl, Ci- 6 heteroaryl, Ci -6 alicyclic, or Ci- 6 heterocyclic, biheterocyclic, biaryl, or biheteroaryl, each optionally substituted by 1-10 R W2 ; and each R W2 is independently H, or halo; and
  • w represents a bond that may be stereospecific ((R) or (S)) or non-stereospecific.
  • the W 2 is covalently coupled to one or more ULM or CLM groups, or a linker to which is attached one or more ULM or CLM groups as described herein.
  • W 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • W 2 is selected from the group
  • the ABM comprises a structure selected from, but not limited to the structures shown below, where a dashed line indicates the attachment point of a linker moiety or a ULM:
  • each R 22 is independently H or -CN
  • each R 23 is independently H, halo, or -CF 3 ;
  • Y 1 , Y 2 are each independently O or S;
  • R 1 , R 2 are each independently H or a methyl group
  • W 2 is a bond, Ci -6 aryl, or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 R W2 ; and each R W2 is independently H, halo, Ci- 6 alkyl (optionally substituted by 1 or more F), OCi- 3 alkyl (optionally substituted by 1 or more -F).
  • the W 2 is covalently coupled to one or more ULM or CLM groups, or a linker to which is attached one or more ULM or CLM groups as described herein.
  • W 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • W2 is selected from the group
  • ABM is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the ABM comprises the structure:
  • W 1 is aryl, or heteroaryl, each independently substituted by 1 or more H, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, CN, CoCH, Ci -6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo, Ci- 6 alkoxyl), Ci -6 alkoxyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo), C 2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, or CF 3 ;
  • Q is a 4 membered alicyclic ring with 0-2 heteroatoms, optionally substituted with 0-6 R Q , each R Q is independently H, Ci- 6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo, Ci -6 alkoxyl), or 2 R Q groups taken together with the atom they are attached to, form a 3-8 membered ring system containing 0-2 heteroatoms);
  • R Y1 , R Y2 are each independently H, Ci- 6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo, Ci -6 alkoxyl);
  • W 2 is a bond, Ci -6 alkyl, Ci- 6 heteroalkyl, O, Ci- 6 alicyclic, heterocyclic, aryl, biheterocyclic, biaryl, or biheteroaryl, or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 R W2 ; and each R W2 is independently H, halo, Ci- 6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted by 1 or more F), Ci- 6 heteroalkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted), -OR W2A OCi- 3 alkyl (optionally substituted by 1 or more -F), C3-6 cycloalkyl, C4-6 cycloheteroalkyl (optionally substituted), Ci -6 alkyl (optionally substituted), Ci -6 alicyclic (optionally substituted), heterocyclic (optionally substituted), aryl (optionally substituted), heteroaryl (optionally substituted), bicyclic hereoaryl (optionally substituted),
  • R W2A is H, Ci- 6 alkyl (linear, branched), or Ci- 6 heteroalkyl (linear, branched), each optionally substituted by a cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl, heterocyclic, heteroaryl, halo, or OCi- 3alkyl.
  • the description provides an androgen receptor bindingcompound comprising a structure of:
  • W 1 is aryl, heteroaryl, , bicyclic, or biheterocyclic, each independently substituted by 1 or more H, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, CN, CoCH, Ci -6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo, Ci -6 alkoxyl), Ci- 6 alkoxyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo), C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, or CFy
  • Y 1 , Y 2 are each independently NR Y1 , O, or S;
  • each R Q is independently H, Ci -6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo, Ci -6 alkoxyl), or 2 R Q groups taken together with the atom they are attached to, form a 3-8 membered ring system containing 0-2 heteroatoms);
  • R 1 , R 2 , R a , R b , R Y1 , R Y2 are each independently H, Ci -6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo, Ci -6 alkoxyl), or R 1 , R 2 together with the atom they are attached to, form a 3-8 membered ring system containing 0-2 heteroatoms);
  • W 2 is a bond, Ci -6 alkyl, Ci -6 heteroalkyl, O, Ci -6 alicyclic, heterocyclic, aryl, biheterocyclic, biaryl, or biheteroaryl, or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 R W2 ;
  • each R W2 is independently H, halo, Ci -6 alkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted by 1 or more F), Ci -6 heteroalkyl (linear, branched, optionally substituted), -OR W2A , OCi ⁇ alkyl (optionally substituted by 1 or more -F), C3-6 cycloalkyl, C4-6 cycloheteroalkyl, Ci -6 alkyl (optionally substituted), Ci -6 alicyclic (optionally substituted), heterocyclic (optionally substituted), aryl (optionally substituted), or heteroaryl (optionally substituted), bicyclic hereoaryl or aryl, OH, NH 2 , NR Y1 R Y2 , CN; and
  • R W2A is H, Ci- 6 alkyl (linear, branched), or Ci -6 heteroalkyl (linear, branched), each optionally substituted by a cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl, heterocyclic, heteroaryl, halo, or OCi- 3 alkyl.
  • an androgen receptor binding moiety has a structure of:
  • each R 22 is independently H or -CN; each R23 is independently H, halo, or -CF 3 ;
  • Y 3 is a bond or O
  • each R Q is independently H or methyl
  • Y4 is a bond or NH
  • each W 2 is independently a bond, Cl -6 aryl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 R W2 , each R W2 is independently H, halo, a 6 member alicyclic ring with 1 or 2 heteroatoms or a 5 member aromatic ring with 1 or 2 or 3 heteroatoms.
  • W 2 is selected from the group
  • the W 2 is covalently coupled to one or more ULM or CLM groups, or a linker to which is attached one or more ULM or CLM groups as described herein.
  • W 1 is selected from the group
  • an androgen binding moiety has a structure of:
  • W 1 is aryl, independently substituted by 1 or more halo, CN;
  • Q is a 5 membered aromatic ring with 1 or 2 heteroatoms
  • R Y1 , R Y2 are each independently H, Ci- 6 alkyl (linear, branched);
  • W 2 is a bond, aryl, or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 R W2 ;
  • each R W2 is independently H, halo, Ci- 6 alkyl (optionally substituted by 1 or more F), OCi- alkyl (optionally substituted by 1 or more -F).
  • the W 2 is covalently coupled to one or more ULM or CLM groups, or a linker to which is attached one or more ULM or CLM groups as described herein.
  • each R22 is independently halo or CN
  • each R23 is independently H or halo.
  • W 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the ABM comprises a structure selected from, but not limited to the structures shown below, where a dashed line indicates the attachment point of a linker moiety or a ULM, such as a CLM:
  • each R 22 is independently H or -CN
  • each R 23 is independently H, halo, or -CF 3 ;
  • Y 1 , Y 2 are each independently O or S;
  • W 2 is a bond, Ci -6 aryl, or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 R W2 ; and each R W2 is independently H, halo, Ci- 6 alkyl (optionally substituted by 1 or more F), C3-6 cycloalkyl, C4-6 cycloheteroalkyl, OCi ⁇ alkyl (optionally substituted by 1 or more -F).
  • the W 2 is covalently coupled to one or more ULM or CLM groups, or a linker to which is attached one or more ULM or CLM groups as described herein.
  • W 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • W2 is selected from the group
  • the ABM comprises a structure shown below, where a dashed line indicates the attachment point of a linker moiety or a ULM or a CLM:
  • each R 22 is independently H or -CN
  • each R 23 is independently H, halo, or -CF 3 ;
  • Y 3 is a bond or O
  • Y 4 is a bond or NH
  • R 1 , R 2 are each independently H, or Ci-C 6 alkyl (linear or branched, optionally substituted by 1 or more halo, or Ci- 6 alkoxyl);
  • W 2 is a bond, Ci -6 aryl, Ci- 6 heteroaryl, Ci- 6 alicyclic, or Ci- 6 heterocyclic, each optionally substituted by 1-10 R W2 ;
  • each R W2 is independently H, or halo
  • [0340] represents a bond that may be stereospecific ((R) or (S)) or non-stereospecific.
  • the W 2 is covalently coupled to one or more ULM or CLM groups, or a linker to which is attached one or more ULM or CLM groups as described herein.
  • W 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • W 2 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the androgen receptor binding compound of ABM is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the PTM may be represented by the Formula PTM-I:
  • each of XPTMI and XPTM2 is independently selected from N or CH;
  • R PTMI is independently selected from OH, 0(CO)R PTM , O-lower alkyl, wherein R PTM is an alkyl or aryl group in the ester;
  • R PTM2 each independently selected from H, OH, halogen, CN, CF 3 , S0 2 -alkyl, O-lower alkyl;
  • R PTM3 each independently selected from H, halogen
  • the dashed line indicates the site of attachment of at least one linker, CLM, CLM’, PTM, PTM’, or a combination thereof.
  • the PTM may be represented by the Formula PTM-I:
  • each of XPTMI and XPTM2 is independently selected from N or CH;
  • RPTMI is independently selected from OH, 0(C0)RPTM, O-lower alkyl, wherein RPTM is an alkyl or aryl group in the ester;
  • each R PTM2 is independently selected from H, OH, halogen, CN, CF 3 , S0 2 -alkyl, O-lower alkyl;
  • each R PTM3 is independently selected from H, halogen
  • the PTM-I comprises as least one R PTM2 , at least one R PTM3 , or a combination thereof on the respective rings;
  • the dashed line indicates the site of attachment of at least one linker, CLM, CLM’, PTM, PTM’, or a combination thereof.
  • PTM-I has at least one of: two R PTM2 , two R PTM3 , or a combination thereof.
  • the PTM may be represented by the Formula PTM-II:
  • each of XPTMI and XPTM2 is independently selected from N or CH;
  • RPTMI is independently selected from OH, 0(C0)RPTM, O-lower alkyl, wherein RPTM is an alkyl or aryl group in the ester;
  • R PTM 2 and R PTM4 are independently selected from H, OH, halogen, CN, CF 3 , S0 2 -alkyl, O- lower alkyl;
  • R PTM 3 and R PTMS are independently selected from H, halogen
  • the dashed line indicates the site of attachment of at least one linker, CLM, CLM’, PTM, PTM’, or a combination thereof.
  • 0(C0)R PTM functions as a prodrug of the corresponding phenol in Formula PTM-I or PTM-II.
  • the O-lower alkyl of PTM-I or PTM-II an alkyl chain with carbon number 1 to 3.
  • the present disclosure provides a compound or PTM of Formula (IPTM) :
  • each XPTM is independently CH, N; indicates the site of attachment of at least one linker, CLM, CLM’, PTM, PTM’, or a combination thereof;
  • each RPTMI is independently OH, halogen, 0(C0)RPTM, where RPTM is alkyl or cycloalkyl group with 1 to 6 carbons or aryl groups, substitution can be mono-, di- or tri-substituted;
  • each RPTM2 is independently H, halogen, CN, CF 3 , alkoxy, substitution can be mono- or di substitution; and each R PTM 3 is independently H, halogen, substitution can be mono- or di-substitution.
  • the PTM is represented by the Formula (IIPTM):
  • XPTM IS CH, N indicates the site of attachment of at least one linker, CLM, CLM’, PTM, PTM’, ULM, an ILM, a VLM, MLM, a ULM’, a ILM’, a VLM’, a MLM’, or a combination thereof;
  • each Rp TMi is independently OH, halogen (e.g., F);
  • each R PTM 2 is independently H, halogen (e.g., F), CF 3, substitution can be mono- or di-substitution; and
  • each R PTM 3 is independently halogen (e.g. F), substitution can be mono- or di-substitution.
  • XPTM of Formula (IIPTM) is CH;
  • RPTMI of Formula (IIPTM) is OH
  • each RPTM3 of Formula (IIPTM) is independently H or F; or
  • the PTM may include a Tau protein binding moieties.
  • the PTM may be represented by Formula I, Formula II, Formula III, Formula IV, Formula V, Formula VI, Formula, VII, Formula, VIII, Formula IX, Formula X, or Formula XI:
  • A, B, C, D, E, and F are independently selected from an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aryl or heteroaryl ring, an optionally substituted 4- to 7-membered cycloalkyl or a heterocycloalkyl, where contact between circles indicates ring fusion;
  • aryl and heteroaryl rings of A, B, C, D, E, and F of PTM are optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents each independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, acylamino, trifluoromethyl, and cyano, wherein the said alkyl and alkenyl groups are further optionally substituted.
  • the rings of at least one of A, B, C, F, or a combination thereof is selected from optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aryl or heteroaryl rings;
  • the PTM has the chemical structure of Formula I, wherein:
  • A, B and C rings are independently 5- or 6- membered fused aryl or heteroaryl rings
  • LPTM is selected from a bond or an alkyl
  • D is selected from a 6-membered aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl
  • A, B, C and D are optionally substituted with alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino or cyano.
  • the PTM has the chemical structure of Formula I, wherein:
  • a and C are a phenyl or a 6-membered heteroaryl ring
  • B is a 5-membered heteroaryl ring
  • LPTM is a bond
  • D is a 6-membered heteroaryl or a 6-membered heterocycloalkyl ring; wherein each A, B, C and D is optionally independently substituted with alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, dialkylamino or cyano, and wherein a nitrogen atom of any of the A, B, C and D rings is not directly connected to a heteroatom or to a carbon atom, to which another heteroatom is directly attached.
  • the PTM has the chemical structure of Formula III or IV, wherein A, B and C are 5- or 6- membered fused aryl or heteroaryl rings,
  • LPTM is selected from a bond or an alkyl
  • D and E are 5- or 6-membered fused aryl or heteroaryl rings, wherein A, B, C, D and E are optionally substituted with alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino or cyano.
  • the PTM is represented by following chemical structure:
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl, 2-fluoroethyl and 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl;
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl and halogen
  • R 6 is 1 to 2 substituents independently selected from H, methyl, ethyl and halogen, wherein the PTM is coupled to a ULM via L.
  • the PTM is covalently coupled to one or more ULM (VLM or CLM) groups, or a linker to which is attached one or more ULM (VLM or CLM) groups as described herein.
  • PTM is represented by chemical structure:
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from H, optionally substituted alkyl, methyl, ethyl, 2-fluoroethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl; and
  • R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are 1 to 8 substituents independently selected from H, optionally
  • PTM is represented by chemical structure:
  • linker attachment point to PTM is as indicated by the dotted line:
  • compositions comprising combinations of an effective amount of at least one bifunctional compound as described herein, and one or more of the compounds otherwise described herein, all in effective amounts, in combination with a pharmaceutically effective amount of a carrier, additive or excipient, represents a further aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure includes, where applicable, the compositions comprising the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, in particular, acid or base addition salts of compounds as described herein.
  • the acids which are used to prepare the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the aforementioned base compounds useful according to this aspect are those which form non-toxic acid addition salts, i.e., salts containing pharmacologically acceptable anions, such as the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, acetate, lactate, citrate, acid citrate, tartrate, bitartrate, succinate, maleate, fumarate, gluconate, saccharate, benzoate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and pamoate [i.e., l,l'-methylene-bis-(2 -hydroxy)
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts may also be used to produce pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms of the compounds or derivatives according to the present disclosure.
  • the chemical bases that may be used as reagents to prepare pharmaceutically acceptable base salts of the present compounds that are acidic in nature are those that form non toxic base salts with such compounds.
  • Such non-toxic base salts include, but are not limited to those derived from such pharmacologically acceptable cations such as alkali metal cations (eg., potassium and sodium) and alkaline earth metal cations (eg, calcium, zinc and magnesium), ammonium or water-soluble amine addition salts such as N-methylglucamine-(meglumine), and the lower alkanolammonium and other base salts of pharmaceutically acceptable organic amines, among others.
  • alkali metal cations eg., potassium and sodium
  • alkaline earth metal cations eg, calcium, zinc and magnesium
  • ammonium or water-soluble amine addition salts such as N-methylglucamine-(meglumine)
  • the lower alkanolammonium and other base salts of pharmaceutically acceptable organic amines among others.
  • the compounds as described herein may, in accordance with the disclosure, be administered in single or divided doses by the oral, parenteral or topical routes.
  • Administration of the active compound may range from continuous (intravenous drip) to several oral administrations per day (for example, Q.I.D.) and may include oral, topical, parenteral, intramuscular, intravenous, sub-cutaneous, transdermal (which may include a penetration enhancement agent), buccal, sublingual and suppository administration, among other routes of administration.
  • Enteric coated oral tablets may also be used to enhance bioavailability of the compounds from an oral route of administration. The most effective dosage form will depend upon the pharmacokinetics of the particular agent chosen as well as the severity of disease in the patient.
  • compositions comprising an effective amount of compound as described herein, optionally in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, additive or excipient.
  • Compounds according to the present disclosureion may be administered in immediate release, intermediate release or sustained or controlled release forms. Sustained or controlled release forms are preferably administered orally, but also in suppository and transdermal or other topical forms. Intramuscular injections in liposomal form may also be used to control or sustain the release of compound at an injection site.
  • compositions as described herein may be formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and may also be administered in controlled-release formulations.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that may be used in these pharmaceutical compositions include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as prolamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat.
  • compositions as described herein may be administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir.
  • parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intra- articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intrahepatic, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques.
  • the compositions are administered orally, intraperitoneally or intravenously.
  • Sterile injectable forms of the compositions as described herein may be aqueous or oleaginous suspension. These suspensions may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally- acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1, 3-butanediol.
  • the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose, any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or di-glycerides.
  • Fatty acids such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically-acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions.
  • oils such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions.
  • These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant, such as Ph. Helv or similar alcohol.
  • compositions as described herein may be orally administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but not limited to, capsules, tablets, aqueous suspensions or solutions.
  • carriers which are commonly used include lactose and corn starch.
  • Lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added.
  • useful diluents include lactose and dried com starch.
  • aqueous suspensions are required for oral use, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening, flavoring or coloring agents may also be added.
  • compositions as described herein may be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration.
  • suppositories for rectal administration.
  • a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at room temperature but liquid at rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum to release the drug.
  • suitable non-irritating excipient include cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols.
  • compositions as described herein may also be administered topically. Suitable topical formulations are readily prepared for each of these areas or organs. Topical application for the lower intestinal tract can be effected in a rectal suppository formulation (see above) or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-acceptable transdermal patches may also be used.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in a suitable ointment containing the active component suspended or dissolved in one or more carriers.
  • Carriers for topical administration of the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, liquid petrolatum, white petrolatum, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene compound, emulsifying wax and water.
  • the compounds may be coated onto a stent which is to be surgically implanted into a patient in order to inhibit or reduce the likelihood of occlusion occurring in the stent in the patient.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions can be formulated in a suitable lotion or cream containing the active components suspended or dissolved in one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
  • suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol and water.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated as micronized suspensions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, or, preferably, as solutions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, either with our without a preservative such as benzylalkonium chloride.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in an ointment such as petrolatum.
  • compositions as described herein may also be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation.
  • Such compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other conventional solubilizing or dispersing agents.
  • compositions should be formulated to contain between about 0.05 milligram to about 750 milligrams or more, more preferably about 1 milligram to about 600 milligrams, and even more preferably about 10 milligrams to about 500 milligrams of active ingredient, alone or in combination with at least one other compound according to the present disclosure.
  • a specific dosage and treatment regimen for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors, including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, and the judgment of the treating physician and the severity of the particular disease or condition being treated.
  • a patient or subject in need of therapy using compounds according to the methods described herein can be treated by administering to the patient (subject) an effective amount of the compound according to the present disclosure including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or polymorphs, thereof optionally in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, either alone, or in combination with other known erythopoiesis stimulating agents as otherwise identified herein.
  • These compounds can be administered by any appropriate route, for example, orally, parenterally, intravenously, intradermally, subcutaneously, or topically, including transdermally, in liquid, cream, gel, or solid form, or by aerosol form.
  • the active compound is included in the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent in an amount sufficient to deliver to a patient a therapeutically effective amount for the desired indication, without causing serious toxic effects in the patient treated.
  • a preferred dose of the active compound for all of the herein-mentioned conditions is in the range from about 10 ng/kg to 300 mg/kg, preferably 0.1 to 100 mg/kg per day, more generally 0.5 to about 25 mg per kilogram body weight of the recipient/patient per day.
  • a typical topical dosage will range from 0.01-5% wt/wt in a suitable carrier.
  • the compound is conveniently administered in any suitable unit dosage form, including but not limited to one containing less than lmg, 1 mg to 3000 mg, preferably 5 to 500 mg of active ingredient per unit dosage form.
  • An oral dosage of about 25-250 mg is often convenient.
  • the active ingredient is preferably administered to achieve peak plasma concentrations of the active compound of about 0.00001-30 mM, preferably about 0.1-30 mM. This may be achieved, for example, by the intravenous injection of a solution or formulation of the active ingredient, optionally in saline, or an aqueous medium or administered as a bolus of the active ingredient. Oral administration is also appropriate to generate effective plasma concentrations of active agent.
  • the concentration of active compound in the drug composition will depend on absorption, distribution, inactivation, and excretion rates of the drug as well as other factors known to those of skill in the art. It is to be noted that dosage values will also vary with the severity of the condition to be alleviated. It is to be further understood that for any particular subject, specific dosage regimens should be adjusted over time according to the individual need and the professional judgment of the person administering or supervising the administration of the compositions, and that the concentration ranges set forth herein are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope or practice of the claimed composition.
  • the active ingredient may be administered at once, or may be divided into a number of smaller doses to be administered at varying intervals of time.
  • Oral compositions will generally include an inert diluent or an edible carrier. They may be enclosed in gelatin capsules or compressed into tablets. For the purpose of oral therapeutic administration, the active compound or its prodrug derivative can be incorporated with excipients and used in the form of tablets, troches, or capsules. Pharmaceutically compatible binding agents, and/or adjuvant materials can be included as part of the composition.
  • the tablets, pills, capsules, troches and the like can contain any of the following ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin; an excipient such as starch or lactose, a dispersing agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or corn starch; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or Sterotes; a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide; a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methyl salicylate, or orange flavoring.
  • a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin
  • an excipient such as starch or lactose, a dispersing agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or corn starch
  • a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or Sterotes
  • a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide
  • dosage unit form When the dosage unit form is a capsule, it can contain, in addition to material of the above type, a liquid carrier such as a fatty oil.
  • dosage unit forms can contain various other materials which modify the physical form of the dosage unit, for example, coatings of sugar, shellac, or enteric agents.
  • the active compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered as a component of an elixir, suspension, syrup, wafer, chewing gum or the like.
  • a syrup may contain, in addition to the active compounds, sucrose as a sweetening agent and certain preservatives, dyes and colorings and flavors.
  • the active compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can also be mixed with other active materials that do not impair the desired action, or with materials that supplement the desired action, such as erythropoietin stimulating agents, including EPO and darbapoietin alfa, among others.
  • erythropoietin stimulating agents including EPO and darbapoietin alfa
  • one or more compounds according to the present disclosure are coadministered with another bioactive agent, such as an erythropoietin stimulating agent or a would healing agent, including an antibiotic, as otherwise described herein.
  • Solutions or suspensions used for parenteral, intradermal, subcutaneous, or topical application can include the following components: a sterile diluent such as water for injection, saline solution, fixed oils, polyethylene glycols, glycerine, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvents; antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; buffers such as acetates, citrates or phosphates and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose.
  • the parental preparation can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic.
  • preferred carriers are physiological saline or phosphate buffered saline (PBS).
  • the active compounds are prepared with carriers that will protect the compound against rapid elimination from the body, such as a controlled release formulation, including implants and microencapsulated delivery systems.
  • a controlled release formulation including implants and microencapsulated delivery systems.
  • Biodegradable, biocompatible polymers can be used, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid. Methods for preparation of such formulations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • Liposomal suspensions may also be pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. These may be prepared according to methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,522,811 (which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • liposome formulations may be prepared by dissolving appropriate lipid(s) (such as stearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine, stearoyl phosphatidyl choline, arachadoyl phosphatidyl choline, and cholesterol) in an inorganic solvent that is then evaporated, leaving behind a thin film of dried lipid on the surface of the container. An aqueous solution of the active compound are then introduced into the container. The container is then swirled by hand to free lipid material from the sides of the container and to disperse lipid aggregates, thereby forming the liposomal suspension.
  • appropriate lipid(s) such as stearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine, stearoyl phosphat
  • the description provides therapeutic compositions comprising an effective amount of a compound as described herein or salt form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the therapeutic compositions modulate protein degradation in a patient or subject, for example, an animal such as a human, and can be used for treating or ameliorating disease states or conditions which are modulated through the degraded protein.
  • the terms“treat”,“treating”, and“treatment”, etc., as used herein, refer to any action providing a benefit to a patient for which the present compounds may be administered, including the treatment of any disease state or condition which is modulated through the protein to which the present compounds bind.
  • Disease states or conditions, including cancer, which may be treated using compounds according to the present disclosure are set forth hereinabove.
  • the description provides therapeutic compositions as described herein for effectuating the degradation of proteins of interest for the treatment or amelioration of a disease, e.g., cancer.
  • the disease is multiple myeloma.
  • the description provides a method of ubiquitinating/ degrading a target protein in a cell.
  • the method comprises administering a bifunctional compound as described herein comprising, e.g., a CLM and a PTM, preferably linked through a linker moiety, as otherwise described herein, wherein the CLM is coupled to the PTM and wherein the CLM recognizes a ubiquitin pathway protein (e.g., an ubiquitin ligase, preferably an E3 ubiquitin ligase such as, e.g., cereblon) and the PTM recognizes the target protein such that degradation of the target protein will occur when the target protein is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase, thus resulting in degradation/inhibition of the effects of the target protein and the control of protein levels.
  • a ubiquitin pathway protein e.g., an ubiquitin ligase, preferably an E3 ubiquitin ligase such as, e.g., cereblon
  • the PTM recognizes the target protein such that degradation of the target protein will occur when the target protein is
  • control of protein levels afforded by the present disclosure provides treatment of a disease state or condition, which is modulated through the target protein by lowering the level of that protein in the cell, e.g., cell of a patient.
  • the method comprises administering an effective amount of a compound as described herein, optionally including a pharamaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier, adjuvant, another bioactive agent or combination thereof.
  • the description provides methods for treating or emeliorating a disease, disorder or symptom thereof in a subject or a patient, e.g., an animal such as a human, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising an effective amount, e.g., a therapeutically effective amount, of a compound as described herein or salt form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier, adjuvant, another bioactive agent or combination thereof, wherein the composition is effective for treating or ameliorating the disease or disorder or symptom thereof in the subject.
  • a composition comprising an effective amount, e.g., a therapeutically effective amount, of a compound as described herein or salt form thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier, adjuvant, another bioactive agent or combination thereof, wherein the composition is effective for treating or ameliorating the disease or disorder or symptom thereof in the subject.
  • the description provides methods for identifying the effects of the degradation of proteins of interest in a biological system using compounds according to the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a method of treating a human patient in need for a disease state or condition modulated through a protein where the degradation of that protein will produce a therapeutic effect in that patient, the method comprising administering to a patient in need an effective amount of a compound according to the present disclosure, optionally in combination with another bioactive agent.
  • the disease state or condition may be a disease caused by a microbial agent or other exogenous agent such as a virus, bacteria, fungus, protozoa or other microbe or may be a disease state, which is caused by overexpression of a protein, which leads to a disease state and/or condition
  • disease state or condition is used to describe any disease state or condition wherein protein dysregulation (i.e., the amount of protein expressed in a patient is elevated) occurs and where degradation of one or more proteins in a patient may provide beneficial therapy or relief of symptoms to a patient in need thereof. In certain instances, the disease state or condition may be cured.
  • Disease states of conditions which may be treated using compounds according to the present disclosure include, for example, asthma, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, various cancers, ciliopathies, cleft palate, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, inflammatory bowel disease, mental retardation, mood disorder, obesity, refractive error, infertility, Angelman syndrome, Canavan disease, Coeliac disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Haemochromatosis, Haemophilia, Klinefelter's syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, Phenylketonuria, Polycystic kidney disease, (PKD1) or 4 (PKD2) Prader- Willi syndrome, Sickle-cell disease, Tay-Sachs disease, Turner syndrome.
  • autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, various cancers, ciliopathies, cleft palate, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, inflammatory bowel disease, mental retardation, mood disorder, obesity, refractive error,
  • Further disease states or conditions which may be treated by compounds according to the present disclosure include Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease), Anorexia nervosa, Anxiety disorder, Atherosclerosis, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Autism, Bipolar disorder, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Crohn's disease, Coronary heart disease, Dementia, Depression, Diabetes mellitus type 1, Diabetes mellitus type 2, Epilepsy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Irritable bowel syndrome, Lupus, Metabolic syndrome, Multiple sclerosis, Myocardial infarction, Obesity, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Panic disorder, Parkinson's disease, Psoriasis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Schizophrenia, Stroke, Thromboangiitis obliterans, Tourette syndrome, Vasculitis.
  • Alzheimer's disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • Still additional disease states or conditions which can be treated by compounds according to the present disclosure include aceruloplasminemia, Achondrogenesis type II, achondroplasia, Acrocephaly, Gaucher disease type 2, acute intermittent porphyria, Canavan disease, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, ALA dehydratase deficiency, adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency, Adrenogenital syndrome, Adrenoleukodystrophy, ALA-D porphyria, ALA dehydratase deficiency, Alkaptonuria, Alexander disease, Alkaptonuric ochronosis, alpha 1- antitrypsin deficiency, alpha- 1 proteinase inhibitor, emphysema, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Alstrom syndrome, Alexander disease, Amelogenesis imperfecta, ALA dehydratase deficiency, Anderson-Fabry disease, androgen insensitivity syndrome, Anemia Angiokeratoma Corp
  • neoplasia or“cancer” is used throughout the specification to refer to the pathological process that results in the formation and growth of a cancerous or malignant neoplasm, i.e., abnormal tissue that grows by cellular proliferation, often more rapidly than normal and continues to grow after the stimuli that initiated the new growth cease.
  • malignant neoplasms show partial or complete lack of structural organization and functional coordination with the normal tissue and most invade surrounding tissues, metastasize to several sites, and are likely to recur after attempted removal and to cause the death of the patient unless adequately treated.
  • neoplasia is used to describe all cancerous disease states and embraces or encompasses the pathological process associated with malignant hematogenous, ascitic and solid tumors.
  • Exemplary cancers which may be treated by the present compounds either alone or in combination with at least one additional anti-cancer agent include squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinomas, and renal cell carcinomas, cancer of the bladder, bowel, breast, cervix, colon, esophagus, head, kidney, liver, lung, neck, ovary, pancreas, prostate, and stomach; leukemias; benign and malignant lymphomas, particularly Burkitfs lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; benign and malignant melanomas; myeloproliferative diseases; sarcomas, including Ewing's sarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma
  • Additional cancers which may be treated using compounds according to the present disclosure include, for example, T-lineage Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL), T- lineage lymphoblastic Lymphoma (T-LL), Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, Adult T-cell Leukemia, Pre-B ALL, Pre-B Lymphomas, Large B-cell Lymphoma, Burkitts Lymphoma, B-cell ALL, Philadelphia chromosome positive ALL and Philadelphia chromosome positive CML.
  • T-ALL T-lineage Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia
  • T-LL T- lineage lymphoblastic Lymphoma
  • Peripheral T-cell lymphoma Peripheral T-cell lymphoma
  • Adult T-cell Leukemia Pre-B ALL
  • Pre-B Lymphomas Large B-cell Lymphoma
  • Burkitts Lymphoma B-cell ALL
  • Philadelphia chromosome positive ALL Philadelphia chromosome positive CML.
  • bioactive agent is used to describe an agent, other than a compound according to the present disclosure, which is used in combination with the present compounds as an agent with biological activity to assist in effecting an intended therapy, inhibition and/or prevention/prophylaxis for which the present compounds are used.
  • Preferred bioactive agents for use herein include those agents which have pharmacological activity similar to that for which the present compounds are used or administered and include for example, anti-cancer agents, antiviral agents, especially including anti-HIV agents and anti-HCV agents, antimicrobial agents, antifungal agents, etc.
  • the term“additional anti-cancer agent” is used to describe an anti-cancer agent, which may be combined with compounds according to the present disclosure to treat cancer.
  • These agents include, for example, everolimus, trabectedin, abraxane, TLK 286, AV-299, DN- 101, pazopanib, GSK690693, RTA 744, ON 09l0.Na, AZD 6244 (ARRY-142886), AMN-107, TKI-258, GSK461364, AZD 1152, enzastaurin, vandetanib, ARQ-197, MK-0457, MLN8054, PHA-739358, R-763, AT-9263, a FLT-3 inhibitor, a VEGFR inhibitor, an EGFR TK inhibitor, an aurora kinase inhibitor, a PIK-l modulator, a Bcl-2 inhibitor, an HD AC inhbitor, a c-MET inhibitor, a PARP inhibitor,
  • anti-HIV agent or“additional anti-HIV agent” includes, for example, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), other non-nucloeoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (i.e., those which are not representative of the present disclosure), protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, among others, exemplary compounds of which may include, for example, 3TC (Lamivudine), AZT (Zidovudine), (-)-FTC, ddl (Didanosine), ddC (zalcitabine), abacavir (ABC), tenofovir (PMPA), D-D4FC (Reverset), D4T (Stavudine), Racivir, L-FddC, L-FD4C, NVP (Nevirapine), DLV (Delavirdine), EFV (Efavirenz), SQVM (Saquinavir mesylate), RTV (NRTI), other non-n
  • NNRTFs i.e., other than the NNRTFs according to the present disclosure
  • NNRTFs may be selected from the group consisting of nevirapine (BI-R6-587), delavirdine (U-90152S/T), efavirenz (DMP-266), UC-781 (N-[4- chloro-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]-2methyl3-furancarbothiamide), etravirine (TMC125), Trovirdine (Ly300046.HCl), MKC-442 (emivirine, coactinon), HI-236, HI-240, HI-280, HI-281, rilpivirine (TMC-278), MSC-127, HBY 097, DMP266, Baicalin (TJN-151) ADAM-II (Methyl 3 , ,3 ,
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt is used throughout the specification to describe, where applicable, a salt form of one or more of the compounds described herein which are presented to increase the solubility of the compound in the gastic juices of the patient's gastrointestinal tract in order to promote dissolution and the bioavailability of the compounds.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those derived from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic bases and acids, where applicable. Suitable salts include those derived from alkali metals such as potassium and sodium, alkaline earth metals such as calcium, magnesium and ammonium salts, among numerous other acids and bases well known in the pharmaceutical art. Sodium and potassium salts are particularly preferred as neutralization salts of the phosphates according to the present disclosure.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable derivative is used throughout the specification to describe any pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug form (such as an ester, amide other prodrug group), which, upon administration to a patient, provides directly or indirectly the present compound or an active metabolite of the present compound.
  • PTMs and ULMs e.g. CLMs
  • Linker moieties can be synthesized with a range of compositions, lengths and flexibility and functionalized such that the PTM and ULM groups can be attached sequentially to distal ends of the linker.
  • a library of bifunctional molecules can be realized and profiled in in vitro and in vivo pharmacological and ADMET/PK studies.
  • the final bifunctional molecules can be subject to iterative design and optimization cycles in order to identify molecules with desirable properties.
  • DIAD diisopropyl azodicarboxylate
  • DIBAL disiobutylaluminium hydride

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  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
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CN112262134A (zh) 2021-01-22
MX2023002134A (es) 2023-03-16
AU2019251223A1 (en) 2020-11-26
JP2021521192A (ja) 2021-08-26
AU2023248067A1 (en) 2023-11-02
JP2023175957A (ja) 2023-12-12
KR20210003804A (ko) 2021-01-12
CN112262134B (zh) 2024-05-24
IL302595A (en) 2023-07-01
IL310860A (en) 2024-04-01
IL277934A (en) 2020-11-30

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