EP3555556B1 - Munitionsmodul, gefechtskopf und munition - Google Patents

Munitionsmodul, gefechtskopf und munition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3555556B1
EP3555556B1 EP17805106.6A EP17805106A EP3555556B1 EP 3555556 B1 EP3555556 B1 EP 3555556B1 EP 17805106 A EP17805106 A EP 17805106A EP 3555556 B1 EP3555556 B1 EP 3555556B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detonator
explosive
ignition
warhead
channel
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EP17805106.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3555556A1 (de
Inventor
Benjamin SCHMITZ
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Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
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Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to PL17805106T priority Critical patent/PL3555556T3/pl
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0807—Primers; Detonators characterised by the particular configuration of the transmission channels from the priming energy source to the charge to be ignited, e.g. multiple channels, nozzles, diaphragms or filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/207—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by the explosive material or the construction of the high explosive warhead, e.g. insensitive ammunition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0838—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the explosive charge in a warhead

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an ammunition module, a warhead with an ammunition module and ammunition with a warhead.
  • an ammunition with a large length-to-diameter ratio which has an explosive charge casing filled with explosives and is provided at one end with an ignition device, a detonative initiating arrangement extending from the ignition device in the axial direction to a point in the explosive which is approximately the corresponds to half the longitudinal axis.
  • an explosive projectile with a pre-fragmented casing of increased effectiveness and its manufacturing process are known.
  • This projectile contains a thin metal shell that is in very close contact with the inner surface of the pre-fragmented rings that make up the shell of the projectile.
  • the ignition relay of the explosive charge which is supposed to detonate this charge, is located on the axis and approximately in the middle of the explosive charge.
  • a metallic detonator extension which contains an explosives-filled channel which passes through it.
  • the channel is small at one end and large at the other end.
  • the small end is adjacent to a detonator and the large end is adjacent to a burst charge. If the explosive explodes in the channel, the small end is closed off due to the flow of metal, which prevents counterfire of the burst charge through the small end.
  • the object of the invention is to improve ammunition.
  • the ammunition module contains an explosives arrangement, i.e. explosives in a certain geometric or spatial arrangement or distribution.
  • the ammunition module contains a detonator.
  • the explosive arrangement or the explosive can be ignited by the detonator.
  • the detonator is arranged or oriented relative to the explosive arrangement in such a way that, in the event of an ignition, it ignites it at an ignition point.
  • the ignition point is thus a specific location of the explosive arrangement at which it is ignited by the detonator.
  • the ignition point is positioned at a location within an envelope of the explosive device, i.e. not on the surface of the envelope. The place is away from the detonator.
  • the envelope contains the entire explosive and also gaps, indentations, recesses in the explosive arrangement. It is a flat or convex surface at all points. It is also possible that it is concave at least in some places, e.g. B. with notch charges in the envelope.
  • an ignition channel runs from the igniter to the ignition point.
  • the ignition channel is surrounded by at least part of the explosives arrangement.
  • the ignition channel is designed as a channel which is open in the initial state.
  • the initial state is a state before the start of an ignition of the ammunition module or the explosive.
  • the channel In an explosive state, which occurs after the explosive has been ignited, the channel is self-sealing.
  • “Sealing” means in particular to close or seal at least part of the ignition channel.
  • Self-sealing means that the ignition channel is sealed automatically or inevitably through the implementation of the explosive after ignition. Before ignition, the ignition channel is open; after ignition has taken place, the channel is sealed, that is to say at least partially closed.
  • the detonator ignites the explosive either directly (the detonator ignites the explosives assembly) or indirectly (the detonator ignites an ignition transformer, the ignition transformer ignites the explosives assembly).
  • “Inside the envelope” means that the ignition point is not located on the surface of an envelope of the explosive arrangement facing the detonator in particular, but (in particular deep) inside the envelope, in particular in the area of the geometric center or in an area opposite the detonator beyond the center the explosives assembly.
  • the explosive state is particularly that when part of the explosive has already been implemented and part not yet. Then an ammunition casing is usually stretched, but still tight, so that a pressure build-up inside the ammunition is still in progress. This pressure build-up is used in particular to seal the ignition channel.
  • the invention is based on the observation that a warhead z. B. is ignited via a head detonator, which immediately brings the explosives to implementation. So there is little effect in the direction of impact z. B. a grenade.
  • a self-sealing ignition channel inside the warhead an ignition point is realized away from the detonator side. This ignition channel avoids the loss of power by becoming self-sealing after the ignition of the warhead and preventing the escape of fumes from the explosion. Clouds are created when explosives are converted from solids into gas. The energy serves to accelerate the active charge. Due to the self-sealing ignition channel, an optimal ignition point of the warhead can be selected without losing performance due to significant pressure loss during the warhead implementation.
  • the invention it is made possible to ignite a warhead at will without expecting a drop in performance due to a premature escape of the explosion plumes.
  • the invention allows this to be implemented without having to resort to inline ignition means, such as. B. EFIs (Exploding Foil Initiator, which are also electrically high Energy must be ignited).
  • the ignition can be implemented without electrical energy.
  • an effect in the direction of the detonator in particular fragmentation, no hollow charge
  • SAD Safety and Arming Device
  • the ignition channel is at least partially closed or sealed in the blasted state by at least one sealing element.
  • the sealing element is introduced into the ignition channel by the at least partially converted explosive (in particular its pressure effect).
  • the sealing element is therefore a means for sealing or at least partially closing the ignition channel or an ignition channel opening (on the ignition side).
  • the ignition channel can be sealed or closed particularly effectively by means of a corresponding sealing element.
  • the sealing element can be in several parts or several sealing elements can be present in the ammunition module or they can also be combined, each sealing the ignition channel or the sealing elements working together.
  • the sealing element is formed by a body which in the initial state has an initial shape. In the explosion state, the body is deformed into a closure shape. At least part of the deformed body is the sealing element.
  • the body in the initial state is not in the ignition channel and is introduced into the ignition channel - in its initial form or in the form of a closure or in an intermediate state - by the at least partially converted explosive in order to seal it.
  • the body can therefore also first be brought into the ignition channel through the at least partially converted explosive, so that there at least a part of the body forms the sealing element in an undeformed or other form.
  • a sealing element in the form of a body can also be kept in the ammunition module, which is then brought into the ignition channel by converting the explosive in order to seal it. A particularly effective and simple sealing of the ignition channel is thus possible.
  • the body in the initial form is a shell surrounding the ignition channel.
  • the shell is in particular a sleeve, a tube or a lining of the ignition channel, for. B. in the form of a circular cylinder jacket. Since the shell surrounds the ignition channel and the ignition channel is in turn surrounded by explosives, the implementation of the explosive leads to a compression of the shell and thus to a deformation of the body to form the sealing element. A particularly simple and effective sealing of the ignition channel is achieved in this way.
  • the body is a metal body.
  • metal behaves roughly like a liquid and can therefore be deformed particularly easily.
  • the metal is a relatively soft metal, e.g. B. Copper.
  • the ignition channel is not an unfilled cavity in the initial state, but contains a pyrotechnic material.
  • the pyrotechnic material is in a upon detonation of the explosive device Residual material implemented.
  • the pyrotechnic material enables the ignition to be transferred from the igniter to the ignition point.
  • the sealing element is formed by at least part of the residual material.
  • z. B. consist of a sealing element in a compressed metal tube, which is then combined with the remaining material as a further sealing filling in order to achieve a particularly effective sealing of the ignition channel.
  • the residual material is slag.
  • Slag is particularly suitable for forming a corresponding sealing element.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a warhead according to patent claim 5.
  • the warhead contains an ammunition module with a detonator and with an explosives arrangement which can be ignited by the detonator.
  • the warhead also contains an active coating that at least partially surrounds the explosive arrangement. The active occupancy can be accelerated by the implemented explosives.
  • the ammunition module is an ammunition module according to the invention.
  • the detonator is in particular a head detonator.
  • the warhead and at least some of its embodiments as well as the respective advantages have already been explained in the context of the ammunition module according to the invention. This results in ammunition, the effective occupancy of which is also accelerated in the direction of the ignition by the sealed ignition channel. In the case of a head detonator, this is e.g. B. an existing effect in the direction of flight or impact of the ammunition.
  • the effective assignment is a splitter assignment. In this way, particularly effective warheads with a fragmentation effect in the direction of the fuse can be produced.
  • At least part of the active coating is attached to the side of the explosive arrangement facing the detonator. Thanks to the invention, this active occupancy is also accelerated sufficiently to have an effect (in the direction of the detonator).
  • - from the Explosive arrangement from the point of view - achieve a desired warhead effect with the help of the active occupancy in the detonator direction.
  • a head-side effect in particular a fragmentation effect, can be achieved in the impact direction of a warhead with a head fuse.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by an ammunition according to patent claim 8.
  • the ammunition contains a warhead and an impact fuse.
  • the warhead is a warhead according to the invention.
  • the detonator of the warhead is the impact detonator.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by an ammunition according to claim 9 in the form of an air burst ammunition (air burst: air detonation point), with a warhead, the warhead being a warhead according to the invention.
  • air burst air detonation point
  • the warhead according to the invention an effect is also possible in the igniter direction, an effect in other directions can be implemented conventionally anyway.
  • the ammunition and at least some of the embodiments thereof, as well as the respective advantages, have already been explained accordingly in connection with the above-mentioned ammunition according to the invention, the warhead according to the invention and the ammunition module according to the invention.
  • the invention is based on the following findings, observations and considerations.
  • the embodiments mentioned below are sometimes also referred to as "the invention” for the sake of simplicity.
  • the embodiments can here also contain parts or combinations of the above-mentioned embodiments or correspond to them and / or optionally also include embodiments not mentioned so far.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that in practice it is often the case that a head fuse is used with ammunition and no sufficient effect is generated in the frontal direction. Therefore, in the following the Ignition mechanism for a spherical power explained using the example of a head detonator. It is, however, the case that this can be implemented for any type of detonator (as a rule, however, in the case of ammunition, due to the rotational symmetry, this will be a head detonator or a rear detonator).
  • the aim is to achieve an effect in the direction of the detonator (in particular fragmentation, no hollow charge) in a warhead without using an ignition and safety device outside the detonator. So far - especially in the case of classic ammunition - the effect in the direction of the detonator has generally been dispensed with (or significant performance losses have been accepted).
  • the invention is based on the observation that explosives are ignited directly on the detonator side. As a result, plumes escape and the detonation wave propagates in the wrong direction.
  • the known DM121 ammunition has no front splitter at all.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the explosion vapors only after acceleration of the active occupancy (usually splinters) the warhead, z. B. a grenade, otherwise there is a loss of pressure and thus a loss of power (during energy transfer).
  • the detonation wave must propagate in the desired effective direction.
  • the invention is based on the idea of placing the ignition point sufficiently deep in the warhead.
  • a self-sealing ignition channel is proposed as a solution.
  • the explosives or warhead there is a channel at the end of which the warhead is ignited (e.g. by an ignition transformer with the aid of a flyer).
  • the detonation wave in the explosive closes the canal so that, on the one hand, no detonation plumes can escape and, on the other hand, the detonation wave can act on all active surfaces (especially those in the direction of the detonator) .
  • a relatively soft metal e.g. copper
  • the ignition channel with a (metal) lining is necessary, otherwise the vapor will escape prematurely and with it a pressure drop.
  • the ignition principle does not necessarily require a hollow ignition channel that has to be overcome with a flyer. It is also possible that this z. B. with a pyrotechnics o. ⁇ . Is filled (so-called slag sealing).
  • the invention is applicable to fragmentation grenades with "powerful" fragments in the front area, e.g. B. a grenade against vehicles with fragments of a performance category that z. B. can fight the interior of a pick-up completely.
  • the invention can also be applied to air burst grenades (in particular 40 mm air burst):
  • a warhead which has a spherical effective area is very desirable for an air explosive point grenade, since an area can be fought very effectively with it.
  • there are no areas without power Compared to a warhead with a self-sealing ignition channel, without this design the plumes escape prematurely and the active occupancy (here splinters) cannot be accelerated accordingly.
  • the idea of the invention is therefore to achieve a frontal effect in a 40 mm warhead that is ignited via a head detonator without using an SAD (detonator and safety device) outside the detonator, which is feasible both technically and cost-effectively .
  • the self-sealing ignition channel creates an ignition point away from the warhead tip. Splinters can also be accelerated below the detonator.
  • the 40 mm 360 degree warhead can work with fragments in any direction, in contrast to previous warheads of this ammunition, which for the most part have to do without a power in the direction of the detonator.
  • a design for a (40 mm) grenade results which enables a spherical effect.
  • HE and HE-PFF High Energy Pre Formed Fragments
  • uniform shells can be used which are also used with other 40 mm bullets.
  • spherically distributed fragments result without angular areas which are not covered (360-degree fragmentation effect), in particular in the direction of flight or impact of the grenade.
  • the invention enables a significantly larger proportion of standard components, which lowers manufacturing costs.
  • the 360-degree splitter area offers two advantages for tactical deployment scenarios: Splitters in the front area can be used, in particular, against light and non-armored vehicles in order to combat the occupants.
  • a typical scenario would be a pick-up.
  • the current ammunition would then direct all construction splinters away from the target object.
  • For air burst ammunition air burst ammunition
  • a 360-degree fragmentation effect is a great advantage, since the projectile does not hit an object but is usually deployed in the air.
  • the warhead presented here would work with splinters in all directions and thus fight a significantly larger area on the battlefield per shot. This results in a significantly higher effect per shot and a lower effectiveness of enemy cover. So far, the fragmentation effect in the direction of the fuse had to be dispensed with with 40 mm ammunition.
  • the starting point of the invention is the knowledge that 40 mm grenades do without the fragmentation effect in the direction of the detonator and thus cannot attack targets in all directions.
  • the aim of the invention is therefore to design a 40 mm warhead that has a 360-degree fragmentation effect, in particular a fragmentation effect in the direction of fire, without changing the basic design.
  • the explosion plumes are only allowed to leave the warhead after the active occupancy has been accelerated (usually splinters), otherwise there will be a loss of pressure and thus a loss of power (during energy transfer).
  • the detonation wave should propagate in the desired direction.
  • the warhead has in particular an ignition transformer (e.g. made of HNS, hexanitrostilbene) which is ignited by means of a flyer-forming booster.
  • the ignition transformer ignites the main charge. Due to the detonation wave, the flyer's flight channel is closed by the self-sealing ignition channel, so that the performance of the warhead is not lost in the direction of the ignition and is available to accelerate the splinters. Splinters are accelerated away from the grenade in all directions.
  • the invention can be used in particular for a 40 mm 360 degree fragmentation warhead for HE-PFF ammunition with an impact fuse. In this case, the splinters in the front area should fight the target on which they hit.
  • the invention can also be used for a 40 mm 360 degree fragmentation warhead for HE-PFF ammunition with air burst ammunition.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that currently the 40 mm warheads do not have any noteworthy fragmentation effect in the direction of the fuse.
  • the detonation point in an explosives arrangement (viewed in particular from the detonator) is moved “backwards” or in the middle, in any case it does not remain “in front”.
  • the explosive is triggered by a pressure wave.
  • the pressure wave then propagates "forward".
  • the invention there is thus a means for closing the ignition channel opening.
  • an ignition mechanism for warhead action in the igniter direction The invention allows an ignition mechanism which makes it possible to generate a powerful effect in the direction of the igniter. This basically affects the effect of warheads and grenades.
  • the invention describes an ignition mechanism which makes it possible to achieve a uniform spherical effect.
  • the invention provides a 40mm 360 degree fragmentation warhead.
  • the invention describes a 40 mm warhead which, in spite of a head fuse, has a powerful frontal effect and a spherical effect.
  • Figure 1 shows a section or part of an ammunition 2, the ammunition being a 40 mm fragmentation grenade.
  • the ammunition 2 contains a warhead 4.
  • the warhead 4 contains an ammunition module 6 with a detonator 8 and an explosive arrangement 10 which can be ignited by the detonator.
  • the explosive arrangement 10 is shown by hatching.
  • the warhead 4 also contains an active coating 12 which surrounds the explosive arrangement 10 and which can be accelerated by converted explosives of the explosive arrangement 10 or is accelerated in the event of ignition.
  • the detonator 8 is a head detonator, since it is located “in front of” the explosive arrangement 10 or, in this sense, at the “head” of the ammunition 2 with respect to a flight direction 14 of the ammunition 2 (in the case of use).
  • the active occupancy 12 is a splinter occupancy, a part 16 of the active occupancy 12 is attached to the side of the explosive arrangement 10 facing the detonator 8.
  • the detonator 8 is arranged relative to the explosive arrangement 10 in such a way that it can ignite the explosive arrangement at an ignition point 18 or, in the case of use, ignites.
  • the ignition point 18 is located at a location remote from the detonator 8 within an envelope 20 of the explosive arrangement 10.
  • the envelope 20 is shown in dashed lines for the sake of clarity at a small distance from the explosive arrangement 10.
  • the envelope 20 envelops both the explosive of the explosive arrangement 10 and a recess in the form of an ignition channel 22 made or formed in the explosive Explosives assembly 10 leads.
  • the ignition channel 22 runs from the igniter 8 to the ignition point 18.
  • the ignition channel is lined by a body 26, here a shell in the form of a straight circular cylinder jacket, or surrounded or delimited towards the explosive.
  • the body is in an initial shape F.
  • the body 26 is a metal body, here made of copper.
  • Figure 1 shows an initial state A of the ammunition 2 or the ammunition module 6 or the explosive arrangement 10.
  • the detonator 8 is not activated or triggered. Thus, no explosives or the like has yet started in ammunition 2.
  • the ignition channel 22 is open, i.e. one channel is released from the igniter 8 to the ignition point 18.
  • the ignition channel 22 is set up in such a way that, proceeding from the initial open state A, it seals itself in an explosive state S.
  • the ignition channel 22 is an unfilled cavity in the initial state A.
  • the igniter 8 is a flyer-forming booster igniter and the ignition channel 22 is a flyer channel for this purpose.
  • an ignition transformer 28 is arranged (indicated by dashed lines). The ignition transformer 28 is used for the actual ignition of the explosive arrangement 10 or its explosive. The flight path of the flyer is symbolized by an arrow.
  • Figure 1 alternatively shows an ignition channel 22, which is not an unfilled cavity, but contains a pyrotechnic material 30 (dashed, hatched).
  • the pyrotechnic material 30 is used here to transmit the ignition information from the igniter 8 to the ignition point 18.
  • Figure 2 shows the ammunition 2 from Figure 1 in the explosive state S.
  • the explosive state S exists after the igniter 8 has been ignited.
  • the igniter 8 has already ignited the explosive of the explosive arrangement 10 at the ignition point 18.
  • the explosive 10 is in a conversion phase, ie at least part of the explosive has already been converted.
  • a casing (not shown in more detail) of the ammunition 2 is at most deformed, but not yet destroyed and still keeps the converted explosive within the effective occupancy 12.
  • the ignition channel 22 (whose initial state A is again indicated by dashed lines) is at least partially closed by a sealing element 24, the sealing element 24 being introduced into the ignition channel 22 by the at least partially converted explosives of the explosive arrangement 10.
  • the sealing element 24 is formed here by at least a part of the body 26, which is deformed into a closure shape V in the exploded state S.
  • the pyrotechnic material 30 is converted into a residual material 32 after ignition.
  • This residual material 32 also forms a further sealing element 24 and is slag.
  • the original ignition channel 22 is sealed by the sealing elements 24, so that little or no plumes of the converted explosive can escape. In the in Figure 2 The situation shown is therefore the entire energy of the converted explosive is still available to accelerate the active occupancy 12.
  • FIG 3 shows symbolically an alternative ammunition 2, here in the form of an air burst ammunition, with an alternative warhead 4 with an alternative ammunition module 6 in the initial state A.
  • the ignition point 18 is approximately in the middle of the envelope 20 of the explosive arrangement 10.
  • the detonator 8 is again a flyer-forming booster igniter which interacts with an ignition transformer 28. The flight path of the flyer is again symbolized by an arrow.
  • the ignition point 18 is extended here and consists of the explosives surrounding or adjoining the ignition transformer.
  • the sealing element 24 is formed by a body 26, here a copper tube, which surrounds the ignition channel 22 in its initial shape F in the manner of a straight circular cylinder jacket.
  • the body 26 is compressed to form the sealing element 24 (shown in dashed lines).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
EP17805106.6A 2016-12-16 2017-11-29 Munitionsmodul, gefechtskopf und munition Active EP3555556B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL17805106T PL3555556T3 (pl) 2016-12-16 2017-11-29 Moduł amunicji, głowica bojowa i amunicja

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016015042.4A DE102016015042B4 (de) 2016-12-16 2016-12-16 Munitionsmodul, Gefechtskopf und Munition
PCT/EP2017/001391 WO2018108308A1 (de) 2016-12-16 2017-11-29 Munitionsmodul, gefechtskopf und munition

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3555556A1 EP3555556A1 (de) 2019-10-23
EP3555556B1 true EP3555556B1 (de) 2021-12-29

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US (1) US10845176B2 (es)
EP (1) EP3555556B1 (es)
DE (1) DE102016015042B4 (es)
ES (1) ES2906354T3 (es)
PL (1) PL3555556T3 (es)
WO (1) WO2018108308A1 (es)
ZA (1) ZA201903447B (es)

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DE102020129200A1 (de) 2020-11-05 2022-05-05 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Pyrotechnischer Gegenstand
CN113800992B (zh) * 2021-10-27 2023-03-21 中北大学 一种低发火能量微型冲击片雷管

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DE102016015042A1 (de) 2018-06-21
WO2018108308A1 (de) 2018-06-21
US20190316890A1 (en) 2019-10-17
ZA201903447B (en) 2020-02-26
PL3555556T3 (pl) 2022-04-19
ES2906354T3 (es) 2022-04-18
EP3555556A1 (de) 2019-10-23
DE102016015042B4 (de) 2018-08-23
US10845176B2 (en) 2020-11-24

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