EP3415316A1 - Method and device for producing a structured surface - Google Patents
Method and device for producing a structured surface Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3415316A1 EP3415316A1 EP18157511.9A EP18157511A EP3415316A1 EP 3415316 A1 EP3415316 A1 EP 3415316A1 EP 18157511 A EP18157511 A EP 18157511A EP 3415316 A1 EP3415316 A1 EP 3415316A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liquid layer
- layer
- workpiece
- agent
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 65
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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Images
Classifications
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- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
- B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
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- B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating
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- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
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- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/56—Three layers or more
- B05D7/58—No clear coat specified
- B05D7/584—No clear coat specified at least some layers being let to dry, at least partially, before applying the next layer
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- B41J11/00—Devices or arrangements of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form
- B41J11/0015—Devices or arrangements of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form for treating before, during or after printing or for uniform coating or laminating the copy material before or after printing
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- B41J11/002—Curing or drying the ink on the copy materials, e.g. by heating or irradiating
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- B41M7/0027—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using protective coatings or layers by lamination or by fusion of the coatings or layers
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- B41M7/0045—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using protective coatings or film forming compositions cured by mechanical wave energy, e.g. ultrasonics, cured by electromagnetic radiation or waves, e.g. ultraviolet radiation, electron beams, or cured by magnetic or electric fields, e.g. electric discharge, plasma
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- B44C3/02—Superimposing layers
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- B05D3/0486—Operating the coating or treatment in a controlled atmosphere
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- B41M3/008—Sequential or multiple printing, e.g. on previously printed background; Mirror printing; Recto-verso printing; using a combination of different printing techniques; Printing of patterns visible in reflection and by transparency; by superposing printed artifacts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0871—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having an ornamental or specially shaped visible surface
- E04F13/0873—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having an ornamental or specially shaped visible surface the visible surface imitating natural stone, brick work, tiled surface or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
- E04F15/107—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a decorative surface, in particular on a workpiece.
- This haptic is often applied synchronously with the underlying decorative image. This means that in a wood reproduction, e.g. a printed knothole is covered with a depression provided in the overlying embossed structure, whereas higher lying areas of the wood look do not receive an embossed depression.
- Such a structure is also referred to as a synchronous pore.
- This synchronous pore can take place both in an analogous way by means of an embossing die coordinated with a decorative image, which is produced in a press, for example in a cycle press or a continuous double belt press (cf. DE 103 16 695 B4 ) is hung up in the morning.
- the patent EP 3 109 056 B1 shows a method in which such a synchronous structure can be applied very flexibly in a lacquer layer after a digital template.
- different angles of incidence (20 °, 60 ° and 85 °) can be used to detect the reflectance, preferably measured at the angle of incidence of 60 °.
- the mean value of measurements can be compared to the three Incidence angles are used.
- the reflectance compares the light energy emitted and received by a gloss meter in percent at a certain angle of incidence.
- gloss All surfaces or sections of surfaces that achieve less than 20 gloss units by measurement when using a glossmeter are defined as "dull", and any surfaces or sections of surfaces that achieve more than 60 gloss units are considered “glossy”. designated.
- One of the two layers of paint can be dull and the other glossy.
- the change in the gloss level of an at least not completely solidified, in particular liquid, layer of a not yet polymerized plastic which by irradiation with a high energy, electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, is excited for polymerization known. Due to the polymerization only in the upper layer of this liquid layer, which e.g. was applied with a layer thickness of 50 microns (polymerization takes place, for example, only in a layer of less than 0.1 .mu.m, preferably less than 0.01 microns, instead), resulting from the polymerization of this thin layer, so to speak, a "skin" on the still liquid layer underneath. As a result, this skin has wrinkling in the micron range or in the nano range, which ultimately causes the matting of this surface, because it diffuses incident light increasingly into several spatial directions as compared to an untreated layer.
- the resulting surface is evenly matted and has the same degree of gloss or matte degree at all lower and higher locations.
- the previously applied by the known method structure depths of eg 10 to 50 microns height difference between the deeper pores and the higher areas optically no longer recognize.
- electromagnetic radiation with different wavelengths in different chronological order is used.
- a wavelength of less than 200 nm Preferably, first a wavelength of less than 200 nm, then a wavelength of less than 250 nm and finally a wavelength of less than 300 nm is used.
- the agent in particular by means of a digital print head or a digital nozzle bar, sprayed onto the liquid layer in the form of fine droplets and / or applied in the form of droplets.
- the agent is designed in its chemical and / or physical properties to absorb at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 50% of incident electromagnetic radiation.
- the fine droplets form in this application preferably at their order a uniform layer on the surface of the liquid layer, wherein they are particularly suitable for the larger-area application.
- the fine droplets in particular have a volume of from 0.1 pl to 1 pl, preferably from 0.3 pl to 0.8 pl, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 0.6 pl.
- the droplets in particular have a volume of from 1 pl to 80 pl, preferably from 3 pl to 12 pl, particularly preferably from 5 pl to 10 pl.
- the velocity of the droplets and / or the fine droplets is in particular between 0.5 m / s and 12 m / s, preferably between 3 m / s and 7 m / s, more preferably between 5 m / s and 6 m / s.
- the surface of a liquid layer on a workpiece prior to irradiating the still liquid lacquer layer with the high-energy electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of less than 200 nm, is sprayed with droplets of a liquid-form agent, which is designed to to at least partially absorb the high energy, electromagnetic radiation. It is thereby achieved that the polymerization in the surface of the underlying layer and droplets at the points where the surface was sprayed with the droplets does not polymerize or much less, and the degree of matting thereby differs differently, preferably less, than at the points the droplets sprayed surfaces.
- the droplets and / or the fine droplets are emitted in such a way that they at least partially penetrate and / or come to rest on the surface of the liquid layer and / or displace them and bring in depressions, the droplets in particular adjusted in volume and / or speed to influence the penetration depth and the displacement.
- the delivery of the fine droplets is preferably controlled so that their momentum when impinging on the surface of the liquid layer is insufficient to at least partially overcome the surface tension and / or the viscosity forces of the liquid layer, so that the fine droplets preferably on the surface of the liquid liquid layer come to rest.
- the dispensing of the droplets is preferably controlled so that their momentum upon impact with the surface of the liquid layer is sufficient to at least partially overcome the surface tension and / or the viscosity forces of the liquid layer so that the droplets displace the liquid layer, whereby in the liquid layer, a structure of 10 to 50 microns height difference can be introduced.
- the surface of the liquid layer By irradiating the surface of the liquid layer with the electromagnetic radiation, having a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm, preferably a microstructure or a nanostructure in the surface of the uppermost partial surface
- the liquid layer formed by micro-folding, which scatters the reflection of incident light and thus produces a visually duller impression.
- the microfilling of the uppermost partial surface of the liquid layer is caused by polymerization thereof, as described in the introduction.
- the liquid layer preferably consists of a polymerizable acrylate mixture. It also preferably has radiation-curing properties.
- the liquid layer may alternatively be formed as an aqueous or solvent-based coating system which can be dried, for example, by means of a jet dryer.
- the liquid layer consists of an acrylate varnish with 30% by weight of a bi-acrylate HDDA, 40% by weight of a bi-acrylate DPGDA, 10% by weight of a cross-linking agent TM PTA, 3% by weight of an industrially customary photoinitiator and 17 % By weight of other ingredients.
- the acrylate paint has a viscosity of 80-500 mPas, preferably 150-400mPas, measured at 25 ° C and atmospheric pressure with a rheometer.
- the applied agent preferably consists of a polymerizable acrylate mixture and / or of a solvent-containing liquid and / or of an aqueous mixture, in particular with a water content of more than 30%, preferably more than 50%.
- the curing of the layer by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength preferably greater than 250 nm, more preferably greater than 300 nm, and / or by irradiation with electron radiation and / or by active and / or passive drying.
- Active drying is understood below to mean any type of drying in which the liquid layer is dried by creating special conditions.
- the liquid layer can in particular by means of flow with a fluid, in particular with air, and / or by supplying heat, in particular by means of IR radiation or by using a heater to be dried.
- Passive drying is preferably characterized in that the liquid layer cures alone and without further processing. This can be done for example by transporting the workpiece on a free stretch of a belt transport, and / or by placing the workpiece.
- the curing by means of reaction curing by, for example, a two-component system which hardens by chemical reaction between the components within less than 30 minutes, preferably less than 5 minutes.
- the applied agent is preferably such that, in particular after irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, in particular less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm, within less than 3 minutes, is preferred within less than 1 minute, more preferably within less than half a minute.
- a further step in the execution of the method is provided, in which the evaporation of the agent within less than 3 minutes, preferably within less than 1 minute, more preferably within less than half a minute, is performed.
- Such an evaporation step may in particular be designed in such a way that the workpiece with the agent applied to the liquid layer is conveyed through a suitably arranged route section which has special evaporation conditions for the agent.
- the evaporation of the agent can be carried out in particular actively, wherein the agent is evaporated by creating special conditions.
- the agent can be evaporated in particular by means of flow with a fluid, in particular with air, and / or by supplying heat, in particular by means of IR radiation or by using a heater.
- the agent can evaporate alone and without further processing. This can be done for example by transporting the workpiece on a free stretch of tape transport, and / or by storing the workpiece, wherein the further processing takes place after the evaporation.
- the agent enters into contact with the surface of the liquid layer upon contact with the surface of the liquid layer with a chemical reaction such that an optical and / or haptic change of the surface takes place at the locations.
- the polymer formation changes, for example, the reflection property of the surface of the liquid layer and / or its roughness.
- a chemical reaction step is provided, which is designed so that the chemical reaction between the agent and layer is given sufficient time that this chemical reaction proceeds at least partially.
- Such a chemical reaction step may in particular be designed in such a way that the workpiece with the agent applied to the liquid layer is conveyed through a suitably arranged route section which has special reaction conditions for the agent and the liquid layer.
- the chemical reaction is such that upon impact or in further contact between the agent and the liquid layer, a reaction product is formed, which has an absorption property against electromagnetic radiation.
- the applied agent further receives, upon impact with the layer, a chemical reaction such that the reaction product at that point is irradiated by electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 200 nm, no or less microstructure formation than on the areas where no agent was applied to the surface.
- a further step is further provided in which the liquid layer is applied to a surface of the workpiece.
- the application can also be effected by means of a spray head, which applies the liquid layer to the surface of the workpiece by means of nozzles.
- a further step, which is carried out at the same time, in particular for the application of the agent, is preferably part of the process in which the liquid layer is structured by means of an analog or digital structuring method, whereby in particular a structure of the liquid layer having a height difference of 10 to 50 ⁇ m is achieved.
- a further step is further provided, in which the liquid layer is structured by means of an analogous structuring method, in particular with an embossing roller or embossing plate, and / or by means of analog or digital application, in particular by means of a digital printhead, is displaced by structuring droplets, wherein the structuring depressions are introduced into the layer.
- an analogous structuring method in particular with an embossing roller or embossing plate
- analog or digital application in particular by means of a digital printhead
- the structuring droplets in particular have a volume of from 1 pl to 80 pl, preferably from 3 pl to 12 pl, particularly preferably from 5 pl to 10 pl.
- the speed of the structuring droplets is in particular between 1 m / s and 12 m / s, preferably between 3 m / s and 7 m / s, more preferably between 5 m / s and 6 m / s.
- the structuring droplets preferably consist of the same material as the liquid layer, so that their impact on the liquid layer merely results in a physical displacement for structuring the liquid layer.
- structuring droplets which differ in their composition, in particular in their density, from the liquid layer.
- these structuring droplets it is conceivable to form these structuring droplets in such a way that they react chemically with the surface of the liquid layer in order to achieve an optical and / or haptic change of this surface.
- the structuring of the liquid layer is carried out such that this structure is formed as synchronously as possible (i.e., with a maximum deviation of 2 mm, preferably 1 mm) to a decorative image applied to the workpiece under the liquid layer.
- a wood grain is depicted on the workpiece, the patterning also reproduces a wood grain that corresponds to the grain of the decorative image.
- the layer is then preferably at least partially transparent at the latest after curing, so that the decorative image is correspondingly visible.
- a further step may be provided in which, for example, by means of digital printing, a decorative image is applied to the workpiece.
- a decorative image can also be applied to a structured layer which has been at least partially cured, or which has a surface solidified by polymerization.
- This decor image can be designed in one or more colors.
- the device has a curing station, which may be designed differently in order to realize a curing of the at least partially liquid layer.
- a radiation source which is designed to irradiate the liquid layer and / or the applied agent with electromagnetic radiation of variable wavelength, in particular with IR radiation, at least until its partial hardening.
- the radiation source is preferably formed separately and / or identical to the radiation source which emits the electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm.
- the radiation source can emit electron radiation of variable wavelength.
- the curing station preferably has a fluid source, which is designed to flow around the layer, in particular with air, wherein the fluid can be influenced in particular in the parameters flow velocity and / or temperature and / or humidity.
- the curing station preferably has an electron beam source, which is designed to irradiate the liquid layer and / or the applied means with electron radiation at least until their partial hardening.
- the curing station preferably has a drying station which is adapted to receive the workpiece until at least partial curing of the layer and in particular to provide by means of a heating source a predetermined drying temperature to which the workpiece can be exposed with the layer.
- the device further comprises a control means, which is designed to control the device according to the method steps.
- a control means which is designed to control the device according to the method steps.
- This may be, for example, an electronically controlled control unit, in particular a control unit, which is designed to transmit electronic control signals to the further elements of the device and preferably to receive signals of the further elements of the device.
- feedback on the currently dispensed droplet quantity or its speed and other information relating to the method can be transmitted to the control means, whereby it receives information on the current implementation of the method and can provide correspondingly adapted control signals.
- the apparatus further comprises a reaction region which is designed to allow evaporation and / or a chemical reaction, wherein the reaction region is in particular formed as a region through which the transport device transports the workpiece, and its expansion and the transport speed to each other are tuned that an evaporation and / or a reaction are at least partially possible.
- the reaction region can hold a chamber through which the workpiece, which may also be web-shaped, is transported.
- the apparatus further comprises a protective gas chamber, which is designed to surround the workpiece and / or the layer and / or the means at least over a partial section during transport with a protective gas, in particular an inert gas, preferably nitrogen.
- a protective gas in particular an inert gas, preferably nitrogen.
- the apparatus further comprises an application device which is adapted to apply the liquid layer to the workpiece.
- this application device has in particular a rolling mill which is designed to coat the workpiece with a liquid layer.
- a spray head can also be provided which applies the liquid layer to the surface of the workpiece by means of nozzles.
- the device further comprises a structuring element, which is designed to introduce a structure into the liquid layer.
- a structuring element which is designed to introduce a structure into the liquid layer.
- This may preferably be an analog embossing roller or a embossing plate, whereupon a structure is provided by means of elevations, which can be transferred by pressing them into the liquid layer on this.
- the structuring element has at least one digital print head, which is designed to apply patterning droplets to the liquid layer.
- the digital print head is preferably capable of impulse and / or volume and / or speed of structuring droplets such so that the structuring droplets achieve a structuring effect by their impact on the liquid layer, in particular by displacing the liquid layer.
- the apparatus further comprises an application device for applying a decorative image, with at least one digital print head which is adapted to apply paint to the surface of the layer and / or the workpiece.
- an application device for applying a decorative image with at least one digital print head which is adapted to apply paint to the surface of the layer and / or the workpiece.
- the transport device has a conveyor belt, wherein the above-described elements of the device are arranged successively in the main transport direction.
- an execution order of the method steps can be specified in particular via the order of arrangement.
- the dispenser has at least one digital digital printhead configured to deliver the agent.
- the digital printhead is preferably configured to selectively dispense the agent onto the surface of the liquid layer in the form of fine droplets or droplets.
- it is further adapted to meter in particular volume, speed and / or momentum of the fine pots and / or droplets according to a specification, for example from the control means.
- the reaction region has special boundary conditions which are necessary for triggering evaporation and / or a chemical reaction.
- the reaction area extends at least over part of the protective gas chamber.
- the reaction proceeds at least partially under protective gas, so that the influence of undesired chemical constituents, in particular the ambient air, is minimized.
- the device elements described herein are not intended to be limiting to the subject matter of the device of the invention. Rather, other devices can be obtained by swapping, duplicating or omitting individual elements. For example, even after the first coating and matting with a liquid layer, a further coating can take place with a liquid layer which is likewise matted in order to achieve special optical effects.
- FIG. 1 is a workpiece 1, represented with a liquid layer 2 applied thereon, and an agent which has been sprayed onto the layer 2 in the form of droplets 3 from digital printheads 4 arranged above it.
- the workpiece 1 is thereby moved in a transport direction under the print heads 4 from right to left, so that the print heads 4 can apply the droplets 3 in different places on the liquid layer 2.
- the means is designed to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation.
- parts of the surface of the liquid layer 2 which are covered with the agent can be at least partially shielded from the direct influence of electromagnetic radiation.
- the droplets 3 have produced recesses when they strike the liquid layer 2, the viscosity of the liquid layer 2 being such that these recesses do not immediately re-form.
- a structuring of the liquid layer 2 which is at least over a certain period of less than 5 minutes, preferably less than 3 minutes, can be achieved, which can be permanently solidified by final curing.
- FIG. 2 is this workpiece 1 with the liquid layer 2 in a protective gas chamber 24, which has a predominantly nitrogen atmosphere in the interior 5, to keep oxygen atoms or oxygen molecules from the surface of the layer 2, to prevent undesirable chemical reactions with oxygen in the air.
- a protective gas chamber 24 which has a predominantly nitrogen atmosphere in the interior 5, to keep oxygen atoms or oxygen molecules from the surface of the layer 2, to prevent undesirable chemical reactions with oxygen in the air.
- the surface of the layer 2 has a structure defined by the droplets 3, as in FIG FIG. 1 represented was generated.
- the droplets 3 are still in the wells.
- a radiation source 6 for electromagnetic radiation 6a is provided, under which the workpiece 1 is moved through with the liquid layer 2 structured by the depressions.
- the radiation source 6 is designed such that it emits the electromagnetic radiation 6 a onto the surface of the liquid layer 2.
- the electromagnetic radiation 6a for example, has a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm.
- inert gas atmosphere may also be formed in the interior 5 of the protective gas chamber 24, which is suitable in particular for keeping oxygen atoms and / or molecules away from the surface of the layer 2.
- the protective gas chamber 24 may be formed as a closed space, or as a region through which a workpiece 1 is moved therethrough. This is particularly advantageous for web-shaped workpieces 1,
- FIG. 3 shows the liquid layer 2 on the workpiece 1 after irradiation with electromagnetic radiation 6a from the radiation source 6.
- the surface of the liquid layer 2 is polymerized at different points more or less strongly.
- the electromagnetic radiation 6a could hit the surface of the layer 2 unhindered, whereby here a stronger polymerization has taken place.
- the surface has become rougher at this point, at least in the micro or nano range, since the molecules of the liquid layer 2 near the surface have more strongly crosslinked due to the electromagnetic radiation 6a. Therefore, light falling on these points 7 is now reflected in several directions, ie diffusely, whereby a higher degree of matting of these points 7 is achieved.
- the electromagnetic radiation 6a could not directly reach the spots 8 of the surface of the liquid layer 2, since these, as in FIGS Figures 1 and 2 represented, were covered with the agent in the form of droplets 3.
- the agent is no longer present on the surface of the liquid layer 2, since it is evaporated, for example.
- the agent has at least partially absorbed the electromagnetic radiation at the lower points 8, so that a polymerization of the surface of the liquid layer 2 could not take place here to the same extent as at the points 7.
- the lower points 8 are less rough , at least in the micro or nano range, whereby a reflection of incident light is less scattered. The points 8 are therefore more brilliant compared to the points 7.
- FIG. 4 shows in the lower part of a section, which is marked in the upper representation by the two vertical dashed lines, from the layer 2 on the workpiece 1 and the sprayed thereon agent in the form of droplets 3, which the electromagnetic radiation 6a at the points of At least partially absorb droplets 3.
- the electromagnetic radiation 6a can hit the surface of the liquid layer 2 unhindered. This is illustrated by the length of the arrows of the electromagnetic radiation 6a, which describe the intensity with which the surface of the liquid layer 2 is irradiated.
- the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation 6a at the surface of the liquid layer 2 at locations covered with droplets 3 is significantly lower, as can be seen on the comparatively short arrows of the electromagnetic radiation 6a below the droplets 3.
- FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment in which the agent was applied only to the surface of the liquid layer, without changing their structure.
- the agent is here applied in the form of fine droplets 3a, which have been applied to the liquid layer in such a way that they do not sink into the surface of the liquid layer 2 or even displace it and introduce recesses. This can be achieved, for example, by adjusting the fine droplets 3a in their volume and / or in their impact velocity such that the surface of the liquid layer is not changed by them.
- a pulse of the fine droplets 3a can be set so that it is not sufficient to break the surface tension of the liquid layer 2, whereby the fine droplets 3a do not sink into the liquid layer 2 and / or that it is insufficient to overcome the viscosity forces of the liquid layer 2, whereby no depressions are introduced into the liquid layer 2 due to the fine droplets 3a.
- the fine droplets 3a are sized to form a fine haze on the surface of the liquid layer, at least on portions thereof.
- FIG. 6 shows an alternative workpiece 1 as a web, which is unwound from a roll 9 and also coated with a liquid layer 2. The workpiece 1 thereby moves continuously to the right, where further processing steps (not shown) described above follow.
- the liquid layer 2 is applied in this embodiment after rolling from the roll 9 by means of a rolling mill 10.
- the matting method can thus be applied not only to individual flat workpieces, such as plates, for example made of wood, plastic or metal, but also to web-shaped workpieces 1,
- FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- a first processing step the application S20 of a liquid layer to the surface of a workpiece. This can be done, for example, in the FIG. 6 done manner shown.
- the structuring of the liquid layer can be effected, for example, by an analogous structuring method, in particular by mechanically embossing the surface of the liquid layer, for example by unrolling an embossing roller on the surface of the liquid layer.
- the structuring of the liquid layer can also take place digitally, with droplets being applied to the surface of the liquid layer, for example with digital printheads, which penetrate into and / or displace them.
- the droplets are advantageously made of the same material as the liquid layer in order to achieve only a structuring effect.
- the droplets may consist of a different material than the liquid layer, whereby, for example, a chemical reaction between liquid layer and droplets, in particular by a subsequent irradiation with electromagnetic radiation and / or electron radiation and / or temperature increase can be achieved.
- the chemical reaction is designed so that their reaction product has a structuring effect on the surface of the liquid layer, whereby it is optically and / or haptically changed.
- the structuring of the surface results in the structure being synchronous with the image visible through the liquid layer.
- the workpiece prepared in this way is subsequently fed to a digital printing station, for example via a continuous belt transport (S10).
- a digital printing station for example via a continuous belt transport (S10).
- the digital printing station makes it possible to apply a means, which is designed to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation, to the surface of the liquid layer.
- the application of S12 of the agent can take place in the form of droplets, which are tuned, for example, in speed and volume so that they can overcome the surface tension and / or the viscosity forces of the liquid layer in order to structure them.
- the application of S12 of the agent can take place in the form of fine droplets, which are dimensioned so that they do not change the surface of the liquid layer, but only cover them at least on partial surfaces.
- irradiation S14 of the surface of the liquid layer with high-energy electromagnetic radiation as in FIG Figures 2 . 4 and 5 wherein portions of the liquid layer covered with the agent undergo a reduced intensity radiation effect as compared to portions not covered with the agent and instead exposed directly to the radiation.
- the irradiation S14 of the surface of the liquid layer leads to its polymerization to a certain penetration depth, for example 0.1 .mu.m, preferably less than 0.01 .mu.m, wherein these, as in FIG. 3 shown at the points that were directly exposed to the radiation, has been made stronger. These sites are thus more dull than the sites which were covered with the agent after completion of the irradiation S14.
- the applied agent is evaporated in a further step S18.
- This can be done, for example, solely by heating the means with an IR lamp, for example, wherein the means advantageously has a lower evaporation temperature than the liquid layer.
- the agent has the property that it evaporates after a certain time
- the vaporization S18 can also merely consist in waiting until the agent has volatilized. This can be done, for example, by conveying the workpiece on a belt conveyor before carrying out the next method step, this belt conveyor being designed in its length, transport speed and ambient temperature so as to permit evaporation S18 during transport.
- the workpiece in particular the liquid layer, can be irradiated again with electromagnetic radiation originating from the same radiation source as used in step S14.
- other sources of radiation may be provided, or other types of curing, such as active or passive air drying, or irradiation with electron radiation done.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic structure of a preferred embodiment of a device 18 according to the invention.
- the workpiece 1 is transported in the transport direction in the transport direction 28 in a protective gas chamber 24.
- This has a protective gas atmosphere, in particular an inert gas atmosphere, for example a nitrogen atmosphere, in its interior 5, whereby in particular oxygen can be kept away from the liquid layer 2, whereby unwanted chemical reactions are avoided.
- a protective gas atmosphere in particular an inert gas atmosphere, for example a nitrogen atmosphere, in its interior 5, whereby in particular oxygen can be kept away from the liquid layer 2, whereby unwanted chemical reactions are avoided.
- digital printheads 4 are provided, which are adapted to a means which is adapted to absorb electromagnetic radiation at least partially, applied to the liquid layer 2. This is done in the illustration shown by means of application of droplets 3, wherein the digital printheads 4 are adapted to control the droplet delivery, in particular with respect to droplet velocity, volume and pulse.
- the application of the agent from the digital printheads 4 can also take place in the form of fine droplets 3a, which are distributed as evenly as possible on the surface of the liquid layer 2 and in particular join together to form partial surfaces.
- the digital printheads 4 are followed by a radiation source 6, which is designed to emit electromagnetic radiation 6a having a wavelength of in particular less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm, onto the surface of the liquid layer 2 to achieve the matting described above.
- a radiation source 6 which is designed to emit electromagnetic radiation 6a having a wavelength of in particular less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm, onto the surface of the liquid layer 2 to achieve the matting described above.
- control means (not shown) is provided, which is designed to control the device 18 and its elements in order to carry out the method according to the invention.
- An HDF plate is coated with a white printing substrate.
- the thus coated plate is fed to a digital printer (in an alternative embodiment also a rotary printing machine with several colors) and decoratively printed with a wood decor, for example.
- an intermediate layer of lacquer or primer ideally transparent, can also be applied to this decorative layer printed in this way.
- a liquid layer 2 is applied with a layer thickness of 50-80 microns.
- This layer can be applied in a roll coater or in an alternative embodiment also in a spraying machine.
- the layer consists of a UV-curing acrylate mixture.
- the thus coated HDF plate is fed to another printing station in which droplets 3 are sprayed onto parts of the surface from digital printheads. These droplets consist in the embodiment shown here of an aqueous mixture, including in particular the following components
- the droplets can also consist of a solvent-based or an acrylate-based liquid.
- the droplets change at the places where you hit the surface of the still liquid layer in such a way that it can be reached by high speed of 4-6 m / sec. displace the still liquid layer 2.
- the workpiece with the thus changed liquid layer 2 is supplied to a radiation source 6 which emits electromagnetic radiation 6a having a wavelength of ⁇ 250 nm onto the surface.
- This electromagnetic radiation is at least partially absorbed by the droplets 3 and strikes the underlying layer 2.
- This layer 2 begins to polymerize in its surface and thereby to fold (see reference numeral 7) Fig. 3 , In the deeper places, in which the droplets 3 have at least partially absorbed the electromagnetic radiation, there is less polymerization and thus less folding at the points 8 in FIG Fig. 3 ,
- the workpiece is fed to another UV radiation source with a wavelength> 300 nm in order to fully cure the underlying, still liquid layer 2, in particular acrylate layer.
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Abstract
Es wird ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer dekorativen Oberfläche auf einem Werkstück (1) mit folgenden Schritten offenbart:
- Zuführen (S10) des Werkstückes (1), das mit einer flüssigen Schicht (2) beschichtet ist, zu einer digitalen Druckstation;
-Aufbringen (S12) eines Mittels, das dazu ausgebildet ist, elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise zu absorbieren, zumindest auf eine Teilfläche der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht (2), oder welches in Kontakt mit der Oberfläche ein Reaktionsprodukt entstehen lässt, das derart beschaffen ist, dass es elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise zu absorbieren vermag;
- Bestrahlen (S14) der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht (2) und des Mittels mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 300 nm, bevorzugt weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 200 nm.A method is disclosed for producing a decorative surface on a workpiece (1) with the following steps:
- feeding (S10) the workpiece (1) coated with a liquid layer (2) to a digital printing station;
Applying (S12) a means, which is designed to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation, at least on a partial surface of the surface of the liquid layer (2), or which, in contact with the surface, gives rise to a reaction product which is such that it can at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation;
- Irradiating (S14) the surface of the liquid layer (2) and the means with electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 200 nm.
Ferner wird eine Vorrichtung (18) zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens offenbart. Furthermore, a device (18) for carrying out this method is disclosed.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer dekorativen Oberfläche, insbesondere auf einem Werkstück.The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a decorative surface, in particular on a workpiece.
Es ist das Ziel aller dekorativen Oberflächen bzw. dekorativ beschichteter Oberflächen, möglichst naturgetreu auszusehen. Um dies zu erreichen, werden beispielsweise Spanplatten, MDF-Platten, HDF-Platten, Kunststoffplatten oder auch Außenfassaden, z.B. Metallbleche oder Kunststoff-Sandwich-Aufbauten und ähnliche Platten mit einer Nachbildung eines natürlichen Werkstoffen, z.B. Holz, Stein, wird nach dem Stand der Technik anschließend die Oberfläche mit einer dreidimensional geprägten Struktur (Haptik) versehen.It is the goal of all decorative surfaces or decorative coated surfaces to look as natural as possible. In order to achieve this, chipboards, MDF boards, HDF boards, plastic boards or external facades, e.g. Metal sheets or plastic sandwich constructions and similar sheets with a replica of a natural material, e.g. Wood, stone, then the surface is provided with a three-dimensional embossed structure (haptics) according to the prior art.
Diese Haptik wird häufig synchron zu dem darunterliegenden Dekorbild aufgebracht. Dies bedeutet, dass bei einer Holznachbildung, z.B. ein gedrucktes Astloch mit einer in der darüber liegenden, geprägten Struktur versehenen Vertiefung abgedeckt wird, während höherliegende Bereiche aus der Holzoptik keine geprägte Vertiefung erhalten.This haptic is often applied synchronously with the underlying decorative image. This means that in a wood reproduction, e.g. a printed knothole is covered with a depression provided in the overlying embossed structure, whereas higher lying areas of the wood look do not receive an embossed depression.
Eine solche Struktur wird auch als Synchronpore bezeichnet. Diese Synchronpore kann sowohl auf analogem Wege durch eine auf ein dekoratives Bild abgestimmte Prägematrize erfolgen, welche in einer Presse, z.B. in einer Taktpresse oder einer kontinuierlichen Doppelbandpresse (vgl.
Die Patentschrift
Bei all diesen Verfahren ist es sehr erwünscht, sowohl das dekorative und gedruckte Bild als auch die Struktur (Haptik) nicht nur fühlen zu können, sondern auch optisch zu erkennen. Dies bedeutet, dass bei der dreidimensionalen Strukturierung gerne ein Glanzgradunterschied zwischen den tieferliegenden Bereichen (Poren) und den höherliegenden Bereichen erzielt werden soll. Dabei wird der Glanzgrad hier im Folgenden entsprechend der Methode nach DIN EN ISO 2813:2015-02 bestimmt. Für die Glanzmessung wird eine Lichtmenge gemessen, die eine Oberfläche im Verhältnis zu einem Referenzstandard aus poliertem Glas reflektiert. Die dabei verwendete Maßeinheit ist GU (Gloss Units bzw. Glanzeinheiten). Die an der Oberfläche reflektierte Lichtmenge ist abhängig vom Einfallswinkel und den Eigenschaften der Oberfläche. Bei der Glanzmessung können unterschiedliche Einfallswinkel (20°, 60° und 85°) verwendet werden, um den Reflexionsgrad zu erfassen, wobei vorzugsweise mit dem Einfallswinkel von 60° gemessen wird. Alternativ kann auch der Mittelwert von Messungen zu den drei Einfallswinkeln verwendet werden. Der Reflexionsgrad vergleicht die von einem Glanzmessgerät abgestrahlte und empfangene Lichtenergie in Prozent bei einem bestimmten Einfallswinkel.In all these methods, it is highly desirable not only to be able to feel the decorative and printed image as well as the structure (feel), but also to recognize it visually. This means that in the three-dimensional structuring a gloss level difference between the deeper areas (pores) and the higher lying areas is to be achieved. Here, the degree of gloss is determined below in accordance with the method according to DIN EN ISO 2813: 2015-02. For the gloss measurement, a quantity of light is measured which reflects a surface in relation to a reference standard of polished glass. The unit of measure used is GU (Gloss Units). The amount of light reflected on the surface depends on the angle of incidence and the properties of the surface. In the gloss measurement, different angles of incidence (20 °, 60 ° and 85 °) can be used to detect the reflectance, preferably measured at the angle of incidence of 60 °. Alternatively, the mean value of measurements can be compared to the three Incidence angles are used. The reflectance compares the light energy emitted and received by a gloss meter in percent at a certain angle of incidence.
Alle Oberflächen oder Abschnitte von Oberflächen, die nach der Norm bei der Messung mit einem Glanzgradmessgerät weniger als 20 Glanzeinheiten erzielen, werden als "matt" definiert, und alle Oberflächen oder Abschnitte von Oberflächen, die mehr als 60 Glanzeinheiten erzielen, werden als "glänzend" bezeichnet. Eine der beiden Lackschichten kann matt und die andere glänzend ausgebildet sein.All surfaces or sections of surfaces that achieve less than 20 gloss units by measurement when using a glossmeter are defined as "dull", and any surfaces or sections of surfaces that achieve more than 60 gloss units are considered "glossy". designated. One of the two layers of paint can be dull and the other glossy.
Um mit dem digitalen Verfahren einen solchen Unterschied in den Glanzpunkten von den glänzenden Stellen zu den weniger glänzenden Stellen von z.B. 20 Glanzpunkten Differenz, bevorzugt weniger als 10 Glanzpunkte Unterschied, zu erzielen, ist bekannt, mit unterschiedlichen digital aufgetragenen Lacken und dadurch erzeugten unterschiedlichen Glanzgraden zu arbeiten. Dieses Verfahren ist jedoch sehr aufwendig, da verschiedene Lacke verwendet werden müssen.With the digital method, such a difference in the highlights from the shiny spots to the less shiny spots of e.g. 20 points difference, preferably less than 10 points difference to achieve, it is known to work with different digitally applied paints and thus generated different degrees of gloss. However, this method is very expensive, since different paints must be used.
Weiterhin ist aus dem Stand der Technik die Veränderung des Glanzgrades einer zumindest nicht vollständig erstarrten, insbesondere flüssigen, Schicht aus einem noch nicht polymerisierten Kunststoff, welche durch die Bestrahlung mit einer hochenergetischen, elektromagnetischen Strahlung mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 300 nm, bevorzugt weniger als 250 nm, zur Polymerisation angeregt wird, bekannt. Aufgrund der Polymerisation nur in der oberen Schicht dieser flüssigen Schicht, welche z.B. mit einer Schichtstärke von 50 µm aufgetragen wurde (Polymerisation findet beispielsweise nur in einer Schicht von weniger als 0,1 µm, bevorzugt weniger als 0,01 µm, statt), ergibt sich durch die Polymerisation dieser dünnen Schicht, quasi eine "Haut" auf der noch flüssigen Schicht darunter. Diese Haut weist im Ergebnis eine Faltenbildung im Mikrobereich bzw. im Nanobereich auf, welche letztendlich die Mattierung dieser Oberfläche bedingt, da sie, verglichen mit einer unbehandelten Schicht, einfallendes Licht vermehrt in mehrere Raumrichtungen streut.Furthermore, from the prior art, the change in the gloss level of an at least not completely solidified, in particular liquid, layer of a not yet polymerized plastic, which by irradiation with a high energy, electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, is excited for polymerization known. Due to the polymerization only in the upper layer of this liquid layer, which e.g. was applied with a layer thickness of 50 microns (polymerization takes place, for example, only in a layer of less than 0.1 .mu.m, preferably less than 0.01 microns, instead), resulting from the polymerization of this thin layer, so to speak, a "skin" on the still liquid layer underneath. As a result, this skin has wrinkling in the micron range or in the nano range, which ultimately causes the matting of this surface, because it diffuses incident light increasingly into several spatial directions as compared to an untreated layer.
Dieses Verfahren ist beispielsweise aus dem Produktbereich der "Innovative Oberflächentechnologien GmbH" bekannt.This process is known, for example, from the product area of "Innovative Oberflächentechnologien GmbH".
Bei diesem Mattierungsverfahren ist allerdings die entstehende Oberfläche gleichmäßig mattiert und hat an allen tiefergelegenen und höhergelegenen Stellen den gleichen Glanzgrad bzw. Mattheitsgrad. Gerade bei Holznachbildungen mit einem sehr niedrigen Glanzgrad (sehr tief matt) von z.B. weniger als 5, bevorzugt weniger als 3 Glanzpunkten, lassen sich die zuvor durch die bekannten Verfahren aufgebrachten Strukturtiefen von z.B. 10 bis 50 µm Höhenunterschied zwischen den tieferen Poren und den höherstehenden Bereichen optisch nicht mehr erkennen.In this matting process, however, the resulting surface is evenly matted and has the same degree of gloss or matte degree at all lower and higher locations. Especially in wood replicas with a very low degree of gloss (very deep matt) of eg less than 5, preferably less than 3 highlights, the previously applied by the known method structure depths of eg 10 to 50 microns height difference between the deeper pores and the higher areas optically no longer recognize.
Es ist daher das Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung aufzuzeigen, mit der sehr flexibel eine dekorative Oberfläche erzeugt werden kann, ohne die Nachteile der notwendigen verschiedenen Lacke zu beinhalten.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a method and a device with which a very flexible decorative surface can be produced, without involving the disadvantages of the necessary different paints.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is solved by the independent claims. Advantageous developments are the subject of the dependent claims.
Um diese Glanzunterschiede erzeugen zu können und gleichzeitig die Beeinflussung des Glanzgrades mittels der oben beschriebenen Mikrofaltung durch die hochenergetische, elektromagnetische Strahlung mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 200 nm zu erzielen, schlägt das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren folgende Vorgehensweise vor:
- Erfindungsgemäß ist ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer dekorativen Oberfläche auf einem Werkstück mit folgenden Schritten vorgesehen:
- Zuführen des Werkstückes, das mit einer flüssigen Schicht beschichtet ist, zu einer digitalen Druckstation;
- Aufbringen eines Mittels, das dazu ausgebildet ist, elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise zu absorbieren, zumindest auf eine Teilfläche der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht, oder welches in Kontakt mit der Oberfläche ein Reaktionsprodukt entstehen lässt, das derart beschaffen ist, dass es elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise zu absorbieren vermag;
- Bestrahlen der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht und des Mittels mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 300 nm, bevorzugt weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 200 nm;
- According to the invention, a method for producing a decorative surface on a workpiece is provided with the following steps:
- Feeding the workpiece, coated with a liquid layer, to a digital printing station;
- Applying a means which is adapted to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation, at least on a partial surface of the surface of the liquid layer, or which leaves in contact with the surface a reaction product which is such that it at least partially to electromagnetic radiation can absorb;
- Irradiating the surface of the liquid layer and the means with electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 200 nm;
Um das Verfahren flexibel zu gestalten, wird dabei vorzugsweise elektromagnetische Strahlung mit unterschiedlichen Wellenlängen in unterschiedlicher zeitlicher Abfolge verwendet. Vorzugsweise wird zunächst eine Wellenlänge von kleiner 200 nm, anschließend eine Wellenlänge von kleiner 250 nm und zuletzt eine Wellenlänge von kleiner 300 nm verwendet.In order to design the method flexibly, preferably electromagnetic radiation with different wavelengths in different chronological order is used. Preferably, first a wavelength of less than 200 nm, then a wavelength of less than 250 nm and finally a wavelength of less than 300 nm is used.
Vorzugsweise wird das Mittel, insbesondere mittels eines Digitaldruckkopfes oder eines Digital-Düsenbalkens, auf die flüssige Schicht in Form von feinen Tröpfchen aufgesprüht und/oder in Form von Tröpfchen aufgebracht.Preferably, the agent, in particular by means of a digital print head or a digital nozzle bar, sprayed onto the liquid layer in the form of fine droplets and / or applied in the form of droplets.
Vorzugsweise ist das Mittel in seinen chemischen und/oder physikalischen Eigenschaften dazu ausgebildet ist, um mindestens 10%, vorzugsweise mindestens 30%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 50% einfallender elektromagnetischer Strahlung zu absorbieren.Preferably, the agent is designed in its chemical and / or physical properties to absorb at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 50% of incident electromagnetic radiation.
Je höher die Absorptionseigenschaft des Mittels ist, desto weniger muss davon auf die flüssige Schicht aufgetragen werden, um denselben Absorptionseffekt zu erzielen. Eine gute Absorptionseigenschaft ermöglicht somit einen wirtschaftlichen Betrieb des Verfahrens.The higher the absorption property of the agent, the less it must be applied to the liquid layer to achieve the same absorption effect. A good absorption property thus enables economical operation of the process.
Die feinen Tröpfchen bilden in dieser Anmeldung vorzugsweise bei ihrem Auftrag eine gleichmäßige Schicht auf der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht, wobei sie insbesondere für den großflächigeren Auftrag geeignet sind.The fine droplets form in this application preferably at their order a uniform layer on the surface of the liquid layer, wherein they are particularly suitable for the larger-area application.
Die feinen Tröpfchen weisen dabei insbesondere ein Volumen von 0,1 pl bis 1 pl, vorzugsweise von 0,3 pl bis 0,8 pl, besonders bevorzugt von 0,5 bis 0,6 pl auf.The fine droplets in particular have a volume of from 0.1 pl to 1 pl, preferably from 0.3 pl to 0.8 pl, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 0.6 pl.
Die Tröpfchen weisen dabei insbesondere ein Volumen von 1 pl bis 80 pl, vorzugsweise von 3 pl bis 12 pl, besonders bevorzugt von 5 pl bis 10 pl auf.The droplets in particular have a volume of from 1 pl to 80 pl, preferably from 3 pl to 12 pl, particularly preferably from 5 pl to 10 pl.
Die Geschwindigkeit der Tröpfchen und/oder der feinen Tröpfchen beträgt insbesondere zwischen 0,5 m/s und 12 m/s, vorzugsweise zwischen 3 m/s und 7 m/s, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 5 m/s und 6 m/s.The velocity of the droplets and / or the fine droplets is in particular between 0.5 m / s and 12 m / s, preferably between 3 m / s and 7 m / s, more preferably between 5 m / s and 6 m / s.
In einer Ausführungsform wird somit die Oberfläche einer flüssigen Schicht auf einem Werkstück, vor dem Bestrahlen der noch flüssigen Lackschicht mit der hochenergetischen, elektromagnetischen Strahlung mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 200 nm mit Tröpfchen eines Mittels in Form einer Flüssigkeit besprüht, welche dazu ausgebildet ist, die hochenergetische, elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise zu absorbieren. Dadurch wird erzielt, dass die Polymerisation in der Oberfläche der darunterliegenden Schicht und Tröpfchen an den Stellen, an denen die Oberfläche mit den Tröpfchen besprüht wurde, nicht oder sehr viel weniger polymerisiert und der Mattheitsgrad dadurch anders, vorzugsweise geringer, ausfällt als an den nicht durch die Tröpfchen besprühten Oberflächen.Thus, in one embodiment, the surface of a liquid layer on a workpiece, prior to irradiating the still liquid lacquer layer with the high-energy electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of less than 200 nm, is sprayed with droplets of a liquid-form agent, which is designed to to at least partially absorb the high energy, electromagnetic radiation. It is thereby achieved that the polymerization in the surface of the underlying layer and droplets at the points where the surface was sprayed with the droplets does not polymerize or much less, and the degree of matting thereby differs differently, preferably less, than at the points the droplets sprayed surfaces.
Vorzugsweise werden die Tröpfchen und/oder die feinen Tröpfchen derart abgegeben, dass sie beim Auftreffen auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht in diese zumindest teilweise eindringen, und/oder auf dieser zum Liegen kommen und/oder diese verdrängen und Vertiefungen einbringen, wobei die Tröpfchen insbesondere in Volumen und/oder Geschwindigkeit angepasst werden, um die Eindringtiefe und die Verdrängung zu beeinflussen.Preferably, the droplets and / or the fine droplets are emitted in such a way that they at least partially penetrate and / or come to rest on the surface of the liquid layer and / or displace them and bring in depressions, the droplets in particular adjusted in volume and / or speed to influence the penetration depth and the displacement.
Die Abgabe der feinen Tröpfchen wird vorzugsweise derart gesteuert, dass ihr Impuls beim Auftreffen auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht nicht ausreicht, um die Oberflächenspannung und/oder die Viskositätskräfte der flüssigen Schicht zumindest teilweise zu überwinden, so dass die feinen Tröpfchen vorzugsweise auf der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht zum Liegen kommen.The delivery of the fine droplets is preferably controlled so that their momentum when impinging on the surface of the liquid layer is insufficient to at least partially overcome the surface tension and / or the viscosity forces of the liquid layer, so that the fine droplets preferably on the surface of the liquid liquid layer come to rest.
Die Abgabe der Tröpfchen wird vorzugsweise derart gesteuert, dass ihr Impuls beim Auftreffen auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht ausreicht, um die Oberflächenspannung und/oder die Viskositätskräfte der flüssigen Schicht zumindest teilweise zu überwinden, so dass durch die Tröpfchen eine Verdrängung der flüssigen Schicht erfolgt, wodurch in der flüssigen Schicht eine Struktur von 10 bis 50 µm Höhenunterschied eingebracht werden kann.The dispensing of the droplets is preferably controlled so that their momentum upon impact with the surface of the liquid layer is sufficient to at least partially overcome the surface tension and / or the viscosity forces of the liquid layer so that the droplets displace the liquid layer, whereby in the liquid layer, a structure of 10 to 50 microns height difference can be introduced.
Durch das Bestrahlen der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht mit der elektromagnetischen Strahlung, mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 300 nm, bevorzugt weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 200 nm, wird vorzugsweise eine Mikrostruktur bzw. eine Nanostruktur in der Oberfläche der obersten Teilfläche der flüssigen Schicht durch Mikrofaltung ausgebildet, welche die Reflexion einfallenden Lichtes streut und so einen optisch matteren Eindruck erzeugt. Die Mikrofaltung der obersten Teilfläche der flüssigen Schicht wird durch Polymerisation derselben verursacht, wie sie einleitend beschrieben wurde.By irradiating the surface of the liquid layer with the electromagnetic radiation, having a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm, preferably a microstructure or a nanostructure in the surface of the uppermost partial surface The liquid layer formed by micro-folding, which scatters the reflection of incident light and thus produces a visually duller impression. The microfilling of the uppermost partial surface of the liquid layer is caused by polymerization thereof, as described in the introduction.
Um die Durchführung dieses Verfahrens zu ermöglichen, besteht die die flüssige Schicht vorzugsweise aus einem polymerisationsfähigen Acrylatgemisch. Sie weist ferner vorzugsweise strahlenhärtende Eigenschaften auf.In order to enable the implementation of this method, the liquid layer preferably consists of a polymerizable acrylate mixture. It also preferably has radiation-curing properties.
Die flüssige Schicht kann alternativ als wässriges oder lösemittelbasiertes Lacksystem ausgebildet sein, welches beispielsweise mittels eines Düsentrockners getrocknet werden kann.The liquid layer may alternatively be formed as an aqueous or solvent-based coating system which can be dried, for example, by means of a jet dryer.
In einem konkreten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht die flüssige Schicht aus einem Acrylatlack mit 30 Gew.% eines bi-Acrylates HDDA, 40 Gew.% eines bi- Acrylates DPGDA, 10 Gew.% eines Quervernetzers TM PTA, 3 Gew.% eines industrieüblichen Photoinitiators sowie 17 Gew.% sonstiger Bestandteile. Der Acrylatlack hat eine Viskosität von 80-500 mPas, bevorzugt 150-400mPas, gemessen bei 25°C und Normaldruck mit einem Rheometer.In a concrete exemplary embodiment, the liquid layer consists of an acrylate varnish with 30% by weight of a bi-acrylate HDDA, 40% by weight of a bi-acrylate DPGDA, 10% by weight of a cross-linking agent TM PTA, 3% by weight of an industrially customary photoinitiator and 17 % By weight of other ingredients. The acrylate paint has a viscosity of 80-500 mPas, preferably 150-400mPas, measured at 25 ° C and atmospheric pressure with a rheometer.
Ferner besteht das aufgebrachte Mittel vorzugsweise aus einem polymerisationsfähigen Acrylatgemisch und/oder aus einer lösemittelhaltigen Flüssigkeit und/oder aus einem wässrigen Gemisch, insbesondere mit einem Wasseranteil von mehr als 30 %, bevorzugt mehr als 50 %.Furthermore, the applied agent preferably consists of a polymerizable acrylate mixture and / or of a solvent-containing liquid and / or of an aqueous mixture, in particular with a water content of more than 30%, preferably more than 50%.
Vorzugsweise erfolgt das Aushärten der Schicht durch Bestrahlen mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung, mit einer Wellenlänge vorzugsweise größer 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt größer 300 nm, und/oder durch Bestrahlen mit Elektronenstrahlung und/oder durch aktive und/oder passive Trocknung.Preferably, the curing of the layer by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, with a wavelength preferably greater than 250 nm, more preferably greater than 300 nm, and / or by irradiation with electron radiation and / or by active and / or passive drying.
Unter aktiver Trocknung wird im Weiteren jede Art von Trocknung verstanden, bei der die flüssige Schicht durch Schaffung von speziellen Bedingungen getrocknet wird. So kann die flüssige Schicht insbesondere mittels Anströmung mit einem Fluid, insbesondere mit Luft, und/oder durch Zuführung von Wärme, insbesondere mittels IR-Strahlung oder durch Verwendung einer Heizung, getrocknet werden.Active drying is understood below to mean any type of drying in which the liquid layer is dried by creating special conditions. Thus, the liquid layer can in particular by means of flow with a fluid, in particular with air, and / or by supplying heat, in particular by means of IR radiation or by using a heater to be dried.
Passive Trocknung ist hingegen vorzugsweise dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die flüssige Schicht alleine und ohne weitere Bearbeitung aushärtet. Dies kann beispielsweise durch Transport des Werkstücks auf einem freien Streckenabschnitt eines Bandtransports erfolgen, und/oder durch Ablegen des Werkstücks.Passive drying, however, is preferably characterized in that the liquid layer cures alone and without further processing. This can be done for example by transporting the workpiece on a free stretch of a belt transport, and / or by placing the workpiece.
Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Aushärtung mittels Reaktionsaushärtung durch beispielsweise ein Zwei-Komponentensystem, welches durch chemische Reaktion zwischen den Komponenten innerhalb von weniger als 30 Minuten, bevorzugt weniger als 5 Minuten aushärtet.Preferably, the curing by means of reaction curing by, for example, a two-component system which hardens by chemical reaction between the components within less than 30 minutes, preferably less than 5 minutes.
Vorzugsweise besteht das aufgebrachte Mittel nur aus Wasser, oder es weist neben Wasser mit einem gesamten Anteil von 10 - 99% mindestens einen der folgenden Inhaltsstoffe in der genannten Konzentration (Vol-%) auf:
- einen Stoff aus der Gruppe der gehinderte Amine in einer Konzentration von 0 - 20%
- einen Stoff aus der Gruppe der N,N'-Diphenyleoxamide in einer Konzentration von 0 - 20%.
- a substance from the group of hindered amines in a concentration of 0 - 20%
- a substance from the group of N, N'-diphenyl ynamides in a concentration of 0-20%.
Vorzugsweise weist das aufgebrachte Mittel neben einem Alkohol und/oder einem Glykol mit einem gesamten Anteil (Alkohol und/oder Glykol) von 10 - 99 % mindestens einen der folgenden Inhaltsstoffe in der genannten Konzentration (Vol-%) auf:
- einen Stoff aus der Gruppe der gehinderte Amine in einer Konzentration von 0 - 20%
- einen Stoff aus der Gruppe der N,N'-Diphenyleoxamide in einer Konzentration von 0 -20%.
- a substance from the group of hindered amines in a concentration of 0 - 20%
- a substance from the group of N, N'-diphenyl ynamides in a concentration of 0-20%.
Vorzugsweise weist das aufgebrachte Mittel neben einem Polymer-Anteil von 10-99% mindestens einen der folgenden Inhaltsstoffe in der genannten Konzentration (Vol-%) auf:
- einen Stoff aus der Gruppe der Benzophenone in einer Konzentration von 0 - 15%
- einen Stoff aus der Gruppe der Benzotrialzole in einer Konzentration von 0 - 15%.
- a substance from the group of benzophenones in a concentration of 0 - 15%
- a substance from the group of the Benzotrialzole in a concentration of 0 - 15%.
Weiterhin ist das aufgebrachte Mittel vorzugsweise so beschaffen, dass es, insbesondere nach dem Bestrahlen mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung, insbesondere von weniger als 300 nm, vorzugsweise von weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 200 nm, innerhalb von weniger als 3 Minuten, bevorzugt innerhalb von weniger als 1 Minute, besonders bevorzugt innerhalb von weniger als einer halben Minute, verdampft.Furthermore, the applied agent is preferably such that, in particular after irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, in particular less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm, within less than 3 minutes, is preferred within less than 1 minute, more preferably within less than half a minute.
Je schneller das Mittel nach seinem Auftrag bzw. nach der oben genannten Bestrahlung wieder von der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht verdampft, desto schneller kann zum nächsten Bearbeitungsschritt gewechselt werden, was Vorteile in der Taktzeit bzw. der Produktionsgeschwindigkeit mit sich bringt.The faster the agent evaporates again from the surface of the liquid layer after its application or after the above-mentioned irradiation, the faster it is possible to switch to the next processing step, which brings advantages in the cycle time or the production speed.
Besonders bevorzugt ist ein weiterer Schritt bei der Abarbeitung des Verfahrens vorgesehen, in dem die Verdampfung des Mittels innerhalb von weniger als 3 Minuten, bevorzugt innerhalb von weniger als 1 Minute, besonders bevorzugt innerhalb von weniger als einer halben Minute, durchgeführt wird.Particularly preferred is a further step in the execution of the method is provided, in which the evaporation of the agent within less than 3 minutes, preferably within less than 1 minute, more preferably within less than half a minute, is performed.
Ein derartiger Verdampfungsschritt kann insbesondere derart ausgebildet sein, dass das Werkstück mit dem auf der flüssigen Schicht aufgebrachten Mittel durch einen entsprechend eingerichteten Streckenabschnitt befördert wird, welcher spezielle Verdampfungsbedingungen für das Mittel aufweist.Such an evaporation step may in particular be designed in such a way that the workpiece with the agent applied to the liquid layer is conveyed through a suitably arranged route section which has special evaporation conditions for the agent.
Die Verdampfung des Mittels kann dabei insbesondere aktiv erfolgen, wobei das Mittel durch Schaffung von speziellen Bedingungen verdampft wird. So kann das Mittel insbesondere mittels Anströmung mit einem Fluid, insbesondere mit Luft, und/oder durch Zuführung von Wärme, insbesondere mittels IR-Strahlung oder durch Verwendung einer Heizung, verdampft werden.The evaporation of the agent can be carried out in particular actively, wherein the agent is evaporated by creating special conditions. Thus, the agent can be evaporated in particular by means of flow with a fluid, in particular with air, and / or by supplying heat, in particular by means of IR radiation or by using a heater.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Mittel auch alleine und ohne weitere Bearbeitung verdampfen. Dies kann beispielsweise durch Transport des Werkstücks auf einem freien Streckenabschnitt eines Bandtransports erfolgen, und/oder durch Lagern des Werkstücks, wobei die weitere Verarbeitung nach der Verdampfung erfolgt.Alternatively or additionally, the agent can evaporate alone and without further processing. This can be done for example by transporting the workpiece on a free stretch of tape transport, and / or by storing the workpiece, wherein the further processing takes place after the evaporation.
Vorzugsweise geht das Mittel beim Auftreffen auf die Oberfläche bzw. bei Kontakt mit der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht mit dieser eine chemische Reaktion dergestalt ein, dass an den Stellen eine optische und/oder haptische Änderung der Oberfläche erfolgt.Preferably, the agent enters into contact with the surface of the liquid layer upon contact with the surface of the liquid layer with a chemical reaction such that an optical and / or haptic change of the surface takes place at the locations.
Dies kann vorzugsweise durch Polymerbildung der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht zusammen mit dem Mittel erfolgen, wobei diese insbesondere durch Bestrahlung mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung ausgelöst und/oder verstärkt wird. Die Polymerbildung verändert beispielsweise die Reflexionseigenschaft der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht und/oder deren Rauheit.This can preferably be done by polymer formation of the surface of the liquid layer together with the agent, which is triggered and / or enhanced in particular by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation. The polymer formation changes, for example, the reflection property of the surface of the liquid layer and / or its roughness.
Besonders bevorzugt ist ein chemischer Reaktionsschritt vorgesehen, der so ausgestaltet ist, dass der chemischen Reaktion zwischen Mittel und Schicht genügend Zeit gegeben wird, dass diese chemische Reaktion zumindest teilweise abläuft.Particularly preferred is a chemical reaction step is provided, which is designed so that the chemical reaction between the agent and layer is given sufficient time that this chemical reaction proceeds at least partially.
Ein derartiger chemischer Reaktionsschritt kann insbesondere derart ausgebildet sein, dass das Werkstück mit dem auf der flüssigen Schicht aufgebrachten Mittel durch einen entsprechend eingerichteten Streckenabschnitt befördert wird, welcher spezielle Reaktionsbedingungen für das Mittel und die flüssige Schicht aufweist.Such a chemical reaction step may in particular be designed in such a way that the workpiece with the agent applied to the liquid layer is conveyed through a suitably arranged route section which has special reaction conditions for the agent and the liquid layer.
Dies kann beispielsweise durch Zuführung von Wärme, insbesondere mittels IR-Strahlung oder durch Verwendung einer Heizung, erreicht werden.This can be achieved, for example, by supplying heat, in particular by means of IR radiation or by using a heater.
Vorzugsweise ist die chemische Reaktion so ausgebildet, dass beim Auftreffen oder im weiteren Kontakt zwischen Mittel und flüssiger Schicht ein Reaktionsprodukt entsteht, das eine Absorptionseigenschaft gegenüber elektromagnetischer Strahlung aufweist.Preferably, the chemical reaction is such that upon impact or in further contact between the agent and the liquid layer, a reaction product is formed, which has an absorption property against electromagnetic radiation.
Vorzugsweise geht das aufgebrachte Mittel ferner beim Auftreffen auf die Schicht mit dieser eine chemische Reaktion dergestalt ein, dass das Reaktionsprodukt an dieser Stelle durch das Bestrahlen mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 300 nm, vorzugsweise von weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 200 nm, keine oder eine geringere Mikrostrukturbildung erzielt als auf den Flächen, auf denen kein Mittel auf die Oberfläche aufgebracht wurde.Preferably, the applied agent further receives, upon impact with the layer, a chemical reaction such that the reaction product at that point is irradiated by electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 200 nm, no or less microstructure formation than on the areas where no agent was applied to the surface.
Vorzugsweise ist ferner ein weiterer Schritt vorgesehen bei dem die flüssige Schicht auf eine Oberfläche des Werkstücks aufgetragen wird.Preferably, a further step is further provided in which the liquid layer is applied to a surface of the workpiece.
Dies kann beispielsweise durch einen Walzenauftrag erfolgen, bei dem die Oberfläche des Werkstückes vollflächig, oder über zu strukturierende Teilflächen, mit der flüssigen Schicht beschichtet wird. Alternativ kann der Auftrag auch mittels eines Sprühkopfes erfolgen, welcher mittels Düsen die flüssige Schicht auf die Oberfläche des Werkstücks aufträgt.This can be done for example by a roller application, in which the surface of the workpiece over the entire surface, or over to be structured partial surfaces, is coated with the liquid layer. Alternatively, the application can also be effected by means of a spray head, which applies the liquid layer to the surface of the workpiece by means of nozzles.
Vorzugsweise ist ein weiterer insbesondere zum Auftrag des Mittels zeitgleich ausgeführter Schritt Bestandteil des Verfahrens in dem die flüssige Schicht mittels eines analogen oder digitalen Strukturierungsverfahrens strukturiert wird, wodurch insbesondere eine Struktur der flüssigen Schicht mit 10 bis 50 µm Höhenunterschied erreicht wird.A further step, which is carried out at the same time, in particular for the application of the agent, is preferably part of the process in which the liquid layer is structured by means of an analog or digital structuring method, whereby in particular a structure of the liquid layer having a height difference of 10 to 50 μm is achieved.
Vorzugsweise ist ferner ein weiterer Schritt vorgesehen, in dem die flüssige Schicht mittels eines analogen Strukturierungsverfahrens, insbesondere mit einer Prägewalze oder einem Prägeblech strukturiert wird, und/oder mittels analogen oder digitalen Aufbringen, insbesondere mittels eines digitalen Druckkopfes, von Strukturierungströpfchen verdrängt wird, wobei durch die Strukturierung Vertiefungen in die Schicht eingebracht werden.Preferably, a further step is further provided, in which the liquid layer is structured by means of an analogous structuring method, in particular with an embossing roller or embossing plate, and / or by means of analog or digital application, in particular by means of a digital printhead, is displaced by structuring droplets, wherein the structuring depressions are introduced into the layer.
Die Strukturierungströpfchen weisen dabei insbesondere ein Volumen von 1 pl bis 80 pl, vorzugsweise von 3 pl bis 12 pl, besonders bevorzugt von 5 pl bis 10 pl auf.The structuring droplets in particular have a volume of from 1 pl to 80 pl, preferably from 3 pl to 12 pl, particularly preferably from 5 pl to 10 pl.
Die Geschwindigkeit der Strukturierungströpfchen beträgt insbesondere zwischen 1 m/s und 12 m/s, vorzugsweise zwischen 3 m/s und 7 m/s, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 5 m/s und 6 m/s.The speed of the structuring droplets is in particular between 1 m / s and 12 m / s, preferably between 3 m / s and 7 m / s, more preferably between 5 m / s and 6 m / s.
Die Strukturierungströpfchen bestehen dabei vorzugsweise aus demselben Material wie die flüssige Schicht, so dass durch deren Auftreffen auf die flüssige Schicht lediglich eine physikalisch bedingte Verdrängung zur Strukturierung der flüssigen Schicht erfolgt.The structuring droplets preferably consist of the same material as the liquid layer, so that their impact on the liquid layer merely results in a physical displacement for structuring the liquid layer.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich können auch Strukturierungströpfchen aufgebracht werden, die sich in ihrer Zusammensetzung, insbesondere in ihrer Dichte von der flüssigen Schicht unterscheiden. Zudem ist denkbar, diese Strukturierungströpfchen derart auszubilden, dass sie mit der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht chemisch reagieren, um eine optische und/oder haptische Veränderung dieser Oberfläche zu erreichen.Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to apply structuring droplets which differ in their composition, in particular in their density, from the liquid layer. In addition, it is conceivable to form these structuring droplets in such a way that they react chemically with the surface of the liquid layer in order to achieve an optical and / or haptic change of this surface.
Weiterhin ist denkbar, dass die Strukturierung der flüssigen Schicht derart durchgeführt wird, dass diese Struktur möglichst synchron (d.h. mit einer maximalen Abweichung von 2 mm, bevorzugt 1 mm) zu einem unter der flüssigen Schicht auf dem Werkstück aufgebrachten Dekorbildes ausgebildet ist. D. h. ist auf dem Werkstück eine Holzmaserung abgebildet, so wird mit der Strukturierung ebenfalls eine Holzmaserung nachgebildet, die der Maserung des Dekorbildes entspricht. Die Schicht ist dann vorzugsweise spätestens nach der Aushärtung zumindest teilweise transparent, so dass das Dekorbild entsprechend sichtbar wird.Furthermore, it is conceivable that the structuring of the liquid layer is carried out such that this structure is formed as synchronously as possible (i.e., with a maximum deviation of 2 mm, preferably 1 mm) to a decorative image applied to the workpiece under the liquid layer. Ie. If a wood grain is depicted on the workpiece, the patterning also reproduces a wood grain that corresponds to the grain of the decorative image. The layer is then preferably at least partially transparent at the latest after curing, so that the decorative image is correspondingly visible.
Vorzugsweise kann auch ein weiterer Schritt vorgesehen sein, in dem beispielsweise mittels Digitaldruck ein Dekorbild auf das Werkstück aufgebracht wird. Alternativ kann auch auf eine strukturierte Schicht, die zumindest teilweise ausgehärtet ist, oder welche eine durch Polymerisation verfestigte Oberfläche aufweist, ein Dekorbild aufgebracht werden. Dieses Dekorbild kann ein- oder mehrfarbig gestaltet sein.Preferably, a further step may be provided in which, for example, by means of digital printing, a decorative image is applied to the workpiece. Alternatively, a decorative image can also be applied to a structured layer which has been at least partially cured, or which has a surface solidified by polymerization. This decor image can be designed in one or more colors.
Die hier beschriebenen Verfahrensschritte sind nicht beschränkend auf den Gegenstand des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zu sehen. Vielmehr können weitere Verfahren erhalten werden, indem einzelne Schritte vertauscht, wiederholt oder weggelassen werden. Beispielsweise kann auch nach der ersten Beschichtung mit einer flüssigen Schicht eine weitere Beschichtung mit einer flüssigen Schicht erfolgen, welche ebenfalls mattiert wird, um besondere optische Effekte zu erzielen.The method steps described here are not restrictive to the subject matter of the method according to the invention. Rather, other methods can be obtained by swapping, repeating, or eliminating individual steps. For example, even after the first coating with a liquid layer, a further coating can take place with a liquid layer which is likewise matted in order to achieve special optical effects.
Erfindungsgemäß ist ferner eine Vorrichtung, die zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignet ist, mit folgenden Elemente vorgesehen:
- eine Transportvorrichtung mit einer Haupttransportrichtung, wobei die Transportvorrichtung dazu ausgebildet ist, ein Werkstück, das mit einer flüssigen Schicht beschichtet ist, zu weiteren Elementen der Vorrichtung zu transportieren,
- eine Abgabevorrichtung, die dazu ausgebildet ist, ein Mittel zumindest auf eine Teilfläche der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht aufzubringen;
- eine Strahlenquelle, die dazu ausgebildet ist, die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 300 nm, vorzugsweise weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 200 nm, zu bestrahlen.
- a transport device with a main transport direction, wherein the transport device is designed to transport a workpiece, which is coated with a liquid layer, to further elements of the device,
- a dispenser adapted to apply an agent to at least a portion of the surface of the liquid layer;
- a radiation source adapted to irradiate the surface of the liquid layer with electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, more preferably less than 200 nm.
Vorzugsweise weist die Vorrichtung eine Aushärtungsstation auf, welche unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein kann, um eine Aushärtung der zumindest teilweise flüssigen Schicht zu realisieren.Preferably, the device has a curing station, which may be designed differently in order to realize a curing of the at least partially liquid layer.
Dazu kann vorzugsweise eine Strahlenquelle vorgesehen sein, die dazu ausgebildet ist, die flüssige Schicht und/oder das aufgebrachte Mittel mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung veränderbarer Wellenlänge, insbesondere mit IR-Strahlung, zumindest bis zu ihrer teilweisen Aushärtung zu bestrahlen.
Die Strahlenquelle ist vorzugsweise separat ausgebildet und/oder mit der Strahlenquelle identisch, welche die elektromagnetische Strahlung mit einer Wellenlänge von weniger als 300 nm, vorzugsweise weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 200 nm, abgibt.For this purpose, preferably a radiation source can be provided, which is designed to irradiate the liquid layer and / or the applied agent with electromagnetic radiation of variable wavelength, in particular with IR radiation, at least until its partial hardening.
The radiation source is preferably formed separately and / or identical to the radiation source which emits the electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of less than 300 nm, preferably less than 250 nm, particularly preferably less than 200 nm.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Strahlenquelle Elektronenstrahlung veränderbarer Wellenlänge abgeben.Alternatively or additionally, the radiation source can emit electron radiation of variable wavelength.
Ferner weist die Aushärtungsstation vorzugsweise eine Fluidquelle auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, die Schicht, insbesondere mit Luft zu umströmen, wobei das Fluid insbesondere in den Parametern Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und/oder Temperatur und/oder Feuchte beeinflusst werden kann.Furthermore, the curing station preferably has a fluid source, which is designed to flow around the layer, in particular with air, wherein the fluid can be influenced in particular in the parameters flow velocity and / or temperature and / or humidity.
Ferner weist die Aushärtungsstation vorzugsweise eine Elektronenstrahlquelle auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, die flüssige Schicht und/oder das aufgebrachte Mittel mit Elektronenstrahlung zumindest bis zu ihrer teilweisen Aushärtung zu bestrahlen.Furthermore, the curing station preferably has an electron beam source, which is designed to irradiate the liquid layer and / or the applied means with electron radiation at least until their partial hardening.
Ferner weist die Aushärtungsstation vorzugsweise eine Trocknungsstation auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, das Werkstück bis zum zumindest teilweisen Aushärten der Schicht aufzunehmen und insbesondere mittels einer Heizquelle eine vorbestimmte Trocknungstemperatur bereitzustellen, der das Werkstück mit der Schicht ausgesetzt werden kann.Furthermore, the curing station preferably has a drying station which is adapted to receive the workpiece until at least partial curing of the layer and in particular to provide by means of a heating source a predetermined drying temperature to which the workpiece can be exposed with the layer.
Vorzugsweise weist die Vorrichtung weiterhin ein Steuermittel auf, das dazu ausgebildet ist, die Vorrichtung entsprechend der Verfahrensschritte zu steuern. Dabei kann es sich beispielsweise um eine elektronisch gesteuerte Steuereinheit, insbesondere ein Steuergerät handeln, das zur Übertragung elektronischer Steuersignale an die weiteren Elemente der Vorrichtung und vorzugsweise zum Empfang von Signalen der weiteren Elemente der Vorrichtung ausgebildet ist. So können beispielsweise Rückmeldungen über die aktuell abgegebene Tröpfchenmenge oder deren Geschwindigkeit und weitere Informationen das Verfahren betreffend an das Steuermittel übertragen werden, wodurch dieses Informationen zur aktuellen Durchführung des Verfahrens erhält und entsprechend angepasste Steuersignale bereitstellen kann.Preferably, the device further comprises a control means, which is designed to control the device according to the method steps. This may be, for example, an electronically controlled control unit, in particular a control unit, which is designed to transmit electronic control signals to the further elements of the device and preferably to receive signals of the further elements of the device. Thus, for example, feedback on the currently dispensed droplet quantity or its speed and other information relating to the method can be transmitted to the control means, whereby it receives information on the current implementation of the method and can provide correspondingly adapted control signals.
Vorzugsweise weist die Vorrichtung weiterhin einen Reaktionsbereich auf, der dazu ausgebildet ist, ein Verdampfen und/oder eine chemische Reaktion zu ermöglichen, wobei der Reaktionsbereich insbesondere als Bereich ausgebildet ist, durch den die Transportvorrichtung das Werkstück transportiert, und dessen Ausdehnung und die Transportgeschwindigkeit so aufeinander abgestimmt sind, dass ein Verdampfen und/oder eine Reaktion zumindest teilweise ermöglicht werden. Beispielsweise kann es sich dabei um eine Kammer halten, durch die das Werkstück, welches auch bahnförmig ausgebildet sein kann, transportiert wird.Preferably, the apparatus further comprises a reaction region which is designed to allow evaporation and / or a chemical reaction, wherein the reaction region is in particular formed as a region through which the transport device transports the workpiece, and its expansion and the transport speed to each other are tuned that an evaporation and / or a reaction are at least partially possible. For example, it can hold a chamber through which the workpiece, which may also be web-shaped, is transported.
Vorzugsweise weist die Vorrichtung weiterhin eine Schutzgaskammer auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, das Werkstück und/oder die Schicht und/oder das Mittel zumindest auf einer Teilstrecke während des Transports mit einem Schutzgas, insbesondere einem Inertgas, vorzugsweise Stickstoff, zu umgeben. Somit wird ermöglicht, eine Atmosphäre zu schaffen, die eine chemische Reaktion der Schicht mit dem Mittel oder eine Polymerisation durch elektromagnetische Strahlung nicht beeinflusst.Preferably, the apparatus further comprises a protective gas chamber, which is designed to surround the workpiece and / or the layer and / or the means at least over a partial section during transport with a protective gas, in particular an inert gas, preferably nitrogen. Thus, it is possible to provide an atmosphere that does not affect a chemical reaction of the layer with the agent or a polymerization by electromagnetic radiation.
Vorzugsweise weist die Vorrichtung weiterhin eine Auftragsvorrichtung auf, die dazu ausgebildet ist, die flüssige Schicht auf das Werkstück aufzutragen. Diese Auftragsvorrichtung weist dabei insbesondere ein Walzwerk auf, das dazu ausgebildet ist, das Werkstück mit einer flüssigen Schicht zu beschichten. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann auch ein Sprühkopf vorgesehen sein, welcher mittels Düsen die flüssige Schicht auf die Oberfläche des Werkstücks aufträgt.Preferably, the apparatus further comprises an application device which is adapted to apply the liquid layer to the workpiece. In this case, this application device has in particular a rolling mill which is designed to coat the workpiece with a liquid layer. Alternatively or additionally, a spray head can also be provided which applies the liquid layer to the surface of the workpiece by means of nozzles.
Vorzugsweise weist die Vorrichtung weiterhin ein Strukturierungselement auf, das dazu ausgebildet ist, in die flüssige Schicht eine Struktur einzubringen. Dabei kann es sich vorzugsweise um eine analoge Prägewalze oder um ein Prägeblech handeln, worauf eine Struktur mittels Erhebungen vorgesehen ist, welche durch Eindrücken in die flüssige Schicht auf diese übertragen werden kann. Alternativ oder zusätzlich weist das Strukturierungselement mindestens einen Digitaldruckkopf auf, welcher dazu ausgebildet ist, Strukturierungströpfchen auf die flüssige Schicht aufzubringen. Der Digitaldruckkopf ist dabei vorzugsweise in der Lage Impuls und/oder Volumen und/oder Geschwindigkeit der Strukturierungströpfchen derart anzupassen, so dass die Strukturierungströpfchen durch ihr Auftreffen auf der flüssigen Schicht einen Strukturierungseffekt, insbesondere durch Verdrängen der flüssigen Schicht, erzielen.Preferably, the device further comprises a structuring element, which is designed to introduce a structure into the liquid layer. This may preferably be an analog embossing roller or a embossing plate, whereupon a structure is provided by means of elevations, which can be transferred by pressing them into the liquid layer on this. Alternatively or additionally, the structuring element has at least one digital print head, which is designed to apply patterning droplets to the liquid layer. The digital print head is preferably capable of impulse and / or volume and / or speed of structuring droplets such so that the structuring droplets achieve a structuring effect by their impact on the liquid layer, in particular by displacing the liquid layer.
Vorzugsweise weist die Vorrichtung weiterhin eine Auftragsvorrichtung zum Auftrag eines Dekorbildes auf, mit mindestens einem Digitaldruckkopf der dazu ausgebildet ist, Farbe auf die Oberfläche der Schicht und/oder des Werkstücks aufzutragen. So ist es möglich, die Oberfläche des Werkstückes und/oder der Schicht mit einem Dekorbild zu versehen.Preferably, the apparatus further comprises an application device for applying a decorative image, with at least one digital print head which is adapted to apply paint to the surface of the layer and / or the workpiece. Thus, it is possible to provide the surface of the workpiece and / or the layer with a decorative image.
Vorzugsweise weist die Transportvorrichtung ein Transportband auf, wobei die oben beschriebenen Elemente der Vorrichtung nacheinander in der Haupttransportrichtung angeordnet sind. Dabei kann insbesondere über die Anordnungsreihenfolge eine Abarbeitungsreihenfolge der Verfahrensschritte vorgegeben werden.Preferably, the transport device has a conveyor belt, wherein the above-described elements of the device are arranged successively in the main transport direction. In this case, an execution order of the method steps can be specified in particular via the order of arrangement.
Vorzugsweise weist die Abgabevorrichtung mindestens einen digitalen Digitaldruckkopf auf, der zur Abgabe des Mittels ausgebildet ist. Der Digitaldruckkopf ist vorzugsweise so ausgebildet, dass er das Mittel wahlweise in Form von feinen Tröpfchen oder Tröpfchen auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht abgeben kann. Vorzugsweise ist er weiterhin dazu ausgebildet, insbesondere Volumen, Geschwindigkeit und/oder Impuls der feinen Töpfchen und/oder Tröpfchen entsprechend einer Vorgabe, beispielsweise aus dem Steuermittel, zu dosieren.Preferably, the dispenser has at least one digital digital printhead configured to deliver the agent. The digital printhead is preferably configured to selectively dispense the agent onto the surface of the liquid layer in the form of fine droplets or droplets. Preferably, it is further adapted to meter in particular volume, speed and / or momentum of the fine pots and / or droplets according to a specification, for example from the control means.
Vorzugsweise weist der Reaktionsbereich spezielle Randbedingungen auf, die zum Auslösen eines Verdampfens und/oder einer chemischen Reaktion nötig sind.Preferably, the reaction region has special boundary conditions which are necessary for triggering evaporation and / or a chemical reaction.
Vorzugsweise erstreckt sich der Reaktionsbereich zumindest über einen Teil der Schutzgaskammer. So wird vorteilhafterweise erreicht, dass die Reaktion zumindest teilweise unter Schutzgas abläuft, so dass der Einfluss unerwünschter chemischer Bestandteile insbesondere der Umgebungsluft minimiert wird.Preferably, the reaction area extends at least over part of the protective gas chamber. Thus, it is advantageously achieved that the reaction proceeds at least partially under protective gas, so that the influence of undesired chemical constituents, in particular the ambient air, is minimized.
Die hier beschriebenen Vorrichtungselemente sind nicht beschränkend auf den Gegenstand der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zu sehen. Vielmehr können weitere Vorrichtungen erhalten werden, indem einzelne Elemente vertauscht, vervielfacht oder weggelassen werden. Beispielsweise kann auch nach der ersten Beschichtung und Mattierung mit einer flüssigen Schicht eine weitere Beschichtung mit einer flüssigen Schicht erfolgen, welche ebenfalls mattiert wird, um besondere optische Effekte zu erzielen.The device elements described herein are not intended to be limiting to the subject matter of the device of the invention. Rather, other devices can be obtained by swapping, duplicating or omitting individual elements. For example, even after the first coating and matting with a liquid layer, a further coating can take place with a liquid layer which is likewise matted in order to achieve special optical effects.
Im Weiteren erfolgt die Beschreibung konkreter Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung unter Zuhilfenahme der beigefügten Zeichnungen. Es zeigen:
Figur 1- ein Werkstück das mit einer flüssigen Schicht beschichtet ist und auf das ein Mittel in Form von Tröpfchen aufgetragen wird;
Figur 2- das Werkstück in einer Schutzgaskammer, in der es mittels einer Lampe mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung bestrahlt wird;
Figur 3- das Werkstück mit unterschiedlichen Mattierungsgraden der aufgetragenen Schicht;
Figur 4- die Einwirkung der elektromagnetischen Strahlung auf die flüssige Schicht und auf das aufgetragene Mittel;
- Figur 5
- eine weitere Ausführungsform, in der das Mittel lediglich auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht aufgetragen wurde, ohne diese in ihrer Struktur zu verändern;
Figur 6- ein alternatives Werkstück als Bahnware
Figur 7- ein Ablaufdiagramm einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
Figur 8- einen schematischen Aufbau einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.
- FIG. 1
- a workpiece which is coated with a liquid layer and to which an agent in the form of droplets is applied;
- FIG. 2
- the workpiece in a protective gas chamber in which it is irradiated by means of a lamp with electromagnetic radiation;
- FIG. 3
- the workpiece with different degrees of matting of the applied layer;
- FIG. 4
- the action of the electromagnetic radiation on the liquid layer and on the applied agent;
- FIG. 5
- another embodiment in which the agent has been applied only to the surface of the liquid layer without changing the structure thereof;
- FIG. 6
- an alternative workpiece as a web product
- FIG. 7
- a flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention;
- FIG. 8
- a schematic structure of a preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention.
In
Das Mittel ist dazu ausgebildet, elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise zu absorbieren. So kann erreicht werden, dass Teile der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2, die mit dem Mittel bedeckt sind, von dem direkten Einfluss elektromagnetischer Strahlung zumindest teilweise abgeschirmt werden können.The means is designed to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation. Thus it can be achieved that parts of the surface of the
Es ist erkennbar, dass die Tröpfchen 3 beim Auftreffen auf die flüssige Schicht 2 Vertiefungen erzeugt haben, wobei die flüssige Schicht 2 in ihrer Viskosität so beschaffen ist, dass sich diese Vertiefungen nicht sofort wieder zurückbilden. Somit kann durch den Auftrag der Tröpfchen 3 eine zumindest über einen gewissen Zeitraum von weniger als 5 Minuten, bevorzugt weniger als 3 Minuten bestehende Strukturierung der flüssigen Schicht 2 erreicht werden, welche durch abschließendes Aushärten dauerhaft verfestigt werden kann.It can be seen that the
In
Die Oberfläche der Schicht 2 weist hier eine Struktur auf, welche durch die Tröpfchen 3, wie in
Ferner ist eine Strahlenquelle 6 für elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a vorgesehen, unter der das Werkstück 1 mit der flüssigen und durch die Vertiefungen strukturierten Schicht 2 hindurchbewegt wird. Die Strahlenquelle 6 ist so ausgebildet, dass sie die elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 abgibt. Dabei weist die elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a beispielsweise eine Wellenlänge von weniger als 300 nm, vorzugsweise weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 200 nm, auf.Furthermore, a
Anstatt Stickstoff kann auch eine andere Inertgasatmosphäre im Inneren 5 der Schutzgaskammer 24 ausgebildet sein, die dazu geeignet ist, insbesondere Sauerstoffatome und/oder-moleküle von der Oberfläche der Schicht 2 fernzuhalten.Instead of nitrogen, another inert gas atmosphere may also be formed in the interior 5 of the
Die Schutzgaskammer 24 kann als abgeschlossener Raum ausgebildet sein, oder auch als Bereich, durch den ein Werkstück 1 hindurchbewegt wird. Dies ist insbesondere für bahnförmige Werkstücke 1 von Vorteil,The
An den Stellen 7 konnte die elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a ungehindert auf die Oberfläche der Schicht 2 treffen, wodurch hier eine stärkere Polymerisation stattgefunden hat. Die Oberfläche ist an dieser Stelle, zumindest im Mikro- oder Nanobereich, rauer geworden, da sich die Moleküle der flüssigen Schicht 2 nahe der Oberfläche aufgrund der elektromagnetischen Bestrahlung 6a stärker vernetzt haben. Daher wird Licht das auf diese Stellen 7 fällt nun in mehrere Richtungen, also diffus reflektiert, wodurch ein höherer Mattheitsgrad dieser Stellen 7 erreicht wird.At the
Im Gegensatz dazu konnte die elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a die Stellen 8 der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 nicht direkt erreichen, da diese, wie in den
Das Mittel hat jedoch an den tiefergelegenen Stellen 8 die elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise absorbiert, so dass, eine Polymerisation der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 hier nicht in gleichem Maße stattfinden konnte wie an den Stellen 7. Im Ergebnis sind die tiefergelegenen Stellen 8 daher weniger rau, zumindest im Mikro- oder Nanobereich, wodurch eine Reflexion einfallenden Lichtes weniger stark gestreut wird. Die Stellen 8 wirken daher im Vergleich zu den Stellen 7 glänzender.However, the agent has at least partially absorbed the electromagnetic radiation at the
Es ist zu erkennen, dass an Stellen, die nicht mit den Tröpfchen 3 bedeckt sind, die elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a ungehindert auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 treffen kann. Dies ist durch die Länge der Pfeile der elektromagnetischen Strahlung 6a verdeutlicht, welche die Intensität beschreiben, mit der die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 bestrahlt wird.It can be seen that at locations which are not covered with the
Im Gegensatz dazu ist die Intensität der elektromagnetischen Strahlung 6a an der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 an Stellen, die mit Tröpfchen 3 bedeckt sind, deutlich geringer, wie an den vergleichsweise kurzen Pfeilen der elektromagnetischen Strahlung 6a unterhalb der Tröpfchen 3 abgelesen werden kann.In contrast, the intensity of the
Das Mittel ist hier in Form von feinen Tröpfchen 3a aufgetragen, die derart auf die flüssige Schicht aufgebracht wurden, dass sie nicht in die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 einsinken bzw. diese auch nicht verdrängen und Vertiefungen einbringen. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch erreicht werden, dass die feinen Tröpfchen 3a in ihrem Volumen und/oder in ihrer Auftreffgeschwindigkeit so angepasst werden, dass die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht nicht durch diese verändert wird.The agent is here applied in the form of fine droplets 3a, which have been applied to the liquid layer in such a way that they do not sink into the surface of the
Dabei kann ein Impuls der feinen Tröpfchen 3a derart eingestellt werden, dass dieser nicht ausreichend ist, die Oberflächenspannung der flüssigen Schicht 2 zu durchbrechen, wodurch die feinen Tröpfchen 3a nicht in die flüssige Schicht 2 einsinken, und/oder dass dieser nicht ausreichend ist, um die Viskositätskräfte der flüssigen Schicht 2 zu überwinden, wodurch keine Vertiefungen in die flüssige Schicht 2 aufgrund der feinen Tröpfchen 3a eingebracht werden.In this case, a pulse of the fine droplets 3a can be set so that it is not sufficient to break the surface tension of the
Es ist weiterhin zu erkennen, dass die feinen Tröpfchen 3a so bemessen sind, dass sie einen feinen Schleier auf der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht, zumindest auf Teilflächen davon ausbilden.It will further be appreciated that the fine droplets 3a are sized to form a fine haze on the surface of the liquid layer, at least on portions thereof.
Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 an unterschiedlichen Stellen unterschiedlich stark einzubringen, da sie an Stellen, welche das Mittel aufweisen, weniger stark in die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht eindringt. Dies ist, vergleichbar zu
Die flüssige Schicht 2 wird in dieser Ausführungsform nach dem Abrollen von der Rolle 9 mittels eines Walzwerkes 10 aufgetragen. Das Mattierungsverfahren kann somit nicht nur auf einzelne flächige Werkstücke, wie Platten, beispielsweise aus Holz, Kunststoff oder Metall, sondern auch auf bahnförmige Werkstücke 1 angewandt werden,The
In einem ersten Bearbeitungsschritt erfolgt das Auftragen S20 einer flüssigen Schicht auf die Oberfläche eines Werkstückes. Dies kann beispielsweise in der in
Anschließend erfolgt die Strukturierung S22 des so beschichteten Werkstücks, so dass die flüssige Schicht nach Durchführung dieses Schrittes mit einer Struktur versehen ist. Die Strukturierung der flüssigen Schicht kann beispielsweise durch ein analoges Strukturierungsverfahren erfolgen, insbesondere durch mechanische Prägung der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht, indem beispielsweise eine Prägewalze auf der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht abrollt.This is followed by the structuring S22 of the workpiece coated in this way so that the liquid layer is provided with a structure after this step has been carried out. The structuring of the liquid layer can be effected, for example, by an analogous structuring method, in particular by mechanically embossing the surface of the liquid layer, for example by unrolling an embossing roller on the surface of the liquid layer.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Strukturierung der flüssigen Schicht auch digital erfolgen, wobei beispielsweise mit digitalen Druckköpfen Tröpfchen auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht aufgebracht werden, welche in diese eindringen und/oder diese verdrängen. Die Tröpfchen sind dabei vorteilhafterweise aus demselben Material wie flüssige Schicht, um lediglich einen Strukturierungseffekt zu erreichen. In einer anderen Ausführungsform können die Tröpfchen aus einem anderen Material als die flüssige Schicht bestehen, wodurch beispielsweise eine chemische Reaktion zwischen flüssiger Schicht und Tröpfchen, insbesondere durch eine spätere Bestrahlung mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung und/oder Elektronenstrahlung und/oder Temperaturerhöhung erreicht werden kann. Die chemische Reaktion ist dabei so ausgebildet, dass deren Reaktionsprodukt einen Strukturierungseffekt auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht hat, wodurch diese optisch und/ oder haptisch verändert wird.Alternatively or additionally, the structuring of the liquid layer can also take place digitally, with droplets being applied to the surface of the liquid layer, for example with digital printheads, which penetrate into and / or displace them. The droplets are advantageously made of the same material as the liquid layer in order to achieve only a structuring effect. In another embodiment, the droplets may consist of a different material than the liquid layer, whereby, for example, a chemical reaction between liquid layer and droplets, in particular by a subsequent irradiation with electromagnetic radiation and / or electron radiation and / or temperature increase can be achieved. The chemical reaction is designed so that their reaction product has a structuring effect on the surface of the liquid layer, whereby it is optically and / or haptically changed.
Befindet sich auf dem Werkstück ein dekoratives Bild, welches durch das Auftragen S20 der flüssigen, insbesondere teilweise transparenten Schicht bedeckt wurde, so wird bei der Strukturierung der Oberfläche erreicht, dass die Struktur synchron zu der durch die flüssige Schicht sichtbaren Abbildung ist.If there is a decorative image on the workpiece, which has been covered by the application S20 of the liquid, in particular partially transparent, layer, the structuring of the surface results in the structure being synchronous with the image visible through the liquid layer.
Das so vorbereitete Werkstück wird anschließend, beispielsweise über einen durchlaufenden Bandtransport, einer digitalen Druckstation zugeführt (S10).The workpiece prepared in this way is subsequently fed to a digital printing station, for example via a continuous belt transport (S10).
Die digitale Druckstation ermöglicht in einem weiteren Schritt S12 das Aufbringen eines Mittels, das dazu ausgebildet ist, elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise zu absorbieren, auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht.In a further step S12, the digital printing station makes it possible to apply a means, which is designed to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation, to the surface of the liquid layer.
Das Aufbringen S12 des Mittels kann dabei in Form von Tröpfchen erfolgen, die beispielsweise in Geschwindigkeit und Volumen so abgestimmt sind, dass sie die Oberflächenspannung und/oder die Viskositätskräfte der flüssigen Schicht überwinden können, um diese zu strukturieren. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Aufbringen S12 des Mittels in Form von feinen Tröpfchen erfolgen, die so bemessen sind, dass sie die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht nicht verändern, sondern diese lediglich zumindest auf Teilflächen bedecken.The application of S12 of the agent can take place in the form of droplets, which are tuned, for example, in speed and volume so that they can overcome the surface tension and / or the viscosity forces of the liquid layer in order to structure them. Alternatively or additionally, the application of S12 of the agent can take place in the form of fine droplets, which are dimensioned so that they do not change the surface of the liquid layer, but only cover them at least on partial surfaces.
Im Anschluss daran erfolgt das Bestrahlen S14 der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht mit hochenergetischer elektromagnetischer Strahlung, wie in
Das Bestrahlen S14 der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht führt zu deren Polymerisation bis zu einer bestimmten Eindringtiefe, beispielsweise 0,1 µm, bevorzugt weniger als 0,01 µm, wobei diese, wie in
Im Anschluss daran wird das aufgebrachte Mittel in einem weiteren Schritt S18 verdampft. Dies kann beispielsweise allein dadurch erfolgen, dass das Mittel beispielsweise mit einer IR-Lampe erwärmt wird, wobei das Mittel vorteilhafterweise eine geringere Verdampfungstemperatur als die flüssige Schicht aufweist.Subsequently, the applied agent is evaporated in a further step S18. This can be done, for example, solely by heating the means with an IR lamp, for example, wherein the means advantageously has a lower evaporation temperature than the liquid layer.
Weist das Mittel hingegen die Eigenschaft auf, dass es sich nach einer gewissen Zeit verflüchtigt, so kann das Verdampfen S18 auch lediglich darin bestehen, dass abgewartet wird, bis sich das Mittel verflüchtigt hat. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch erfolgen, dass das Werkstück vor einer Durchführung des nächsten Verfahrensschrittes auf einem Bandtransport befördert wird, wobei dieser Bandtransport in seiner Länge, Transportgeschwindigkeit und Umgebungstemperatur so ausgelegt ist, dass ein Verdampfen S18 während des Transports ermöglicht wird.If, on the other hand, the agent has the property that it evaporates after a certain time, the vaporization S18 can also merely consist in waiting until the agent has volatilized. This can be done, for example, by conveying the workpiece on a belt conveyor before carrying out the next method step, this belt conveyor being designed in its length, transport speed and ambient temperature so as to permit evaporation S18 during transport.
Anschließend erfolgt in einem weiteren Schritt das Aushärten S16 der flüssigen und nun zumindest teilweise mattierten Schicht.Subsequently, in a further step, the curing S16 of the liquid and now at least partially frosted layer.
Dazu kann das Werkstück, insbesondere die flüssige Schicht, erneut mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung, welche aus derselben Strahlenquelle stammt, wie sie in Schritt S14 verwendet wurde, bestrahlt werden. Alternativ können auch weitere Strahlenquellen vorgesehen sein, oder weitere Aushärtungsarten, wie aktive oder passive Lufttrocknung, oder Bestrahlen mit Elektronenstrahlung erfolgen.For this purpose, the workpiece, in particular the liquid layer, can be irradiated again with electromagnetic radiation originating from the same radiation source as used in step S14. Alternatively, other sources of radiation may be provided, or other types of curing, such as active or passive air drying, or irradiation with electron radiation done.
Es ist eine Transportvorrichtung 20, welche als Bandtransport ausgebildet ist, gezeigt, auf der ein Werkstück 1 in Transportrichtung 28 transportiert wird. Auf der Oberseite des Werkstücks 1 ist eine flüssige Schicht 2 aufgetragen.It is a
Das Werkstück 1 wird im weiteren Transportverlauf in Transportrichtung 28 in eine Schutzgaskammer 24 transportiert. Diese weist eine Schutzgasatmosphäre, insbesondere eine Inertgasatmosphäre, beispielsweise eine Stickstoffatmosphäre, in ihrem Inneren 5 auf, wodurch insbesondere Sauerstoff von der flüssigen Schicht 2 ferngehalten werden kann, wodurch unerwünschte chemische Reaktionen vermieden werden.The
Weiterhin sind im Inneren 5 der Schutzgaskammer 24 digitale Druckköpfe 4 vorgesehen, die dazu ausgebildet sind, ein Mittel, das dazu ausgebildet ist, elektromagnetische Strahlung zumindest teilweise zu absorbieren, auf die flüssige Schicht 2 aufzubringen. Dies geschieht in der gezeigten Darstellung mittels Auftrag von Tröpfchen 3, wobei die digitalen Druckköpfe 4 dazu ausgebildet sind, die Tröpfchenabgabe insbesondere hinsichtlich Tröpfchengeschwindigkeit, -volumen sowie -impuls zu steuern.Furthermore, 24 inside the
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Auftrag des Mittels aus den digitalen Druckköpfen 4 auch in Form von feinen Tröpfchen 3a erfolgen, welche sich möglichst gleichmäßig auf der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 verteilen und insbesondere zu Teilflächen zusammenschließen.Alternatively or additionally, the application of the agent from the
Den digitalen Druckköpfen 4 ist eine Strahlenquelle 6 nachgeordnet, die dazu ausgebildet ist, elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a mit einer Wellenlänge von insbesondere weniger als 300 nm, vorzugsweise weniger als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 200 nm, auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht 2 abzustrahlen, um die oben beschriebene Mattierung zu erreichen.The
Weiterhin ist ein Steuermittel (nicht gezeigt) vorgesehen, welches dazu ausgebildet ist, die Vorrichtung 18 und ihre Elemente zu steuern, um das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren durchzuführen.Furthermore, a control means (not shown) is provided, which is designed to control the
Die hier dargestellten Ausführungsformen wirken nicht beschränkend auf den Gegenstand der Erfindung. Vielmehr sind weitere Ausführungsformen denkbar. So kann das in
Eine HDF-Platte wird mit einem weißen Druckgrund beschichtet. Die so beschichtete Platte wird einem Digitaldrucker (in einer alternativen Ausführungsform auch einer rotativen Druckmaschine mit mehreren Farben) zugeführt und dekorativ mit einem beispielsweise Holzdekor bedruckt. Auf diese so bedruckte dekorative Schicht kann in einer alternativen Ausführungsform noch eine Zwischenschicht an Lack oder Primer, idealerweise transparent, aufgetragen werden. Danach wird eine flüssige Schicht 2 mit einer Schichtstärke von 50-80 µm aufgetragen. Diese Schicht kann in einer Walzenauftragsmaschine oder in einer alternativen Ausführungsform auch in einer Spritzmaschine aufgetragen werden. Die Schicht besteht aus einem UV-härtenden Acrylatgemisch. Die so beschichtete HDF-Platte wird einer weiteren Druckstation zugeführt, in der aus digitalen Druckköpfen Tröpfchen 3 auf Teile der Oberfläche aufgesprüht werden. Diese Tröpfchen bestehen in der hier dargestellten Ausführungsform aus einem wässrigen Gemisch, beinhaltend insbesondere folgende KomponentenAn HDF plate is coated with a white printing substrate. The thus coated plate is fed to a digital printer (in an alternative embodiment also a rotary printing machine with several colors) and decoratively printed with a wood decor, for example. In an alternative embodiment, an intermediate layer of lacquer or primer, ideally transparent, can also be applied to this decorative layer printed in this way. Thereafter, a
In einer alternativen Ausführungsform können die Tröpfchen auch aus einer lösemittel- oder einer Acrylat-basierenden Flüssigkeit bestehen.In an alternative embodiment, the droplets can also consist of a solvent-based or an acrylate-based liquid.
Die Tröpfchen verändern an den Stellen, an denen Sie auftreffen, die Oberfläche der noch flüssigen Schicht dergestalt, dass sie durch hohe Geschwindigkeit von 4-6 m/sec. die noch flüssige Schicht 2 verdrängen.The droplets change at the places where you hit the surface of the still liquid layer in such a way that it can be reached by high speed of 4-6 m / sec. displace the still
Anschließend wird das Werkstück mit der so veränderten flüssigen Schicht 2 einer Strahlenquelle 6 zugeführt, welche elektromagnetische Strahlung 6a mit einer Wellenlänge von < 250 nm auf die Oberfläche abgibt. Diese elektromagnetische Strahlung wird zumindest teilweise von den Tröpfchen 3 absorbiert und trifft auf die darunterliegende Schicht 2. Diese Schicht 2 beginnt in ihrer Oberfläche zu polymerisieren und sich dadurch zu falten (vgl. Bezugszeichen 7 aus
Dadurch ergibt sich das gewünschte Produkt mit unterschiedlichen Glanzgraden bzw. Mattheiten in den Poren oder außerhalb der Poren. Anschließend wird das Werkstück noch einer weiteren UV-Strahlenquelle mit einer Wellenlänge > 300 nm zugeführt, um die darunterliegende, noch flüssige Schicht 2, insbesondere Acrylatschicht, vollständig auszuhärten.This results in the desired product with different degrees of gloss or mattness in the pores or outside the pores. Subsequently, the workpiece is fed to another UV radiation source with a wavelength> 300 nm in order to fully cure the underlying, still
Claims (15)
das Mittel auf die flüssige Schicht (2), insbesondere mittels eines Digitaldruckkopfes (4) oder eines Digital-Düsenbalkens, in Form von feinen Tröpfchen (3a) aufgesprüht und/oder in Form von Tröpfchen (3) aufgebracht wird, wobei die feinen Tröpfchen (3a) insbesondere ein Volumen von 0,1 pl bis 1 pl, vorzugsweise von 0,3 pl bis 0,8 pl, besonders bevorzugt von 0,5 bis 0,6 pl aufweisen, und/oder die Tröpfchen (3) insbesondere ein Volumen von 1 pl bis 80 pl, vorzugsweise von 3 pl bis 12 pl, besonders bevorzugt von 5 pl bis 10 pl aufweisen, und/oder
das Mittel in seinen chemischen und/oder physikalischen Eigenschaften dazu ausgebildet ist, um mindestens 10%, vorzugsweise mindestens 30%, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 50% einfallender elektromagnetischer Strahlung zu absorbieren.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that
the agent is sprayed onto the liquid layer (2), in particular by means of a digital print head (4) or a digital nozzle bar, in the form of fine droplets (3a) and / or applied in the form of droplets (3), the fine droplets ( 3a) in particular have a volume of from 0.1 pl to 1 pl, preferably from 0.3 pl to 0.8 pl, more preferably from 0.5 to 0.6 pl, and / or the droplets (3) have in particular one volume from 1 pl to 80 pl, preferably from 3 pl to 12 pl, more preferably from 5 pl to 10 pl, and / or
the agent in its chemical and / or physical properties is adapted to absorb at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 50% of incident electromagnetic radiation.
die Tröpfchen (3) und/oder die feinen Tröpfchen (3a) derart abgegeben werden, dass sie beim Auftreffen auf die Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht (2) in diese zumindest teilweise eindringen, und/oder auf dieser zum Liegen kommen und/oder diese verdrängen und Vertiefungen einbringen, wobei die Tröpfchen (3) und/oder die feinen Tröpfchen (3a) insbesondere in Volumen und/oder Geschwindigkeit angepasst werden, um die Eindringtiefe und die Verdrängung zu beeinflussen.A method according to claim 2, characterized in that
the droplets (3) and / or the fine droplets (3a) are dispensed in such a way that they at least partly penetrate into and / or come to rest on the surface of the liquid layer (2) and / or displace them and recesses, wherein the droplets (3) and / or the fine droplets (3a) are adapted in particular in volume and / or speed, in order to influence the penetration depth and the displacement.
das Ausbilden einer Mikrostruktur bzw. einer Nanostruktur durch das Bestrahlen (S14) der Oberfläche der flüssigen Schicht (2) mit der elektromagnetischen Strahlung in der Oberfläche der obersten Teilfläche der flüssigen Schicht (2) durchgeführt wird, welche in der späteren Verwendung des Werkstückes (1) Lichtreflexion streut und so einen optisch matteren Eindruck ergibt.Method according to one of the above claims, characterized in that
the formation of a microstructure or a nanostructure is carried out by the irradiation (S14) of the surface of the liquid layer (2) with the electromagnetic radiation in the surface of the uppermost partial surface of the liquid layer (2) which in the later use of the workpiece (1 ) Light reflection scatters and thus gives a visually duller impression.
die flüssige Schicht (2) aus einem polymerisationsfähigen Acrylatgemisch besteht, und/oder
das aufgebrachte Mittel aus einem polymerisationsfähigen Acrylatgemisch und/oder aus einer lösemittelhaltigen Flüssigkeit oder aus einem wässrigen Gemisch, insbesondere mit einem Wasseranteil von mehr als 30 %, bevorzugt mehr als 50 %, besteht.Method according to one of the above claims, characterized in that
the liquid layer (2) consists of a polymerizable acrylate mixture, and / or
the applied agent consists of a polymerizable acrylate mixture and / or of a solvent-containing liquid or of an aqueous mixture, in particular with a water content of more than 30%, preferably more than 50%.
in einem weiteren Schritt ein Aushärten (S16) der Schicht (2), vorzugsweise durch Bestrahlen mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung, mit einer Wellenlänge vorzugsweise größer 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt größer 300 nm, und/oder durch Bestrahlen mit Elektronenstrahlung und/oder durch aktive und/oder passive Trocknung und/oder durch Reaktionsaushärtung durch beispielsweise ein Zwei-Komponentensystem erfolgt.Method according to one of the above claims, characterized in that
in a further step, curing (S16) of the layer (2), preferably by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, having a wavelength preferably greater than 250 nm, more preferably greater than 300 nm, and / or by irradiation with electron radiation and / or by active and / or or passive drying and / or by reaction hardening by, for example, a two-component system.
das aufgebrachte Mittel nur aus Wasser besteht, oder neben Wasser mit einem gesamten Anteil von 10 - 99% mindestens einen der folgenden Inhaltsstoffe in der genannten Konzentration (Vol-%) aufweist:
the applied agent consists only of water or, in addition to water with a total content of 10-99%, has at least one of the following constituents in said concentration (% by volume):
das aufgebrachte Mittel so beschaffen ist, dass es, insbesondere nach dem Bestrahlen (S14), innerhalb von weniger als 3 Minuten, bevorzugt innerhalb von weniger als 1 Minute, besonders bevorzugt innerhalb weniger als eine halben Minute, verdampft, und/oder
dass ein weiterer Schritt (S18) vorgesehen ist, in dem die Verdampfung des Mittels innerhalb von weniger als 3 Minuten, bevorzugt innerhalb von weniger als 1 Minute, besonders bevorzugt innerhalb weniger als eine halben Minute, durchgeführt wird.Method according to one of the above claims, characterized in that
the applied agent is such that, especially after irradiation (S14), it evaporates within less than 3 minutes, preferably within less than 1 minute, more preferably within less than half a minute, and / or
in that a further step (S18) is provided in which the evaporation of the agent is carried out within less than 3 minutes, preferably within less than 1 minute, more preferably within less than half a minute.
das Mittel beim Auftreffen auf die Oberfläche der Schicht (2) mit dieser eine chemische Reaktion dergestalt eingeht, dass an den Stellen eine optische und/oder haptische Änderung der Oberfläche erfolgt, und/oder
dass ein chemischer Reaktionsschritt vorgesehen ist, der so ausgestaltet ist, dass der chemischen Reaktion zwischen dem aufgebrachten Mittel und der Schicht (2) genügend Zeit gegeben wird, dass die chemische Reaktion zumindest teilweise abläuft.Method according to one of the above claims, characterized in that
the agent, when hitting the surface of the layer (2), undergoes a chemical reaction with it in such a way that an optical and / or haptic change of the surface takes place at the points, and / or
that a chemical reaction step is provided, which is designed so that the chemical reaction between the applied agent and the layer (2) is given sufficient time that the chemical reaction proceeds at least partially.
das aufgebrachte Mittel beim Auftreffen auf die Schicht (2) mit dieser eine chemische Reaktion dergestalt eingeht, dass das Reaktionsprodukt an dieser Stelle durch das Bestrahlen (S14) keine oder eine geringere Mikro- bzw. Nanostrukturbildung erzielt als auf den Flächen, auf denen kein Mittel auf die Oberfläche aufgebracht wurde.Method according to one of the above claims, characterized in that
the applied agent when hitting the layer (2) undergoes a chemical reaction with it such that the reaction product at this point by the irradiation (S14) achieves no or less microstructure or nanostructure formation than on the surfaces on which no agent was applied to the surface.
in einem weiteren Schritt (S20) die flüssige Schicht (2) auf eine Oberfläche des Werkstücks (1) aufgetragen wird, und/oder
in einem weiteren insbesondere zeitgleich zu Schritt (S12) ausgeführten Schritt (S22) die Schicht (2) mittels eines analogen Strukturierungsverfahrens, insbesondere mit einer Prägewalze strukturiert wird, und/oder mittels analoger oder digitaler Verfahren mittels Aufbringen weiterer Strukturierungströpfchen verdrängt wird, wobei Vertiefungen in die Schicht (2) eingebracht werden, und/oder
in einem weiteren Schritt, insbesondere mittels Digitaldruck, ein Dekorbild auf die Oberfläche des Werkstücks (1) und/oder auf die Schicht (2), die zumindest teilweise ausgehärtet ist, oder welche eine durch Polymerisation verfestigte Oberfläche aufweist, aufgebracht wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
in a further step (S20), the liquid layer (2) is applied to a surface of the workpiece (1), and / or
in a further step (S22), which is carried out in particular simultaneously with step (S12), the layer (2) is structured by means of an analogous structuring method, in particular with an embossing roller, and / or displaced by means of analog or digital methods by applying further patterning droplets, depressions in the layer (2) are introduced, and / or
in a further step, in particular by means of digital printing, a decorative image is applied to the surface of the workpiece (1) and / or to the layer (2) which is at least partially cured, or which has a surface solidified by polymerization.
die Transportvorrichtung (20) ein Transportband aufweist und die Elemente nacheinander in der Transportrichtung (28) angeordnet sind, und/oder
die Abgabevorrichtung mindestens einen digitalen Digitaldruckkopf (4) oder einen Digital-Düsenbalken aufweist, der zur Abgabe des Mittels ausgebildet ist, und/oder
der Reaktionsbereich spezielle Randbedingungen aufweist, die zum Auslösen eines Verdampfens und/oder einer chemischen Reaktion nötig sind, und/oder
der Reaktionsbereich sich zumindest über einen Teil der Schutzgaskammer (24) erstreckt.Apparatus (18) according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein
the transport device (20) has a conveyor belt and the elements are arranged successively in the transport direction (28), and / or
the dispenser has at least one digital digital print head (4) or a digital nozzle bar designed to deliver the agent, and / or
the reaction region has special boundary conditions which are necessary for triggering an evaporation and / or a chemical reaction, and / or
the reaction area extends at least over part of the protective gas chamber (24).
Priority Applications (27)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL18157511T PL3415316T3 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-02-19 | Method and device for producing a structured surface |
EP23210461.2A EP4303021A3 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-02-19 | Method and device for producing a structured surface |
EP20155456.5A EP3666525B1 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-02-19 | Method and device for producing a structured surface |
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EP18161725.9A EP3415317B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-03-14 | Method and device for producing a decorative surface |
ES18162382T ES2787041T3 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-03-16 | Procedure and device for manufacturing a decorative workpiece and workpiece |
EP18162382.8A EP3415318B1 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-03-16 | Workpiece and method and device for forming a decorative workpiece |
PL18162382T PL3415318T3 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-03-16 | Workpiece and method and device for forming a decorative workpiece |
EP18168263.4A EP3415319B1 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-04-19 | Method and device for producing a decorative surface |
PL18168263T PL3415319T3 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-04-19 | Method and device for producing a decorative surface |
ES18168263T ES2781801T3 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-04-19 | Procedure and device for producing a decorative surface |
CN201880011317.1A CN110290925B (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | Method for producing a structured surface |
US16/494,307 US11141759B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | Method and apparatus for producing a decorative surface |
US16/494,309 US11420229B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | Method and apparatus for producing a decorative surface |
US16/494,308 US11511318B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | Method and apparatus for producing a decorative workpiece and workpiece |
CN202110406502.4A CN113212020B (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | Method for producing a structured surface |
CN201880009862.7A CN110267813B (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | Device and method for producing a decorative surface |
PCT/EP2018/065731 WO2018229164A1 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | Method and device for producing a decorative surface |
PCT/EP2018/065737 WO2018229169A1 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | Method and device for producing a decorative workpiece and workpiece |
PCT/EP2018/065738 WO2018229170A1 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | Method for producing a structured surface |
US16/494,310 US11883843B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | Method for producing a structured surface |
PCT/EP2018/065734 WO2018229167A1 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | Method and device for producing a decorative surface |
US17/322,966 US20210268542A1 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2021-05-18 | Method for producing a structured surface |
US17/467,316 US20210394232A1 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2021-09-06 | Method and apparatus for producing a decorative surface |
US17/883,623 US11717850B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2022-08-09 | Method and apparatus for producing a decorative workpiece and workpiece |
US17/883,626 US11717851B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2022-08-09 | Method and apparatus for producing a decorative workpiece and workpiece |
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DE102017113035.7A DE102017113035B4 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2017-06-13 | Method and device for producing a decorative surface |
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EP20155456.5A Division-Into EP3666525B1 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-02-19 | Method and device for producing a structured surface |
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EP (4) | EP4303021A3 (en) |
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ES (5) | ES2971866T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE050387T2 (en) |
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