Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/1313—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells specially adapted for a particular application
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
  • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
  • B32B17/10504—Liquid crystal layer
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
  • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
  • G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
  • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
  • E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
  • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
  • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
  • E06B3/667—Connectors therefor
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
  • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
  • E06B3/677—Evacuating or filling the gap between the panes ; Equilibration of inside and outside pressure; Preventing condensation in the gap between the panes; Cleaning the gap between the panes
  • E06B3/6775—Evacuating or filling the gap during assembly
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/133302—Rigid substrates, e.g. inorganic substrates
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1341—Filling or closing of cells

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of electrically controllable glazings with variable optical properties and more particularly relates to a liquid crystal variable diffusion glazing, provided with a layer of liquid crystals between two glasses and reversibly alternating by application of an electric field. alternative between a transparent state and a non-transparent state.
• Glazes are known whose characteristics can be modified under the effect of a suitable power supply, especially the transmission, absorption, reflection in certain wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the visible and / or in the infrared, or the light diffusion.
• the electrically controllable liquid crystal glazing can be used everywhere, in both the construction sector and the automotive sector, whenever the view through the glazing is to be prevented at given times.
• WO9805998 discloses a liquid crystal multiple glazing unit comprising:
• the glasses are pressed by passing between two rollers to distribute the liquid crystal layer by evacuating trapped air as shown in Figure 3.
• this glazing can be improved.
• such a glazing is expensive, heavy, bulky, especially difficult to handle.
• An object of the invention is to develop a multiple crystal glazing reliable liquids, with satisfactory optical performance and preferably compact.
• the present invention firstly proposes a multiple glazing with variable diffusion by liquid crystals, having:
• first and second sheets of float plane glass held at the edges of their internal faces by a seal, in particular a given seal material, in particular essentially organic material,
• first and second electrodes in the form of transparent electrically conductive layers provided with power supply,
• liquid crystal layer reversibly alternating between a transparent state and a translucent state by application of an alternating electric field, layer of average thickness E between 5 and 15 ⁇ including 5 ⁇ and excluding 15 ⁇ ; and preferably 8 ⁇ , better 10 ⁇ to 14 ⁇ , liquid crystal layer incorporating spacers, especially transparent.
• Each of the first and second sheets of glass has a thickness less than or equal to 6.5 mm and each of the internal faces coated with the first and second electrodes has a dioptric defects rating, expressed in millidioptrie (or mdt), less than or equal to 2 + 2E, where the thickness E of liquid crystals is in ⁇ .
• the Applicant has discovered the relationship between the quality of the glasses and the optical performance of multiple liquid crystal glazing with a particularly low liquid crystal thickness.
• the thickness of the first glass sheet may be different from or equal to the thickness of the second glass sheet.
• the requirement on the rating of dioptric defects is valid for each.
• FIG. 1 shows, as comparative glazing, an assembly of two standard thin glasses 10, 20, for example 1, 7 mm, facing each other, forming a space between them containing a layer of liquid crystals. thickness lowered to 12 ⁇ . the inner surfaces 11 ', 21' have flatness defects, the liquid crystal thickness is variable. In the "off" state (translucent state), the light transmission, closely related to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, is therefore non-uniform. The quality of the product is therefore unacceptable, because of the dark and clear areas visually observable.
• the coated glasses In order to guarantee good optical uniformity, the coated glasses must therefore have limited dioptric defects.
• the glasses according to the invention ensure a sufficiently uniform thickness of the liquid crystal layer over the entire surface and therefore few variations in optical performance. This avoids a scrap rate of glazing and thus improves its reliability.
• each glass sheet (coated or uncoated) in question can be described by y (x) where x denotes the position on the internal face.
• the variation of this profile can be characterized by the optical power in reflection POR which is defined by the following relation:
• This quantity is expressed in diopter (m "1 ) for y (x) expressed in meters.
• the second derivative y "(x) is zero, it means that the internal face of the glass is perfectly flat, if the second derivative is less than 0 it means that the inner face of the glass is concave of the glass and if the second derivative is greater at 0 it means that the inner face of the glass is convex.
• the method for measuring the flatness y (x) of the internal face of the glass is a non-contact optical measurement method which consists of analyzing the contrast at any point of a so-called ombroscopic image obtained by reflection of a homogeneous light source on the inner surface of the glass.
• the unmeasured outer face of the glass sheet is wetted with a liquid of index close to that of the glass in order to eliminate any reflection of the light on this face and keep only the image of the directly illuminated inner face.
• the final flatness is quantified by a rating of dioptric defects, which corresponds to the standard deviation of all measurements. This note, expressed in millidioptrie (mdt), perfectly characterizes the flatness of the measured surface. The note increases when the flatness deteriorates.
• the amplitude of the variation of y (x) also depends on the periodicity or pitch.
• a dioptric defect of 10 mdt corresponds to a profile variation of approximately +/- 0.20 ⁇ " ⁇ .
• the variation of space of an assembly of two sheets of glasses is then doubled, of approximately +/- 0.40 ⁇ .
• the same dioptric defect of 10 mdt corresponds to a profile variation of +/- 0.05 ⁇ , and the variation of the thickness E of liquid crystals is therefore +/- 0.10 ⁇ in the worst case.
• the dioptric flaw pitch of a float glass sheet covers a range of a few millimeters to a few tens of millimeters. Being closely related to the uniformity of the liquid crystal thickness E, the uniformity of light transmission in "off" state is the consequence of all the dioptric defects at all steps.
• the uniformity of light transmission in "off" state is also conditioned by the average thickness E of CL.
• the dioptric defects of float glass are mainly related to the speed of movement of the glass (taken from the line). The faster the glass scroll speed, the greater the dioptric defects. For a capacity (or tonnage, daily) and a given gross glass width, the speed of glass scroll is inversely proportional to the thickness of the glass sheet. Thus, the thinner the glass sheet, the higher the glass scroll speed and the greater the dioptric defects.
• the invention allows us for example to use a thickness as small as possible while guaranteeing the optical quality of the final product. For example, one can choose 2 mm glasses provided that these glasses are produced with a firing sufficiently low to guarantee the limitation of dioptric defects.
• the glass of the first and / or second glass sheet may preferably have a light transmission T L greater than or equal to 70%, preferably greater than or equal to 80% or even 90%.
• the glass is preferably transparent and colorless.
• Clear glass typically contains a weight content of iron oxide in the range of 0.05 to 0.2%, while extra clear glass typically contains about 0.005 to 0.03% iron oxide.
• the glass of the first and / or second glass sheet may, however, be dyed in the mass by appropriate dyes, for example blue, green, gray or bronze. It is generally preferred that the glass has a color in transmission as neutral as possible, especially in gray. It is particularly possible to use the range of tinted glasses marketed under the name PARSOL (bronze, green or gray) by the company SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS.
• PARSOL bronze, green or gray
• the glass in particular stained glass, may preferably have a light transmission T L greater than or equal to 10% - for example in a context where the medium on the side of the outer face (opposite to the face with the electrode) is very bright - and preferably is greater than or equal to 40%.
• Float glass is obtained in a known manner by a process of pouring the molten glass on a bath of molten tin ("float" bath).
• the electrode can be deposited on the "tin" face as well as on the face
• Atmosphere of the glass.
• atmosphere and tin faces are meant the faces having respectively been in contact with the atmosphere prevailing in the float bath and in contact with the molten tin.
• the tin side contains a small surface amount of tin that has diffused into the glass structure.
• the electrode layer (s) has no significant influence on dioptric defects.
• the glass coated with an electrode layer will also be suitable.
• the electrode layer (s) is for example:
• a stack of layers comprising at least one (thin) layer of silver between two (thin) dielectric layers (non-dielectric dielectric) metallic, typically oxide or metal nitride),
• TCO transparent conductive oxide layer
• the TCO layer is preferably a layer of tin oxide and indium (ITO).
• ITO indium
• IZO indium zinc oxide
• IGZO indium gallium and zinc oxide
• doped zinc oxide preferably gallium or aluminum oxide (AZO, GZO), based on niobium-doped titanium oxide, based on cadmium stannate or zinc,
• dielectric sublayers dielectric in the non-metallic sense, typically oxide or metal nitride
• TCO layer underlayer directly on the glass
• dielectric overcoats dielectric in the non-metallic sense, typically oxide or metal nitride
• the TCO layer overlayer in contact with the liquid crystal layer
• An underlayer or an overlayer is for example a thin layer (typically less than 150 nm).
• the electrode in layer (s) (in particular a stack of thin layers, in particular with underlayer (s) and / or overlayer (s)) is preferably deposited by vacuum deposition (physical vapor deposition "PVD”, chemical vapor deposition “CVD” etc.). Deposition by sputtering (magnetron) is preferred.
• the electrode layer (s) (including a stack of thin layers, in particular with underlayer (s) and / or overlayer (s)) therefore has no significant influence on dioptric defects. Also if a "naked" float glass is suitable, float glass coated with such layers will also be suitable. Of course, for the sake of simplicity and economy, it is preferred to select suitable float glasses rather than having to smooth (polish, etc.) any glass obtained by another manufacturing process.
• the invention also makes it possible to produce multiple liquid crystal glazings with a width greater than 1 m.
• each of the first and second sheets of glass has a thickness of between 4.5 mm and and 5.5mm including these values, in particular 4 ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ " ⁇ , 5 ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ which are conventional thicknesses,
• each of the first and second sheets has a thickness between 2.5 mm and 5.5 mm including these values, in particular 3 ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ " ⁇ , 4 ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ and 5 ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ " ⁇ , in particular by production on a Float line with a capacity of at least 550 tonnes / day and preferably limited to 900 tonnes / day.
• the seal is of given width L and can preferably be interrupted in its width by one or more vents defining each of the lateral ends of the seal, and for each vent an additional material forms a bridge between the lateral ends of the seal, in particular in said joint material thus forming continuity of material.
• the seal serving for sealing is continuous.
• the joint of such a multiple liquid crystal glazing With one or more vents - supplemented by an additional material - interrupting according to the invention the joint of such a multiple liquid crystal glazing, the optical performance (in the off state) is improved, notably by participating in the edge zones. the liquid crystal layer to uniformly distribute the liquid crystal layer.
• a liquid crystal variable liquid crystal multiple multiple glazing having:
• first and second flat glass sheets held at the edges of their internal faces by a joint, in particular a given joint material, with one or more vents, supplemented by an additional material;
• first and second electrodes in the form of transparent electrically conductive layers provided with power supply,
• a layer containing liquid crystals in polymeric material reversibly alternating between a transparent state and a translucent state by application of an alternating electric field, average thickness E between 5 and 15 ⁇ or even 15 to 60 ⁇ ,
• the glazing multiple liquid crystal is coupled to the glazing multiple liquid crystal with the thin liquid crystal layer as defined above and with the glasses as defined above each having a limited diopter note.
• NCAP Non-Homogeneous Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Display
• These may further contain dichroic dyes, especially in solution in the liquid crystal droplets. It is then possible to modulate the light scattering and the light absorption of the systems.
• cholesteric liquid crystal-based gels containing a small amount of crosslinked polymer such as those described in patent WO-92/19695. More broadly, one can choose "PSCT” (Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Texture in English).
• bistable smectic liquid crystals for example as detailed in patent EP2256545, which switch under the application of an alternating electric field in pulsed form and which remain in the switched state until the application of a new pulse.
• the liquid crystal system may extend substantially over the entire surface of the glazing (excluding outgassing), or on (at least) a restricted area.
• the liquid crystal system may be discontinuous, in several pieces (for example of the pixel type).
• liquid crystal variable diffusion multiple glazing as previously defined as glazing in vehicles or buildings.
• the glazing according to the invention can be used in particular:
• the glazing according to the invention can form all or part of a partition and other window (type transom etc.).
• the spacers may preferably be made of a transparent plastic material.
• the spacers determine (roughly) the thickness of the liquid crystal layer.
• PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
• the spacers are preferably in terms of optical index (substantially) equal to the optical index of (the matrix of) the liquid crystal layer.
• the spacers are for example in the form of beads.
• the subject of the invention is also a process for producing a liquid crystal variable diffusion multiple glazing unit as defined above and comprising the following steps:
• the formation of the seal comprising the application of the seal material (preferably essentially organic, in particular epoxy resin) to the first float glass sheet (at the edge) provided with the first electrode,
• the seal material preferably essentially organic, in particular epoxy resin
• vents are positioned facing a first sheet edge (straight or curved sheet) and preferably at least two other vents facing a second edge opposite the first edge, these edges corresponding to the edges of the calendering direction, in case of calendering.
• vents are positioned next to a third edge of the sheet adjacent to the first edge (and to the second edge) and to the minus two other vents next to a fourth edge opposite the third edge.
• the method may further comprise the application of the additional material, forming a bridge between the lateral ends of the seal.
• the additional material may be of said seal material thus forming continuity of material, preferably essentially organic, especially epoxy resin.
• the width between the lateral ends of the seal may be at least 5 mm, for example 10 mm.
• FIG. 1 (already described) represents a schematic sectional view of a reference liquid crystal variable diffusion multiple glazing, not in accordance with the invention
• FIG. 2 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of a variable-liquid crystal variable diffusion multiple glazing of a small thickness in a first embodiment according to the invention
• FIG. 3 shows the circuit diagram of the measurement of the dioptric fault score
• FIG. 4 shows the principle of forming an ombroscopic image on a screen from a flatness profile of the glass Y (x),
• FIG. 5 shows an example of local illumination profile E (x) and average illumination E0 (x),
• FIG. 6 represents a schematic top view of a variable-liquid crystal variable-diffusion glazing unit according to the invention showing in particular the seal and the vents,
• FIG. 6bis shows a schematic top view of the multiple liquid crystal variable diffusion glazing, showing in particular and the seal and the vents, in a variant of FIG.
• FIG. 7 shows a schematic top view of the manufacture of multiple glazing liquid crystal variable diffusion according to the invention showing in particular the seal and the vents.
• FIG. 2 shows the design of the multiple liquid crystal glazing according to the invention in a first embodiment.
• ITO indium oxide and tin
• the layer 5 of liquid crystals which may have a thickness of about 5 to 15 ⁇ (excluded), is located between the electrode layers 3 and 4.
• the thickness is preferably at least 8 ⁇ and even 10 ⁇ (about).
• the liquid crystal layer 5 contains spherical spacers.
• the spacers 6 consist of a transparent polymer.
• glasses 1, 1 ' are chosen with their electrodes 3, 4 each with a dioptric defects score that complies with to the invention, note measured by ombroscopy in reflection.
• the basic principle is related to geometrical optics.
• the diagram of the assembly is shown in FIG.
• a light flux is projected from a thin source, such as a projector 100, onto the face of the glass sheet 11 (coated or not with the electrode) intended to be the internal face.
• a screen 300 is observed an image projected after reflection on the inner face 1 1 of the glass sheet. This image is captured by a digital camera 200 to be processed.
• the reflection on the second face 12 is neutralized through the use of a wet black fabric placed behind the glass 1 and on which is sticking the glass by capillarity.
• FIG. 4 gives the principle of forming an ombroscopic image on the screen 300 from a flatness profile of the glass Y (x). A concave zone on the glass
• Convergent defect causes a concentration of the reflected incident light 1 10 and thus a local over-illumination on the screen 300.
• a convex zone on the glass causes a spreading of the reflected incident light 120 and therefore a sub - local illumination on the screen 300.
• FIG. 5 shows an example of local illumination profile E (x) and average illumination E0 (x).
• the contrast corresponds to the visual perception of the "lineage” (here dashed since we consider a profile and not a surface) found on the ombroscopic image projected on the screen.
• a processing software calculates for each pixel of the image, the contrast and therefore the optical power in reflection POR.
• the dioptric fault score (in millidioptria) reflects the homogeneity of the optical powers and is in fact the standard deviation ⁇ of the distribution of the optical powers in reflection on the int face.
• the 2.1 mm glass rating is less than 22 mt
• the note of the glass of 6 mm is less than or equal to 5 mdt approximately.
• liquid crystal layer it is also possible to use known compounds, for example the compounds described in document US Pat. No. 5,691,795.
• this product is mixed in a 10: 2 ratio with a chiral substance, for example 4-cyano-4 '- (2-methyl) butylbiphenyl, and this mixture is mixed in the ratio : 0.3 with a monomer, for example 4,4'-bisacryloylbiphenyl, and with a UV initiator, for example benzoin methyl ether.
• the mixture thus prepared is applied to one of the coated glass sheets. After curing the liquid crystal layer by irradiation with UV light, a polymer network is formed in which the liquid crystals are incorporated.
• PDLCs such as 4 - ((4-ethyl-2,6-difluorophenyl) -ethinyl) -4'-propylbiphenyl and 2-fluoro-4,4'-bis ( trans-4-propylcyclohexyl) biphenyl sold, for example, by Merck under the reference MDA-00-3506.
• the liquid crystal layer is sealed by an adhesive seal 5 which serves at the same time to connect the glass sheets 1, 1 'endowed with the electrodes firmly and permanently.
• the seal adhesive material contains an epoxy resin.
• the seal 7 is of width L given and interrupted in its width by a plurality of vents 81 to 84 defining each of the joint lateral ends 71 to 74 '.
• the joint 7 is interrupted in its width by two vents 81 to 82 opposite a first edge of the glazing and by two other vents 83, 84 facing a second edge opposite the first edge, these edges corresponding to the edges of the assembly direction of the glasses, preferably by calendering.
• this liquid crystal glazing 100 is translucent, that is to say it transmits optically but n is not transparent. As soon as the current is connected, the liquid crystal layer passes under the action of the alternating electric field in the transparent state, that is to say the one in which the vision is not prevented.
• the electrically controllable liquid crystal glazing is produced using a method described in detail hereinafter.
• Two separate glass sheets of equal size and size desired are cut from a large sheet of glass coated in this manner and prepared for further processing.
• the two separate glass sheets cut to the desired measurements first undergo a washing operation.
• the liquid crystal layer mixed with the spacers is then applied to one of the two glass sheets thus treated.
• the edge portion of the glass sheet 1 is not coated to a width of about 2 to 10 mm.
• the coating by the mass of liquid crystals is carried out by means of an operation called drip filling.
• a drip pouring apparatus is used which allows the deposition of drops of liquid crystals on a glass substrate, the poured amount being finely adjustable.
• a screen printing fabric of a mesh whose width is approximately 20 to 50 ⁇ and whose wire diameter is approximately 30 to 50 ⁇ .
• the adhesive layer forming the gasket 7 is likewise applied directly along the edge of the glass sheet 24 before or after the deposition of the liquid crystal layer. It may have a width for example of 2 to 10 mm.
• vents 81 to 84 of the size and distribution joint adapted to evacuate the excess liquid crystal layer, the vents 81 to 84 each defining two lateral ends. adjacent 71 to 74 'of joint 7.
• the application of the joint material is either discontinuous or is continuous and then followed by a creation of the vents (by removal of material 7).
• the adhesive layer 7 is compressed to the thickness E of the liquid crystal layer.
• Vents 81 to 84 serve therefore:
• At least two vents are preferably positioned on the front edge of the calendering and at least two vents on the rear edge of the calendering.
• the width of the lateral ends is an example of 10 mm.
• the polymerization operation is then carried out by irradiation with UV light.

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• 2011
  • 2011-12-29 FR FR1162540A patent/FR2985327B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2012
  • 2012-12-27 JP JP2014549522A patent/JP2015503774A/ja active Pending
  • 2012-12-27 US US14/369,564 patent/US9891454B2/en active Active
  • 2012-12-27 CA CA2861730A patent/CA2861730C/en active Active
  • 2012-12-27 WO PCT/FR2012/053088 patent/WO2013098527A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2012-12-27 MX MX2014007907A patent/MX369476B/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2012-12-27 CN CN201280065358.1A patent/CN104106000A/zh active Pending
  • 2012-12-27 KR KR1020147020840A patent/KR20140108315A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2012-12-27 EP EP12824701.2A patent/EP2798399A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

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