Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
  • H02K1/185—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures to outer stators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/08—Salient poles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K3/00—Details of windings
  • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K3/00—Details of windings
  • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
  • H02K3/325—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation for windings on salient poles, such as claw-shaped poles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K3/00—Details of windings
  • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
  • H02K3/52—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
  • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
  • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
  • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
  • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
  • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
  • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
  • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine

Definitions

• Pole shoe of a generator preferably a generator of a wind turbine
• the present invention relates to a pole piece, in particular a pole piece of a generator.
• a pole piece is a member made of a high permeability material such as iron.
• the pole piece serves to let out and distribute the magnetic field lines of a permanent magnet or a winding in a defined form.
• the magnetic exciter field is distributed by a pole piece in a circular segment on the armature.
• the course of the flux density is homogenized along the armature circulation.
• the stator have pole pieces, but also the armature of DC motors or the rotor (rotor) of turbogenerators.
• the pole pieces of electrically excited AC / AC machines and the armature of DC motors are thereby i. Gen. laminated in order to avoid Wrbelstromlage.
• Object of the present invention is to develop a pole piece, in particular a generator, in particular a generator of a wind turbine, in mechanical and / or thermal terms.
• a pole piece in particular a generator, with the features of claim 1, claim 5 and claim 7, a generator with the features of claim 1 1 and a wind turbine with the features of claim 12.
• a pole piece in particular a generator, provided with a Polpa- ket, which is executed laminated, at least one winding which is arranged around the Polvol around, and a body which penetrates the laminated Polvolon in the longitudinal direction and the plurality of transverse Engagement points, preferably at most three transversely directed engagement points, in each of which a holding means can engage to secure the pole piece on a substrate, in particular the rotor or stator of a generator.
• the advantage here is that the number of attachment points of the pole piece can be reduced to the ground. These joints have a disturbing effect on the substrate, since it must have corresponding holes, bolts, screws or the like.
• the design of the substrate is limited by the specification of the attachment points of the pole piece.
• preferably at most three engagement points are provided in the pole pack of the pole piece.
• the ground can be designed more freely and the pole piece can be mounted there with less effort.
• a cooling in the ground better act on the pole piece, since the heat transfer is disturbed by fewer attachment points.
• the cooling can be arranged in or under the ground closer to the pole piece, since it is disturbed by fewer attachment points less in their arrangement.
• preferably three engagement points may be provided in the pole pack, but it may also be particularly preferred to provide only two engagement points or a single point of engagement.
• the at most three engagement points are provided at the ends and optionally in the middle of the pole packet. This can be a Stable attachment of Polvols can be achieved with a few intervention points and fasteners.
• the maximum of three engagement points are provided so that heat can be emitted from the pole piece to at least one cooling area in the underground, in particular in the rotor or stator of a generator, via the surfaces of the pole shoe between the engagement points.
• the points of engagement of the Polvols in conjunction with a cooling in the underground improved cooling of the pole piece can be achieved.
• the retaining means are screws, in particular of the thickness M24. By these screws can be done easily attachment. Also, secure fastenings can be achieved by using stronger screws such as M24 screws.
• the present invention also relates to a pole piece, in particular a generator, with a Polvol that is executed laminated, at least one winding, which is arranged around the Polvol around, and an insulation means, which is arranged between the Polither and the winding.
• the insulation means creates an adhesive bond between the pole package and the winding.
• the use of the insulating means as an adhesive bond leads to a secure hold of the winding relative to the pole package, so that, for example, occurring in the rotor of a generator centrifugal forces on the pole piece less can lead to a shift of the windings against the Polither.
• the insulation means comprises a fiber composite material and / or a glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP).
• GRP glass fiber reinforced plastic
• Such insulation means are flexible, stable and resilient.
• Fiber composite materials or glass fiber reinforced plastics (GRP) are non-conductive and thus serve for electrical insulation. They are thermally well conductive and can then pass the heat from the windings in the sheets when used as insulation means in a pole piece, from where the heat can then be derived by cooling measures.
• fiber composite or glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) may be soaked by adhesive or coated with adhesive to produce an adhesive bond between the windings and the laminated core of the pole piece.
• the fiber composite material comprises meta-aramid fibers. Such fibers are also known as Nomex or Kevlar. These fibers are very stable with a comparatively low weight and a small thickness compared to materials which are conventionally used as insulation means.
• the present invention also relates to a pole piece, in particular a generator, having a pole pack that is laminated, at least one package disposed around the pile package, and at least one end piece disposed between at least one end of the pile pack in the longitudinal direction between the pile package and winding is provided.
• the tail has rounded edges to provide an edge-to-edge transition between tail and pole package for the toilet.
• the tail and / or a side piece is concave, i. domed, adapted to receive the winding in the valley of the concavity. This makes it possible to walk up the toilet, e.g. avoided or reduced by attacking centrifugal forces.
• the end piece and / or the side piece has at least one protruding edge which runs parallel to the winding. As a result of this edge, it is alternatively or additionally possible to avoid traveling up the walls beyond the upper edge of the pile packet.
• the end piece is provided on an element mounted on the Polither.
• this element a connection between the outermost sheet of Polvols and a compound of the sheets in the longitudinal direction, which in turn can be smoothly and flush terminated by the tail to ensure a smooth surface against the insulation means and the Wcklung.
• the end piece also acts electrically insulating, as it defines a distance between the windings and the Polither. Preferably, a distance of 20 mm must be provided by the end piece in order to avoid leakage currents.
• Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a pole piece in an assembled state
• Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of a pole piece in the form of an exploded drawing
• Fig. 3 shows a perspective sectional view of the pole piece in the form of an exploded drawing
• Fig. 4 is a perspective sectional view of the pole piece in the assembled state
• Fig. 5 shows a first perspective detail view of one end of the pole piece
• Fig. 6 shows a second perspective detail view of one end of the pole piece
• Fig. 7 shows a third perspective detail view of one end of the pole piece
• Fig. 8 shows a fourth perspective detail view of one end of the pole piece
• FIG. 9 shows a perspective detailed view of an edge rounding from the front in a first embodiment
• Fig. 10 is a perspective detail view of an edge rounding from the rear in the first embodiment
• Fig. 11a shows a perspective detailed view of an edge rounding 1 from the front in a second embodiment
• Fig. 11b shows a plan view of an edge rounding 1 in the second embodiment
• Fig. 1 c shows a front view of an edge rounding 1 in the second embodiment
• Fig. 1 d shows a detailed view of an edge rounding 1 in the second embodiment.
• Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a pole piece in an assembled state.
• the upper portion of the Polvols 4 can be seen, which is enclosed by a winding 6 or a plurality of windings 6.
• the upper ends of the respective end piece 1 can be seen.
• the pole piece is shown attached to a substrate 9.
• the substrate 9 may be, for example, the rotor or stator of a generator.
• Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of a pole piece in the form of an exploded drawing.
• Fig. 3 shows a perspective sectional view of the pole piece in the form of an exploded view.
• Fig. 4 shows a perspective sectional view of the pole piece in the assembled state.
• the interior of the pole piece is formed by a plurality of sheets, which together form the iron core of the pole piece in the form of Polvols 4. Due to the lathed design of the pole piece, eddy currents within the pole piece can be avoided or at least reduced. In this case, the sheets are joined together in the longitudinal direction A to form the pile package 4. At its upper edge, i. On its side facing away from the substrate 9, the pole package 4 is designed with a projection which protrudes laterally beyond the windings 6 in order to hold them in the radial direction with respect to the substrate 9.
• a U-shaped side piece 5 is further shown, which can be provided between the Polvol 4 and the windings 6.
• the side piece 5 is U-shaped, ie with two angled edges at the top and bottom, designed to also project laterally beyond the windings 6 and to keep them in the radial direction with respect to the substrate 9. In this case, only the upper edge of the U-shaped side piece 5 is required to counteract radial centrifugal forces, which is why the U-shaped side piece 5 could be designed to be L-shaped, ie with an angled edge above.
• protrusion protruding beyond the windings 6 can be formed either by the upper edge of the pile package 4 or by the upper edge of the U-shaped side piece 5, or both elements 4, 5 can be jointly provided with corresponding protrusions.
• Around the napped Polvol 4 around an insulating means is provided.
• the winding 6 is arranged around the insulating means.
• the insulating means electrically isolates the Polvolon 4 and the Wcklung 6 against each other.
• the insulation means can contribute to a good heat transfer from the current-carrying coils 6 to the pole packet 4 and support the stability of the windings 6 with respect to the pole packet 4 as adhesive insulating material, ie additionally or alternatively to the upper edges of the pole packet 4 and / or the upper Edge of the side piece 5 counteract radial forces.
• the insulating means is not shown in the illustration of FIG. 2, but its arrangement and configuration of the U-shaped side piece 5 to completely isolate the Wcklung 6 from the substrate 9 and the Polvol 4, the heat transfer from the windings 6 to To ensure ground 9 and the Polvol 4 and to improve the stability of the windings 6 relative to the Polvol 4.
• This bolt 7 is passed in the longitudinal direction A through the sheets of Polvols 4 to hold the sheets together.
• the bolt 7 protrudes at the two ends of the Polvols 4 on the sheets out to engage in at least one of the elements 1, 2, 3, see Fig. 5 to 11 d.
• the bolt 7 can also be designed so that the ends flush with the outermost sheets of the Polvols 4 at both or at least one end.
• the bolt 7 should therefore be referred to below as a longitudinal bolt 7.
• engagement points are provided in the longitudinal bolt 7.
• the corresponding sheets of Polvols 4 recesses.
• the pole piece shown has a longitudinal bolt 7 with at most three transversely directed engagement points.
• two engagement points can be arranged near the two ends of the pole piece such that the two engagement points are spaced as far as possible from each other and the transverse pin 8 can engage securely in the longitudinal bolt 7.
• a third transverse pin 8 can engage in a third engagement point which is provided approximately centrally in the longitudinal direction A in the longitudinal bolt 7. In this way, the largest possible distances between the cross bolt 8 are possible.
• the pole shoe has a direct contact with the substrate 9 via the corresponding side of the pole packet 4, so that direct heat conduction from the pole shoe into the substrate 9 takes place.
• This heat can be caused, for example, by the currents 6 flowing through the current and thereby reach dimensions such that this heat must be dissipated as well as possible in order to avoid overheating and damage to the pole piece.
• a cooling in the substrate 9 may be provided, which preferably runs directly under the contact areas, i. which extends between the cross bolt 8.
• the attachment can be achieved by means of For example, only three screws as a cross pin 8 done, but can be performed to achieve the same fastening security as M24 screws.
• this reduction of the transverse bolts 8 is possible only with constant stability of the attachment, because the sheets of Polvols 4 by the L Lucassbol- zen 7 in the longitudinal direction A are held together.
• a means for improving the heat conduction such as a thermal paste.
• the sheets of the pile pack 4 are connected to one another via a weld seam on the underside, ie the side of the pile pack 4 resting on the base 9.
• a corresponding recess is provided in the sheets or introduced into the composite sheets of Polvolvol 4.
• the welding material is introduced, that is applied. If this weld is used in addition to the longitudinal bolt 7 according to the invention, then an air-filled intermediate space can form in this recess between the welding material and the substrate 9, which deteriorates the heat conduction between the pile package 4 and the substrate 9.
• this space is to be filled with a means for improving the heat conduction, such as a thermal paste, in order to avoid a thermally insulating effect of the air trapped in the recess.
• a material which has a fiber composite material or a glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) is used as insulation material in the pole shoe.
• This material can be provided with an adhesive to produce in this way an adhesive bond between the Polither 4 and the winding 6.
• the isolation means is to be provided such that it ensures on the one hand the electrical insulation and a good thermal conductivity between the Polither 4 and the winding 6.
• an insulating means which has a good thermal conductivity in order to best transfer the heat of the heat 6 caused by the exciting current to the polar packet 4 via the insulating means, so that the heat from there, e.g. can be removed via the substrate 9 and its cooling from the pole piece.
• a thermal compound or the like between PolDP 4 and insulation means and or or between see insulating means and winding 6 are provided.
• a fiber composite material is used as insulating means, which consists for example of aramid fibers.
• Aramid fibers are fibers of aramids or aromatic polyamides (polyaramides). These are sold, for example, under the brand names "Nomex” and “Kevlar” by DuPont. These fibers include meta-aramid fibers, which are specifically used for fire protection.
• aramid paper An application of these aramid fibers as aramid paper is the use as electrical insulation eg in electric motors or as layer insulation in transformers.
• This Paper is very thin and at the same time very stable. Due to its paper properties, for example, it can be impregnated with resin such as epoxy or even coated with adhesive to obtain an adhesive surface.
• an insulating agent can be created by means of an aramid paper, which can withstand high mechanical loads at low thickness and low weight and can be provided at the same time adhesive.
• shear forces can occur due to the changing centrifugal forces which can act on the winding 6 at different generator rotational speeds, which must be absorbed by the insulating means.
• Such a slightly conductive connection can lead to flashovers between Polvol 4 and winding 6, which would then expand the connection, so that the isolation would no longer exist. Therefore, a material such as the aramid paper is advantageous as an insulating material, the mechanical stability of a suitable thickness of the insulating material can withstand such punctual and sharp loads such as welding picks.
• the PolDP 4 of the pole piece is made of sheets. These sheets can be held together by the longitudinal bolt 7 or via other measures and means.
• the aramid paper is to be cut in order to be adapted to the geometry of the pile packet 4 and of the winding 6.
• the aramid paper is impregnated with the resin or coated with an adhesive and allowed to dry if necessary, so that the resin or the adhesive adheres in or to the paper.
• the impregnated aramid paper can also be compressed under heating to obtain a desired geometry. In this case, the compression of a small thickness of the aramid paper can be achieved.
• the aramid paper can thereby be given a stable geometry, for example with angled edges in the longitudinal direction A, to achieve a U-shaped profile of the insulating means, whereby the winding 6 in the U-shaped insulating means can be taken and so a corresponding geometry of the Polvols 4 and the side piece 5, ie with outstanding edges for receiving the winding 6, partially or completely eliminated.
• the aramid paper is placed as insulating material around the flanks of Polvols 4. At the ends of the Polvols 4 can be made by the element 1 isolation. Then, the coil 6 is wound on the adhesive aramid paper so that the coils adhere to the aramid paper, which in turn adheres to the pole pack 4.
• Fig. 5 shows a first perspective detail view of one end of the pole piece. It is the Polvol 4 shown with a recess extending in the longitudinal direction A, in which the longitudinal bolt 7 can be inserted (not shown).
• a first element 3 is added, which should be referred to as additional package 3.
• the additional package 3 is adapted to the geometry of the Polvols 4 and represents the outermost plate of the Polvols 4.
• the additional package 3, however, at the same time has a recess on the side so that the element 3, i. the edge rounding 1 (see FIGS. 8 to 11 d) can be slipped over this edge of the additional package 3. In other words, the additional package 3 is not adapted to the sweep of the Polvols 4 executed.
• Fig. 6 shows a second perspective detail view of one end of the pole piece.
• a second element 2 is added, which should be designated as a pressure piece 2.
• the pressure piece 2 is adapted to the geometry of the additional package 3, wherein the pressure piece 2 is designed shorter than the additional package 3 in the upper region, so that the additional package 3 is shown protruding beyond the pressure piece 2.
• the pressure piece 2 lifts in the upper region of the underlying additional package 3, so that the edge rounding 1 can be slipped over both side and in the upper area on the pressure piece 2 over.
• Fig. 7 shows a third perspective detail view of one end of the pole piece.
• the longitudinal bolt 7 has been inserted into the recess, which penetrates both the sheets of Polvols 4 and the additional package 3 and the pressure piece 2 in the same way. In this way, the sheets of Polvols 4, the additional package 3 and the pressure piece 2 are held together by the longitudinal bolt 7.
• the longitudinal bolt 7 centers the additional package 3 and the pressure piece 2.
• the pressure piece 2 is welded to the longitudinal bolt 7.
• Fig. 8 shows a fourth perspective detail view of one end of the pole piece. In this illustration, the end is completed by means of a third element 1, which shall be referred to as edge rounding 1.
• edge rounding 1 a flat and smooth surface of the Polvols 4 can be created so that even at the two ends of the Polvols 4, the windings 6 can rest smoothly and safely.
• the edge rounding 1 prevents damage to the winding 6 which could occur due to sharp edges or creases in the underground under the winding 6, ie at the end-side elements 1, 2, 3 of the pile packet 4.
• the welded joint between the pressure piece 2 and the longitudinal bolt 7 is covered by the edge rounding 1.
• the insulation means may be wrapped around the ends of the pile packet 4, i. Be performed over the edge rounding 1, so that even damage to the insulation means by a smooth edge rounding 1 can be avoided.
• the edge rounding 1 itself can be provided of an insulating material, so that in this area, if appropriate, the insulating agent can be omitted in order to save material and time in the production.
• edge rounding 1 shows a perspective detailed view of an edge rounding 1 from the front in a first embodiment.
• 10 shows a perspective detail view of an edge rounding 1 from the rear in the first embodiment.
• the edge rounding 1 is designed so that it can completely enclose the additional package 3 and the pressure piece 2 laterally in order to produce a flat and smooth surface with respect to the insulating means and the winding 6.
• the edge rounding 1 has excellent edges at the top and bottom to hold the coil 6 in these directions, e.g. against centrifugal forces occurring in rotating operation.
• the edge rounding 1 has a recess 1 a, in which a band can be guided in order to adjust the end of the Wcklung 6.
• the combination of the elements 1, 2, 3, ie the additional package 3, the pressure piece 2 and the edge rounding 1, is provided. So far, it has been known to provide a header to complete the end of the laminated Polvols 4. In this case, no longitudinal bolt 7 has been used and instead fixed the laminated Polvol 4 with several smaller cross bolt 8 on the substrate 9. However, according to the invention, a longitudinal bolt 7 is provided to hold together the sheets of Polvols 4 and to serve as attachment for a few but stronger cross bolt 8, the longitudinal bolt 7 can protrude beyond the outermost sheet of Polvols 4 and must be fixed in this case become. If an end piece is placed on this extension of the pole packet 4, the weight and length of the pole piece are unfavorably increased. For example, an end piece with a thickness of 26 mm would be placed on the end of Polvols 4.
• the additional package 3 as the outermost plate of the Polvols 4 has, for example, a thickness of 18 mm.
• the additional package 3 corresponds to a sheet of Polvols 4 with a lateral recess for receiving the Kantenverrundung. 1
• the pressure piece 2 has, for example, a thickness of 6 mm and serves to fix the longitudinal pin 7.
• the edge rounding 1 has, for example, a thickness of 3 mm and rounds off the end of the pole piece 4. Due to the arrangement of the edge rounding 1 on the pressure piece 2, the head piece 1, 2 of the Polvols invention 4 has a total thickness of 9 mm.
• 11 a shows a perspective detail view of an edge rounding 1 from the front in a second embodiment.
• 11 b shows a plan view of an edge rounding 1 in the second embodiment.
• 11 c shows a front view of an edge rounding 1 in the second embodiment.
• Fig. 11d shows a detailed view of an edge rounding 1 in the second embodiment.
• the edge rounding 1 has an indentation, ie the edge rounding 1 is concave so that it can receive the winding 6 in the recess of the concavity. In this way, a displacement of the Wcklung 6 against the edge rounding 1 can be counteracted, which can occur by the centrifugal forces during rotation of the pole piece, for example on the rotor of a generator. Due to the geometry of the edge rounding 1, the winding 6 is held in the depression of the concave surface even if the winding 6 expands by heat and is arranged looser around the pole packet 4 than in the cooled and tensioned state.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
• Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Wind Motors (AREA)
• Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)

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