EP2577003B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb eines dampfkreisprozesses mit geschmiertem expander - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb eines dampfkreisprozesses mit geschmiertem expander Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2577003B1
EP2577003B1 EP11725324.5A EP11725324A EP2577003B1 EP 2577003 B1 EP2577003 B1 EP 2577003B1 EP 11725324 A EP11725324 A EP 11725324A EP 2577003 B1 EP2577003 B1 EP 2577003B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
working medium
methylimidazolium
expander
ethyl
ionic liquid
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EP11725324.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2577003A2 (de
Inventor
Raimund Almbauer
Roland Kalb
Roland Kirchberger
Josef Klammer
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MAN Truck and Bus SE
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MAN Truck and Bus SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K15/00—Adaptations of plants for special use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K15/00—Adaptations of plants for special use
    • F01K15/02—Adaptations of plants for special use for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C10M2215/224—Imidazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/042—Sulfate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/077—Ionic Liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
    • C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
    • C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
    • C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
    • C10N2020/103—Containing Hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
    • C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
    • C10N2020/105—Containing Ammonia

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a steam cycle with a lubricated expander in Verdränger850, according to the preamble of claim 1 and an apparatus for operating a steam cycle according to the preamble of claim 17 and a heat recovery device according to claim 22nd
  • Expander for example from the DE 10 2007 020 086 B3 known.
  • the expander can be designed, for example, as a piston, vane, rotary piston, swash plate, swash plate, Roots or screw expander.
  • live steam is directed into the working space of the expander, wherein the introduced into the working space live steam is relaxed in the power stroke due to a volumserweiternden movement of components under labor and the relaxed steam when reaching the largest volume in the respective construction is passed from an outlet opening in a steam discharge.
  • inorganic and organic volatiles such as ammonia, alkanes, fluorinated hydrocarbons, siloxanes, and, more generally, refrigerants, may be used as steam.
  • a major problem in these cycles is the selection of the lubricant. Since most lubricants are sensitive to heat, the most complete possible separation of the lubricant from the working medium before the evaporator is one way to use heat-sensitive lubricants.
  • the waste heat arising in the region of the internal combustion engine and / or in the exhaust gas discharge is at least partially transferred to a secondary heat cycle.
  • a working medium is circulated and here usually at least partially evaporated in an evaporator, the steam in an expansion unit, for example in a piston expander, relaxed and finally liquefied again in a condenser. Thereafter, the condensed working medium is brought back via a pump unit to the evaporation pressure and thus closed the circuit.
  • the mechanical work generated by the expansion unit is supplied as additional work to the drive system, in particular a vehicle drive system.
  • expanders in the use of waste heat from internal combustion engines requires a complex construction.
  • rubbing together components such as piston-cylinder pairings, plain bearings, slide, etc. with oil. This creates a contact between the working medium and the lubricant or lubricated surfaces. This raises the problem that mix these two working media and therefore together in the circulation in the direction of pump and evaporator, with many negative concomitants, transported.
  • the entire design must ensure effective separation of the lubricating oil from the working fluid vapor prior to entry into the evaporator.
  • the effective separation of the oil and steam circuits reliably prevents the lubricating oil from entering the hot evaporator zone, causing contamination of components and working fluids by lubricant decomposition products.
  • the known from the prior art lubricants are largely emulsifying with the working fluid (for example, water-steam) or (for example hydrocarbons) miscible. In any case, these prior art lubricants also have a vapor pressure. This lubricant vapor is virtually impossible to separate from the vapor of the working medium.
  • a part of the lubricant comes through the transport of the heat transfer medium in a cyclic process in the evaporator and is exposed to high temperatures, leading to premature aging, chemical conversion (for example, cracking) to the thermal decomposition of the lubricating oil.
  • the lubricant is changed in its properties and thus can no longer sufficiently meet its lubrication tasks.
  • the US 2010/0077792 A1 describes, for example, a method of operating a steam cycle process in which both the working fluid and the lubricant may be formed by an ionic liquid, but it is required that the working fluid and the ionic lubricant form a sufficiently miscible mixture in which the lubricant is at least 1 wt .-% of the working fluid to absorb, in order to achieve a volume expansion at a certain temperature.
  • DE 10 2007 043 373 A1 envisages the use of an ionic liquid in conjunction with a steam cycle process, where also their good mixing ability with the working medium is required.
  • the invention has the object, a method for operating a steam cycle process where the lubricant can be very well separated from the working medium after the expander.
  • the invention is based on the finding that ionic liquids, when they form two liquid phases with the working medium in the liquid state at room temperature (about 20 ° Celsius or 293 Kelvin), are very well suited to be used as lubricating oil. Naturally, ionic liquids have a very low vapor pressure, which further has a favorable effect on the process according to the invention.
  • the after the expander which is formed for example by a piston having at least one piston expander, deposited in a separator ionic liquid as a lubricant has thereby solved little or almost no working fluid in any form and can be fed directly to the lubricant circuit. In this, the lubricant is conveyed back to the rubbing parts of the expander.
  • Ionic liquids are - in the sense of recognized literature (for example Wasserscheid, Peter; Welton, Tom (Eds.); “Ionic Liquids in Synthesis”, published by Wiley-VCH 2008; ISBN 978-3-527-31239-9 ; Rogers, Robin D .; Seddon, Kenneth R. (Eds.); “Ionic Liquids - Industrial Applications to Green Chemistry", ACS Symposium Series 818, 2002; ISBN 0841237891 ”) - liquid organic salts or salt mixtures consisting of organic cations and organic or inorganic anions, with melting points below 100 ° C.
  • the ionic liquid as lubricant has good lubricating properties (viscosity, temperature stability, long-term stability, etc.), low corrosivity and low negative environmental effects (disposal, toxicity, etc.).
  • the solubility of the ionic lubricant in the working medium should preferably be ⁇ 100 ppm, more preferably ⁇ 10 ppm, and most preferably ⁇ 1 ppm.
  • the solubility of the working medium in the ionic lubricant should preferably be ⁇ 0.1m%.
  • the ionic liquid does not have a emulsifying effect as a lubricant, that is to say that it has no or only slight surface-tension-reducing properties.
  • any traces that may still be present can be removed by, for example, filtration through filters and / or filter membranes after primary separation has taken place; the filters can be selected from the above in c., d. or e.) described materials, but it is also the use of conventional ion exchange resins or activated carbon, silica gel, silica gel or other adsorbents for the removal of organic traces conceivable. Also, electrochemical oxidation with (for example, on diamond electrodes or Ru / Ta or Ru / Ir mixed oxide electrodes) is conceivable.
  • a slim-building, columnar separation container whose base is small compared to the height or surface extension in a Hochachsenraum, which can be ensured in particular for moving objects, such as a vehicle that is built to save space and on the other the mixing of the two phases is difficult.
  • Such columnar Embodiments are expressly also include containers that are bent or formed serpentine-like or at least partially formed in this way.
  • Suitable working fluids are, for example, water vapor or any other volatile or vaporizable substance, for example ammonia, alkanes, fluorinated hydrocarbons, siloxanes or a refrigerant. It should be mentioned at this point that the term "vaporous" is to be understood in a broad sense and expressly also to include gaseous states of the working medium.
  • Ionic liquids which can be used in the process according to the invention are, for example, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris (perfluoroalkyl) trifluorophosphate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethyl phosphate, 1-ethyl 3-methylimidazolium dibutyl phosphate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium perfluor
  • Particularly suitable for use with water or ammonia as a working medium are those ionic liquids which have fluorinated anions and / or cations with one or more medium-length alkyl chains (C5 to C10).
  • Particularly suitable for use with siloxanes, alkanes or fluoroalkanes as the working medium are those ionic liquids which contain small, polar, oxygen-containing anions and / or cations with one or more short, optionally oxygen-substituted alkyl chains (C1 to C4).
  • the ionic liquid for lubricating the expander is supplied to the vaporous working medium upstream of the expander and thus to the expander together with the working medium.
  • This is a so-called mixture lubrication.
  • it may also be provided to add the ionic liquid directly into the expander in order, for example, to realize circulation lubrication. This means that here then the ionic liquid targeted to the lubrication points of the expander. Both variants ensure an advantageous and reliable expander lubrication ensuring lubricant supply.
  • the vaporous working medium before its re-supply to the evaporator and downstream of the expander is supplied to at least one condenser in which the vaporous working medium can be liquefied in a functionally reliable manner before the renewed supply to the evaporator or steam generator.
  • the vaporous working medium downstream of the expander is further supplied to at least one separation device, in which the ionic liquid can be separated from the working medium in one or more stages.
  • the condenser is arranged downstream of the expander and upstream of the precipitation device, so that the condenser can be supplied with the mixture of working medium and ionic liquid leaving the expander.
  • the condenser in particular in the case of a working fluid leaving the expander, is arranged downstream of the separating device in the working medium circuit, so that the condenser is supplied with an at least partially vaporous working medium coming from the separating device ,
  • both the working medium and the ionic liquid acting as a lubricant are circulated, the two circuits depending on the specific embodiment, in particular depending on the type of expander lubrication, more or less separate circuits.
  • the ionic liquid acting as a lubricant for the expander is guided in such a way in a lubricant circuit, that the ionic liquid of at least one Lubricant reservoir withdrawn and supplied to the expander, from where it is returned to the at least one lubricant reservoir.
  • This lubricant reservoir can be formed quite generally by at least one separation device in which the ionic liquid is separated from the working medium in one or more stages.
  • the separation device thus acts here in a component and thus space-saving double function once as a reservoir for the ionic liquid or as a reservoir for the working medium and on the other hand in its traditional function as a separator.
  • the lubricant reservoir is formed by the at least one separating device arranged above and arranged downstream of the expander, to which the mixture of working medium and ionic liquid coming from the expander is supplied.
  • the lubricant reservoir is formed by a container associated with the expander, in particular by a the expander associated oil pan-like container, in the one hand the ionic liquid as liquid phase and on the other hand, the vapor in the form of blow-by vapors in the lubricant circulation occurred vaporous working medium can be taken as a vapor phase. From this container, the ionic liquid is separated from the expander and fed independently of the vaporous working medium, either by means of a pump or by gravity return.
  • blow-by working medium vapors occur, for example, piston expander and get there along the piston side surface of the working space in the direction of the crankcase.
  • the accumulating in the container vaporous working medium is also removed from the container, for example by means of a crankcase ventilation, through which the vaporous working medium due to its vapor pressure can escape automatically (optionally, the vapors can also be sucked by means of a corresponding tool).
  • the working medium circuit is contaminated with ionic liquid, for example by a in the working space of a piston, for example, a piston expander wall forming lubricant film
  • the discharged from the container, vaporous and optionally contaminated with ionic liquid working medium downstream of the Arranged expander arranged at least one separation device which is also supplied to the coming of the expander and contaminated with ionic liquid working medium.
  • the vaporous working medium removed from the container to be fed to a condenser in which the vaporous working medium is liquefied before being fed to the at least one separating device.
  • the container is connected to the separation device in such a way that ionic liquid can flow from the separation device to the container as well as optionally vice versa.
  • the object of the invention is further achieved by an apparatus for operating a steam cycle, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of the method claims, at least comprising an evaporator or steam generator for the evaporation of a liquid working medium and lubricated by a lubricant expander for generating kinetic energy or Performing mechanical work, wherein the lubricant is formed by an ionic liquid which forms two liquid phases with the liquid working medium at room temperature.
  • the solubility of the ionic lubricant in the working medium is ⁇ 0.1 m% and that the solubility of the working medium in the ionic lubricant should be ⁇ 1m%.
  • the process control according to the invention can be suitable and used for a very wide variety of purposes and applications.
  • a preferred application mentioned here by way of example provides for the use of the process control according to the invention and / or the device according to the invention in conjunction with a heat recovery device for a motor vehicle, in particular for a motor vehicle driven by a motor vehicle, as described for example in US Pat DE 10 2006 028 868 A1 is described.
  • the expander is then preferably, for example, force-transmitting indirectly or directly connected or coupled to a drive train and / or operated as a generator electric machine and / or at least one consumer of the motor vehicle, in particular a refrigeration and / or air conditioning as a consumer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a steam cycle according to the invention, which circuits for a working medium A and for acting as a lubricant ionic liquid B.
  • a single-stage separation device 4 formed here by way of example by means of, for example, a gravity separator, by means of which the ionic liquid B is separated from the working medium A in the liquid phase.
  • the separation device 4 is here preferably formed by a columnar container in order to achieve the greatest possible height extension with a relatively small footprint, which is shown here only schematically. Of course, even much slimmer or more stretched embodiments are possible.
  • the circuit for the working fluid A in the present example, the liquid working fluid A is lighter than the acting as a lubricant ionic liquid
  • the circuit for the ionic liquid B is shown by dotted line 7.
  • the reference numeral 1 shows an evaporator in which the liquid working medium A is evaporated.
  • the working medium A is conveyed from separation device 4 into the evaporator 1 by means of a feed pump 2.
  • the evaporator 1 fed heat of evaporation Q can thereby come to depending on the application of different heat sources.
  • the heat supplied to the evaporator 1 is preferably coupled out by an internal combustion engine and / or an exhaust system and / or a charge air cooler.
  • different evaporation temperatures can be made available on the evaporator 1, which requires a correspondingly adapted working medium in accordance with the predetermined temperature level.
  • water can be used as a working medium only in the event that the evaporation temperature at the evaporator is well above 100 ° C, as is the case for example when the heat is decoupled from the exhaust system.
  • the vaporous working medium is transported via the line 6 in the expander 5, where it provides mechanical work under relaxation.
  • This mechanical work can be used in different ways depending on the application.
  • the mechanical work done here is supplied to the drive system, in particular a vehicle drive system and / or by means of a vehicle-side electric machine that can be operated as a generator into electricity converted and / or another suitable consumer, such as a refrigeration system fed.
  • the ionic liquid B In the expander 5 and the lubricant, so the ionic liquid B is fed via line 7. There, the ionic liquid performs the lubrication.
  • the ionic liquid B can be supplied to the coming of the evaporator 1 vaporous working medium but also before the expander 5, which in the Fig. 3 is shown, otherwise identical to that in the Fig. 1 shown embodiment.
  • the mixture of vaporous working medium A and ionic liquid B passes into a condenser 3, where the mixture is liquefied.
  • the waste heat Q from the capacitor 3 can then, depending on the application, again be supplied to a suitable system of the respective application. In the case of a motor vehicle, such as a commercial vehicle, it makes sense to supply this waste heat, for example, a cooling system of the vehicle.
  • the liquefied mixture is conveyed into the separation device 4, where the ionic liquid B, since it is immiscible with the liquid working medium A, collects as liquid of lower specific gravity in this case.
  • the ionic liquid B is withdrawn from the separation device 4 by means of a pump 8 on the swamp side and guided via the line 7 back into the expander 5.
  • a container 10 forming device for separating the vapor from the lubricant is provided, which is arranged for example on the expander 5 in the manner of an oil pan, which is not shown here in detail.
  • This container serves as a collecting vessel for substantially vaporous working medium A, which in the form of blow-by vapors in the piston working chamber of the expander 5, designed, for example, as a piston expander, enters the lubricant circuit 7 from the working medium circuit.
  • This vaporous working medium collects in the container 10 above the ionic liquid B forming a liquid phase.
  • the lubricant contaminated with ionic liquid in the form of blow-by working medium vapors passes via a lubricant discharge line 13, preferably on the head side, as in the US Pat Fig. 4 schematically shown in the container 10th
  • a discharge line 12 which for example represents a crankcase ventilation, is preferably branched off on the vapor phase side by means of which vaporous working medium contaminated with ionic liquid as a lubricant is fed to an exhaust steam line 11 which branches off from the expander 5 and carries working medium polluted with lubricant (the contaminant Stir in particular from working-side lubricant film layers on the walls, so that lubricant can pass from the lubricant circuit 7 in the circulation of the working medium).
  • This working medium stream which is contaminated with ionic liquid as a lubricant, is then fed to the condenser 3, in which the working medium is liquefied, before it is subsequently supplied to the separating device 4 together with the ionic liquid.
  • the ionic liquid collecting in the sump of the separating device 4 can then be fed to the container 10 by gravity return or, as shown here, optionally also by a lubricant pump 8, for example, preferably being fed to the sump side.
  • a lubricant pump 9 by means of the ionic liquid B is sucked out of the container 10 and, for example, the expander 5 is supplied.
  • the lowest possible miscibility of the steam-generating working medium with the serving as a lubricant ionic liquid is crucial. Since the working medium is indeed evaporated in the evaporator, in particular the solubility of the ionic liquid in the working medium should be as small as possible. Vice versa but also the low solubility of the working medium in the ionic liquid is desirable in order to achieve cavitation damage at the lubrication point.
  • the absorbance at a wavelength of 213 nm was then measured by UV spectrometer against a cuvette with 2-propanol.
  • ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate in 10ppm increments to the original amount of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane a calibration curve was prepared, the amount of dissolved ionic liquid measured and adjusted to the original concentration calculated.
  • the linear regression of the calibration curve R 2 was better than 0.95.
  • the working medium 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane shows a very strong peak at 2133 cm -1 in the infrared spectrum of a Mattson-Galaxy 2020 spectrometer with ZnSe ATR measuring cell, in contrast to the ionic liquid.
  • the separated ionic liquid (Case A) showed a tiny peak near the dissolution limit at nearly the same wavenumber of 2130 cm -1 , which could be clearly identified as 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane. Comparing the peak area of the pure disiloxane of 4622 units with the area of 42 units measured in the separated ionic liquid gives an estimated concentration of less than 1% by mass.
  • the working medium hexmethyldisiloxane shows no suitable band in the infrared spectrum and was not measured.
  • the working medium 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane was measured analogously to Experiment 1 by means of IR spectroscopy and estimated to be ⁇ 0.5 mass percent.
  • the working medium hexmethyldisiloxane shows no suitable band in the infrared spectrum and was not measured.
  • the water content of the separated 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluoro-phosphate was determined by Karl Fischer coulometry at 3100 ppm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
EP11725324.5A 2010-06-01 2011-05-24 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb eines dampfkreisprozesses mit geschmiertem expander Active EP2577003B1 (de)

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DE102010022408B4 (de) 2016-11-24
CN102947551A (zh) 2013-02-27
DE102010022408A1 (de) 2011-12-01
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JP2013532250A (ja) 2013-08-15
MX347561B (es) 2017-05-03
RU2571698C2 (ru) 2015-12-20
CN102947551B (zh) 2016-07-06
BR112012030681B1 (pt) 2021-02-09
WO2011151029A3 (de) 2012-07-05
MX2012013891A (es) 2013-02-21
WO2011151029A2 (de) 2011-12-08
AU2011260641B2 (en) 2015-12-17
BR112012030681A2 (pt) 2016-09-13
US20130263598A1 (en) 2013-10-10
US9382816B2 (en) 2016-07-05
AU2011260641A1 (en) 2013-01-10
JP6025714B2 (ja) 2016-11-16
RU2012157311A (ru) 2014-07-20

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