EP2472057B1 - Schalung zur Betonierung der Innenverkleidung von Tunneln - Google Patents

Schalung zur Betonierung der Innenverkleidung von Tunneln Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2472057B1
EP2472057B1 EP11382411.4A EP11382411A EP2472057B1 EP 2472057 B1 EP2472057 B1 EP 2472057B1 EP 11382411 A EP11382411 A EP 11382411A EP 2472057 B1 EP2472057 B1 EP 2472057B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tunnel
formwork
panels
ribs
curvature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11382411.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2472057A3 (de
EP2472057A2 (de
Inventor
Antonio Reyes Valverde
Luis Marcos Morezuelas
Juan Pablo Martin Gonzalez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Peri GmbH
Original Assignee
Peri GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peri GmbH filed Critical Peri GmbH
Priority to PL11382411T priority Critical patent/PL2472057T3/pl
Priority to RS20180935A priority patent/RS57625B1/sr
Publication of EP2472057A2 publication Critical patent/EP2472057A2/de
Publication of EP2472057A3 publication Critical patent/EP2472057A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2472057B1 publication Critical patent/EP2472057B1/de
Priority to HRP20181283TT priority patent/HRP20181283T1/hr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/102—Removable shuttering; Bearing or supporting devices therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to formwork for concreting the inner lining of a tunnel, which is made up of a series of panels forming a ring defining the vault, the sides and the corners of the base of the tunnel.
  • the set of the formwork is assembled on a carriage which is moved along the longitudinal axis of the tunnel, from one course to the next, supported on railway tracks placed previously or on the invert of the tunnel.
  • the formwork panels are in turn provided with articulated connections which allow inwardly collapsing the panels forming the small side walls and the sides of the tunnel for stripping and being able to move the formwork to the next placement, before positioning it and the subsequent concreting of the next course.
  • the formwork of the invention provides a series of panels forming an inner ring of the tunnel, formed by a variable number of panels, each externally having an arch on the outside in accordance with the specific tunnel to be concreted.
  • This perimeter ring perpendicular to the axis of the tunnel is defined by a resistant structure made up of a variable number of ribs which are articulated to one another by the outer side edges, located closer to the wall of the tunnel, while the two inner edges of every two annexed ribs are related to one another by a telescopic prop which allows varying the angle formed by the two consecutive ribs between which it is located, and consequently varying the curvature of the perimeter ring in each sector of the tunnel. Therefore, by varying the number of ribs, it is possible to form a polygonal ring, inside the formwork, adaptable to any measurement and configuration of the tunnel to be constructed.
  • Another intermediate part or secondary rib is located on each of these primary ribs, said intermediate part or secondary rib externally defining a curvature in accordance with each area or sector of tunnel in which it is assembled and making up the supporting means for the sheet metal defining the skin of the formwork.
  • These intermediate parts or secondary ribs are elements with a changeable structure, formed by means of articulated and movable plates which allow modifying the outer curvature of each part for adapting it to the specific curvature of each sector of the tunnel, whereby they are also universal elements which can be adapted to any radius of curvature.
  • Another alternative for these secondary ribs is constructing elements with the curvature in accordance with each sector of each particular tunnel; in which case these would be the only parts which would have to be constructed for each construction job, the remaining elements of the system being universal and reusable for successive construction jobs.
  • the skin of the formwork is made up of flexible steel plates, each of which is assembled or formed with the radius of curvature adjusted to the area or sector of tunnel to be constructed, i.e., with the length of the formwork and the width corresponding to a sector of tunnel, defined by one of the intermediate parts supporting it and by the main rib or ribs forming the inner structural rings.
  • the set of panels making up the formwork are grouped and structured in the following sections:
  • a transport carriage which serves as a support structure for the formwork has been designed for moving the set of the formwork between placements, which is formed by respective main gantries located in the plane normal to the layout of the tunnel, joined by means of longitudinal tie beams.
  • This carriage rolls on tracks arranged on the site on the starting footings of the tunnel or on a temporary footing in the invert.
  • This carriage also has a hydraulic system for performing all the operations during the normal work cycle: translating, horizontal shifting, moving skirts, elevating and lowering, (and even being able to change the inner geometry of the tunnel, if it is modified at some point)
  • the carriage For performing the formwork/stripping operations the carriage has cylinders which retract the side panels from the side walls of the tunnel, collapsing them with respect to the intermediate articulations after retracting or collapsing the small side walls of the base.
  • the keystone is formworked/stripped by operating the hydraulic cylinders of the carriage legs which lower or elevate the keystone panels defining the vault of the tunnel.
  • the shifting is carried out consisting of the relative horizontal movement between the carriage rolling on a fixed position (the tracks) and the formwork for allowing the horizontal adjustments of the latter.
  • the invention relates to a special metal formwork which reproduces the inner geometry of the specific tunnel, therefore being able to adapt to the geometries of any tunnel.
  • it is made up of a determined number of panels (P) joined by means of articulations and telescopic props which are immobilised before and during the concreting process, internally defining a resistant polygonal ring and externally defining a radius of curvature in accordance with each area of the tunnel to be concreted.
  • the panels forming the tunnel formwork are of three types differentiated by the different areas of the tunnel: keystone panels (Pc), side wall panels or skirts (Ph) and small side walls (Pf).
  • the keystone panels (Pc) are located in the upper area of the formwork and therefore form the vault of the tunnel. There are arranged on said panels gates for pouring the concrete, quick tie-back plates for surface vibrators, windows for inspection during the concreting process and attachments on which the keystone props are tied, assembled above them are the platform for concreting under the keystone.
  • the keystone panels are located symmetrically in the upper part of the formwork at both sides of the axis of the tunnel, starting from the central panel, joined to each other longitudinally by means of a lower prop (5) which is fixed in the gantry (c1) of the transport carriage (c), until entirely completing the formwork of the vault ( Figures 7 to 9 ).
  • the side wall panels are located on the sides of the tunnel, they are curved metal panels having the same structure as the keystone panels and the small side walls. Lugs for the concreting brackets, inspection and concreting windows, quick tie-back plates for surface vibration and the draught profiles for operating the hydraulic operating cylinders are arranged in said panels.
  • the side wall panels (Ph) are joined to the keystone panels at their high part through an articulation which allows rotation for the stripping and transport operations as a result of a cylinder (c3) joined and operated from the transport carriage (c).
  • the side wall panels are joined in the lower portion with the small side wall panels by means of rotating lugs and also by a cylinder (7) which is connected with the hydraulic circuit of the carriage for operating it during the formwork/stripping operations.
  • the small side walls (Pf) are located in the lower area of the formwork, these panels allowing the overlap with the starting point previously carried out. They are respective curved metal panels made up of the same type of framework as the rest of the panels. Each has in the area lower a spreading longitudinal profile stiffener for correctly transmitting the loads to the shear keys.
  • Each of the panels is made up of:
  • a rib stiffening prop (4) is placed between two consecutive panels, which prop is a metal part with a cylindrical body having threaded screws in opposite directions at each side of the central body. This part serves for stiffening the attachment between the formwork panels during the concreting and/or assembly phase. By rotating the body of the stays the length thereof is varied for adapting it to the required measurement.
  • Figure 12 shows the structure of a panel in which the auxiliary rib (2) is an element with the curvature in accordance with the sector of each particular tunnel.
  • these parts are constructed with the specific curvature of each construction job, being the only element of the system which does not have a universal use and which is not usually reusable in successive construction jobs.
  • Figure 13 shows the structure of a panel having in this case an a variable outer curvature, capable of adapting to the specific curvature of each sector of the tunnel, whereby they are also universal elements which can be adapted to any radius of curvature.
  • the intermediate rib (2) is formed by means of articulated and movable plates (21), joined by means of screws (23) to the main rib (1) and articulated to one another through arched lugs (22) which allow, together with the aforementioned, modifying the outer curvature of the part (2) for adapting it to the specific curvature of each sector of the tunnel.
  • FIGs 14 to 16 illustrate the assembly sequence of each of these panels.
  • the rib (1) is the same in each case, as is the formworking skin (3), what changes here with respect to Figures 3-6 is the structure of the rib (2), which is an element having a configuration and curvature adaptable to each case.
  • there is a line of plates (21) which are articulated to one another through the arched windows (22) which allow forming a general line with the desired curvature; it is immobilised in the position predefined by means of the screws (23) joining the different parts (21) with the main rib (11), defining the radius of curvature of each plate (21) in the set of the part (2).
  • the assembly sequence means first relating the screws (23) to the rib (1) and subsequently, once the desired curvature is established, fixing said screws and the lugs (22) in the established position.
  • the formwork carriage (c) is made up of two equal gantries (c1) located in the transverse position joined by means of longitudinal beams, braced to one another by means of crosspieces.
  • This carriage is designed for not receiving loads during the tunnel concreting process, i.e., it must solely and exclusively be used for moving the formwork from one course to the next and serve as a base for positioning the formwork in the correct place before concreting.
  • the carriage slides on wheels (c2) on railway tracks which have to be perfectly placed before starting the movement.
  • the carriage is structurally formed by two caisson-shaped, reinforced sheet metal gantries (c1) having a maximum height clearance suitable for concreting the tunnel.
  • the gantries are longitudinally braced by means of two parallel beams the section of which has the shape of a reinforced caisson.
  • the metal formwork rests on the longitudinal beams through four anchoring points on which the relative position of the formwork with respect to the axis of the carriage can be varied with the aid of hydraulic shifting cylinders for correcting small deviations in the alignment of the formwork or for laying out when passing through a curve.
  • the legs of the moving carriage are height adjustable by means of hydraulic cylinders arranged inside the female part. This height adjustment allows performing the formwork and stripping operation with respect to the keystone of the tunnel.
  • the four hydraulic motors in the drive wheels, one in each leg of the transport carriage are simultaneously activated.
  • Concreting gates and inspection windows spread out uniformly along the entire formwork surface are arranged in these panels, the purpose of which is to facilitate both the pumping of concrete towards the inside of the tunnel and the inspection of the concreting process by the construction personnel.
  • a series of supports are arranged for the surface vibrators which will facilitate the concrete mass vibrating operation.
  • the formwork is provided with gates in the keystone panels which allow coupling pipes for the pumping of concrete towards the inside of the formwork in the final phase, when the upper part of the vault is concreted.
  • the formwork has filling reference points for being able to stop the final pumping of concrete on time and thus prevent transmitting concreting overpressure to the keystone formwork.
  • the cylinders (7) are operated, which collapse the small side walls (Pf) towards the inside, next the side walls (Ph) of the tunnel are retracted, operating the corresponding hydraulic cylinders (c3) which allow collapsing the panels with respect to the articulations are.
  • the keystone is formworked/stripped by operating the hydraulic cylinders of the legs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Schalung zum Betonieren der Innenauskleidung von Tunneln, gebildet aus einer Reihe von Platten (P), die das Gewölbe, die Seiten und die Ecken des Tunnelbodens bilden, montiert auf einem Wagen (c), der die Schalung entlang der Längsachse des Tunnels (t) von einer Bahn zur nächsten bewegt, gestützt auf Eisenbahnschienen, die zuvor auf den Fundamenten/der Sohle des Tunnels (t1) angeordnet wurden, wobei die Schalungsplatten mit Gelenkverbindungen versehen sind, die ein Kollabieren der Platten, die die kleinen Seitenwände und die Tunnelseiten bilden, erlauben, um die Schalung zu entfernen und die Schalung zu der nächsten Position vor dem Anordnen und dem nachfolgenden Betonieren der entsprechenden Bahn bewegen zu können,
    wobei die Schalung von innen nach außen aufweist:
    a) eine widerstandsfähige Struktur, die durch mindestens zwei polygonale Ringe gebildet ist, senkrecht zur Tunnelachse, aus einer variablen Anzahl von Rippen (1) gebildet, die gelenkig miteinander durch die äußeren Seitenkanten (12) verbunden sind, die näher zu der Tunnelwand angeordnet sind, während die zwei Innenkanten (11) von zwei angefügten Rippen (1) durch eine teleskopische Stütze (4) miteinander verbunden sind, wodurch der Winkel, der durch die zwei aufeinander folgenden Rippen gebildet ist, zwischen welchen er angeordnet ist, und folglich die Krümmung des Umfangsrings in jedem Abschnitt des Tunnels variiert werden können, so dass es durch Variieren auch der Anzahl von Rippen (1) möglich ist, einen polygonalen Ring innerhalb der Schalung zu bilden, der an jegliche Abmessungen und Konfiguration des zu bauenden Tunnels (t) angepasst werden kann;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie weiterhin von innen nach außen aufweist:
    b) eine Reihe von Zwischenteilen oder Sekundärrippen (2), die außen eine Krümmung (21) entsprechend jedem Bereich oder Abschnitt des Tunnels definieren, in dem sie montiert sind, gestützt an der Rippe oder Rippen (1) der polygonalen Ringe, die die Schalung strukturieren und die Stützeinrichtung für das Blech bilden, das die Schalhaut definiert;
    c) eine Reihe von flexiblen Stahlblechen (3), die jeweils mit dem Krümmungsradius montiert oder gebildet sind, der für den Bereich oder Abschnitt des zu bauenden Tunnels geeignet ist, und die Schalhaut an einer Oberfläche bilden, die die Länge der Schalung und die Breite entsprechend einem Tunnelabschnitt hat, definiert durch eines der sie stützenden Zwischenteile (2) und durch die Rippe oder Rippen (1), die die inneren Strukturringe bilden.
  2. Schalung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Montieren des Satzes von die Schalung bildenden Platten (P) auf dem Wagen und auf einer Strukturebene in jedem bestimmten Tunnel die Platten (P) in folgenden Abschnitten gruppiert und strukturiert sind:
    a) ein oberer Abschnitt, der das Tunnelgewölbe definiert, gebildet aus einer variablen Anzahl von Bogenplatten (Pc), die symmetrisch an beiden Seiten der Tunnelachse montiert sind und den oberen Teil der Schalung bilden, die, sobald sie in der richtigen Position und mit dem richtigen Winkel montiert sind, alle mit mindestens einer Stütze (5), die die zwei Endrippen (1) verbindet, durch das Innere der Schalung verspannt werden, während gleichzeitig ein Anheben und Anordnen auf dem Schalungs-Antriebswagen (c) möglich ist;
    b) jeweilige Seitenabschnitte, die aus einer variablen Anzahl von Seitenwandplatten (Ph) gebildet sind, die, sobald sie miteinander verbunden sind, in den entsprechenden Seiten des Gewölbeabschnitts durch eine Gelenkverbindung montiert werden, die an der Innenfläche angeordnet ist, betrieben mittels eines Zylinders (c3) oder einer ähnlichen Einrichtung, der/die das Kollabieren des unteren Endes in Richtung des Inneren des Tunnels ermöglicht, um den Transport und die Entschalungsarbeiten zu erleichtern, und während des Betonierens durch Stützen versteift ist; und
    c) entsprechende Platten, die unter den Seitenabschnitten angeordnet sind, die die kleinen Seitenwände (Pf) oder Seitenabschlüsse des Tunnels mit den unteren Fundamenten bilden, die durch Kollabieren in Richtung des Inneren des Tunnels gelenkig gelagert sind, um den Transport und die Entschalungsarbeiten zu erleichtern, betrieben durch einen Zylinder oder eine ähnliche Einrichtung (7).
  3. Schalung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenteile oder Sekundärrippen (2) Elemente mit einer veränderbaren Struktur sind, die mittels gelenkig gelagerter und beweglicher Platten (21) gebildet sind, die ein Modifizieren der äußeren Krümmung jedes Teils ermöglichen, um es an die spezifische Krümmung jedes Abschnitts des Tunnels anzupassen.
  4. Schalung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenteile oder Sekundärrippen (2) Elemente sind, die mit der spezifischen Krümmung entsprechend jedes Abschnitts jedes bestimmten Tunnels aufgebaut sind.
EP11382411.4A 2011-01-04 2011-12-29 Schalung zur Betonierung der Innenverkleidung von Tunneln Active EP2472057B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL11382411T PL2472057T3 (pl) 2011-01-04 2011-12-29 Oszalowanie do betonowania wewnętrznego wyłożenia tuneli
RS20180935A RS57625B1 (sr) 2011-01-04 2011-12-29 Oplata za betoniranje unutrašnje obloge tunela
HRP20181283TT HRP20181283T1 (hr) 2011-01-04 2018-08-03 Oplata za betoniranje unutarnje obloge tunela

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201130005A ES2442040B1 (es) 2011-01-04 2011-01-04 Encofrado para hormigonar el revestimiento interior de túneles.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2472057A2 EP2472057A2 (de) 2012-07-04
EP2472057A3 EP2472057A3 (de) 2017-03-29
EP2472057B1 true EP2472057B1 (de) 2018-05-30

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EP (1) EP2472057B1 (de)
ES (2) ES2442040B1 (de)
HR (1) HRP20181283T1 (de)
PL (1) PL2472057T3 (de)
PT (1) PT2472057T (de)
RS (1) RS57625B1 (de)

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CN113803088B (zh) * 2021-09-27 2024-05-10 中铁一局集团有限公司 一种隔离式双衬砌盾构隧道施工结构及施工方法
CN114922138B (zh) * 2022-05-20 2024-01-26 四川水发建设有限公司 小断面薄壁u形明渠混凝土衬砌装置及其施工方法
CN117948163B (zh) * 2024-03-26 2024-06-11 洛阳展尚建筑工程有限公司 一种隧道防坍塌的支护框架

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HRP20181283T1 (hr) 2018-10-05
ES2442040B1 (es) 2014-12-10
PT2472057T (pt) 2018-10-12
PL2472057T3 (pl) 2019-01-31
EP2472057A3 (de) 2017-03-29
EP2472057A2 (de) 2012-07-04
ES2683916T3 (es) 2018-09-28
RS57625B1 (sr) 2018-11-30
ES2442040R1 (es) 2014-03-04

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