EP2283167A1 - Eisen-chrom-aluminium-legierung mit hoher lebensdauer und geringen änderungen im warmwiderstand - Google Patents
Eisen-chrom-aluminium-legierung mit hoher lebensdauer und geringen änderungen im warmwiderstandInfo
- Publication number
- EP2283167A1 EP2283167A1 EP09730026A EP09730026A EP2283167A1 EP 2283167 A1 EP2283167 A1 EP 2283167A1 EP 09730026 A EP09730026 A EP 09730026A EP 09730026 A EP09730026 A EP 09730026A EP 2283167 A1 EP2283167 A1 EP 2283167A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alloy according
- max
- alloy
- film
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- -1 iron-chromium-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 23
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002060 Fe-Cr-Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
Definitions
- Iron-chromium-aluminum alloy with high durability and low
- the invention relates to a melt-metallurgically produced iron-chromium-aluminum alloy with a long service life and small changes in the heat resistance.
- Iron-chromium-aluminum-tungsten alloy alloys are used to make electrical heating elements and catalyst supports. These materials form a dense, firmly adhering aluminum oxide layer, which protects them from destruction at high temperatures (eg up to 1400 ° C.). This protection is improved by additions in the range of 0.01 to 0.3% of so-called reactive elements, such as Ca, Ce, La, Y, Zr, Hf, Ti, Nb, W, which inter alia improve the adhesion of the oxide layer and / or reduce the layer growth, as described for example in "Ralf Bürgel, Handbook of High Temperature Materials, Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig 1998" from page 274.
- reactive elements such as Ca, Ce, La, Y, Zr, Hf, Ti, Nb, W
- the aluminum oxide layer protects the metallic material against rapid oxidation. At the same time she is growing herself, albeit very slowly. This growth takes place using consumption of the aluminum content of the material. If no aluminum is present, other oxides (chromium and iron oxides) grow, the metal content of the material is consumed very quickly and the material fails due to destructive corrosion. The time to failure is defined as the lifetime. An increase in the aluminum content prolongs the service life.
- WO 02/20197 A1 has disclosed a ferritic stainless steel alloy, in particular for use as a heating conductor element.
- the Alloy is formed by a powder metallurgically produced Fe-Cr-Al alloy containing less than 0.02% C, ⁇ 0.5% Si, ⁇ 0.2% Mn, 10.0 to 40.0% Cr, ⁇ 0 , 6% Ni, ⁇ 0.01% Cu, 2.0 to 10.0% Al, one or more element (s) from the group of reactive elements, such as Sc, Y, La, Ce, Ti, Zr, Hf , V, Nb, Ta, contained between 0.1 and 1.0%, balance iron and unavoidable impurities.
- EP 0 387 670 B1 discloses an alloy with (in% by weight) 20 to 25% Cr, 5 to 8% Al, 0.03 to 0.08% yttrium, 0.004 to 0.008% nitrogen, 0.020 to 0.040% Carbon, and approximately equal parts 0.035 to 0.07% Ti and 0.035 to 0.07% zirconium, and max. 0.01% phosphorus, max. 0.01% magnesium, max. 0.5% manganese, max. 0.005% sulfur, remainder iron, wherein the sum of the contents of Ti and Zr is 1.75 to 3.5% times as large as the percentage sum of the contents of C and N as well as impurities caused by melting.
- Ti and Zr can be completely or partially replaced by hafnium and / or tantalum or vanadium.
- nickel 1% nickel, and the additives 0.010 to 1.0% zirconium, 0.003 to 0.3% titanium and 0.003 to 0.3% nitrogen, calcium plus magnesium 0.005 to 0.05%, and rare earth metals 0.003 to 0.80 %, Niobium of 0.5%, remainder iron described with common accompanying elements, for example as wire for Heating elements for electrically heated furnaces and as a construction material for thermally stressed parts and as a film for the preparation of catalyst supports is used.
- US-A 4,414,023 is a steel with (in wt .-%) 8.0 to 25.0% Cr, 3.0 to 8.0% AI, 0.002 to 0.06% rare earth metals, max. 4.0% Si, 0.06 to 1.0% Mn, 0.035 to 0.07% Ti, 0.035 to 0.07% Zr, including unavoidable impurities.
- DE 10 2005 016 722 A1 discloses a high-life iron-chromium-aluminum alloy with (in mass%) 4 to 8% Al and 16 to 24% Cr and additions of 0.05 to 1% Si, 0.001 to 0.5% Mn, 0.02 to 0.2% Y, 0.1 to 0.3% Zr and / or 0.02 to 0.2% Hf, 0.003 to 0.05% C, 0.0002 to 0.05% Mg, 0.0002 to 0.05% Ca, max. 0.04% N, max. 0.04% P, max. 0.01% S, max. 0.5% Cu and the usual melting impurities, balance iron.
- t B lifetime, defined as the time until oxides of other than oxides occur
- ⁇ m * is the critical weight change at which the flakes begin.
- Heating conductors which consist of thin foils (for example, approximately 20 to 300 ⁇ m thick with a width in the range of one or several millimeters), are characterized by a large surface area to volume ratio. This is advantageous if you want to achieve fast heating and cooling times, as z. B. in the in Be required glass ceramic panels used to make the heating quickly visible and to achieve a rapid heating similar to a gas cooker. At the same time, however, the large surface area to volume ratio is disadvantageous for the service life of the heating conductor.
- the behavior of the hot resistor must be considered. As a rule, a constant voltage is applied to the heating conductor. If the resistance remains constant over the life of the heating element, the current and the power of this heating element will not change.
- the temperature of the heating element decreases.
- the life of the heating conductor and thus also of the heating element is extended.
- the warm resistance R w decreases over time
- the power P increases while the voltage at the heating element remains constant.
- the temperature also increases and thus the service life of the heating conductor or heating element is shortened.
- the deviations of the heat resistance as a function of time should therefore be kept within a narrow range around zero.
- the lifetime and the behavior of the heat resistance can be measured, for example, in an accelerated life test.
- Such a test is z. B. in Harald Pfeifer, Hans Thomas, Zunderfeste alloys, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg / 1963 described on page 113. It is carried out with a switching cycle of 120 s at a constant temperature on helically shaped wire with a diameter of 0.4 mm.
- As a test temperature temperatures of 1200 0 C and 1050 0 C are proposed.
- the test was modified as follows: Film strips of 50 ⁇ m thickness and 6 mm width were clamped between 2 current feedthroughs and heated to 1050 ° C. by applying a voltage.
- the heating at 1050 0 C was carried out for 15 s, then the power supply was interrupted for 5 s.
- the temperature is automatically measured during the life test with a pyrometer and corrected by a program control if necessary to the setpoint temperature.
- the burning time or burning time is the addition of the times in which the sample is heated.
- the burning time is the time to failure of the samples, the burning time the current time during an experiment.
- the burning time or the burning time is given as a relative value in%, based on the burning time of a reference sample, and referred to as relative burning time or relative burning time.
- the invention has for its object to provide an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy for a specific application, which has a longer life than the iron-chromium-aluminum alloys previously used, with little change in the heat resistance over time at a given application temperature Has.
- the alloy is to be provided for specific applications in which short and fast cycles are given and at the same time a particularly long life is required. This object is achieved by an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy with a long service life and little change in the resistance to heat
- the alloy can advantageously be melted with 0.0001 to 0.05% Mg, 0.0001 to 0.03% Ca and 0.010 to 0.030% P in order to be able to set optimum material properties in the film.
- I -0.015 + 0.065 * Y + 0.030 ⁇ f + 0.095 * Zr + 0.090 * Ti -0.065 * C ⁇ 0
- I represents the internal oxidation of the material and where Y, Hf, Zr, Ti, C is the concentration of alloying elements in Mass% are.
- the element Y can be replaced wholly or partially by at least one of the elements Sc and / or La and / or Cerium, with ranges between 0.02 and 0.1% being conceivable in the case of partial substitution.
- the element Hf can also be replaced as required by at least one of the elements Sc and / or Ti and / or cerium wholly or partially, with partial substitution ranges between 0.01 and 0.1% are conceivable.
- the alloy with max. 0.005% S are melted.
- the alloy according to the invention is preferably usable for use as a foil for heating elements, in particular for electrically heatable heating elements.
- the alloy according to the invention is used for films in the thickness range from 0.02 to 0.03 mm, in particular from 20 to 200 ⁇ m, or from 20 to 100 ⁇ m.
- Another advantage is the use of the alloy as a film heat conductor for use in hobs, especially in glass ceramic cooktops.
- alloy for use as a carrier film in heatable metallic catalytic converters is also conceivable, as is the use of the alloy as a film in fuel cells.
- Table 1 shows own industrially molten iron-chromium-aluminum alloys T1 to T6, own laboratory melts L1 to L7, A1 to A5, V1 to V17 and the alloy E1 according to the invention.
- Figure 1 shows an exemplary graph of the course of the heat resistance according to wire conductor test of wire according to the prior art.
- Figure 2 shows an example for the charge T6 the heat resistance curve according to the conductor test for films on an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy (Aluchrom Y) with a composition of
- Figure 3 shows the internal oxidation (I) of A4 according to Table 1 after 25% relative firing time.
- the resistance is shown relative to its initial value at the beginning of the measurement. It shows a decrease in the heat resistance. Towards the end of the further course shortly before the sample burns through, the hot resistance rises sharply (in Figure 1 from about 100% relative burning time).
- Aw the maximum deviation of the heat resistance ratio from the initial value 1, 0 at the beginning of the experiment (or shortly after the start after the formation of the contact resistance) up to the beginning of the steep increase is referred to below.
- This material (Aluchrom Y) typically has a relative burning time of about 100% and an Aw of about -1 to -3%, as examples T4 to T6 in Table 3 show.
- T4 to T6 are 3 batches of the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy Aluchrom Y with a composition of about 20% chromium, about 5.2% aluminum, about 0.03% carbon and additions of Y, Zr and Ti of each about 0.05%. They achieve a relative burning time of 91% (T4) to 124% (T6) and an excellent Aw value of -1 to -3%.
- the batches T1 to T3 of the material Aluchrom YHf with 19 to 22% Cr, 5.5 to 6.5% aluminum, max. 0.5% Mn, max. 0.5% Si, max. 0.05% carbon and additions of max. 0.10% Y, max. 0.07% Zr and max. 0.1% Hf registered.
- This material can z. B. as a film for catalyst support, but also as a heating conductor, use. If the batches T1 to T3 are subjected to the foil conductor test described above, then the significantly increased service life (burning time) of T1 at 188% and T2 at 152% and T3 at 189% can be seen. T1 has a longer life than T2, which can be explained by the increased aluminum content from 5.6 to 5.9%.
- T1 shows an Aw of -5% and T2 of -8%.
- an A w of -8% is too high and, experience has shown, leads to a significant increase in the temperature of the component, which compensates for the longer service life of this material, that is, a total of none Advantage brings.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the charge T3 which, like T1 and T2, is an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy containing 20.1% Cr 6.0% aluminum, 0.12% Mn, 0.33% Si, 0.008% carbon and additions of 0.05% Y, 0.04% Zr and 0.03% Hf. However, unlike L1 and L2, it contains a very low carbon content of only 0.008%.
- the goal was to increase the lifetime beyond the T9 level of 189% while achieving an Aw of approximately 1% to -3%.
- a longer service life than T3 had laboratory batches A1 with 262%, A3 with 212%, A4 with 268% and A5 with 237%, V9 with 224%, V10 with 271% and the subject invention E1 with the highest achieved value of 323%.
- I -0.015 + 0.065 * Y + 0.030 * Hf + 0.095 * Zr + 0.090 * Ti -0.065 * C ⁇ 0, where I is the value for the internal oxidation.
- the alloys T1 to T6, V8, V11 to V13 and the subject invention E1 all have an I less than zero and show no internal oxidation.
- the alloys A1 to A5, V9, V10 have an I greater than zero and show enhanced internal oxidation.
- E1 shows an alloy which can be used according to the invention for films in application ranges from 20 ⁇ m to 0.300 mm thickness.
- the inventive alloy E1 shows in addition to the required significantly higher lifetime of 323% a very favorable behavior of the heat resistance with a mean Aw of -1, 3% and satisfies the condition I ⁇ 0.
- Tungsten solidifies the alloy. This contributes to the dimensional stability during cyclic deformation and thus to the fact that the Aw is in the range of -3 to 1%. It should therefore not fall below a lower limit of 1%.
- a minimum content of 0.02% Y is necessary to obtain the oxidation resistance-enhancing effect of Y.
- the upper limit is set at 0.1% for economic reasons.
- a minimum content of 0.02% Zr is necessary in order to obtain a good service life and a low A w .
- the upper limit is set at 0.1% Zr for cost reasons.
- a minimum content of 0.02% Hf is necessary to obtain the oxidation resistance enhancing effect of Hf.
- the upper limit is set at 0.1% Hf for economic reasons.
- the carbon content should be less than 0.030% to get a low value of Aw. It should be greater than 0.003% to ensure good processability.
- the nitrogen content should not exceed 0.03% in order to avoid the formation of nitrides, which negatively affect processability. It should be greater than 0.003% to ensure good processability of the alloy.
- the content of phosphorus should be less than 0.030% since this surfactant affects the oxidation resistance.
- the P content is preferably ⁇ 0.002%.
- the content of sulfur should be kept as low as possible, since this surfactant affects the oxidation resistance. It will therefore max. 0.01% S set.
- the content of oxygen should be kept as low as possible, since otherwise the oxygen-affinity elements such as Y, Zr, Hf, Ti, etc. are mainly bound in oxidic form.
- the positive effect of the oxygen affinity elements on the oxidation resistance is u. a. impaired by the fact that the oxygen-affinity elements bound in oxidic form are distributed very unevenly in the material and are not available to the required extent throughout the material. It is therefore max. 0.01% O set.
- Chromium contents between 16 and 24 mass% have no decisive influence on the service life, as can be read in J. Klöwer, Materials and Corrosion 51 (2000), pages 373-385.
- a certain chromium content is necessary because chromium is the formation of the particularly stable and protective ⁇ - Al 2 O 3 layer promotes. Therefore, the lower limit is 16%.
- Chromium contents> 24% complicate the processability of the alloy.
- An aluminum content of 4.5% is at least necessary to obtain an alloy with sufficient life. Al contents> 6.5% no longer increase the lifetime of film heating conductors.
- a minimum content of 0.001% Mn is required to improve processability.
- Manganese is limited to 0.5% because this element reduces oxidation resistance.
- Copper is heated to max. 0.5% limited as this element reduces the oxidation resistance. The same goes for nickel.
- the contents of magnesium and calcium are set in the spread range of 0.0001 to 0.05 wt .-%, respectively 0.0001 to 0.03 wt .-%.
- B is set to max. 0.003% limited because this element reduces the oxidation resistance.
- V6 760 100 5 1, 0 1, 0 -0,0008
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Abstract
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PL09730026T PL2283167T3 (pl) | 2008-04-10 | 2009-04-02 | Stop żelazowo-chromowo-glinowy o wysokiej trwałości i niewielkich zmianach w rezystancji termicznej |
SI200931884T SI2283167T1 (sl) | 2008-04-10 | 2009-04-02 | Zlitina železo-krom-aluminj z visoko življenjsko dobo in majhnimi spremembami v toplotni odpornosti |
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DE102008018135A DE102008018135B4 (de) | 2008-04-10 | 2008-04-10 | Eisen-Chrom-Aluminium-Legierung mit hoher Lebensdauer und geringen Änderungen im Warmwiderstand |
PCT/DE2009/000450 WO2009124530A1 (de) | 2008-04-10 | 2009-04-02 | Eisen-chrom-aluminium-legierung mit hoher lebensdauer und geringen änderungen im warmwiderstand |
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US (1) | US8580190B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2283167B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5490094B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR101282804B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101981218A (de) |
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PL (1) | PL2283167T3 (de) |
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DE102007005154B4 (de) * | 2007-01-29 | 2009-04-09 | Thyssenkrupp Vdm Gmbh | Verwendung einer Eisen-Chrom-Aluminium-Legierung mit hoher Lebensdauer und geringen Änderungen im Warmwiderstand |
CN101892434A (zh) * | 2010-06-12 | 2010-11-24 | 北京首钢吉泰安新材料有限公司 | 一种超高温电热合金及其制备方法 |
JP5126437B1 (ja) * | 2011-04-01 | 2013-01-23 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | ステンレス箔およびその箔を用いた排ガス浄化装置用触媒担体 |
DE202011106778U1 (de) | 2011-06-21 | 2011-12-05 | Thyssenkrupp Vdm Gmbh | Hitzebeständige Eisen-Chrom-Aluminium-Legierung mit geringer Chromverdampfungsrate und erhöhter Warmfestigkeit |
DE102012004488A1 (de) | 2011-06-21 | 2012-12-27 | Thyssenkrupp Vdm Gmbh | Hitzebeständige Eisen-Chrom-Aluminium-Legierung mit geringer Chromverdampfungsrate und erhöhter Warmfestigkeit |
CN102409255B (zh) * | 2011-08-15 | 2013-05-01 | 山东瑞泰新材料科技有限公司 | 表面具有绝缘性能的合金及其制备工艺 |
CN102943217A (zh) * | 2012-10-27 | 2013-02-27 | 无锡舜特精密合金板带有限公司 | 一种冷轧钢带及其生产方法 |
US9777357B2 (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2017-10-03 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Stainless steel foil |
WO2015015728A1 (ja) | 2013-07-30 | 2015-02-05 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | フェライト系ステンレス箔 |
CN105420616A (zh) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-03-23 | 宁国市南方耐磨材料有限公司 | 一种高碳中铬耐磨钢球 |
GB2546809B (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2018-05-09 | Rolls Royce Plc | Low cobalt hard facing alloy |
GB2546808B (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2018-09-12 | Rolls Royce Plc | Low cobalt hard facing alloy |
US20180334939A1 (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2018-11-22 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Electric heaters comprising corrosion resistant metals and selective catalytic reduction devices utilizing the same |
CN109355591A (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-02-19 | 深圳市致远动力科技有限公司 | 一种耐高温合金 |
CN110273114B (zh) * | 2019-08-06 | 2021-04-09 | 华北理工大学 | 一种耐磨铁硅铬合金及其制备方法 |
CN113621897A (zh) * | 2020-05-08 | 2021-11-09 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种含稀土耐热合金钢及其板坯连铸工艺 |
EP4430222A1 (de) * | 2021-11-11 | 2024-09-18 | Kanthal AB | Fecral-pulver und daraus hergestellter gegenstand |
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WO2023091989A1 (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-05-25 | Tutco, Llc | Gas heater |
GB2627015A (en) * | 2023-02-10 | 2024-08-14 | Tutco Llc | Gas heater |
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US8580190B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
PL2283167T3 (pl) | 2019-03-29 |
DE102008018135A1 (de) | 2009-10-29 |
MX2010011129A (es) | 2010-12-14 |
JP2011516731A (ja) | 2011-05-26 |
WO2009124530A1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
JP5490094B2 (ja) | 2014-05-14 |
CA2719363C (en) | 2013-08-06 |
BRPI0911429A2 (pt) | 2015-09-29 |
KR20100133411A (ko) | 2010-12-21 |
CA2719363A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
CN101981218A (zh) | 2011-02-23 |
ES2692866T3 (es) | 2018-12-05 |
DE102008018135B4 (de) | 2011-05-19 |
TR201815862T4 (tr) | 2018-11-21 |
KR101282804B1 (ko) | 2013-07-05 |
BRPI0911429B1 (pt) | 2022-12-13 |
US20110031235A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
DK2283167T3 (en) | 2018-11-26 |
EP2283167B1 (de) | 2018-08-29 |
SI2283167T1 (sl) | 2018-12-31 |
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