EP2244848B1 - Verfahren zur reinigung eines wärmetauschers - Google Patents

Verfahren zur reinigung eines wärmetauschers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2244848B1
EP2244848B1 EP08871095.9A EP08871095A EP2244848B1 EP 2244848 B1 EP2244848 B1 EP 2244848B1 EP 08871095 A EP08871095 A EP 08871095A EP 2244848 B1 EP2244848 B1 EP 2244848B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
deposits
cleaning solution
cleaning
heat exchanger
secondary chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08871095.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2244848A2 (de
Inventor
Ursula Hollwedel
Franz Ammann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Areva GmbH
Original Assignee
Areva GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Areva GmbH filed Critical Areva GmbH
Publication of EP2244848A2 publication Critical patent/EP2244848A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2244848B1 publication Critical patent/EP2244848B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/023—Cleaning the external surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
    • B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/48—Devices or arrangements for removing water, minerals or sludge from boilers ; Arrangement of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
    • F22B37/483—Devices or arrangements for removing water, minerals or sludge from boilers ; Arrangement of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers specially adapted for nuclear steam generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G9/00—Cleaning by flushing or washing, e.g. with chemical solvents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cleaning the secondary space of a heat exchanger, in particular a steam generator of a nuclear installation.
  • a method for cleaning the secondary space of a heat exchanger in particular a steam generator of a nuclear installation.
  • a heat exchanger has a primary and a secondary space, which are flowed through in each case by a primary or secondary coolant.
  • the primary coolant heated while releasing a portion of its heat flowing through the secondary chamber secondary coolant.
  • a special heat exchanger is the steam generator of a nuclear installation. In a pressurized water reactor, the primary coolant heated in the reactor core is supplied to a steam generator. With the help of the steam generator, a secondary coolant is heated or evaporated, with which in turn a generator is operated to generate electricity.
  • the container and support of the heat exchanger tubes are usually made of carbon steel or other low alloy steels.
  • Corrosion products mainly magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 )
  • magnetite Fe 3 O 4
  • These deposits and deposits mainly consist of magnetite, but also contain copper, nickel, zinc, chromium and other elements as well as their compounds.
  • the primary or tube side of a heat exchanger so the inside of the heat exchanger tubes, is relatively easy to achieve on the primary side water chamber, and therefore relatively easy to clean from any existing deposits.
  • the secondary space of a heat exchanger is relatively poorly accessible and therefore more difficult to clean.
  • a tube bundle of heat exchanger tubes extends into the secondary space.
  • the outer or shell sides of the heat exchanger tubes cover each other. On the shell side existing deposits are therefore difficult to remove.
  • other fixtures and brackets for mounting the heat exchanger tubes in the secondary chamber. Between the heat exchanger tubes and such support there are a variety of hard to reach cracks and gaps in which deposits can accumulate.
  • the deposits present in the secondary space involve various technical problems.
  • the deposits present on the surface of the heat exchanger tubes lead to a deterioration of the heat transfer between the primary and the secondary coolant.
  • the deposits cause various damage mechanisms. For example, these can accelerate the corrosion of the affected components.
  • the secondary chamber of the heat exchanger is cleaned and freed as far as possible from the deposits.
  • a so-called maintenance cleaning can be carried out in addition to a complete cleaning.
  • the aim of the maintenance cleaning is to remove the coverings to the extent that approximately the amount is removed from the steam generator, which has formed there since the last maintenance cleaning.
  • the state of the steam generator can be maintained or possibly slightly improved.
  • the DE 102 38 730 A1 discloses such a chemical cleaning method.
  • the steam generator is filled with a cleaning solution containing a complexing agent for the dissolution of iron-containing deposits, and treated at pressures between 6 and 10 bar, and at temperatures of about 140 ° C.
  • a cleaning solution containing a complexing agent for the dissolution of iron-containing deposits
  • For mixing of the cleaning solution of the steam generator is subjected to sudden pressure reliefs.
  • the cleaning solution is drained from the steam generator. If the deposits additionally contain copper or copper compounds, these are then treated with an alkaline cleaning solution in the presence of an oxidizing agent and a complexing agent dissolved.
  • US 6,523,502 B1 relates to a method for a nuclear plant that makes it its task to avoid clogging of the primary-side U-tubes of a steam generator by chipped magnetite-containing deposits. These magnetite-containing deposits develop internal stresses during cooling of the heat exchanger and therefore burst from the surface of the tubes. So that clogging of the U-shaped tubes can be avoided, they are acted upon during the cooling process with compressed air, so that the falling flakes are blown out of the pipes.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an alternative purification process which operates with improved efficiency and, accordingly, with reduced use of chemicals.
  • the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1.
  • the inventive method for cleaning the secondary chamber of a heat exchanger of the type mentioned includes the following steps: deposits present in the secondary chamber are dried, wherein the secondary space of the secondary coolant is mostly emptied. Subsequently, a cleaning solution is introduced into the secondary chamber.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the following considerations: It has been found that the deposits present in the secondary space of the heat exchanger are mechanically destabilized by drying. As a result, they at least partially burst from the surfaces of the secondary space.
  • the existing on the shell side of the heat exchanger tubes deposits are mainly solved and fall on the tubesheet. In this way, at least a portion of the deposits present on the surfaces of the secondary space can be removed without the use of chemicals.
  • the deposits removed in this way accumulate on the tubesheet of the heat exchanger.
  • the deposits still present on the surfaces are then at least partially removed with the aid of the cleaning solution introduced into the secondary chamber.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore a combined physico-chemical cleaning method.
  • the chemicals used to dissolve the deposits can be dispensed more sparingly for the following reasons.
  • the cleaning chemicals can be metered in substoichiometrically based on the mass of impurities present in the secondary space.
  • the accumulated on the tubesheet of the heat exchanger deposits offer, based on their mass, the cleaning solution to a relatively small surface.
  • the deposits still present on the surfaces of the secondary space have a comparatively large surface area, based on their mass.
  • the total surface area of the deposits present on the surfaces of the secondary space will generally be many times greater than the surface area of the deposits piled up on the tubesheet.
  • the cleaning solution used for cleaning the secondary chamber of the heat exchanger must therefore not completely dissolve the deposits and impurities present in the secondary space, and can therefore be metered under the stoichiometric amount, based on the total mass of the deposits.
  • it is merely waited until the deposits which are still present on the surfaces of the secondary space of the heat exchanger are dissolved.
  • the accumulated on the tube plate deposits are removed after draining the cleaning solution, for example by means of a mechanical cleaning process from the secondary chamber of the heat exchanger.
  • it can, for example, be rinsed (tube sheet lancing).
  • the physical drying step upstream of the dry cleaning which can be done, for example, by introducing hot air or inert gas, also causes the water contained in the surface pores and channels of the deposits to be removed.
  • pores present in the deposits may still be filled with water, so that, on the one hand, the penetration of cleaning solution is severely hindered, and, on the other hand, due to the presence of water, a local dilution which reduces the cleaning action takes place.
  • the cleaning solution Due to the upstream physical drying, the cleaning solution can penetrate practically undiluted into the pores and channels of the deposits. The cleaning solution is thus used more effectively than is possible with conventional methods. In a cost-saving manner, the cleaning can thus go faster and with less use of cleaning chemicals.
  • the drying of the deposits present in the secondary space is effected by evacuating the secondary space.
  • To support the evaporation of water drying takes place both by negative pressure, as well as in a further embodiment at elevated temperatures, for example by utilizing an operational residual heat.
  • the cleaning effect of a after the drying step filled cleaning solution is particularly high, if it is maintained in the secondary space existing vacuum during the entire filling phase.
  • the cleaning solution can penetrate more easily under vacuum into the evacuated cracks and pores than is possible under atmospheric pressure.
  • the cracks and pores contain virtually no gas, which otherwise has to be displaced by the cleaning liquid. The cleaning solution can thus more easily penetrate into the pores and cracks.
  • Another advantageous effect is that a part of the cleaning solution evaporates when it is introduced into the still hot and additionally subjected to negative pressure secondary chamber.
  • the gaseous cleaning solution condenses on the coverings and precipitates preferentially in the pores and cracks (capillary condensation).
  • the drying of the deposits causes them to be mechanically destabilized and at least partially flake off the surface of the secondary space.
  • This effect can be enhanced by boiling the cleaning solution introduced into the secondary chamber according to another embodiment.
  • the cleaning solution present in the pores and cracks of the deposits also begins to boil.
  • the resulting in the pores and cracks, so in the interior of the deposits, overpressure leads to a mechanical destabilization of the same.
  • the heating of the cleaning solution can be effected or assisted by introducing superheated steam into the secondary chamber.
  • the introduced into the cleaning solution hot steam causes in addition to the heating that it is mixed.
  • the deposits which form in operation on the surfaces of the secondary space of a heat exchanger or steam generator, contain mainly iron oxide (magnetite), but partly also metallic copper and copper compounds.
  • cleaning solutions can be used, as described in the publications mentioned above DE 102 38 730 A1 .
  • the drying step according to the invention is carried out at least once, namely before the steam generator is filled with the cleaning solution.
  • a procedure is for example when using cleaning chemicals after DE 198 57 342 A1 in which the steam generator is not emptied between magnetite and copper removal.
  • the cleaning solution is discharged, such as in the DE 102 38 730 A1 provided, another optional drying step can be carried out after draining the first cleaning solution.
  • an intermediate drying step can also be carried out in a method in which first the copper and then the magnetite is removed, as for example from the EP 0 198 340 A1 evident.
  • the cleaning solutions used are particularly effective at a temperature between 40 ° C and 160 ° C.
  • the dissolved deposits are removed by draining the cleaning solution from the secondary chamber of the heat exchanger.
  • the unresolved deposits, which have accumulated predominantly at the bottom of the heat exchanger, are removed by mechanical cleaning, for example by rinsing, from the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger is the steam generator of a nuclear installation.
  • the deposits consist mainly of magnetite.
  • the steam generator can be freed from magnetite-containing coverings in the context of a so-called maintenance cleaning (maintenance cleaning) with the method according to the invention.
  • the steam generator 2 in the lower region of the secondary chamber 6 supplied, now heated or evaporated secondary refrigerant is removed from this in the upper area, and used to operate a generator.
  • deposits 12 are formed in the secondary chamber 6. These form in the region of the holders 8, but especially on the outer or shell sides of the U-tubes 4 themselves.
  • Fig. 2 shows a section of the Fig. 1
  • a U-tube 4 through which primary coolant flows is shown, which is held by a holder 8 and opens a bottom plate 10 piercing into the primary region 5.
  • deposits are 12 available.
  • the quantitatively predominant part of the deposits 12 is on the surface of the U-tubes 4 itself.
  • the cleaning solution used to dissolve the magnetite coatings contains a complex-forming acid, for example ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), an alkalizing agent, for example ammonia, morpholine or a mixture of the substances mentioned, and a reducing agent, for example hydrazine.
  • EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • alkalizing agent for example ammonia, morpholine or a mixture of the substances mentioned
  • a reducing agent for example hydrazine.
  • other well-known cleaning solutions may also be used.
  • the cleaning solution is heated to a temperature in the range of 40 ° C to 160 ° C. This is preferably done by introducing superheated steam into the steam generator.
  • the cleaning solution is heated by means of the main coolant pump via the primary circuit of the nuclear facility. Will the cleaning solution heated to the extent that it boils, this leads to a thorough mixing of the cleaning solution.
  • inert gas is pressed into the steam generator for thorough mixing of the cleaning solution. Spent and unconsumed cleaning solution are mixed, in particular unused cleaning solution in places where still deposits 12 are present, so that they can be resolved.
  • the deposits 12 are additionally removed mechanically by the boiling cleaning solution from the surfaces of the steam generator.
  • the magnetite deposits dissolved by the cleaning solution are removed by draining the cleaning solution from the secondary chamber 6.
  • the remaining, not solved by the cleaning solution magnetite deposits, which are piled on the tube sheet 10 are removed mechanically, for example by rinsing the tube sheet 10, from the secondary chamber 6.
  • the copper-containing deposits 12 are dissolved by forming water-soluble complexes of the copper compounds.
  • a complexing agent for example, ethylenediamine (EDA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in amoniakalischer solution under oxidizing conditions is suitable. Oxidizing conditions are achieved, for example, by metering in hydrogen peroxide and / or blowing in, air or oxygen. After dissolution of the copper-containing deposits 12, the cleaning solution is drained from the steam generator 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP08871095.9A 2008-01-18 2008-12-23 Verfahren zur reinigung eines wärmetauschers Not-in-force EP2244848B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008005199.3A DE102008005199B4 (de) 2008-01-18 2008-01-18 Verfahren zur Reinigung eines Wärmetauschers
PCT/EP2008/068258 WO2009089991A2 (de) 2008-01-18 2008-12-23 Verfahren zur reinigung eines wärmetauschers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2244848A2 EP2244848A2 (de) 2010-11-03
EP2244848B1 true EP2244848B1 (de) 2015-04-08

Family

ID=40765514

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08871095.9A Not-in-force EP2244848B1 (de) 2008-01-18 2008-12-23 Verfahren zur reinigung eines wärmetauschers

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20100313913A1 (es)
EP (1) EP2244848B1 (es)
JP (1) JP5627468B2 (es)
KR (1) KR20100123696A (es)
AR (1) AR070183A1 (es)
CA (1) CA2706303A1 (es)
DE (1) DE102008005199B4 (es)
ES (1) ES2537807T3 (es)
WO (1) WO2009089991A2 (es)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101667743B1 (ko) 2008-12-03 2016-10-19 도미니온 엔지니어링 인코포레이티드 증기 분사를 이용한 화학적 세정 방법 및 시스템
DE102010039413B4 (de) * 2010-08-17 2012-03-29 Areva Np Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entnahme einer Probe aus einem Dampferzeuger
CN103182389B (zh) * 2011-12-30 2016-01-27 中国原子能科学研究院 一种反应堆换热器的物理化学混合清洗工艺
WO2015044709A1 (es) 2013-09-24 2015-04-02 Gd Energy Services, S.A.R.L. Procedimiento de limpieza quimica de intercambiadores de calor
JP7067217B2 (ja) * 2018-04-09 2022-05-16 株式会社Soken 熱交換装置
JP6938421B2 (ja) * 2018-04-17 2021-09-22 株式会社神戸製鋼所 流体流路装置
US20220331846A1 (en) * 2021-04-16 2022-10-20 BWXT Isotope Technology Group, Inc. Clean-in-place and product recovery method

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GB849053A (en) * 1958-11-18 1960-09-21 Exxon Research Engineering Co Removing deposits from oil fired furnaces
US3013909A (en) * 1960-03-31 1961-12-19 Guyon P Pancer Method of chemical decontamination of stainless steel nuclear facilities
DE2817435A1 (de) * 1978-04-21 1979-10-31 Cleamax Ltd Verfahren und vorrichtung zur oberflaechenbehandlung von gegenstaenden
US4277289A (en) * 1978-07-19 1981-07-07 Aluminum Pechiney Process for removing titaniferous and silico-aluminous incrustations from surfaces
DD147718A1 (de) * 1979-12-05 1981-04-15 Bernhard Wimmler Anordnung zur thermischen reinigung von oberflaechenkondensatoren
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DE3533886A1 (de) * 1985-04-16 1987-03-26 Kraftwerk Union Ag Reinigungsverfahren
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FR2708628B1 (fr) * 1993-07-29 1997-07-18 Framatome Sa Procédé de nettoyage chimique de pièces en matériau métallique.
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DE10238730A1 (de) * 2002-08-23 2004-03-04 Framatome Anp Gmbh Verfahren zur Reinigung des Dampferzeugers eines Druckwasserreaktors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5627468B2 (ja) 2014-11-19
EP2244848A2 (de) 2010-11-03
AR070183A1 (es) 2010-03-17
US20100313913A1 (en) 2010-12-16
JP2011511918A (ja) 2011-04-14
ES2537807T3 (es) 2015-06-12
WO2009089991A2 (de) 2009-07-23
DE102008005199B4 (de) 2014-01-23
KR20100123696A (ko) 2010-11-24
CA2706303A1 (en) 2009-07-23
DE102008005199A1 (de) 2009-07-30
WO2009089991A3 (de) 2009-12-10

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