EP2132345B1 - Schmelzmetallurgisches verfahren zur herstellung von metallschmelzen und übergangsmetallhaltiger zuschlagstoff zur verwendung in diesen - Google Patents

Schmelzmetallurgisches verfahren zur herstellung von metallschmelzen und übergangsmetallhaltiger zuschlagstoff zur verwendung in diesen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2132345B1
EP2132345B1 EP08715538.8A EP08715538A EP2132345B1 EP 2132345 B1 EP2132345 B1 EP 2132345B1 EP 08715538 A EP08715538 A EP 08715538A EP 2132345 B1 EP2132345 B1 EP 2132345B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
additive
weight
melt
slag
alloying component
Prior art date
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EP08715538.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2132345A1 (de
Inventor
Ulrich Meyn
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MKN Technologies GmbH
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MKN Technologies GmbH
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Priority to PL08715538T priority Critical patent/PL2132345T3/pl
Publication of EP2132345A1 publication Critical patent/EP2132345A1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
    • C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
    • C22B23/0415—Leaching processes with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions
    • C22B23/043—Sulfurated acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
    • C21C5/32—Blowing from above
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/36—Processes yielding slags of special composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
    • C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
    • C22B3/08—Sulfuric acid, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
    • C22B9/103—Methods of introduction of solid or liquid refining or fluxing agents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a melt-metallurgical process for producing a melt according to the preamble of claim 1 with at least one base metal having at least 10 wt .-% iron and at least one further alloying ingredient in a melting vessel, wherein the melt is covered with a slag.
  • the invention further relates to a transition metal-containing, in particular nickel and / or cobalt-containing, additive for producing transition metal-containing, in particular nickel and / or cobalt-containing, alloys, wherein the additive is present as a solid and has a transition metal content of ⁇ 15 wt .-%. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of such an additive in the method according to the invention.
  • alloy constituents In order to produce iron alloys or steels enriched with certain alloy constituents, it is usually necessary to supply alloy constituents to the melt in order to adjust the composition of the melt.
  • Such constituents may in particular be nickel, cobalt but also vanadium, molybdenum, etc.
  • Ferroalloys such as ferronickel, ferro-cobalt, etc. are often used to adjust the melt composition, but also oxidic components such as NiO or nickel ores such as laterites, which have a corresponding nickel content.
  • oxidic components such as NiO or nickel ores such as laterites, which have a corresponding nickel content.
  • the addition of these ingredients is always associated with certain disadvantages.
  • ferroalloys to adjust the contents of the alloy components in the melt is relatively expensive and requires a large amount of energy.
  • the use of oxidic minerals to adjust the melt composition has the disadvantage that often a great deal of effort is required to remove unwanted impurities from unwanted trace elements such as phosphorus, tin, arsenic or certain steels cobalt, molybdenum, etc. from the ores. Even by enrichment processes such as flotation, such impurities are not always sufficient to remove. If unwanted constituents such as phosphorus, sulfur, etc.
  • nickel oxide is toxic and carcinogenic, so its use is to be avoided.
  • the WO 97/20954 describes a melt metallurgical process for the production of ferro-nickel, stainless steel or the like in which nickel, nickel ores or calcined nickel compounds are fed to a molten slag-covering slag.
  • the EP 583 164 A1 describes a process for producing stainless steel wherein finely divided oxides are mixed with finely divided reducing agents mixed to form agglomerates.
  • the US 4,919,714 describes a process for refining steel in which gas is injected into a melt with stirring while heat is supplied to the melt surface by a burner and metal oxides are added to the melt.
  • the WO 03/018850 A1 describes a steelmaking process wherein a solidified hydroxide slurry containing metals from a steel pickling process and at least one fluoride-containing compound is fed to the melt.
  • the WO 2005/098054 A1 describes a process for producing a flux which can be used in steelmaking, wherein the flux is a fluoride-containing, calcined hydroxide slurry.
  • the WO 2006/131764 A1 describes a process for producing ferroalloys wherein chromium metal, chromium-containing alloys and chrome ore are fed to a slag-covered melt.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, a method for the manufacture of alloy melts enriched metal melts, which are preferably covered with a slag and in mass transfer to provide, which is simple and inexpensive to carry out and which allows a simple way a melt metallurgical control. Furthermore, the object is to provide an additive which can be used particularly advantageously and inexpensively in such a method.
  • the invention is achieved by providing a method according to claim 1 and providing an aggregate according to claim 15.
  • the process according to the invention uses adjuvants containing the alloying constituent to be enriched and high contents of molten metallurgically volatile constituents, in particular water and / or carbonate, the low sulfur contents, low contents of slag formers such as calcium and / or magnesium oxide, etc., as well as ores have high contents of the respective alloying ingredient.
  • the water may in particular be present at least substantially or practically exclusively as chemically bound water in the form of water of crystallization and / or hydroxide groups.
  • Such additives can be obtained in particular by the treatment of ores, for example by leaching of laterite ores, if the components to be alloyed nickel and / or cobalt.
  • these leaches can be worked up to separate other undesirable components, optionally, the desired alloying constituents can also be separated directly from these leaching by precipitation.
  • the respective precipitates can then be separated and dried, in particular in order to obtain pneumatically or gravity-feedable additives.
  • the aggregates thus obtained can be calcined or precalcined in a separate step to the content of the at Addition of the additive to the melt volatilizing components such as chemically bound water, for example in the form of water of crystallization and / or to reduce from hydroxide groups and / or carbonate, without this being always necessary.
  • the content of undesirable constituents which are neither desired alloy constituents nor constituents which volatilize in the addition of the aggregate to the molten metal nor which are slag formers may be ⁇ 15-20% by weight, ⁇ 5-10% by weight or else ⁇ 2-3 wt .-% based on the aggregate used.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly applicable when the base metal of the melt, ie the main alloy constituent thereof, is iron or the melt generally contains ⁇ 10-20% by weight of iron or is iron-containing, but also with other base metals which may in general be transition metals.
  • the process is particularly suitable for the production of steels, including low, medium and high alloyed steels.
  • the steels preferably have a high carbon content, for example ⁇ 1.5% by weight, ⁇ 1.75-2% by weight or ⁇ 2.25-2.5% by weight or ⁇ 2.75-3% by weight % Of carbon, based on the carbon content of the melt, into which the Aggregate is introduced or based on the end product of the respective Stahlher einverfaherns as it is produced in the respective melt vessel.
  • the nickel content of the resulting melt after completion of the addition of a Ni-containing additive may be ⁇ 1.5-1.75 wt .-%, ⁇ 2-2.75 wt .-% or ⁇ 3-4 wt .-%, for example about 5 wt .-% or greater.
  • the process according to the invention is furthermore preferably usable in the preparation of Cr-Fe or Cr-Fe-Ni master alloys which have a Cr content of ⁇ 30-35% by weight, ⁇ 40-45% by weight or ⁇ 45 -50 wt .-% chromium, wherein the carbon content of the melt in the process step of adding the additive according to the invention or the final product ⁇ 2-3 wt .-%, ⁇ 3.5-4 wt .-% or ⁇ 4.5 -5 wt .-% may be and wherein the melt is preferably prepared in a converter process.
  • the carbon content is usually ⁇ 8-10 wt .-%.
  • the addition of the additive according to the invention therefore usually takes place during a decarburization process carried out by means of a lance or during a refining process or directly preceding or following it.
  • the addition of the additive according to the invention preferably takes place during a main decarburization phase of the respective process of steelmaking or production of the respective alloy.
  • the additive used according to the invention is thus preferably still supplied to decarburizing melts, it being possible for partial decarburization to take place during the supply of the additive.
  • the additive to be alloyed is introduced into the respective upper space of the melt vessel or converter, ie from above the slag covering the melt, wherein the feed additive outlet is preferably spaced from the slag so that the additive travels through the atmosphere to the slag Melt down to take.
  • the additive present as a solid is fed by means of a gas stream to produce a slag-free focal spot of the molten metal directly in this.
  • the focal spot of the molten metal thus arises from the fact that the slag from the gas stream at the Appearance is completely displaced, so that the aggregate - taking into account its calcination in the feed from the feeder to the melt - can come into direct contact with the molten metal without having to pass through the slag.
  • the focal spot has the highest possible temperature, for example from ⁇ 1750 ° to 1800 ° C., preferably ⁇ 2000 ° to 2200 ° C. or ⁇ 2400 ° to 2,500 ° C, more preferably temperatures of ⁇ 2,600 ° C. Due to the very high focal spot temperatures (i.e., temperatures of the melt in the focal spot), an extremely rapid absorption of the alloying constituents from the aggregate into the melt takes place.
  • the calcination of the aggregate can be controlled in such a way, in particular by the conveying speed of the aggregate in the direction of the melt, that this takes place only immediately after or at the outlet from the usually formed as a lance feeder.
  • the calcination may in this case take place partially or predominantly during the transport from the lance to the melt surface, but also to a significant or predominant proportion directly in the focal spot (ie the melt surface exposed by the injection) or in the impact zone of the added aggregate on the molten bath, in which the melt a sink training, instead.
  • the endothermic calcination processes of the additive thus take place before it enters the melt or directly in the focal spot or the impact zone, so that a very fine separation of the aggregates takes place during the calcination and prior to their absorption by the melt.
  • the calcination gases thus penetrate only to a small extent or practically not in the molten metal and calcination of the additive in the nozzle zone, ie before exiting a lance nozzle or the like is avoided.
  • the energy balance of the manufacturing process is better controlled, which brings with it special advantages in the process management, especially with regard to the prevention of slagging of certain alloying components such.
  • the additive containing the alloying elements is preferably supplied in a stream of solids to the melt, which is surrounded by a gas stream. This can effectively create a focal spot in the melt and avoid interaction or chemical reaction of the aggregate with the slag. At the same time thereby the solids flow can be focused or adjusted in its diameter. Furthermore, the depth of penetration of the additive into the molten metal or the place of calcination can be controlled independently of the solids supply by the gas jacket and / or escape of dusts such as nickel oxide dusts are avoided from the solids flow. Furthermore, escape of volatiles formed during calcination such as H 2 O, CO 2 and the like is avoided, which is desirable in certain process controls.
  • the sheathing of the solids flow through the gas or conveying gas flow is thus preferably from the feeder, in particular a gas lance, into the focal spot.
  • the conveyor or the lance is cooled, in particular water-cooled.
  • the enveloping gas can at the same time be the conveying gas for the flow of solids.
  • the delivery gas is inert with respect to the aggregate, at least until it exits from the supply means such as a lance, or totally inert under the process conditions.
  • the conveying gas may under certain circumstances be air, preferably air enriched with nitrogen or other inert gases, or directly nitrogen or another inert gas such as argon.
  • the conveying gas does not have an oxygen content which is increased in relation to air.
  • the lance may have in a known manner a central tube for supplying solids and radially outside another coaxially arranged tube with a larger diameter or a preferably substantially circular arrangement of mostly several outlet nozzles for the sheath gas.
  • the outlet nozzles of the solids flow and / or the jacket gas can be designed in particular as Laval nozzles.
  • the possibly used carrier gas emerges together with the solids from the central tube.
  • the lance can have a water-cooled jacket.
  • the device for supplying or blowing in the additives according to the invention can be designed in the manner of a closed system, so that any human contact with the material can be avoided. This is especially important in the case of nickel-containing aggregates.
  • a silo in a pneumatic system, a silo can be loaded by a means of transport with the aid of compressed air and the dusts can be further supplied by pressure vessels to the feeder or the lance. The exiting from the lance aggregates are encased by a gas stream to minimize losses of aggregates here.
  • the endothermic effect resulting from the calcination may also be deliberately exploited to lower the bath temperature.
  • the oxygen-containing sheathing gas and / or the conveying gas can be partially or completely replaced by inert gases.
  • the highly exothermic decarburization reaction taking place by the reaction of the oxygen-containing gases with the carbon of the melt will then be partly or completely omitted.
  • the gas supply can also be carried out in such a way that a control of the temperature of the melt takes place in a predetermined process, in which the oxygen content of the shell gas and / or the delivery gas depending on process parameters of the manufacturing process such. the focal spot temperature and / or the temperature of the melt is varied elsewhere.
  • the oxygen content of the conveying and / or jacketing gas can be increased and the proportions of inert gases can be reduced and vice versa.
  • the additive to be used according to the invention can thus generally be supplied to the melt during the fresh phase of the metallurgical process, in particular the main fresh phase.
  • the jacket gas stream may contain ⁇ 25 wt .-% or ⁇ 50 wt .-% or ⁇ 75 wt .-% oxygen, in certain process variants permanently or temporarily also ⁇ 80, ⁇ 90 or ⁇ 95 wt .-% or even ⁇ 98 wt .-% contain oxygen or practical be pure oxygen.
  • the oxygen content of the jacket gas stream may be ⁇ 95 to 98 wt .-%, optionally ⁇ 80 to 90 wt .-% or even ⁇ 60 to 70 wt .-%, optionally also ⁇ 50 or ⁇ 25 wt .-%.
  • the oxygen content of the jacket gas and also of the delivery gas can be adjusted by using inert gases, for example ⁇ 10 to 20 or ⁇ 5% by weight of the gas, or virtually pure inert gases can be used.
  • the inert gas to be used depends on the respective process conditions, it may for example be nitrogen, preferably argon.
  • the delivery gas and / or the shell gas has a composition such that it is also inert with respect to the calcination of the precursor, i. H. no or only a minor reaction of the delivery and / or jacketing gas with the precursor and / or its calcination occurs or no or virtually no heat of reaction is released. This should be done for the period before the aggregate exits the feeder such as e.g. a lance, preferably in general.
  • further solids can be added to the melt together with the at least one additive which contains at least one further alloying constituent, for example further alloy constituents, which may also be of a conventional type, such as ferroalloys, and / or slag Forming substances such as calcium and / or magnesium compounds (eg CaO, MgO, dolomite, etc.), silicates or quartz, without being limited thereto.
  • the content of these further solids in the additive stream may be ⁇ 50% by weight, preferably ⁇ 20-25% by weight or ⁇ 10-20% by weight, in particular also ⁇ 5-9% by weight or ⁇ 2 4% by weight.
  • the additive stream may be free of such further solids.
  • the aggregate flow supplied to the melt may contain other solids or constituents, such as carbons, hydrocarbons in solid, liquid or gaseous form or other reducing agents such as ferrosilicon, aluminum, ferroaluminum, etc.
  • the additive to be alloyed contains ⁇ 10% by weight or ⁇ 5% by weight of such solids or reducing agents, preferably ⁇ 2 to 3% by weight or ⁇ 1% by weight.
  • the aggregate stream, optionally including gaseous components contained therein, and / or the jacket gas stream may also be free of (particulate) carbon, hydrocarbons and / or other reducing agents.
  • the lance used for the supply of aggregates thus acts not or only to a minor extent in the manner of a burner, with any reactions to take place outside the lance.
  • the additive used which may have a high content of chemically bound water, may be prepared for pneumatic conveying and / or gravity promotion suitable.
  • the content of free, only physically bound water (residual moisture) hereby may be ⁇ 5% by weight, preferably ⁇ 2-3% by weight or ⁇ 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the additive.
  • other types of conveying or feeding into the melt can be selected.
  • the aggregate may contain ⁇ 60-70% by weight, ⁇ 75-80% by weight or ⁇ 85-90% by weight or else ⁇ 95% by weight of the constituents (1) intended alloy components, (2) volatile constituents without negative metallurgical properties and (3) slag emulsions.
  • the solid additive used may be present in an average or maximum particle size of ⁇ 10 mm, ⁇ 3 to 5 mm or the like, optionally also in a finely divided form, such as a powder, e.g. with grain sizes of ⁇ 0.5-1mm, or in the form of dusts.
  • the aggregate may also be in compacted or agglomerated form, e.g. in briquetted, pelleted or granulated form, wherein the briquettes, pellets, etc. burst due to the calcination reaction and evaporation of water and / or CO2 in the supply to the focal spot and can split themselves independently finely.
  • the method according to the invention can be in particular an AOD method.
  • the melt vessel may each be an argon-oxygen decarburizer (AOD), Creusot-Loire-Uddeholm (CLU) converter, a vacuum-oxygen (VOD) converter or a Cr-converter.
  • AOD argon-oxygen decarburizer
  • CLU Creusot-Loire-Uddeholm
  • VOD vacuum-oxygen
  • Cr-converter argon-oxygen decarburizer
  • the melt vessel may be a BOP or Q-BOP converter.
  • the process may be an electro-steel process, for example, an electric arc furnace method.
  • the alloy constituents to be introduced for adjusting the composition of the molten bath may contain ⁇ 5-10% by weight or ⁇ 20-25% by weight, ⁇ 30-35% by weight or ⁇ 40-50% by weight of the additives according to the invention , which may have high levels of chemically bound water or calcining components are supplied.
  • ⁇ 75% by weight or about 100% by weight of the alloy constituents can also be supplied by the additives used according to the invention.
  • the additive stream may be ⁇ 100 kg / min, preferably 200-500 kg / min or more, in each case based on a melt of 100 to 120 tons of metal weight (ie without slag weight), with correspondingly being valid for larger amounts of melt.
  • the additive to be used in the process according to the invention can thus be obtained by dissolving or leaching the relevant alloy constituents, in particular transition metals, from an ore, a suitably prepared ore or generally a product containing the alloy constituents, which may for example also be a waste material.
  • this can be precipitated by suitable means, for example by basic agents such as MgO, CaO, dolomite, etc., which can be optionally used as a slurry, ammonia or Ammonium salts and / or carbonates or the like.
  • the precipitation can be carried out at elevated temperatures or room temperature, in exceptional cases also under cooling.
  • the resulting precipitate may thus be essentially a hydrous hydroxide, carbonate or a mixed hydroxide / carbonate.
  • the precipitation of the alloying component forming transition metal is carried out without the use of S-containing precipitants or without means that lead to an S-entry in the precipitate to be recovered.
  • the alloying constituent is thus precipitated in a mold so that the resulting aggregate consists predominantly or practically exclusively of constituents which are present in the calcination of the Aggregate when it is transferred into the upper melting vessel space, apart from the alloy constituent predominantly or practically exclusively volatile components such as H 2 O, CO 2 , etc., unlike S-containing gases such as SO 2 are melt metallurgically harmless, and / or release slag-forming components ,
  • the solution containing the alloying ingredient may be treated after dissolution or leaching of the ore or other suitable material to remove certain constituents, such as impurities. It is understood that, where appropriate, the enrichment of the transition metal from the respective source can be done in other ways, for example by extraction methods, even if they are less preferred.
  • the aggregate can then be treated in such a way that it can be conveyed pneumatically or by gravity; for this purpose, the additive can have a residual moisture of physically bound water of ⁇ 5% by weight, preferably ⁇ 1 to 3% by weight. It is understood that the residual moisture to be set depends on the respective process conditions.
  • the ready-to-use additive may have a content of ⁇ 10-15 wt .-%, ⁇ 15-20 wt .-% or even ⁇ 25-30 wt .-% of volatile in the calcination metallurgically harmless ingredients such as H 2 O and / or CO 2 , for example, ⁇ 30-35 wt .-% or ⁇ 35-40 wt .-%.
  • the content of these components is preferably ⁇ 65-70% by weight, for example ⁇ 60-65% by weight, ⁇ 55-60% by weight or ⁇ 55-60% by weight.
  • the chemically bound water may in this case be present in particular in the form of water of crystallization and / or hydroxide groups.
  • the aggregate may be precalcined to remove, for example, already a portion of the chemically bound water of crystallization, but such a step is not mandatory.
  • the statements made here can generally apply in the context of the present invention.
  • the essential metallic constituent or main constituent of the aggregate whose content in the molten metal is to be increased, at least one or more transition metals.
  • the transition metal with the highest content or the transition metals may be present individually or in total ⁇ 25-30 wt .-% or 40-50 wt .-%, preferably ⁇ 60-70 wt .-%, based on the total metal content of the aggregate, wherein here all metals, including Fe and slag-forming metals such as Ca, Mg, etc. are included.
  • the transition metal or metals are preferably those which, under the present process conditions, are in contact with the melt or after incorporation into the melt reducible oxides, so that the at least one transition metal is converted into the melt by melt metallurgical reaction with the melt in metallic form.
  • the melt thus acts on the transition metal oxide, which is formed by calcination of the additive, or possibly reducing itself to the additive itself.
  • the transition metal present in oxidic and / or metallic form preferably has not too high or virtually negligible vapor pressure, so that losses due to evaporating metal and / or metal oxide are avoided or minimized. This includes losses due to a material discharge of the metal oxide or the aggregate itself by the escaping calcination gases.
  • An essential component or main component of the additive may be at least one transition metal such as Ni, Co, V, Mo, Mn, Cr, Ti, Zr, W, Nb, Ta or a combination thereof, preferably the transition metal is Ni, Co, Mo or V In particular, Ni or Co may be present in combination, with Ni or Co being the main constituent.
  • transition metal such as Ni, Co, V, Mo, Mn, Cr, Ti, Zr, W, Nb, Ta or a combination thereof, preferably the transition metal is Ni, Co, Mo or V
  • Ni or Co may be present in combination, with Ni or Co being the main constituent.
  • nickel- and / or cobalt-containing aggregates it is particularly advantageous to use leaching of laterite or laterite ores, for example saprolite.
  • lateitic nickel ores two types can be distinguished: a very iron-rich Ni-limonite ore containing about 1 to 2% by weight of nickel bound to goethite, or nickel-silicate ores often containing more than 2% by weight of nickel; which is bound in silicates, in particular to serpentine. It is understood that other suitable sources, in particular also ores, are to be used for other transition metals.
  • the leaching of Ni / Co in particular acids can be used, for example sulfuric acid.
  • the leaching is preferably carried out by heap leaching.
  • the leaching can generally be carried out at atmospheric pressure or at elevated pressure, for example by high-pressure acid leaching.
  • other methods such as biological leaching, ammonia / ammonium leaching and the like may also be used. This may generally apply to other transition metals derived from ores or other sources.
  • the leaching is carried out without the use of sulfides and / or chlorides, which may also apply to the other process steps for the production of the additive.
  • cobalt for example by means of suitable complexing agents such as phosphonic acids, etc. This also generally applies to the separation of other undesirable components such as unwanted alloying constituents, both for the production of Ni-containing or other transition metal-containing aggregates.
  • nickel and cobalt may then be co-precipitated to give so-called mixed precipitates (MHP). This applies accordingly to other mixed transition metal precipitation.
  • the nickel-containing additive may have a nickel content of ⁇ 5-10 wt .-%, for example ⁇ 15 to 17 wt .-% or ⁇ 20 to 23 wt .-%, optionally also ⁇ 25 to 27 wt .-%, including the content of residual moisture or in each case based on a substance having a residual moisture content of about 0 wt .-%.
  • the nickel content is typically ⁇ 50-55 wt .-% or even ⁇ 40-45 wt .-%, but may also be up to about 60-65 wt .-% or higher.
  • the data relate to the additive to be used in the smelting metallurgical process.
  • Co-containing aggregates or other first transition metal period transition metals such as V, etc. including mixed aggregates containing two or more alloying constituents, such as Ni / Co aggregates, with higher-grade transition metals, such as Mo, taking into account the ratio the atomic weights of the transition metal of the higher period to that of the first period such as Ni applies.
  • the following information relates to a Ni / Co-containing aggregate, which is produced in particular by laterite leaching, but may also generally be considered within the scope of the invention.
  • the additive can chemically bound water in the form of water of crystallization and / or hydroxide groups in a proportion of ⁇ 5-10 or up to 11 wt .-% or ⁇ 15 to 21 wt .-%, optionally also ⁇ 25 to 30 wt .-% or ⁇ 35-40 wt .-%, which may also generally apply to be used in the invention additives.
  • the aggregate contains no more than 50-55% by weight or 60-65% by weight of water (including in bound form). If the aggregate is in the form of carbonate or mixed hydroxide / carbonate, the contents shall be deemed to correspond to the content of CO2 and / or chemically bound water.
  • the sulfur content of the additive is preferably ⁇ 5-10% by weight, in particular ⁇ 4% by weight or ⁇ 2-3% by weight.
  • the sulfur content is ⁇ 0.5-1% by weight or ⁇ 0.2-0.3% by weight.
  • the same can also apply to the content of Cl. This can each generally within the scope of the invention.
  • the Co content is preferably ⁇ 2.5-2% by weight, ⁇ 1.75-1.5% by weight or ⁇ 1.25-1 wt%.
  • the aggregate is used to alloy nickel and e.g. Ni is present as the main constituent.
  • the Co content is therefore uncritical with respect to other co-sources of the melt, so that there are no restrictions on the amount in which the aggregate can be used in the respective process in order to avoid undesirably high Co contents ,
  • the content of P, Cu, Sn, Pb, Nb, As, Cd and / or Pd in the aggregate is limited to those values not limited to the amount of aggregate to be added to the respective melt, by the upper limits of said components in the melt to be able to comply. If only Ni is to be alloyed by the additive, this also applies to the components Co, V, Mo, and vice versa. Because the additive can be obtained via an aqueous solution of the respective desired transition metal, the contents of said components can be comparatively easily controlled by known means.
  • the aggregate may contain other alloying constituents, such as cobalt (in the case of a Ni aggregate) or nickel (in the case of a Co aggregate), manganese, etc., if these elements are desired or not interfering with the intended use.
  • alloying constituents such as cobalt (in the case of a Ni aggregate) or nickel (in the case of a Co aggregate), manganese, etc., if these elements are desired or not interfering with the intended use.
  • a laterite leached Ni and / or Co-containing additive may further contain manganese (for example, ⁇ 0.25 to 5 wt .-% or ⁇ 1 to 2 wt .-%), wherein the content ⁇ 7 , 5 to 10 wt .-% or ⁇ 5 wt .-%, cobalt with proportions of ⁇ 0.1 to 0.25 wt .-% or ⁇ 0.75 wt .-%, wherein the cobalt content ⁇ 3 to 5% by weight or ⁇ 2 wt .-% may be.
  • manganese for example, ⁇ 0.25 to 5 wt .-% or ⁇ 1 to 2 wt .-%, wherein the content ⁇ 7 , 5 to 10 wt .-% or ⁇ 5 wt .-%, cobalt with proportions of ⁇ 0.1 to 0.25 wt .-% or ⁇ 0.75 wt .-%, wherein the cobalt content
  • the content of alloying agents including iron, in this case ⁇ 1 to 2 wt .-% or ⁇ 3 wt .-% and can be ⁇ 15 wt .-%, ⁇ 10 to 12 wt .-% or even ⁇ 8 to 10 wt .-% amount. This also applies generally in the context of the invention.
  • the aggregate may further contain slag-forming constituents such as Ca, Mg.
  • the content of the slag-forming constituents or the content of Ca and / or Mg in the aggregate may be ⁇ 0.5 to 1 wt% or 1.5 to 2 wt%, for example ⁇ 3 to 5 wt% , based on the additive free from residual moisture and in each case based on the weight of the metal.
  • the slag-forming components or Ca and / or Mg may be in a form suitable for the melt-metallurgical process, e.g. as oxide, hydroxide and / or carbonate but also silicate.
  • the content of slag-forming constituents may be ⁇ 25% by weight or ⁇ 15 to 20% by weight, in particular ⁇ 10 to 12% by weight or ⁇ 6 to 8% by weight, based on that to be used in the process Add additive without residual moisture.
  • the stated contents may be understood as including Mn, Cr, Si, Ti, Si and / or Fe, or excluding these. The above can generally be considered within the scope of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention, wherein in a melting vessel 1, for example in the form of a converter, a molten metal 2 is provided, which is covered by a slag 3.
  • the melt may be an iron alloy, for example one for producing a Ni-alloyed steel having a nickel content of 1.5 to 30 wt .-%, in particular common Ni or Cr / Ni steels such as 18/8 Cr / Ni steel and / or steels with a P and S content of ⁇ 0.005 wt .-% or ⁇ 0.0035 wt .-%, which may apply regardless of the embodiment.
  • the slag is in this case a conventional slag for producing the respective alloy, for example containing high proportions of chromium oxide, MgO, CaO and / or SiO 2, which can intervene in addition to the coverage of the melt in the metallurgy of the melt.
  • a preferably water-cooled lance 4 which is arranged above the slag, is provided, which preferably penetrates into the upper region of the melting vessel 1.
  • the lance 4 consists of a central tube 5 for injecting the solid aggregate into the melt, which is surrounded on the outside by an outer tube 6 or a plurality of circumferentially around the central tube arranged individual tubes, for example ⁇ 2-3 or ⁇ 4-6 individual tubes.
  • the pipe ends can with nozzle-like outlet openings, z. B. be provided in the form of Laval nozzles in order to inject the aggregate at high speed, preferably supersonic speed, into the melt can.
  • the solid, pneumatically conveyable additive is thus, optionally injected through the central tube in the melt by means of a suitable conveying gas such as oxygen, through the outer tubes 6, a gas stream is ejected in the direction of the molten metal, which sheathed and focused the emerging from the central tube 5 solids flow ,
  • the gas jacket 7 serves, on the one hand, to materially shield the solids flow 8 from the environment and to further focus, in particular also with regard to the high proportion of volatile constituents which form during the calcination of the additive.
  • the gas stream also serves to penetrate the slag at least almost or completely and thereby to produce a slag-free focal spot 9, in which the molten metal 2 is thus exposed.
  • the temperature of the melt in the region of the focal spot can be, for example, 2,400 to 2,600 ° C.
  • the aggregate is in this case injected into the melt at such a rate that calcination of the aggregate takes place with elimination of H 2 O, CO 2 and optionally other volatile constituents, only at or after discharge of the aggregate from the lance nozzle.
  • the decomposition of the additive takes place here due to the high ambient temperatures, eg. B. the heat of radiation of the Schmelzgefäßwandung 1 a, the molten metal and the like predominantly or completely on the way from the lance nozzle 4 a to the molten pool.
  • Any non-calcined fractions of the aggregate are calcined in the focal spot 9 or the impact zone 10 onto the molten metal.
  • all volatiles such as H 2 O, CO 2 and the like are thus volatilized, so that only the non-volatile constituents, such as metal oxides, enter the melt and are taken up by it.
  • the gas passed through the central tube 5 via the flow of solids may be air, a gas depleted of oxygen or inert gas.
  • the jacketing gas performed by the outer tubes 6 may be air, an oxygen-enriched gas or pure oxygen, an inert gas, or mixtures of these.
  • the oxygen content must be adapted to the respective process conditions such as the heat balance of the melt metallurgical process.
  • further solids such as alloy constituents, slag formers or the like can be supplied to the melt with the additive stream, without this being absolutely necessary.
  • the additive stream does not contain reducing agents such as carbon, ferrosilicon, aluminum or the like.
  • the process according to the invention can be an AOD process, optionally also an electrometallurgical process.
  • the feeder of aggregates for adjusting the alloy content of the melt using highly hydrous substances is possible, whereby the manufacturing cost of the respective alloy can be significantly reduced, in particular because the aggregate cost-effectively and other costly process steps such as slag work to reduce the sulfur content of the melt, etc. avoided can be.
  • Such a process is especially given by the fact that the additive is injected directly into the very hot, slag-free focal spot.
  • the aggregate can be obtained in particular by leaching of laterites, for example by leaching using sulfuric acid at atmospheric pressure or at elevated pressure, but optionally also by other leaching methods.
  • the nickel-containing additive can then be precipitated by suitable precipitating agents such as a MgO and / or CaO slurry, by addition of carbonates such as sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, dolomite, etc., by addition of ammonia or ammonium compounds to form essentially a nickel hydroxide.
  • Nickel carbonate or mixed nickel hydroxide / carbonate to produce.
  • the reaction with the precipitating agent can be carried out at elevated temperatures, for example at 30-80 ° C or higher, in suitable periods of, for example, a few minutes to 1 hour.
  • cobalt can be separated by suitable methods, for example by extraction methods.
  • the aggregate can be pre-dried to a residual moisture, which allows a pneumatic delivery of the same. Residual moisture here is to be understood as meaning physically bound water which can be removed at temperatures of ⁇ 120 to 150 ° C. in a suitable period of time, for example in one to two hours.
  • the aggregate can be prepared for a gravity feed suitable.
  • the aggregate may be mechanically worked up to obtain a suitable grain size or size, optionally also compacted or agglomerated.
  • the nickel content thereof is typically about 15 to 55% by weight, in particular about 20 to about 40% by weight, based on the predried aggregate (without residual moisture).
  • the content of chemically bound water in the form of water of crystallization and / or hydroxide is typically 30 to 50 wt .-% or 40 to 50 wt .-%. It is understood that optionally the aggregate can be precalcined at higher temperatures in order to reduce the water and / or carbonate content, without this being absolutely necessary.
  • the products were each obtained by leaching of laterites by means of 80% strength sulfuric acid at 90 ° C. for 0.5 hours (about 20 g of ore, slurried in 80 g of water, 100 g of sulfuric acid). Leaching times of ⁇ 1 or ⁇ 0.75 hours have generally been found to be advantageous.
  • the liquor was partially neutralized by dolomite and then mixed with a MgO slurry to produce a nickel hydroxide precipitate.
  • thermolyzed material was dried to a residual moisture of about 1.5 wt .-% (at 120 ° C for 2 hours), the content of chemically bound water was 55 wt .-% (composition 1) or 45 wt. % (Composition 2), calculated in each case as the weight loss of the material dried to a residual moisture content of about 0% by weight after thermolysis at 750 ° C. for 4 hours until constant weight. It will be appreciated that the thermolyzed material may still contain a level of carbonate or other ingredients which decompose only at elevated temperatures.
  • composition of the additive may vary depending on the ore or nickel-containing starting material used.
  • the following analysis data refers to a material that has been dried at 120 ° C for 2 hours to a residual moisture of about 0% by weight (ie, including water of crystallization).
  • Composition 1 (in% by weight) Ni 24 al 0.75 Ca 0.75 Co 1.5 Cr ⁇ 0.05 Fe 0.75 Mn 4.0 mg 6.0 Water content (crystal water) 50 Ni 38 al ⁇ 0.05 Ca 2 Co 0.5 Cr ⁇ 0, 05 Fe 2.5 Mn 1.5 mg 2.5 Water content (crystal water) 40
  • the inventive method is not limited to the use of Ni / Co-containing additives, but also other alloying constituents, in particular transition metals such as Mo, V or the like can be added in a corresponding form of the molten metal.
  • the additives are each injected from the top of the melting vessel in this in a region of the molten metal of very high temperature, in the case of slag-covered melts in a slag-free focal spot.

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EP08715538.8A 2007-03-29 2008-03-04 Schmelzmetallurgisches verfahren zur herstellung von metallschmelzen und übergangsmetallhaltiger zuschlagstoff zur verwendung in diesen Active EP2132345B1 (de)

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PCT/DE2008/000389 WO2008119317A1 (de) 2007-03-29 2008-03-04 Schmelzmetallurgisches verfahren zur herstellung von metallschmelzen und übergangsmetallhaltiger zuschlagstoff zur verwendung in diesen

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US8657916B2 (en) * 2010-07-15 2014-02-25 Xstrata Technology Pty Ltd Pyrometallurgical method
KR101229900B1 (ko) * 2011-08-25 2013-02-05 주식회사 포스코 슬래그 안정화 방법
EP2770067A1 (de) * 2013-02-26 2014-08-27 Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH Konverterprozesse zur Stahlherstellung unter Nutzung von Inertgas
CN113028851B (zh) * 2019-12-09 2023-03-10 财团法人金属工业研究发展中心 兼具除气与投料功能的搅拌装置

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BRPI0809379A2 (pt) 2014-09-09
AU2008234283B2 (en) 2010-12-23
AU2008234283A1 (en) 2008-10-09
ES2477495T3 (es) 2014-07-17
KR20090125834A (ko) 2009-12-07
DE102007015585A1 (de) 2008-10-02
TW200902729A (en) 2009-01-16
KR101229212B1 (ko) 2013-02-01
JP2010522824A (ja) 2010-07-08
EP2132345A1 (de) 2009-12-16
CU23832A3 (es) 2012-10-15
PL2132345T3 (pl) 2014-09-30
TWI396747B (zh) 2013-05-21
US20080236334A1 (en) 2008-10-02
RU2009139868A (ru) 2011-05-10
JP5395047B2 (ja) 2014-01-22
WO2008119317A1 (de) 2008-10-09
US8187357B2 (en) 2012-05-29
RU2442829C2 (ru) 2012-02-20

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