EP1744885B1 - Mesure et regulation en ligne dans des machines d'impression - Google Patents

Mesure et regulation en ligne dans des machines d'impression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1744885B1
EP1744885B1 EP05744028A EP05744028A EP1744885B1 EP 1744885 B1 EP1744885 B1 EP 1744885B1 EP 05744028 A EP05744028 A EP 05744028A EP 05744028 A EP05744028 A EP 05744028A EP 1744885 B1 EP1744885 B1 EP 1744885B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring
printing
fact
measured values
calibration
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EP05744028A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1744885A1 (fr
Inventor
Loris De Vries
Peter Ehbets
Peter Elter
Wolfgang Geissler
Werner Huber
Robert Lange
Frank Muth
Christopher Riegel
Manfred Schneider
Frank Schumann
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X Rite Switzerland GmbH
Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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X Rite Europe GmbH
Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Application filed by X Rite Europe GmbH, Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG filed Critical X Rite Europe GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for detecting spectral, densitometric or color measurements on substrates during the printing process in a printing press.
  • a method for operating a scanning device for optical density measurement is known from DE 100 23 127 A1 known.
  • the printed web is guided in a web offset printing press, which leaves a last printing unit, via a guide roller, wherein a scanning device for optical density measurement, color measurement or spectral measurement is mounted parallel to the guide roller.
  • a scanning device for optical density measurement, color measurement or spectral measurement is mounted parallel to the guide roller.
  • an image inspection device which can also be used for color measurement.
  • This machine can be used on web offset and sheetfed offset presses.
  • colorimetric measured values can be recorded in the printing machine in order to check the print quality. While all the image data of a printed product is used for the image inspection, only specific representative areas of an image are used for color control, for example for each color zone.
  • a closed colorimetric control loop is used to compare the recorded color measured values with desired measured values of a printing original and, if necessary, to calculate the corresponding color film thickness changes for the respective ink zones of the printing units of a printing press. The set values thus calculated are ended by the control system to the ink fountain engines of the respective printing units.
  • densitometric or color values are recorded on the produced substrates during the printing process in the printing press, but the measured values are evaluated in a computer of the printing press or a separate computer and at least those deviations which are not sufficient by changing the Settings on the press can be avoided, are forwarded to the controller in the prepress.
  • This is relatively easy to accomplish in particular in the so-called computer-to-plate technology (CtP), since these digital prepress stages also have computers which can receive the corresponding data from the computer of the printing press. In this way, a closed loop is started from the finished substrate through the press and the prepress back to the press closed.
  • the measured values sent by the printing press or their evaluation can thus be taken into account in the prepress stage during the production of the printing plates and thus also deviations which are not compensated for in the printing press alone can be corrected.
  • color readings are understood to mean values in color spaces such as Lab, RGB color space, or other unique color spaces. Measured values can be taken into account when creating printing plates even across multiple print jobs, so that over many print jobs, a continuous improvement process takes place throughout the entire production chain, from the scanner in the prepress stage to the final product in the press. In this way it is possible to carry out an improvement process without having to record special test forms in a complex process. Since in a digital workflow as today usually the prepress with scanners, platesetters, raster image processors and the printing press are networked together, this data can be exchanged without additional hardware or with little additional effort.
  • the acquired measured values are fed to a computer and the computer uses the measured values for creating or correcting a color profile in the control of inking units of a printing press.
  • the computer uses the measured values for creating or correcting a color profile in the control of inking units of a printing press.
  • sensors for recording the measured values are present and are calibrated for color calibration at specific time intervals by means of a calibration device. Since measured values are constantly determined in an inline measuring method, it must absolutely be ensured that these measured values are comparable with one another. For such an accurate measurement, therefore, in addition to a one-time calibration during commissioning, a regular system calibration is necessary in order to be able to take into account heat or wear-related changes in the measured values, age-related changes of illumination sources or soiling.
  • the in-line measuring device present in the printing press has a calibration device which is put into operation at certain intervals. In this way it is ensured that the in-line measuring system is continuously recalibrated and operational deviations avoided.
  • the reference value for the calibration device is a calibration area with associated color measurement values which are stored in the computer.
  • the measuring heads for spectral, densitometric or color measurement, which are available in the inline measuring system, are directed to a calibration surface at certain time intervals and recalibrated.
  • the color value of the calibration surface is known, so that the value determined by the measuring head can be computationally compared with the stored color value. If deviations occur, the measuring electronics of the measuring head are recalibrated accordingly, ie a correction is made in such a way that the measured value is matched to the stored color value in the computer.
  • This calibration also allows soiled probes to provide usable readings, at least over a relatively long period of time, while without calibration a clean-up of the entire meter or replacement of an aging fixture would be required in a relatively short time.
  • the calibration surface is white.
  • the calibration measurement should ideally be done on a standardized white area, which is why the calibration area is designed in exactly that color.
  • one or more calibration surfaces are arranged in the channel of a printing cylinder in extension of the printing cylinder surface. Since the inline measuring system has several measuring heads, preferably eight measuring heads, distributed over the width of the printing substrate in 32 ink zones, all measuring heads must be set and checked by means of calibration surfaces. However, since the lateral mobility of the measuring heads is limited, it is not possible to move all the measuring heads to a side-mounted calibration surface. Furthermore, it is important that the distance between the calibration surface and the measuring head corresponds exactly to the distance between the measuring head and the substrate surface. In order to be able to apply the calibration surfaces for all measuring heads over the entire width of the printing substrate, these are arranged in the channel of a printing cylinder as an extension of the printing cylinder surface. As a result, the calibration surfaces are exactly the same distance from the measuring heads as the surface of the substrate and are not in the way during the printing process.
  • At least one calibration surface is arranged laterally outside the impression cylinder surface between the side wall and the impression cylinder.
  • Calibration surfaces located in the pressure channel have the major disadvantage that they become dirty during the printing process.
  • the sensors are measuring heads and the calibration values determined by the calibration of a measuring head are converted by the computer into calibration values for further measuring heads.
  • This method is also referred to as transfer calibration, since not all measuring heads are calibrated on their own calibration surfaces, but a calibration surface outside the cylinder surface, for. B. arranged between the side wall and pressure cylinder, sufficient.
  • this calibration surface can only be made by one of the measuring media edges detecting the measuring heads, since only these measuring heads can be moved laterally beyond the boundary of the printing cylinder.
  • the other measuring heads are calibrated by a transfer calibration by moving the entire measuring bar for a distance that corresponds to the distance between the measuring heads.
  • each measuring head now detects the measuring zone of the measuring head lying next to it.
  • the probes are aligned either on a white substrate or on a color-printed substrate.
  • this does not matter for the course of the calibration measurement.
  • the measured values of the first and second measuring heads are compared with one another and if necessary the values of the second measuring head are corrected. This concludes the transfer calibration to the second measuring head and allows the optionally corrected measured values of the second measuring head to be compared with the measured values of the third measuring head. This is done in an iterative procedure for all other measuring heads in the same way, so that only one single measuring head has to be calibrated by means of one calibration surface, while all others are calibrated in one step by computational comparisons.
  • At least one calibration surface can be closed by means of a cover.
  • a cover reliably protects the calibration surface against contamination during the printing process. The cover will only be opened when a calibration procedure needs to be performed. This eliminates the otherwise repetitive required cleaning the calibration surface.
  • the transfer calibration can also be carried out by means of an external measuring device.
  • a built-in measuring device or a hand-held measuring device is present at the control panel, which has its own built-in calibration surface, calibrated at regular intervals on this surface and with which the currently printed substrate is measured. Because this substrate previously measured by the inline measuring device and its measuring heads and the.
  • the values subsequently determined with the hand-held measuring device can be passed on directly to the measuring electronics in the measuring bar, and the corresponding calibration can thus be carried out.
  • the first printing material in the unprinted state d. H.
  • the transfer calibration can be done with an external meter.
  • the calibration can be carried out particularly advantageously in the pressure-free area directly after the grippers, since the sheet is ideally guided here and, moreover, paper white is always present.
  • This edge area usually has an unprinted area of 6-12 mm and is completely sufficient for the measurement.
  • the external handheld device can also be used for a different purpose.
  • the sheet is measured in the machine for a variety of reasons with the aid of a Polfilters, that is, all measured values are detected polarized.
  • the control of the printing press works with unpolarized values, because the information from the prepress stage is only unpolarized, ie the detected Measured values must be converted into unpolarized values.
  • a mathematical relationship between polarized and unpolarized values must be stored in the press. This relationship can be established using the hand-held measuring device, which measures unpolarized.
  • a sheet is measured polarized once with the inline measuring device in the printing press and once unpolarized and polarized outside the machine by means of a hand-held measuring device. If this measurement is performed over several arcs, a relationship between the polarized and unpolarized measurements can be seen. This relationship is then stored as a correction function in the computer of the printing press, so that the values can be converted into each other at any time.
  • certain color values are stored in the computer for each measuring head, the ratios of these color values are stored in the computer relative to one another, and a signal is output when the stored measured value ratios change.
  • Each spectrometer has z. B. on delivery to a white reading as initialization parameters. These white measured values belonging to the respective measuring heads are stored in their ratios to each other for all measuring heads.
  • paper white measurements are then carried out continuously and the measured value ratios determined in the process are compared with the values stored in the measuring electronics. As soon as these conditions change, whereby a certain tolerance range can be set, this is regarded as a signal for pollution. In this case, an acoustic or visual signal is displayed to the operating personnel, whereupon a cleaning of the measuring heads is to be carried out.
  • a first measuring head detects its own and the color zone of a second measuring head lying next to it and the second measuring head also detects its own zone and that of the first measuring head and the detected measured values are compared with one another.
  • a cross-comparison between the individual measuring heads of the measuring modules of a bar-shaped inline measuring device enabled in the printing press First, all measuring heads simultaneously measure a color zone on a substrate, then the entire measuring bar is moved sideways so far so that each measuring head can now detect the measuring location of its neighbor. If the calibration has been carried out correctly, these measured values must not differ or only within very narrow tolerance limits. However, if the measured values show deviations, it is also possible thereby to conclude that the optics of the measuring heads are contaminated.
  • Another possibility in the detection of contamination on the measuring system results from the fact that measurements are made on a light / dark edge on at least one color zone of a measuring head, wherein the measuring head in uniform steps from one side beyond the light / dark edge is moved across the bright / dark edge to the side on this side of the bright / dark edge and the recorded intensity measured values are compared with the known structure of the measuring head.
  • a bright / dark edge provides z. For example, the transition from paper white to color range.
  • This measuring range is now to be traversed by a measuring head as follows. First, the measuring head measures on the side of the light / dark edge, which shows the paper white. Subsequently, the measuring bar z. B.
  • a lighting device is present, before the actual measurement by a measuring head, a dark measurement is made and the measured value thereby detected by the case of the switched on lighting device Subsequent color measurement is subtracted.
  • a lighting device In order to be able to scan the surface of the printing substrate, it must be illuminated with a lighting device in the vicinity of the measuring head.
  • extraneous light may also fall into the area between the printing substrate and the measuring head / illumination device. This falsifies the measurement results and must be compensated accordingly.
  • One possibility is to perform a dark measurement, ie the illumination device is initially switched off, and a measurement is carried out with the illumination device switched off.
  • the computer can determine whether the extraneous light has increased or decreased during the light measurement by comparing the two measured values, since it can compare the measured values before and after.
  • the gradient of the change in external light so that the extraneous light influence from the light measurement can reliably be calculated out even with changing, in particular periodic extraneous light.
  • Another possibility for the correction of incident extraneous light is that simultaneously with the color measurement of a first measuring head by means of a second measuring head, a measured value is recorded on a white background of a printing material and the thereby determined white reference value is used to correct the color measurement values determined with the first measuring head.
  • the second measuring head must be spatially separated from the first measuring head accommodated, which must always make a measurement on paper white. This can be z. B. be the edge region of the substrate.
  • the white reference value determined with the second measuring head is included in the calculation of the color or density values and thus the influence of the extraneous light is compensated.
  • spectral values of the extraneous light source which lie in the spectral range of the measuring device, by providing a filter which filters out the spectrum of the extraneous light source.
  • a similar effect can be achieved by computational interpolation. Since the spectrum of the extraneous light source is known, spectral values corresponding to the measurement spectrum are not used and instead the unusable values are interpolated over the spectrum of the extraneous light source by means of the neighboring values. Thus, peaks caused by the extraneous light source can be excluded in the measurement spectrum.
  • the following possibility is also given, namely that the acquisition of measured values by measuring heads with possible fluctuations of light sources by means of at least one sensor which detects the fluctuations, or by means of a control signal of the fluctuating light source is coordinated in time. Also, information about the temporal behavior of the extraneous light source must be available, ie these values must either be stored in a computer or the extraneous light source supplies the information online via sensors to the computer. In this case, the measurements are coordinated by the computer so that it is measured whenever the external light source is switched off or has a minimum.
  • a plurality of measuring heads are distributed over the width of a printing material at equidistant intervals and at the same time capture ink zones.
  • 32 ink zones extend over the entire width of the substrate, resulting in 192 measuring fields for 6 printed colors, which are to be recorded by the measuring electronics and the measuring heads.
  • Measuring cycles over at least 192 sheets are required on a single spectral measuring head, which is not sufficient for good control. For this reason, several measuring heads are required, which are able to measure in parallel and simultaneously. Since the measuring heads are offset in time by one color zone after each measuring process, in particular 8, 16 or 32 measuring heads are ideally suited for parallel measuring.
  • the measuring heads can also be moved in such a way that the same color is always detected across several sheets so that they can be corrected well and then the measuring heads are positioned to the next color, which is then also corrected . Since different measuring strategies can be used, the measuring device must store the measured values with a time stamp and a placemark in the computer of the printing press so that the correct references can be produced at any time in order to be able to correctly compare the actually comparable measured values. In that case, the measurement strategy no longer plays a role and the measured values must always be correctly assigned.
  • the measuring heads are positioned so that they detect several colors simultaneously. Since frequently measuring the mechanics and the drive motor of the measuring beam are heavily loaded with the measuring heads, a so-called economy increases the life. Since, however, the values still change greatly in the press-on phase due to the process, frequent measurements must be carried out continuously there, while a different procedure can be selected in the print-out phase, because during the print-out phase the color values remain almost constant in time, so that it is possible to position the measuring heads over mixing fields. As soon as an excessive tolerance deviation is detected, the measuring bar then starts again with its frequent measurements as in the pressure phase, which record all fields and all zones. As a result, the reason for the deviation can be measured out and the regulation of the printing press can be activated accordingly.
  • the measuring device can also change its measuring strategy as a function of the recorded measured values.
  • color patches which show low noise are not measured as often as patches with high noise. That Each color is captured with a different measurement strategy so that more noisy colors are measured more often. When the noise of these colors fades, the measurement strategy is also changed to reduce the frequent measurements.
  • the measuring strategy can also be carried out depending on the printed image and the settings of the printing press itself. Since the data of the print image can be transmitted from the prepress to the computer, the measuring system can calculate a corresponding measurement strategy, since critical color areas in the print image are known in advance with their position and hue.
  • the computer stores the position coordinates of print control strips applied to a printing substrate.
  • the measurements on the ink zones usually take place in printing presses in the area of the print control strip.
  • the position of the print control strip on the substrate must be known to the measuring bar of the inline measuring system.
  • the printer manually measures the position of the print control strip on the printing plates and inputs the position coordinates of the print control strip into the computer of the machine control.
  • the position coordinates can also be transferred from the pre-press in a networked workflow system to the computer of the printing press and used there.
  • a sensor for determining the position of the print control strip is provided on the substrate.
  • a two-dimensional sensor z. B a CCD imager
  • the position of the print control strip can be determined.
  • a pattern of the print control strip is stored in the machine control, which is compared with the image of the images captured by the CCD camera.
  • the computer can calculate the position of the print control strip relative to the measurement bar and send out a corresponding start signal to it, so that the measurement starts exactly when the print control strip comes to lie below the measuring heads.
  • the use of a one-dimensional sensor is suitable for detecting the position of the print control strip when the print control strip a detection segment z. B. is preceded by a bar code.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the measured values determined by the measuring heads are subjected to a plausibility test after each measurement.
  • a closed-loop inline measuring system should subject the measured values to a plausibility test in order to be able to separate implausible measured values.
  • Such a check is made e.g. by the correlation between the stored template of the print control strip and the values of the measurement bar acquired during each measurement process. This also ensures that the measuring bar always moves to the correct measuring fields.
  • the choice of the correct print control strip type can be checked by another algorithm in which a sensor detects a coding field within the print control strip and verifies the data encoded therein. Furthermore, a plausibility check of the measured values both in the local area and in the time domain is carried out during each measurement process. For this purpose, limit values for deviation z.
  • the plausibility test is based here on the fact that in offset mode, the printing units in normal operation allow only continuous changes in the color values, so that jumps in color density, which a certain Magnitude exceed immediately attributable to errors in the measuring system.
  • a display can be provided which informs about the state of the printing process.
  • the printing staff will see the OK status on a display. If the machine is not in this stable state, this can be seen on the display and the printing staff knows that waste is being produced.
  • the measuring method can also be used for indirect moisture measurement of the sheet.
  • the dampening solution is usually reduced until so-called "toning" occurs in the screen printing on the sheet. This toning shows up
  • the humidity value is again increased by a certain fixed percentage.
  • a 70% -90% grid is introduced on the sheet in the print control bar or on positions specially arranged on the sheet for each color on the sheet edge. From the knowledge of the area coverage of this field and the printed color density, therefore, easy toning can be detected reliably with the measuring heads. This allows the color-water balance to be set and monitored.
  • Fig. 1 shows a sheet-fed rotary printing machine 1 with a sheet feeder module 2 and a sheet delivery module 3 and four interposed printing units 4, 5.
  • This embodiment of a sheet-fed rotary printing machine 1 is of course only to be understood as an example, since the number of printing units 4, 5 between sheet feeder 2 and sheet delivery 3 for the essence the invention plays no role.
  • the printing units 4, 5 are connected to each other via transport cylinder 9, so that in the sheet delivery 2 stacked printed sheets 705 promoted by the individual printing units 4, 5 through the boom 3 and can be printed in the printing units 4, 5.
  • the last printing unit 5 seen in the sheet running direction differs from the other printing units 4 in that it has a measuring bar 6 as a scanning device for evaluating the print quality of printed sheets.
  • the measuring beam 6 is therefore accommodated in the last printing unit 5, since all the colors applied in the printing process are already present on the printed sheet 705 and thus the final state of the printed sheet is present.
  • the term printing unit 4.5 is to be taken further, since of course one or more of the printing units 4, 5 can also be coating plants, sealing plants or other sheet-processing plants. Even if these other works are present in the printing machine 1, it makes sense that the measuring beam is mounted in the last work 5 in order to be able to control the sheet 705 with all the paint layers.
  • All printing units 4, 5 have an impression cylinder 7 and a blanket cylinder 8, which form the printing nip 100 of a printing unit 4, 5.
  • each printing unit 4, 5 is equipped with an inking unit 13.
  • the cylinders 7, 8 and the inking unit 13 are mounted in the side walls 14 of the printing machine 1 and are driven by there existing engines and gearbox.
  • the printing gap 100 between the printing cylinders 7, 8 is in the magnification in Fig. 1 to see more clearly.
  • the enlargement of the surroundings of the printing gap 100 in the last printing unit 5 together with the measuring bar 6 also shows the approximate size ratios The cross-section of the measuring beam 6 with respect to the diameters of the printing cylinder 7, 8.
  • sheet grippers 101 are further attached, which guide the sheet 705 to the impression cylinder 7, receive from the transport cylinder 9 and transferred to the boom 3.
  • the printed sheet 705 is held at the rear end by the printing gap 100 and held at the front end thereof by the sheet gripper 101.
  • the dimensions of the cross section of the measuring beam 6 are in Fig. 1 on a printing machine 1 in 102 cm sheet format on its face 102 mm in width and 69 mm in height. Furthermore, the measuring beam 6 is slightly inclined with respect to the horizontal so that it runs parallel to the surface of a sheet 705 when it is guided by the sheet gripper 101 and the printing nip 100. On the measuring beam 6, a sensor 15 is attached, which, however, can also be integrated in the measuring beam 6.
  • This sensor 15 is an optical sensor, for example a camera, which can detect markings on a printed sheet 705.
  • the sensor 15 can be used to observe extraneous light sources 800 and trigger the measurement process by the measuring beam 6.
  • the sensor 15 is networked with the measuring electronics 201 and the computer 200 of the printing press 1.
  • the measurement process can be controlled by the sensor 15 so that it is only measured when no extraneous light 800 falls on the measuring surface or directly into the scanning device 6.
  • the sensor 15 may consist of a combined sensor or of several separate sensors. It is also possible for a plurality of sensors 15 to be distributed over the entire length of the measuring beam 6.
  • the sensors 15 can also be integrated in the measuring beam 6.
  • Fig. 2 shows a sheet-fed printing press 1, which, unlike Fig. 1 equipped with a sheet turning device 10, so that when perfecting in the first four printing units 4, 5, the one side of a sheet 705 can be printed and in the second four printing units 4, 5, the other side.
  • the printing press has 1 in Fig. 2 two printing units 5, to which a measuring bar 6 is attached, since both the Front as well as the back of an arc must be checked with a measuring beam 6.
  • the measuring bars 6 are located in the last printing unit 5 in front of the turning device 10 and in the last printing unit 5 in front of the sheet delivery 3.
  • the measuring beam 6 is designed easily removable and can also be installed in another printing unit 4.
  • Fig. 2 are also connections to the two printing units 5 previous printing units 4 attached.
  • the designed for receiving a measuring beam 6 printing units 5, 4 are provided with electrical connections, which are each connected to a measuring electronics 201.
  • the measuring electronics 201 are in turn connected to the control console and computer 200 of the printing machine 1, so that all measured values can be displayed there to the operating personnel of the printing machine 1.
  • the settings of the printing machine 1 can be changed to control the print quality.
  • the computer 200 of the printing machine 1 is also connected via a wired or wireless connection 12, for example via an Internet connection with devices of the prepress 11, such devices 11 are in particular platesetters for the production of printing plates for offset printing machines.
  • a wired or wireless connection 12 for example via an Internet connection with devices of the prepress 11, such devices 11 are in particular platesetters for the production of printing plates for offset printing machines.
  • the connection 12 to the pre-press 11 it is possible to use the data originating from the measurements of the measuring bar 6 also for changing the production process in the pre-stage 11.
  • further changes in the printing process can be made, as would be possible by mere changes to the settings of the printing press 1.
  • the production of the printing plates can be optimized.
  • a hand-held measuring device 202 can furthermore be connected, which can be used for calibration purposes of the measuring modules 603.
  • the interior of the measuring beam 6 is in Fig. 3 shown, wherein the measuring beam 6 is constructed such that it can be fixed in the printing unit 5, 4, while in the interior of the measuring beam 6, a movable measuring carriage 605 is arranged.
  • the measuring beam 6 extends over the entire width of a printed sheet in order to be able to reliably control the edge regions of the printed sheet too.
  • the measuring carriage 605 can be moved to the inside of the measuring beam 6, in order to also be able to measure over the entire width of the sheet. For detecting the surface of the printing sheet, the measuring carriage 605 in Fig.
  • the measuring carriage 605 can be moved in several steps or continuously, so that with 4 colors after 16 measurements all 32 color zones have been measured over several printed sheets 705.
  • the measuring carriage 605 is mounted in a guide rail 606, wherein it is driven by a linear motor 604.
  • this can be taken laterally from the measuring beam 6, in which the side walls 601 are removed.
  • the side walls 601 are designed to be easily detachable, ie they are fastened to the housing of the measuring beam 6 with a plurality of screws.
  • the measuring beam 6 consists essentially of a U-shaped profile which is open on the side facing the printed sheet.
  • the open side of the U-profile is closed with a removable bottom 615, which additionally comprises transparent parts 616 made of glass, so that the measuring modules 603 on the measuring carriage 605 through the bottom 616 of the measuring carriage 615 can scan through the underlying substrate.
  • a removable bottom 615 which additionally comprises transparent parts 616 made of glass, so that the measuring modules 603 on the measuring carriage 605 through the bottom 616 of the measuring carriage 615 can scan through the underlying substrate.
  • there are 605 additional facilities on the measuring trolley In addition to the measuring modules 603 and their electronics, there are 605 additional facilities on the measuring trolley. Since the measurement modules 603 have illumination modules 623 in addition to the spectral measurement heads 622, the measurement carriage 605 must be provided with an illumination source 610.
  • the illumination source is a flashlamp 610 which is powered by a power supply 612 on the meter.
  • the power supply unit 612, in turn, and the electronics of the measuring modules 603 are connected to the housing of the measuring beam 6 via flexible electrical cables 618.
  • the attached to the housing of the measuring beam 6 end of the flexible electric cable 618 ends in an electrical plug connection 619, by means of which the measuring bar 6 is connected to the electrical power supply of the printing machine 1 and the measuring electronics 201.
  • the connection of electrical energy and signal transmission can be done by means of a pluggable or rotatable combination plug. All electrical components, including the measurement modules 603, are mounted on one or fewer boards 631 to ensure short power and signal paths in a confined space.
  • the measuring carriage 605 Since only one flashlamp 610 is located on the measuring carriage 605, its flashlight must be transported to the individual illumination modules 623 by means of a coupling-in optics 611 and light guides 614 connected thereto.
  • the power supply unit 612 of the flashlamp 610 are to provide the necessary energy and lightning capacitors 607 on the measuring carriage 605.
  • the measuring carriage 605 includes a distribution device 620 for distributing electrical energy to the individual electrical loads and for distributing the electrical signals of the interconnected components in Measuring carriage 605.
  • the scanning device 6 is not only able to spectrally measure the surface of a printed sheet, but it also serves to detect register marks and to evaluate the same.
  • the measuring carriage 605 has a right register sensor 608 and a left register sensor 613.
  • each measuring module 603 may contain a register sensor so that a plurality of register marks can be measured over the entire width of the printing material 705 in parallel.
  • the entire electronics in the 605 measuring trolley are accommodated in a very small space, for example, 70 percent of the volume of the 605 trolley is filled with components, producing a lot of waste heat in a relatively small space.
  • the interior of the measuring beam 6 is liquid-cooled.
  • a closed cooling circuit is produced, wherein this cooling circuit via coolant channels 617 in the side walls 601 is closed.
  • the coolant channels 621, 617 are connected via a Coolant port 602 supplied on the outside of the measuring beam 6 with coolant. Therefore, a pump for circulating the coolant need not be mounted inside the measuring beam 6 itself, but may be connected to the outside.
  • FIG. 4 shown side view of the measuring beam 6 shows in addition to the substantially U-shaped profile of the measuring beam 6 extending in the U-profile cooling channels 621, which are connected at the two end faces of the measuring beam 6 through the coolant channels 617 in the side walls 601 to the closed circuit. Furthermore, the glass cover 615 can be seen in the measuring beam bottom, which protects the sensitive measuring modules 603 on the measuring carriage 605 against contamination.
  • the U-shaped housing of the measuring beam 6, the side walls 601 and the measuring beam bottom 615 with its glass inserts 616 are connected to one another via seals, so that no dust or liquids can reach the interior of the measuring beam 6.
  • the bottom 615 there is a dirt-repellent surface 628, over which webs 629 located transversely to the longitudinal extent of the measuring beam extend.
  • the webs 629 keep the printing material 705 at a distance when it is measured, thus avoiding direct contact of the printing material 705 and the bottom 615.
  • the webs 629 can also be dirt-repellent coated.
  • Fig. 5 shows a bottom view of the measuring beam 6, here the Messbalkenboden 615 is clearly visible.
  • the measuring carriage 605 has eight measuring modules 603, which respectively consist of the actual measuring heads 623 and lighting modules 623.
  • the measuring carriage 605 is moved laterally by one or more measuring fields after each measuring process.
  • the distance between the measuring modules 603 is thus four color zones, so that the measuring modules 603 measure exactly every fourth color zone in parallel.
  • the sheet has been measured across all 32 color zones of a color. When printing with four colors, 16 scans are necessary.
  • a movable shutter 627 can be seen, which can cover a measuring module 603.
  • the closure 627 may be present on each module 603 and is powered electrically or mechanically, but it may also a common closure 627 can be used for all modules 603.
  • the closure 627 is in Fig. 5 movable in the sheet transport direction transversely to the measuring beam 6 and protects the optics of the measuring modules 603 from damage between the measuring operations, it can also cover the entire underside of the measuring beam 6 between the individual measuring operations.
  • the drive of the shutter 627 is coupled to the computer 200 of the printing press.
  • a calibration surface 801 is arranged, which can be approached by the outside measuring modules 603 .. If a measuring module 603 positioned over the calibration surface 801, so its standard surface is measured.
  • the surface is a white tile, which corresponds to paper white.
  • a measuring module 603 can be calibrated at any time between two measurements on the printing substrate 705.
  • the measurement modules 603, which can not approach the tile 801, are calibrated by transfer calibration of the adjacent measurement modules 603. To protect the tile 801 from contamination, this is also closed by means of a laterally movable cover 802. Thus, the tile 801 is always kept covered by the cover 802 between the calibration measurements.
  • Fig. 5 Also in Fig. 5 are dirt-repellent and the bow at a distance holding webs 629 to see. These webs 629 are connected to the cover 615 of the measuring beam 6.
  • the measuring beam is sealed by a glass layer 616 under the cover 615.
  • the cover 616 with the webs 629 and the recesses for the free view of the measuring modules 603 on the sheet 705 can be folded away or removed, so that the glass layer 616 can easily be cleaned over the entire surface.
  • All measurement modules 603 receive the light of a single light source 610, it is ensured that all measurement modules 603 use the same light in the measurement and therefore the measurement conditions for all modules 603 are the same.
  • An additional light guide 614 may also be connected to the lamp 610, which opens on the other side in a light reference measuring head 632. This light reference measuring head 632 has the task to measure the light of the lamp 610 and to give a signal for maintenance and control when changed. Thus, a defective or due to aging equipped with no longer sufficient luminosity lamp 610 is detected in good time.
  • FIG. 7a and 7b Alternative to flexible light guides 614 in Fig. 6 can be like in Fig. 7a and 7b also shown the principle of optical trombone used.
  • the optical fibers of the measuring carriage 605 and of the measuring beam 6 each terminate at the end faces 625, 626 of the same, so that they always lie exactly aligned.
  • an optical gap 624 which, as in FIG Fig. 7a and 7b shown varies depending on the position of the measuring carriage 605.
  • the optical gap 624 between the optical fibers can be bridged by being mirrored.
  • the light rays emerging from the light guides of the measuring beam 6 can be coupled into the optical waveguides in each position of the measuring carriage 605.
  • Such an optical trombone is less susceptible to wear than flexible optical fibers 614, which is of enormous importance in view of millions of measuring operations. It has been found that flexible light guides 614 tend to break after relatively few measuring operations and then have to be replaced.
  • Fig. 8a and 8b each show the measuring beam 6 seen from below, with two different arrangements of measuring heads 622 and lighting modules 623.
  • the measuring heads 622 and the illumination modules 623 are aligned crosswise, so that the light, which is reflected from the substrate is not scanned by the directly opposite measuring head 622 but crossed crosswise.
  • Such an arrangement allows the arrangement of many measuring heads in a small space, since here the distance between the measuring heads 622 and the opposite lighting modules 623 in comparison to an arrangement according to FIG Fig. 8b may be lower, at which the measuring heads 622 scan the reflected light of exactly opposite illumination modules 623.
  • a print control strip 700 is shown on a printed sheet 705.
  • the print control strip 700 as well as the actual print image is printed on the sheet 705 in the printing units 4, 5 of the printing press 1.
  • the sheet 705 and the print control strip 700 is complete and can be measured by the measuring bar 6.
  • the bow 705 is here in the so-called medium format ie in a sheet width of 74 cm and has 23 color zones 701, 703 on.
  • Each color zone 701, 703 consists of 6 color measuring fields 702 and four further measuring fields 704. These color zones 701, 703 are measured by the measuring modules 603 of the measuring bar 6. Normally, only one measuring field 702, 704 per color separation and color zone 701, 703 is measured by a measuring module 603 on a sheet 705.
  • ink zones 701, 703 and six measuring modules 603 and 10 measuring fields 702, 704 per ink zone this results in 40 measuring operations on 40 printed sheets 705 before all measuring fields 701, 703 are recorded once were.
  • more 603 measurement modules must be provided.
  • several print control strips 700 may be mounted on a sheet, for example one at the beginning of the sheet and one in the middle of the sheet or at the end of the sheet.
  • the metering modules 603 may also be placed over special metering panels 702, 704 that contain color information on multiple or all colors.
  • the measuring modules 603 then either do not have to be moved at all or are less frequently used, since the color information in a measuring field is locally compact. In the case of changes within the special measuring fields, the measuring mode is then changed again, and again all measuring fields 702, 704 are measured as in the start-up phase.
  • Fig. 10 shows a similar embodiment as Fig. 5
  • a laterally movable measuring carriage 605 is located in an enclosed, finished measuring beam 6.
  • the measuring beam on a continuous glass cover 634, which closes the underside of the measuring beam 6.
  • a sheet guide plate for sheet guide 633 On the outside of the measuring beam 6 is still above the continuous glass cover 634, a sheet guide plate for sheet guide 633, which carries two slots 639 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the measuring modules 603 consisting of the measuring head 622 and the lighting module 623 in the measuring carriage 605 can measure a printing material 705 running beneath the sheet guide 633.
  • the outside of the glass cover 634 and disposed within the slots 639 webs 629.
  • the webs 629 prevent the substrate 705 touches the glass cover 634 and thus dirty. Since the webs 629 as in Fig. 10 may be located in the beam path of the measuring modules 603, since the measuring carriage 605 has to measure over the entire width of the printing material, a compensating device is to be provided which compensates for the influence of the webs 629 in the beam path of the measuring modules 603. Such a compensation device has already been described elsewhere in this application.
  • FIG. 11 An alternative embodiment to Fig. 10 shows Fig. 11 , Also here is a movable measuring carriage 605 in a measuring beam 6, however, the measuring bar is open at the bottom, which is why the measuring carriage 605 is closed by a bottom 635.
  • the measuring carriage 605 has for this purpose a base 635 made of sheet metal, which is additionally provided with glazed through-openings 636.
  • the glass openings 636 are positioned just below the beam paths of the measuring modules 603. Therefore, in Fig. 11 for 8 measuring modules 603 on the measuring trolley 605 exactly 16 glass transparent openings 636 below the 8 measuring heads 622 and 8 lighting modules 623 attached.
  • the glass openings 636 may be as in Fig. 11 be executed circular, but they can also be oval, rectangular or designed in another form.
  • blast air ducts 637 in the bottom 635 of the measuring carriage, through which blast air can escape from the interior of the measuring trolley 605.
  • This blowing air is used to keep the printing material 705 at a distance from the bottom 635 in order to avoid contact of the arc 705 and thus contamination of the glass openings 636.
  • the blast air ducts 637 are acted upon by means of a Blas Kunststoffttle 638, for example, a small compressor or fan in the interior of the measuring carriage 605 with blowing air.
  • FIGS. 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d show different fixing possibilities of the printing material 705 during the measuring process by the measuring beam 6 in a sheet-fed rotary printing press 1.
  • Fig. 1 known possibility in Fig. 12a
  • Fig. 12b a sheet 705 is held on both ends of transport grippers 101 on a transport cylinder 9 and thus fixed under the measuring beam 6 during the measurement.
  • transport gripper 101 may also as in Fig.
  • a blowing device 16 may be installed above the transport cylinder 9, which presses the free not fixed in a gripper end of the sheet 705 on the transport cylinder 9 and so fixed. Furthermore, a solution according to Fig. 12d used. In this solution, the sheet 705 is fixed on the transport cylinder 9 substantially by means of negative pressure.
  • the vacuum chamber 17 may be part of a suction pump in the interior of the cylinder 9 or connected to a suction pump outside the cylinder 9.
  • the mounting of the measuring beam 6 is made in a printing unit of a printing machine 1, explained Fig. 13 .
  • the measuring beam 6 is in principle installed transversely to the sheet transport direction 19 between the side walls 14 of the printing machine 1. Since the measuring beam 6 should also be retrofittable in existing machines, the assembly is done via two side mounting plates 20, which in principle can be installed in any printing press 1, as long as the required space is available.
  • the mounting plates 20 can also compensate for different distances between the side walls 14 by being made different thicknesses.
  • the mounting plates 20 are fastened by means of mounting screws 21 on the side walls 14 and carry the storage for the measuring beam 6.
  • the measuring beam 6 has at its two ends in each case covers 22 which enclose the measuring beam 6 and bearing 23 bearing. These bearings 23 support the measuring beam 6 with respect to the mounting plates 20 and reduce vibrations which the printing press 1 would transmit to the measuring beam 6.
  • the covers 22 may be configured so that the measuring beam 6 can be easily removed from the covers 22.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Claims (28)

  1. Procédé de détection de valeurs mesurées spectrales, densitométriques ou du point de vue des couleurs sur des produits imprimés sous forme de feuille (705) pendant le processus d'impression dans une machine d'impression de feuille (1), les valeurs mesurées étant déterminées sur des feuilles (705) se déplaçant à travers la machine d'impression (1) et étant utilisées à l'aide de l'ordinateur (200) comme paramètres de commande destinés à commander le processus d'impression de la machine d'impression de feuille (1), caractérisé en ce que les valeurs mesurées sont utilisées au moyen de ordinateur (200) pour établir un profil de couleur pour la commande de mécanismes d'encrage (13) de la machine d'impression (1).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les valeurs mesurées déterminées sont utilisées au moyen de l'ordinateur (200) comme paramètres de commande pour la fabrication de blocs d'impression au cours de la première étape d'impression (11).
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que les valeurs mesurées sont utilisées au moyen de l'ordinateur (200) pour régler la machine d'impression (1) pendant la phase d'alignement.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les valeurs mesurées sont utilisées au moyen de l'ordinateur (200) pour régler la machine d'impression (1) pendant la phase de tirage d'essai.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que des capteurs (622) destinés à enregistrer les valeurs mesurées sont calibrés pour le calibrage du point de vue des couleurs à intervalles de temps définis au moyen d'un dispositif de calibrage.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que une ou plusieurs surfaces de calibrage (801) comprenant les valeurs mesurées associées, lesquelles sont sauvegardées dans l'ordinateur (200), sont présentes comme valeur de référence pour le dispositif de calibrage.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que au moins un carreau blanc (801) est présent comme valeur de référence pour le dispositif de calibrage.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 7, caractérisé en ce que une ou plusieurs surfaces de calibrage (801) sont disposées dans le canal d'un cylindre d'impression (7, 8) dans le prolongement de la surface supérieure du cylindre d'impression.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que au moins un carreau de calibrage (801) se situe latéralement à l'extérieur de la surface supérieure du cylindre d'impression entre la paroi latérale (14) et le cylindre d'impression (7, 8).
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que un produit imprimé sous forme de feuille (705) doté de valeurs mesurées spectrales connues est transporté avec le tirage d'essai comme référence spectrale pour le calibrage à travers la machine d'impression (1) et mesurée par les capteurs de mesure (622).
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les capteurs sont des sondes (622) et les valeurs de calibrage déterminées par le calibrage d'une sonde (622) sont converties au moyen de l'ordinateur (200, 201) en valeurs de calibrage pour d'autres sondes (630, 622).
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que un calibrage de transfert est réalisé de telle sorte qu'une sonde (622) calibrée analyse également un champ de mesure (701) d'une autre sonde (630) non calibrée, que celle-ci a déjà également analysé.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 12, caractérisé en ce que au moins un carreau de calibrage (801) peut être fermée au moyen d'un couvercle (802).
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que un calibrage est réalisé à l'aide d' un appareil de mesure externe (202).
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 14, caractérisé en ce que pour chaque sonde (622), des valeurs de couleur définies sont sauvegardées dans un ordinateur (200, 201), les rapports entre ces valeurs de couleur sont sauvegardées dans l'ordinateur (200, 201) et lors d'une variation des rapports de valeur mesurée sauvegardées, un signal est émis.
  16. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que une première sonde (622) détecte sa propre zone de couleur (701) et la zone de couleur (703) d'une seconde sonde (630) située à côté de celle-ci et la seconde sonde (630) détecte également sa propre zone (703) et la zone (701) de la première sonde (622) et les valeurs mesurées détectées sont comparées les unes aux autres.
  17. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans au moins une zone de couleur (701), les mesures sont réalisées sur une arête claire/obscure par une sonde (622), la sonde (622) étant déplacée par étapes régulières depuis un des côtés de l'autre côté de l'arête claire/obscure au-delà de l'arête claire/obscure jusqu'au côté de ce côté de l'arête claire/obscure et les valeurs mesurées d'intensité détectées sont comparées à la structure connue de la sonde (622).
  18. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif d'éclairage (800) est présent, avant la mesure proprement dite, une mesure d'obscurité est réalisée par une sonde (622) et la valeur mesurée détectée dans ce cas est soustraite de la mesure de couleur s'effectuant avec un dispositif d'éclairage (800) mis en marche.
  19. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'en même temps que la mesure de couleur d'une première sonde (622), une valeur mesurée est détectée sur le fond blanc (704) d'un produit imprimé au moyen d'une seconde sonde (630) et la valeur de référence de blanc déterminée de cette façon est utilisée pour corriger les valeurs mesurées déterminées avec la première sonde (622).
  20. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pendant la détection des valeurs mesurées sur le produit imprimé (705) par une ou plusieurs sondes (622, 630), des sources de lumière éventuelles présentes (802) sont éteintes, masquées ou dégradées à une valeur non critique.
  21. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la durée de la mesure et le procédé de mesure des sondes (622, 630) sont adaptés lors de la détection des valeurs mesurées sur le produit imprimé (705) aux sources de lumière (802) présentes.
  22. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la détection des valeurs mesurées par les sondes (622, 630) est coordonnée dans le temps avec d'éventuelles variations des sources de lumière (802) au moyen d'au moins un capteur (15), lequel détecte les variations, ou au moyen d'un signal de commande de la source de lumière (802) à variation.
  23. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs sondes (622, 630) sont réparties à intervalles équidistantes au-delà de la largeur du produit imprimé (705) et détectent simultanément les zones de couleur (701, 703).
  24. Procédé selon la revendication 23, caractérisé en ce que les sondes (622, 630) après chaque mesure sont décalées d'une zone de couleur (701, 703).
  25. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pendant le processus d'impression après la phase de tirage d'essai, les sondes (622, 630) sont positionnées de sorte qu'elles détectent simultanément plusieurs couleurs (702).
  26. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'ordinateur (200, 201) sauvegarde les coordonnées de position de bandes de contrôle d'impression (700) agencées sur un produit imprimé (705).
  27. Procédé selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce que un détecteur (15) destiné à déterminer la position d'une bande de contrôle d'impression (700) est prévu sur le produit imprimé (705).
  28. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les valeurs mesurées déterminées par les sondes (622, 630) sont soumises après chaque mesure à un test de plausibilité.
EP05744028A 2004-05-03 2005-04-29 Mesure et regulation en ligne dans des machines d'impression Active EP1744885B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102004021601.0A DE102004021601B4 (de) 2004-05-03 2004-05-03 Inline-Messung und Regelung bei Druckmaschinen
PCT/EP2005/004609 WO2005108084A1 (fr) 2004-05-03 2005-04-29 Mesure et regulation en ligne dans des machines d'impression

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EP1744885A1 EP1744885A1 (fr) 2007-01-24
EP1744885B1 true EP1744885B1 (fr) 2008-08-13

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EP (1) EP1744885B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5264166B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN100540305C (fr)
AT (1) ATE404369T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102004021601B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005108084A1 (fr)

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DE102004021601A1 (de) 2005-12-01
WO2005108084A1 (fr) 2005-11-17
US20070079717A1 (en) 2007-04-12
DE502005005039D1 (de) 2008-09-25
DE102004021601B4 (de) 2020-10-22
JP2007536128A (ja) 2007-12-13
EP1744885A1 (fr) 2007-01-24
CN1950210A (zh) 2007-04-18
CN100540305C (zh) 2009-09-16
US7398733B2 (en) 2008-07-15
JP5264166B2 (ja) 2013-08-14

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