EP1744885B1 - Inline measurement and regulation in printing machines - Google Patents
Inline measurement and regulation in printing machines Download PDFInfo
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- EP1744885B1 EP1744885B1 EP05744028A EP05744028A EP1744885B1 EP 1744885 B1 EP1744885 B1 EP 1744885B1 EP 05744028 A EP05744028 A EP 05744028A EP 05744028 A EP05744028 A EP 05744028A EP 1744885 B1 EP1744885 B1 EP 1744885B1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
- B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting spectral, densitometric or color measurements on substrates during the printing process in a printing press.
- a method for operating a scanning device for optical density measurement is known from DE 100 23 127 A1 known.
- the printed web is guided in a web offset printing press, which leaves a last printing unit, via a guide roller, wherein a scanning device for optical density measurement, color measurement or spectral measurement is mounted parallel to the guide roller.
- a scanning device for optical density measurement, color measurement or spectral measurement is mounted parallel to the guide roller.
- an image inspection device which can also be used for color measurement.
- This machine can be used on web offset and sheetfed offset presses.
- colorimetric measured values can be recorded in the printing machine in order to check the print quality. While all the image data of a printed product is used for the image inspection, only specific representative areas of an image are used for color control, for example for each color zone.
- a closed colorimetric control loop is used to compare the recorded color measured values with desired measured values of a printing original and, if necessary, to calculate the corresponding color film thickness changes for the respective ink zones of the printing units of a printing press. The set values thus calculated are ended by the control system to the ink fountain engines of the respective printing units.
- densitometric or color values are recorded on the produced substrates during the printing process in the printing press, but the measured values are evaluated in a computer of the printing press or a separate computer and at least those deviations which are not sufficient by changing the Settings on the press can be avoided, are forwarded to the controller in the prepress.
- This is relatively easy to accomplish in particular in the so-called computer-to-plate technology (CtP), since these digital prepress stages also have computers which can receive the corresponding data from the computer of the printing press. In this way, a closed loop is started from the finished substrate through the press and the prepress back to the press closed.
- the measured values sent by the printing press or their evaluation can thus be taken into account in the prepress stage during the production of the printing plates and thus also deviations which are not compensated for in the printing press alone can be corrected.
- color readings are understood to mean values in color spaces such as Lab, RGB color space, or other unique color spaces. Measured values can be taken into account when creating printing plates even across multiple print jobs, so that over many print jobs, a continuous improvement process takes place throughout the entire production chain, from the scanner in the prepress stage to the final product in the press. In this way it is possible to carry out an improvement process without having to record special test forms in a complex process. Since in a digital workflow as today usually the prepress with scanners, platesetters, raster image processors and the printing press are networked together, this data can be exchanged without additional hardware or with little additional effort.
- the acquired measured values are fed to a computer and the computer uses the measured values for creating or correcting a color profile in the control of inking units of a printing press.
- the computer uses the measured values for creating or correcting a color profile in the control of inking units of a printing press.
- sensors for recording the measured values are present and are calibrated for color calibration at specific time intervals by means of a calibration device. Since measured values are constantly determined in an inline measuring method, it must absolutely be ensured that these measured values are comparable with one another. For such an accurate measurement, therefore, in addition to a one-time calibration during commissioning, a regular system calibration is necessary in order to be able to take into account heat or wear-related changes in the measured values, age-related changes of illumination sources or soiling.
- the in-line measuring device present in the printing press has a calibration device which is put into operation at certain intervals. In this way it is ensured that the in-line measuring system is continuously recalibrated and operational deviations avoided.
- the reference value for the calibration device is a calibration area with associated color measurement values which are stored in the computer.
- the measuring heads for spectral, densitometric or color measurement, which are available in the inline measuring system, are directed to a calibration surface at certain time intervals and recalibrated.
- the color value of the calibration surface is known, so that the value determined by the measuring head can be computationally compared with the stored color value. If deviations occur, the measuring electronics of the measuring head are recalibrated accordingly, ie a correction is made in such a way that the measured value is matched to the stored color value in the computer.
- This calibration also allows soiled probes to provide usable readings, at least over a relatively long period of time, while without calibration a clean-up of the entire meter or replacement of an aging fixture would be required in a relatively short time.
- the calibration surface is white.
- the calibration measurement should ideally be done on a standardized white area, which is why the calibration area is designed in exactly that color.
- one or more calibration surfaces are arranged in the channel of a printing cylinder in extension of the printing cylinder surface. Since the inline measuring system has several measuring heads, preferably eight measuring heads, distributed over the width of the printing substrate in 32 ink zones, all measuring heads must be set and checked by means of calibration surfaces. However, since the lateral mobility of the measuring heads is limited, it is not possible to move all the measuring heads to a side-mounted calibration surface. Furthermore, it is important that the distance between the calibration surface and the measuring head corresponds exactly to the distance between the measuring head and the substrate surface. In order to be able to apply the calibration surfaces for all measuring heads over the entire width of the printing substrate, these are arranged in the channel of a printing cylinder as an extension of the printing cylinder surface. As a result, the calibration surfaces are exactly the same distance from the measuring heads as the surface of the substrate and are not in the way during the printing process.
- At least one calibration surface is arranged laterally outside the impression cylinder surface between the side wall and the impression cylinder.
- Calibration surfaces located in the pressure channel have the major disadvantage that they become dirty during the printing process.
- the sensors are measuring heads and the calibration values determined by the calibration of a measuring head are converted by the computer into calibration values for further measuring heads.
- This method is also referred to as transfer calibration, since not all measuring heads are calibrated on their own calibration surfaces, but a calibration surface outside the cylinder surface, for. B. arranged between the side wall and pressure cylinder, sufficient.
- this calibration surface can only be made by one of the measuring media edges detecting the measuring heads, since only these measuring heads can be moved laterally beyond the boundary of the printing cylinder.
- the other measuring heads are calibrated by a transfer calibration by moving the entire measuring bar for a distance that corresponds to the distance between the measuring heads.
- each measuring head now detects the measuring zone of the measuring head lying next to it.
- the probes are aligned either on a white substrate or on a color-printed substrate.
- this does not matter for the course of the calibration measurement.
- the measured values of the first and second measuring heads are compared with one another and if necessary the values of the second measuring head are corrected. This concludes the transfer calibration to the second measuring head and allows the optionally corrected measured values of the second measuring head to be compared with the measured values of the third measuring head. This is done in an iterative procedure for all other measuring heads in the same way, so that only one single measuring head has to be calibrated by means of one calibration surface, while all others are calibrated in one step by computational comparisons.
- At least one calibration surface can be closed by means of a cover.
- a cover reliably protects the calibration surface against contamination during the printing process. The cover will only be opened when a calibration procedure needs to be performed. This eliminates the otherwise repetitive required cleaning the calibration surface.
- the transfer calibration can also be carried out by means of an external measuring device.
- a built-in measuring device or a hand-held measuring device is present at the control panel, which has its own built-in calibration surface, calibrated at regular intervals on this surface and with which the currently printed substrate is measured. Because this substrate previously measured by the inline measuring device and its measuring heads and the.
- the values subsequently determined with the hand-held measuring device can be passed on directly to the measuring electronics in the measuring bar, and the corresponding calibration can thus be carried out.
- the first printing material in the unprinted state d. H.
- the transfer calibration can be done with an external meter.
- the calibration can be carried out particularly advantageously in the pressure-free area directly after the grippers, since the sheet is ideally guided here and, moreover, paper white is always present.
- This edge area usually has an unprinted area of 6-12 mm and is completely sufficient for the measurement.
- the external handheld device can also be used for a different purpose.
- the sheet is measured in the machine for a variety of reasons with the aid of a Polfilters, that is, all measured values are detected polarized.
- the control of the printing press works with unpolarized values, because the information from the prepress stage is only unpolarized, ie the detected Measured values must be converted into unpolarized values.
- a mathematical relationship between polarized and unpolarized values must be stored in the press. This relationship can be established using the hand-held measuring device, which measures unpolarized.
- a sheet is measured polarized once with the inline measuring device in the printing press and once unpolarized and polarized outside the machine by means of a hand-held measuring device. If this measurement is performed over several arcs, a relationship between the polarized and unpolarized measurements can be seen. This relationship is then stored as a correction function in the computer of the printing press, so that the values can be converted into each other at any time.
- certain color values are stored in the computer for each measuring head, the ratios of these color values are stored in the computer relative to one another, and a signal is output when the stored measured value ratios change.
- Each spectrometer has z. B. on delivery to a white reading as initialization parameters. These white measured values belonging to the respective measuring heads are stored in their ratios to each other for all measuring heads.
- paper white measurements are then carried out continuously and the measured value ratios determined in the process are compared with the values stored in the measuring electronics. As soon as these conditions change, whereby a certain tolerance range can be set, this is regarded as a signal for pollution. In this case, an acoustic or visual signal is displayed to the operating personnel, whereupon a cleaning of the measuring heads is to be carried out.
- a first measuring head detects its own and the color zone of a second measuring head lying next to it and the second measuring head also detects its own zone and that of the first measuring head and the detected measured values are compared with one another.
- a cross-comparison between the individual measuring heads of the measuring modules of a bar-shaped inline measuring device enabled in the printing press First, all measuring heads simultaneously measure a color zone on a substrate, then the entire measuring bar is moved sideways so far so that each measuring head can now detect the measuring location of its neighbor. If the calibration has been carried out correctly, these measured values must not differ or only within very narrow tolerance limits. However, if the measured values show deviations, it is also possible thereby to conclude that the optics of the measuring heads are contaminated.
- Another possibility in the detection of contamination on the measuring system results from the fact that measurements are made on a light / dark edge on at least one color zone of a measuring head, wherein the measuring head in uniform steps from one side beyond the light / dark edge is moved across the bright / dark edge to the side on this side of the bright / dark edge and the recorded intensity measured values are compared with the known structure of the measuring head.
- a bright / dark edge provides z. For example, the transition from paper white to color range.
- This measuring range is now to be traversed by a measuring head as follows. First, the measuring head measures on the side of the light / dark edge, which shows the paper white. Subsequently, the measuring bar z. B.
- a lighting device is present, before the actual measurement by a measuring head, a dark measurement is made and the measured value thereby detected by the case of the switched on lighting device Subsequent color measurement is subtracted.
- a lighting device In order to be able to scan the surface of the printing substrate, it must be illuminated with a lighting device in the vicinity of the measuring head.
- extraneous light may also fall into the area between the printing substrate and the measuring head / illumination device. This falsifies the measurement results and must be compensated accordingly.
- One possibility is to perform a dark measurement, ie the illumination device is initially switched off, and a measurement is carried out with the illumination device switched off.
- the computer can determine whether the extraneous light has increased or decreased during the light measurement by comparing the two measured values, since it can compare the measured values before and after.
- the gradient of the change in external light so that the extraneous light influence from the light measurement can reliably be calculated out even with changing, in particular periodic extraneous light.
- Another possibility for the correction of incident extraneous light is that simultaneously with the color measurement of a first measuring head by means of a second measuring head, a measured value is recorded on a white background of a printing material and the thereby determined white reference value is used to correct the color measurement values determined with the first measuring head.
- the second measuring head must be spatially separated from the first measuring head accommodated, which must always make a measurement on paper white. This can be z. B. be the edge region of the substrate.
- the white reference value determined with the second measuring head is included in the calculation of the color or density values and thus the influence of the extraneous light is compensated.
- spectral values of the extraneous light source which lie in the spectral range of the measuring device, by providing a filter which filters out the spectrum of the extraneous light source.
- a similar effect can be achieved by computational interpolation. Since the spectrum of the extraneous light source is known, spectral values corresponding to the measurement spectrum are not used and instead the unusable values are interpolated over the spectrum of the extraneous light source by means of the neighboring values. Thus, peaks caused by the extraneous light source can be excluded in the measurement spectrum.
- the following possibility is also given, namely that the acquisition of measured values by measuring heads with possible fluctuations of light sources by means of at least one sensor which detects the fluctuations, or by means of a control signal of the fluctuating light source is coordinated in time. Also, information about the temporal behavior of the extraneous light source must be available, ie these values must either be stored in a computer or the extraneous light source supplies the information online via sensors to the computer. In this case, the measurements are coordinated by the computer so that it is measured whenever the external light source is switched off or has a minimum.
- a plurality of measuring heads are distributed over the width of a printing material at equidistant intervals and at the same time capture ink zones.
- 32 ink zones extend over the entire width of the substrate, resulting in 192 measuring fields for 6 printed colors, which are to be recorded by the measuring electronics and the measuring heads.
- Measuring cycles over at least 192 sheets are required on a single spectral measuring head, which is not sufficient for good control. For this reason, several measuring heads are required, which are able to measure in parallel and simultaneously. Since the measuring heads are offset in time by one color zone after each measuring process, in particular 8, 16 or 32 measuring heads are ideally suited for parallel measuring.
- the measuring heads can also be moved in such a way that the same color is always detected across several sheets so that they can be corrected well and then the measuring heads are positioned to the next color, which is then also corrected . Since different measuring strategies can be used, the measuring device must store the measured values with a time stamp and a placemark in the computer of the printing press so that the correct references can be produced at any time in order to be able to correctly compare the actually comparable measured values. In that case, the measurement strategy no longer plays a role and the measured values must always be correctly assigned.
- the measuring heads are positioned so that they detect several colors simultaneously. Since frequently measuring the mechanics and the drive motor of the measuring beam are heavily loaded with the measuring heads, a so-called economy increases the life. Since, however, the values still change greatly in the press-on phase due to the process, frequent measurements must be carried out continuously there, while a different procedure can be selected in the print-out phase, because during the print-out phase the color values remain almost constant in time, so that it is possible to position the measuring heads over mixing fields. As soon as an excessive tolerance deviation is detected, the measuring bar then starts again with its frequent measurements as in the pressure phase, which record all fields and all zones. As a result, the reason for the deviation can be measured out and the regulation of the printing press can be activated accordingly.
- the measuring device can also change its measuring strategy as a function of the recorded measured values.
- color patches which show low noise are not measured as often as patches with high noise. That Each color is captured with a different measurement strategy so that more noisy colors are measured more often. When the noise of these colors fades, the measurement strategy is also changed to reduce the frequent measurements.
- the measuring strategy can also be carried out depending on the printed image and the settings of the printing press itself. Since the data of the print image can be transmitted from the prepress to the computer, the measuring system can calculate a corresponding measurement strategy, since critical color areas in the print image are known in advance with their position and hue.
- the computer stores the position coordinates of print control strips applied to a printing substrate.
- the measurements on the ink zones usually take place in printing presses in the area of the print control strip.
- the position of the print control strip on the substrate must be known to the measuring bar of the inline measuring system.
- the printer manually measures the position of the print control strip on the printing plates and inputs the position coordinates of the print control strip into the computer of the machine control.
- the position coordinates can also be transferred from the pre-press in a networked workflow system to the computer of the printing press and used there.
- a sensor for determining the position of the print control strip is provided on the substrate.
- a two-dimensional sensor z. B a CCD imager
- the position of the print control strip can be determined.
- a pattern of the print control strip is stored in the machine control, which is compared with the image of the images captured by the CCD camera.
- the computer can calculate the position of the print control strip relative to the measurement bar and send out a corresponding start signal to it, so that the measurement starts exactly when the print control strip comes to lie below the measuring heads.
- the use of a one-dimensional sensor is suitable for detecting the position of the print control strip when the print control strip a detection segment z. B. is preceded by a bar code.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the measured values determined by the measuring heads are subjected to a plausibility test after each measurement.
- a closed-loop inline measuring system should subject the measured values to a plausibility test in order to be able to separate implausible measured values.
- Such a check is made e.g. by the correlation between the stored template of the print control strip and the values of the measurement bar acquired during each measurement process. This also ensures that the measuring bar always moves to the correct measuring fields.
- the choice of the correct print control strip type can be checked by another algorithm in which a sensor detects a coding field within the print control strip and verifies the data encoded therein. Furthermore, a plausibility check of the measured values both in the local area and in the time domain is carried out during each measurement process. For this purpose, limit values for deviation z.
- the plausibility test is based here on the fact that in offset mode, the printing units in normal operation allow only continuous changes in the color values, so that jumps in color density, which a certain Magnitude exceed immediately attributable to errors in the measuring system.
- a display can be provided which informs about the state of the printing process.
- the printing staff will see the OK status on a display. If the machine is not in this stable state, this can be seen on the display and the printing staff knows that waste is being produced.
- the measuring method can also be used for indirect moisture measurement of the sheet.
- the dampening solution is usually reduced until so-called "toning" occurs in the screen printing on the sheet. This toning shows up
- the humidity value is again increased by a certain fixed percentage.
- a 70% -90% grid is introduced on the sheet in the print control bar or on positions specially arranged on the sheet for each color on the sheet edge. From the knowledge of the area coverage of this field and the printed color density, therefore, easy toning can be detected reliably with the measuring heads. This allows the color-water balance to be set and monitored.
- Fig. 1 shows a sheet-fed rotary printing machine 1 with a sheet feeder module 2 and a sheet delivery module 3 and four interposed printing units 4, 5.
- This embodiment of a sheet-fed rotary printing machine 1 is of course only to be understood as an example, since the number of printing units 4, 5 between sheet feeder 2 and sheet delivery 3 for the essence the invention plays no role.
- the printing units 4, 5 are connected to each other via transport cylinder 9, so that in the sheet delivery 2 stacked printed sheets 705 promoted by the individual printing units 4, 5 through the boom 3 and can be printed in the printing units 4, 5.
- the last printing unit 5 seen in the sheet running direction differs from the other printing units 4 in that it has a measuring bar 6 as a scanning device for evaluating the print quality of printed sheets.
- the measuring beam 6 is therefore accommodated in the last printing unit 5, since all the colors applied in the printing process are already present on the printed sheet 705 and thus the final state of the printed sheet is present.
- the term printing unit 4.5 is to be taken further, since of course one or more of the printing units 4, 5 can also be coating plants, sealing plants or other sheet-processing plants. Even if these other works are present in the printing machine 1, it makes sense that the measuring beam is mounted in the last work 5 in order to be able to control the sheet 705 with all the paint layers.
- All printing units 4, 5 have an impression cylinder 7 and a blanket cylinder 8, which form the printing nip 100 of a printing unit 4, 5.
- each printing unit 4, 5 is equipped with an inking unit 13.
- the cylinders 7, 8 and the inking unit 13 are mounted in the side walls 14 of the printing machine 1 and are driven by there existing engines and gearbox.
- the printing gap 100 between the printing cylinders 7, 8 is in the magnification in Fig. 1 to see more clearly.
- the enlargement of the surroundings of the printing gap 100 in the last printing unit 5 together with the measuring bar 6 also shows the approximate size ratios The cross-section of the measuring beam 6 with respect to the diameters of the printing cylinder 7, 8.
- sheet grippers 101 are further attached, which guide the sheet 705 to the impression cylinder 7, receive from the transport cylinder 9 and transferred to the boom 3.
- the printed sheet 705 is held at the rear end by the printing gap 100 and held at the front end thereof by the sheet gripper 101.
- the dimensions of the cross section of the measuring beam 6 are in Fig. 1 on a printing machine 1 in 102 cm sheet format on its face 102 mm in width and 69 mm in height. Furthermore, the measuring beam 6 is slightly inclined with respect to the horizontal so that it runs parallel to the surface of a sheet 705 when it is guided by the sheet gripper 101 and the printing nip 100. On the measuring beam 6, a sensor 15 is attached, which, however, can also be integrated in the measuring beam 6.
- This sensor 15 is an optical sensor, for example a camera, which can detect markings on a printed sheet 705.
- the sensor 15 can be used to observe extraneous light sources 800 and trigger the measurement process by the measuring beam 6.
- the sensor 15 is networked with the measuring electronics 201 and the computer 200 of the printing press 1.
- the measurement process can be controlled by the sensor 15 so that it is only measured when no extraneous light 800 falls on the measuring surface or directly into the scanning device 6.
- the sensor 15 may consist of a combined sensor or of several separate sensors. It is also possible for a plurality of sensors 15 to be distributed over the entire length of the measuring beam 6.
- the sensors 15 can also be integrated in the measuring beam 6.
- Fig. 2 shows a sheet-fed printing press 1, which, unlike Fig. 1 equipped with a sheet turning device 10, so that when perfecting in the first four printing units 4, 5, the one side of a sheet 705 can be printed and in the second four printing units 4, 5, the other side.
- the printing press has 1 in Fig. 2 two printing units 5, to which a measuring bar 6 is attached, since both the Front as well as the back of an arc must be checked with a measuring beam 6.
- the measuring bars 6 are located in the last printing unit 5 in front of the turning device 10 and in the last printing unit 5 in front of the sheet delivery 3.
- the measuring beam 6 is designed easily removable and can also be installed in another printing unit 4.
- Fig. 2 are also connections to the two printing units 5 previous printing units 4 attached.
- the designed for receiving a measuring beam 6 printing units 5, 4 are provided with electrical connections, which are each connected to a measuring electronics 201.
- the measuring electronics 201 are in turn connected to the control console and computer 200 of the printing machine 1, so that all measured values can be displayed there to the operating personnel of the printing machine 1.
- the settings of the printing machine 1 can be changed to control the print quality.
- the computer 200 of the printing machine 1 is also connected via a wired or wireless connection 12, for example via an Internet connection with devices of the prepress 11, such devices 11 are in particular platesetters for the production of printing plates for offset printing machines.
- a wired or wireless connection 12 for example via an Internet connection with devices of the prepress 11, such devices 11 are in particular platesetters for the production of printing plates for offset printing machines.
- the connection 12 to the pre-press 11 it is possible to use the data originating from the measurements of the measuring bar 6 also for changing the production process in the pre-stage 11.
- further changes in the printing process can be made, as would be possible by mere changes to the settings of the printing press 1.
- the production of the printing plates can be optimized.
- a hand-held measuring device 202 can furthermore be connected, which can be used for calibration purposes of the measuring modules 603.
- the interior of the measuring beam 6 is in Fig. 3 shown, wherein the measuring beam 6 is constructed such that it can be fixed in the printing unit 5, 4, while in the interior of the measuring beam 6, a movable measuring carriage 605 is arranged.
- the measuring beam 6 extends over the entire width of a printed sheet in order to be able to reliably control the edge regions of the printed sheet too.
- the measuring carriage 605 can be moved to the inside of the measuring beam 6, in order to also be able to measure over the entire width of the sheet. For detecting the surface of the printing sheet, the measuring carriage 605 in Fig.
- the measuring carriage 605 can be moved in several steps or continuously, so that with 4 colors after 16 measurements all 32 color zones have been measured over several printed sheets 705.
- the measuring carriage 605 is mounted in a guide rail 606, wherein it is driven by a linear motor 604.
- this can be taken laterally from the measuring beam 6, in which the side walls 601 are removed.
- the side walls 601 are designed to be easily detachable, ie they are fastened to the housing of the measuring beam 6 with a plurality of screws.
- the measuring beam 6 consists essentially of a U-shaped profile which is open on the side facing the printed sheet.
- the open side of the U-profile is closed with a removable bottom 615, which additionally comprises transparent parts 616 made of glass, so that the measuring modules 603 on the measuring carriage 605 through the bottom 616 of the measuring carriage 615 can scan through the underlying substrate.
- a removable bottom 615 which additionally comprises transparent parts 616 made of glass, so that the measuring modules 603 on the measuring carriage 605 through the bottom 616 of the measuring carriage 615 can scan through the underlying substrate.
- there are 605 additional facilities on the measuring trolley In addition to the measuring modules 603 and their electronics, there are 605 additional facilities on the measuring trolley. Since the measurement modules 603 have illumination modules 623 in addition to the spectral measurement heads 622, the measurement carriage 605 must be provided with an illumination source 610.
- the illumination source is a flashlamp 610 which is powered by a power supply 612 on the meter.
- the power supply unit 612, in turn, and the electronics of the measuring modules 603 are connected to the housing of the measuring beam 6 via flexible electrical cables 618.
- the attached to the housing of the measuring beam 6 end of the flexible electric cable 618 ends in an electrical plug connection 619, by means of which the measuring bar 6 is connected to the electrical power supply of the printing machine 1 and the measuring electronics 201.
- the connection of electrical energy and signal transmission can be done by means of a pluggable or rotatable combination plug. All electrical components, including the measurement modules 603, are mounted on one or fewer boards 631 to ensure short power and signal paths in a confined space.
- the measuring carriage 605 Since only one flashlamp 610 is located on the measuring carriage 605, its flashlight must be transported to the individual illumination modules 623 by means of a coupling-in optics 611 and light guides 614 connected thereto.
- the power supply unit 612 of the flashlamp 610 are to provide the necessary energy and lightning capacitors 607 on the measuring carriage 605.
- the measuring carriage 605 includes a distribution device 620 for distributing electrical energy to the individual electrical loads and for distributing the electrical signals of the interconnected components in Measuring carriage 605.
- the scanning device 6 is not only able to spectrally measure the surface of a printed sheet, but it also serves to detect register marks and to evaluate the same.
- the measuring carriage 605 has a right register sensor 608 and a left register sensor 613.
- each measuring module 603 may contain a register sensor so that a plurality of register marks can be measured over the entire width of the printing material 705 in parallel.
- the entire electronics in the 605 measuring trolley are accommodated in a very small space, for example, 70 percent of the volume of the 605 trolley is filled with components, producing a lot of waste heat in a relatively small space.
- the interior of the measuring beam 6 is liquid-cooled.
- a closed cooling circuit is produced, wherein this cooling circuit via coolant channels 617 in the side walls 601 is closed.
- the coolant channels 621, 617 are connected via a Coolant port 602 supplied on the outside of the measuring beam 6 with coolant. Therefore, a pump for circulating the coolant need not be mounted inside the measuring beam 6 itself, but may be connected to the outside.
- FIG. 4 shown side view of the measuring beam 6 shows in addition to the substantially U-shaped profile of the measuring beam 6 extending in the U-profile cooling channels 621, which are connected at the two end faces of the measuring beam 6 through the coolant channels 617 in the side walls 601 to the closed circuit. Furthermore, the glass cover 615 can be seen in the measuring beam bottom, which protects the sensitive measuring modules 603 on the measuring carriage 605 against contamination.
- the U-shaped housing of the measuring beam 6, the side walls 601 and the measuring beam bottom 615 with its glass inserts 616 are connected to one another via seals, so that no dust or liquids can reach the interior of the measuring beam 6.
- the bottom 615 there is a dirt-repellent surface 628, over which webs 629 located transversely to the longitudinal extent of the measuring beam extend.
- the webs 629 keep the printing material 705 at a distance when it is measured, thus avoiding direct contact of the printing material 705 and the bottom 615.
- the webs 629 can also be dirt-repellent coated.
- Fig. 5 shows a bottom view of the measuring beam 6, here the Messbalkenboden 615 is clearly visible.
- the measuring carriage 605 has eight measuring modules 603, which respectively consist of the actual measuring heads 623 and lighting modules 623.
- the measuring carriage 605 is moved laterally by one or more measuring fields after each measuring process.
- the distance between the measuring modules 603 is thus four color zones, so that the measuring modules 603 measure exactly every fourth color zone in parallel.
- the sheet has been measured across all 32 color zones of a color. When printing with four colors, 16 scans are necessary.
- a movable shutter 627 can be seen, which can cover a measuring module 603.
- the closure 627 may be present on each module 603 and is powered electrically or mechanically, but it may also a common closure 627 can be used for all modules 603.
- the closure 627 is in Fig. 5 movable in the sheet transport direction transversely to the measuring beam 6 and protects the optics of the measuring modules 603 from damage between the measuring operations, it can also cover the entire underside of the measuring beam 6 between the individual measuring operations.
- the drive of the shutter 627 is coupled to the computer 200 of the printing press.
- a calibration surface 801 is arranged, which can be approached by the outside measuring modules 603 .. If a measuring module 603 positioned over the calibration surface 801, so its standard surface is measured.
- the surface is a white tile, which corresponds to paper white.
- a measuring module 603 can be calibrated at any time between two measurements on the printing substrate 705.
- the measurement modules 603, which can not approach the tile 801, are calibrated by transfer calibration of the adjacent measurement modules 603. To protect the tile 801 from contamination, this is also closed by means of a laterally movable cover 802. Thus, the tile 801 is always kept covered by the cover 802 between the calibration measurements.
- Fig. 5 Also in Fig. 5 are dirt-repellent and the bow at a distance holding webs 629 to see. These webs 629 are connected to the cover 615 of the measuring beam 6.
- the measuring beam is sealed by a glass layer 616 under the cover 615.
- the cover 616 with the webs 629 and the recesses for the free view of the measuring modules 603 on the sheet 705 can be folded away or removed, so that the glass layer 616 can easily be cleaned over the entire surface.
- All measurement modules 603 receive the light of a single light source 610, it is ensured that all measurement modules 603 use the same light in the measurement and therefore the measurement conditions for all modules 603 are the same.
- An additional light guide 614 may also be connected to the lamp 610, which opens on the other side in a light reference measuring head 632. This light reference measuring head 632 has the task to measure the light of the lamp 610 and to give a signal for maintenance and control when changed. Thus, a defective or due to aging equipped with no longer sufficient luminosity lamp 610 is detected in good time.
- FIG. 7a and 7b Alternative to flexible light guides 614 in Fig. 6 can be like in Fig. 7a and 7b also shown the principle of optical trombone used.
- the optical fibers of the measuring carriage 605 and of the measuring beam 6 each terminate at the end faces 625, 626 of the same, so that they always lie exactly aligned.
- an optical gap 624 which, as in FIG Fig. 7a and 7b shown varies depending on the position of the measuring carriage 605.
- the optical gap 624 between the optical fibers can be bridged by being mirrored.
- the light rays emerging from the light guides of the measuring beam 6 can be coupled into the optical waveguides in each position of the measuring carriage 605.
- Such an optical trombone is less susceptible to wear than flexible optical fibers 614, which is of enormous importance in view of millions of measuring operations. It has been found that flexible light guides 614 tend to break after relatively few measuring operations and then have to be replaced.
- Fig. 8a and 8b each show the measuring beam 6 seen from below, with two different arrangements of measuring heads 622 and lighting modules 623.
- the measuring heads 622 and the illumination modules 623 are aligned crosswise, so that the light, which is reflected from the substrate is not scanned by the directly opposite measuring head 622 but crossed crosswise.
- Such an arrangement allows the arrangement of many measuring heads in a small space, since here the distance between the measuring heads 622 and the opposite lighting modules 623 in comparison to an arrangement according to FIG Fig. 8b may be lower, at which the measuring heads 622 scan the reflected light of exactly opposite illumination modules 623.
- a print control strip 700 is shown on a printed sheet 705.
- the print control strip 700 as well as the actual print image is printed on the sheet 705 in the printing units 4, 5 of the printing press 1.
- the sheet 705 and the print control strip 700 is complete and can be measured by the measuring bar 6.
- the bow 705 is here in the so-called medium format ie in a sheet width of 74 cm and has 23 color zones 701, 703 on.
- Each color zone 701, 703 consists of 6 color measuring fields 702 and four further measuring fields 704. These color zones 701, 703 are measured by the measuring modules 603 of the measuring bar 6. Normally, only one measuring field 702, 704 per color separation and color zone 701, 703 is measured by a measuring module 603 on a sheet 705.
- ink zones 701, 703 and six measuring modules 603 and 10 measuring fields 702, 704 per ink zone this results in 40 measuring operations on 40 printed sheets 705 before all measuring fields 701, 703 are recorded once were.
- more 603 measurement modules must be provided.
- several print control strips 700 may be mounted on a sheet, for example one at the beginning of the sheet and one in the middle of the sheet or at the end of the sheet.
- the metering modules 603 may also be placed over special metering panels 702, 704 that contain color information on multiple or all colors.
- the measuring modules 603 then either do not have to be moved at all or are less frequently used, since the color information in a measuring field is locally compact. In the case of changes within the special measuring fields, the measuring mode is then changed again, and again all measuring fields 702, 704 are measured as in the start-up phase.
- Fig. 10 shows a similar embodiment as Fig. 5
- a laterally movable measuring carriage 605 is located in an enclosed, finished measuring beam 6.
- the measuring beam on a continuous glass cover 634, which closes the underside of the measuring beam 6.
- a sheet guide plate for sheet guide 633 On the outside of the measuring beam 6 is still above the continuous glass cover 634, a sheet guide plate for sheet guide 633, which carries two slots 639 in the longitudinal direction.
- the measuring modules 603 consisting of the measuring head 622 and the lighting module 623 in the measuring carriage 605 can measure a printing material 705 running beneath the sheet guide 633.
- the outside of the glass cover 634 and disposed within the slots 639 webs 629.
- the webs 629 prevent the substrate 705 touches the glass cover 634 and thus dirty. Since the webs 629 as in Fig. 10 may be located in the beam path of the measuring modules 603, since the measuring carriage 605 has to measure over the entire width of the printing material, a compensating device is to be provided which compensates for the influence of the webs 629 in the beam path of the measuring modules 603. Such a compensation device has already been described elsewhere in this application.
- FIG. 11 An alternative embodiment to Fig. 10 shows Fig. 11 , Also here is a movable measuring carriage 605 in a measuring beam 6, however, the measuring bar is open at the bottom, which is why the measuring carriage 605 is closed by a bottom 635.
- the measuring carriage 605 has for this purpose a base 635 made of sheet metal, which is additionally provided with glazed through-openings 636.
- the glass openings 636 are positioned just below the beam paths of the measuring modules 603. Therefore, in Fig. 11 for 8 measuring modules 603 on the measuring trolley 605 exactly 16 glass transparent openings 636 below the 8 measuring heads 622 and 8 lighting modules 623 attached.
- the glass openings 636 may be as in Fig. 11 be executed circular, but they can also be oval, rectangular or designed in another form.
- blast air ducts 637 in the bottom 635 of the measuring carriage, through which blast air can escape from the interior of the measuring trolley 605.
- This blowing air is used to keep the printing material 705 at a distance from the bottom 635 in order to avoid contact of the arc 705 and thus contamination of the glass openings 636.
- the blast air ducts 637 are acted upon by means of a Blas Kunststoffttle 638, for example, a small compressor or fan in the interior of the measuring carriage 605 with blowing air.
- FIGS. 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d show different fixing possibilities of the printing material 705 during the measuring process by the measuring beam 6 in a sheet-fed rotary printing press 1.
- Fig. 1 known possibility in Fig. 12a
- Fig. 12b a sheet 705 is held on both ends of transport grippers 101 on a transport cylinder 9 and thus fixed under the measuring beam 6 during the measurement.
- transport gripper 101 may also as in Fig.
- a blowing device 16 may be installed above the transport cylinder 9, which presses the free not fixed in a gripper end of the sheet 705 on the transport cylinder 9 and so fixed. Furthermore, a solution according to Fig. 12d used. In this solution, the sheet 705 is fixed on the transport cylinder 9 substantially by means of negative pressure.
- the vacuum chamber 17 may be part of a suction pump in the interior of the cylinder 9 or connected to a suction pump outside the cylinder 9.
- the mounting of the measuring beam 6 is made in a printing unit of a printing machine 1, explained Fig. 13 .
- the measuring beam 6 is in principle installed transversely to the sheet transport direction 19 between the side walls 14 of the printing machine 1. Since the measuring beam 6 should also be retrofittable in existing machines, the assembly is done via two side mounting plates 20, which in principle can be installed in any printing press 1, as long as the required space is available.
- the mounting plates 20 can also compensate for different distances between the side walls 14 by being made different thicknesses.
- the mounting plates 20 are fastened by means of mounting screws 21 on the side walls 14 and carry the storage for the measuring beam 6.
- the measuring beam 6 has at its two ends in each case covers 22 which enclose the measuring beam 6 and bearing 23 bearing. These bearings 23 support the measuring beam 6 with respect to the mounting plates 20 and reduce vibrations which the printing press 1 would transmit to the measuring beam 6.
- the covers 22 may be configured so that the measuring beam 6 can be easily removed from the covers 22.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
- Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
- Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Erfassung von spektralen, densitometrischen oder farblichen Messwerten auf Bedruckstoffen während des Druckprozesses in einer Druckmaschine.The present invention relates to a method for detecting spectral, densitometric or color measurements on substrates during the printing process in a printing press.
Bei jedem Druckvorgang wird das Ziel zu erreichen versucht, dass die Druckexemplare soweit wie möglich der Originaldruckvorlage entsprechen. Dazu ist eine aufwendige Qualitätskontrolle und Überwachung der bedruckten Bedruckstoffe in einem Druckereibetrieb durch das Druckpersonal erforderlich. Nach dem Stand der Technik geschieht dies durch visuelle Begutachtung durch das Bedienpersonal und durch den Einsatz von optischen Messgeräten, welche entweder densitometrisch oder spektral messen. Bei Bogenoffsetdruckmaschinen muss dazu ein Bogen aus dem Ausleger entnommen werden, welcher üblicherweise auf ein Bogenauflagepult abgelegt wird. Auf diesem Pult wird der Bogen mit einer genormten Beleuchtungsquelle ausgeleuchtet und unter zu Hilfenahme optischer Messtechnik vermessen oder visuell begutachtet. Dieser Vorgang kostet jedoch Zeit, wobei erschwerend hinzu kommt, dass die Druckmaschine während der Qualitätskontrolle weiter druckt und dabei unter Umständen Makulatur anfällt, wenn der begutachtete Bogen noch nicht den Erwartungen entspricht. Da eine Druckmaschine nach jeder Unterbrechung eine gewisse Anzahl Bogen benötigt, bis der Druckprozess wieder einen stabilen Zustand erreicht hat, ist Makulatur auch nicht durch schnelles Abschalten der Druckmaschine während der Bedruckstoffkontrolle verhinderbar. Weiterhin wird zur Begutachtung des Druckbogens Druckpersonal benötigt, welches während der Qualitätskontrolle für andere Tätigkeiten nicht zur Verfügung steht. Da während der Einrichtphase einer Druckmaschine viele Einstellmöglichkeiten insbesondere im Farbwerksbereich vorgenommen werden müssen, fällt normalerweise eine Makulatur zwischen 150 und 400 Bogen an. Es kommt noch erschwerend hinzu, dass der Druckprozess im allgemeinen nur schwer reproduzierbar ist, da das Druckresultat von sehr vielen Parametern wie Farbe, Temperatur, Wasser, Papier, Druckgeschwindigkeit, Gummituch, Beschaffenheit der Druckplatte, etc. abhängt. All diese Parameter verändern sich meist in irgendeiner Form von Druckjob zu Druckjob, es ist daher nicht ausreichend, die Einstellung eines Druckjobs zu speichern und für Wiederholaufträge genauso abzurufen, denn z. B. könnte sich inzwischen die Lufttemperatur oder Luftfeuchtigkeit geändert haben, so dass auch für denselben Druckjob neue Einstellungen aufgrund geänderter Umweltbedingungen vorgenommen werden müssen.Each time you print, the goal is to try to make the copies as close as possible to the original artwork. For this, a complex quality control and monitoring of the printed substrates in a printing operation by the printing staff is required. According to the state of the art, this is done by visual inspection by the operating personnel and by the use of optical measuring devices, which measure either densitometrically or spectrally. For sheetfed offset presses, a sheet must be removed from the boom, which is usually stored on a Bogenauflagepult. On this desk, the arc is illuminated with a standardized illumination source and measured with the aid of optical measuring technology or visually inspected. However, this process takes time, which complicates the fact that the printing press continues to print during the quality control and it may result in waste if the inspected sheet is not yet expected. Since a printing press requires a certain number of sheets after each interruption until the printing process has again reached a stable state, it is also not possible to prevent waste by quickly switching off the printing press during the printing stock control. Furthermore, to assess the sheet pressure personnel is required, which is not available for other activities during quality control. Since many adjustment options have to be made during the setup phase of a printing press, in particular in the inking unit area, a waste of between 150 and 400 sheets usually occurs. It is even more aggravating that the printing process is generally difficult to reproduce because the print result depends on many parameters such as color, temperature, water, paper, printing speed, blanket, nature of the printing plate, etc. All these parameters usually change in some form of print job to print job, it is Therefore, it is not sufficient to save the setting of a print job and retrieve it for repeat jobs as well. B. could have changed the air temperature or humidity in the meantime, so that new settings due to changed environmental conditions must be made for the same print job.
Da bei Rollenoffsetdruckmaschinen die bedruckten Zeitungsbahnen nicht einfach der Maschine entnommen werden können, gibt es hier bereits Messsysteme, welche die Qualität einer bedruckten Bahn spektral oder densitometrisch zu erfassen versuchen. Ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Abtastvorrichtung zur optischen Dichtemessung ist aus der
Weiterhin sind aus dem Ifra Special Report 3.35 Inline-Messsysteme für Rollenrotationsdruckmaschinen bekannt, welche mit einem geschlossenen Regelkreis arbeiten, d.h. die durch die Inline-Messung erfassten Messwerte zur Beurteilung der Druckqualität der Bedruckstoffbahn werden direkt an einen Rechner der Rollenrotationsdruckmaschine weitergeleitet und dort verarbeitet. Der Rechner korrigiert dann etwaige Abweichungen automatisch und verändert Einstellungen der Druckmaschine. Auch diesen Verfahren wohnt jedoch der Nachteil inne, dass nur Abweichungen in einem Rahmen korrigiert werden können, der von der Steuerung der Druckmaschine zugelassen wird. Insbesondere Korrekturen des Farbprofils sind so nicht automatisch möglich, da diese nur in Verbindung mit den Daten aus der Druckvorstufe vorgenommen werden können. Des Weiteren werden bei den bekannten Inline-Messungen nur die Daten eines einzigen nämlich des gerade aktuellen Druckauftrages bei der Korrektur der Einstellungen in der Druckmaschine berücksichtigt.Furthermore, from the Ifra Special Report 3.35 inline measuring systems for web-fed rotary printing machines are known which operate with a closed loop, ie the measured values recorded by the inline measurement for assessing the print quality of the printing material web are forwarded directly to a computer of the web-fed rotary printing press and processed there. The calculator then corrects any Deviations automatically and changes settings of the printing press. However, this method also has the disadvantage that only deviations in a frame that is permitted by the control of the printing press can be corrected. In particular, corrections of the color profile are not automatically possible because they can only be made in conjunction with the data from the prepress. Furthermore, in the known in-line measurements, only the data of a single, namely, the current print job is taken into account in the correction of the settings in the printing press.
Aus der Patentschrift
Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, welches über mehrere Druckaufträge hinweg eine automatische Korrektur von Abweichungen in der Druckmaschine ermöglichtIt is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method which allows an automatic correction of deviations in the printing press across multiple print jobs
Erfindungsgemäß wird die vorliegende Aufgabe gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen und den Zeichnungen zu entnehmen. Mittels der Erfassung von Messdaten auf durch die Druckmaschine transportierten Bogen kann immer der aktuelle Zustand des Systems Druckmaschine ermittelt und es können so sofort durch eine Regelung Korrekturen vorgenommen werden, was sonst bei Bogendruckmaschinen nicht möglich ist. Diese Regelung kann während der Einrichtphase aber auch während des Fortdrucks geschehen. Während des Fortdrucks sind allerdings Korrekturen wesentlich seltener erforderlich, da hier der Zustand der Druckmaschine stabiler ist. Deshalb sind im Fortdruck nicht so viele Messungen durchzuführen, weshalb die Messstrategie an den jeweiligen Zustand der Druckmaschine angepasst werden kann. Dies ist weiter unten im Text noch näher beschrieben.According to the present invention, the object is achieved according to
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden während des Druckprozesses in der Druckmaschine nicht nur ständig spektrale, densitometrische oder farbliche Messwerte auf den produzierten Bedruckstoffen erfasst, sondern die Messwerte werden in einem Rechner der Druckmaschine oder einem separaten Rechner ausgewertet und zumindest diejenigen Abweichungen, welche nicht ausreichend durch Veränderung der Einstellungen an der Druckmaschine vermieden werden können, werden an die Steuerung in der Druckvorstufe weitergeleitet. Dies ist insbesondere in der sogenannten Computer to Plate Technologie (CtP) relativ einfach zu bewerkstelligen, da diese digitalen Druckvorstufen ebenfalls Rechner aufweisen, welch die entsprechenden Daten von dem Rechner der Druckmaschine empfangen können. Auf diese Art und Weise wird ein geschlossener Regelkreis angefangen vom fertigen Bedruckstoff über die Druckmaschine und die Druckvorstufe wieder zurück zur Druckmaschine geschlossen. Die von der Druckmaschine gesendeten Messwerte bzw. deren Beurteilung kann somit in der Druckvorstufe bei der Herstellung der Druckplatten berücksichtigt und somit auch Abweichungen korrigiert werden, welche in der Druckmaschine allein nicht auszugleichen sind. Es ist anzumerken, dass unter farblichen Messwerten Werte in Farbräumen wie dem Lab-, dem RGB-Farbraum, oder anderen eindeutigen Farbräumen verstanden werden. Auch über mehrere Druckaufträge hinweg können so Messwerte bei der Erstellung von Druckplatten berücksichtigt werden, so dass über viele Druckaufträge hinweg ein kontinuierlicher Verbesserungsprozess in der gesamten Produktionskette vom Scanner in der Druckvorstufe bis hin zum Endprodukt in der Druckmaschine stattfindet. Auf diese Art und Weise ist es möglich, einen Verbesserungsprozess durchzuführen ohne in einem aufwendigen Prozess Spezialtestformen erfassen zu müssen. Da in einem digitalen Workflow wie heute meist üblich die Druckvorstufe mit Scannern, Plattenbelichtern, Rasterimageprozessoren und die Druckmaschine miteinander vernetzt sind, können diese Daten auch ohne zusätzliche Hardware bzw. mit geringem zusätzlichen Aufwand ausgetauscht werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention not only constantly spectral, densitometric or color values are recorded on the produced substrates during the printing process in the printing press, but the measured values are evaluated in a computer of the printing press or a separate computer and at least those deviations which are not sufficient by changing the Settings on the press can be avoided, are forwarded to the controller in the prepress. This is relatively easy to accomplish in particular in the so-called computer-to-plate technology (CtP), since these digital prepress stages also have computers which can receive the corresponding data from the computer of the printing press. In this way, a closed loop is started from the finished substrate through the press and the prepress back to the press closed. The measured values sent by the printing press or their evaluation can thus be taken into account in the prepress stage during the production of the printing plates and thus also deviations which are not compensated for in the printing press alone can be corrected. It should be noted that color readings are understood to mean values in color spaces such as Lab, RGB color space, or other unique color spaces. Measured values can be taken into account when creating printing plates even across multiple print jobs, so that over many print jobs, a continuous improvement process takes place throughout the entire production chain, from the scanner in the prepress stage to the final product in the press. In this way it is possible to carry out an improvement process without having to record special test forms in a complex process. Since in a digital workflow as today usually the prepress with scanners, platesetters, raster image processors and the printing press are networked together, this data can be exchanged without additional hardware or with little additional effort.
In einer ersten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die erfassten Messwerte einem Rechner zugeführt werden und der Rechner die Messwerte zur Erstellung oder Korrektur eines Farbprofils bei der Ansteuerung von Farbwerken einer Druckmaschine verwendet. Für eine originalgetreue Farbwiedergabe ist es unverzichtbar, das Farbprofil der Druckmaschine mit dem Farbprofil der Druckvorstufe zu verknüpfen, um so Abweichungen zwischen dem Druckvorlageoriginal und dem Druckendprodukt so gering wie irgend möglich zu halten. Mittels der der Druckvorstufe zugesandten durch Inline-Messung gewonnen Daten ist es möglich, die Farbprofile von Druckmaschine und Druckvorstufe miteinander in Beziehung zu setzen und bei etwaigen Abweichungen das Farbprofil der Druckmaschine zu korrigieren. Damit wird das Farbprofil der Druckmaschine automatisch ohne Zutun des Druckpersonals ständig kontrolliert und gegebenenfalls angepasst.In a first embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the acquired measured values are fed to a computer and the computer uses the measured values for creating or correcting a color profile in the control of inking units of a printing press. For faithful color reproduction, it is essential to associate the color profile of the press with the color profile of the pre-press so as to minimize any discrepancies between the master and final product. By means of the pre-press sent by inline measurement data, it is possible to color profiles of printing press and To correlate prepress with each other and to correct the color profile of the printing press in case of any deviations. Thus, the color profile of the printing machine is automatically checked without the intervention of the printing staff constantly and adjusted if necessary.
Bei einer weiteren oder alternativen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass Sensoren zur Aufnahme der Messwerte vorhanden sind und zur farblichen Kalibrierung in bestimmten zeitlichen Abständen mittels einer Kalibrierungseinrichtung kalibriert werden. Da bei einem Inline-Messverfahren ständig Messwerte ermittelt werden, muss unbedingt sichergestellt sein, dass diese Messwerte miteinander vergleichbar sind. Für eine solche genaue Messung ist daher neben einer einmaligen Eichung bei der Inbetriebnahme eine regelmäßige Systemkalibrierung notwendig, um wärme- oder verschleißbedingte Änderungen der Messwerte, altersbedingte Änderungen von Beleuchtungsquellen oder Verschmutzungen berücksichtigen zu können. Zu diesem Zweck weist die in der Druckmaschine vorhandene Inline-Messvorrichtung eine Kalibrierungseinrichtung auf, welche in bestimmten Abständen in Betrieb genommen wird. Auf diese Art und Weise wird sichergestellt, dass sich das Inline-Messsystem ständig neu kalibriert und die betriebsbedingten Abweichungen vermieden werden.In a further or alternative embodiment of the invention, it is provided that sensors for recording the measured values are present and are calibrated for color calibration at specific time intervals by means of a calibration device. Since measured values are constantly determined in an inline measuring method, it must absolutely be ensured that these measured values are comparable with one another. For such an accurate measurement, therefore, in addition to a one-time calibration during commissioning, a regular system calibration is necessary in order to be able to take into account heat or wear-related changes in the measured values, age-related changes of illumination sources or soiling. For this purpose, the in-line measuring device present in the printing press has a calibration device which is put into operation at certain intervals. In this way it is ensured that the in-line measuring system is continuously recalibrated and operational deviations avoided.
Es ist des weiteren vorgesehen, dass als Bezugswert für die Kalibrierungseinrichtung eine Kalibrierungsfläche mit zugehörigen farblichen Messwerten, welche im Rechner gespeichert sind, vorhanden ist. Die in dem Inline-Messsystem vorhandenen Messköpfe zur spektralen, densitometrischen oder farblichen Messung werden dazu in bestimmten zeitlichen Abständen auf eine Kalibrierungsfläche gerichtet und neu kalibriert. Im Messsystem ist dabei der Farbwert der Kalibrierungsfläche bekannt, so dass der vom Messkopf ermittelte Wert mit dem hinterlegten Farbwert rechnerisch verglichen werden kann. Wenn dabei Abweichungen auftreten, so wird die Messelektronik des Messkopfes entsprechend neu kalibriert, d. h. es wird eine Korrektur derart vorgenommen, dass der Messwert an den hinterlegten Farbwert im Rechner angeglichen wird. Durch diese Kalibrierung können auch verschmutzte Messköpfe zumindest über einen relativ langen Zeitraum noch brauchbare Messergebnisse liefern, während ohne Kalibrierung schon nach relativ kurzer Zeit eine Säuberung der gesamten Messeinrichtung oder ein Austausch einer alternden Beleuchtungsvorrichtung erforderlich wäre.It is further provided that the reference value for the calibration device is a calibration area with associated color measurement values which are stored in the computer. The measuring heads for spectral, densitometric or color measurement, which are available in the inline measuring system, are directed to a calibration surface at certain time intervals and recalibrated. In the measuring system, the color value of the calibration surface is known, so that the value determined by the measuring head can be computationally compared with the stored color value. If deviations occur, the measuring electronics of the measuring head are recalibrated accordingly, ie a correction is made in such a way that the measured value is matched to the stored color value in the computer. This calibration also allows soiled probes to provide usable readings, at least over a relatively long period of time, while without calibration a clean-up of the entire meter or replacement of an aging fixture would be required in a relatively short time.
Vorteilhafter Weise ist vorgesehen, dass die Kalibrierungsfläche weiß ist. Aus farbmetrischen Gründen sollte die Kalibrierungsmessung idealer Weise auf einer genormten Weißfläche erfolgen, weshalb die Kalibrierungsfläche in genau diesem Farbton ausgeführt ist.Advantageously, it is provided that the calibration surface is white. For colorimetric reasons, the calibration measurement should ideally be done on a standardized white area, which is why the calibration area is designed in exactly that color.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass eine oder mehrere Kalibrierungsflächen im Kanal eines Druckzylinders in Verlängerung der Druckzylinderoberfläche angeordnet sind. Da das Inline-Messsystem mehrere Messköpfe vorzugsweise acht Messköpfe bei 32 Farbzonen über die Breite des Bedruckstoffs verteilt aufweist, müssen sämtliche Messköpfe mittels Kalibrierungsflächen eingestellt und kontrolliert werden. Da aber die seitliche Beweglichkeit der Messköpfe eingeschränkt ist, ist es nicht möglich, sämtliche Messköpfe zu einer seitlich angebrachten Kalibrierungsfläche zu verfahren. Des weiteren ist es wichtig, dass der Abstand zwischen Kalibrierungsfläche und Messkopf genau dem Abstand zwischen Messkopf- und Bedruckstoffoberfläche entspricht. Um die Kalibrierungsflächen für sämtliche Messköpfe über die gesamte Breite des Bedruckstoffs anbringen zu können, werden diese im Kanal eines Druckzylinders in Verlängerung der Druckzylinderoberfläche angeordnet. Dadurch weisen die Kalibrierungsflächen genau den selben Abstand gegenüber den Messköpfen auf wie die Oberfläche des Bedruckstoffes und stehen beim Druckvorgang nicht im Weg.It is further provided that one or more calibration surfaces are arranged in the channel of a printing cylinder in extension of the printing cylinder surface. Since the inline measuring system has several measuring heads, preferably eight measuring heads, distributed over the width of the printing substrate in 32 ink zones, all measuring heads must be set and checked by means of calibration surfaces. However, since the lateral mobility of the measuring heads is limited, it is not possible to move all the measuring heads to a side-mounted calibration surface. Furthermore, it is important that the distance between the calibration surface and the measuring head corresponds exactly to the distance between the measuring head and the substrate surface. In order to be able to apply the calibration surfaces for all measuring heads over the entire width of the printing substrate, these are arranged in the channel of a printing cylinder as an extension of the printing cylinder surface. As a result, the calibration surfaces are exactly the same distance from the measuring heads as the surface of the substrate and are not in the way during the printing process.
In einer alternativen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass sich wenigstens eine Kalibrierungsfläche seitlich außerhalb der Druckzylinderoberfläche angeordnet zwischen Seitenwand und Druckzylinder befindet. Kalibrierungsflächen, welche sich im Druckkanal befinden, haben den großen Nachteil, dass die während des Druckprozesses verschmutzen. Befindet sich die Kalibrierungsfläche dagegen außerhalb der Druckzylinderoberfläche z. B. im Bereich der Seitenwand, ist sie dort den Verschmutzungen weniger ausgesetzt. Dadurch werden häufige Reinigungsvorgänge der Kalibrierungsfläche vermieden.In an alternative embodiment of the invention, it is provided that at least one calibration surface is arranged laterally outside the impression cylinder surface between the side wall and the impression cylinder. Calibration surfaces located in the pressure channel have the major disadvantage that they become dirty during the printing process. On the other hand, is the calibration surface outside the printing cylinder surface z. B. in the area of the side wall, it is less exposed to the pollution there. This avoids frequent cleaning operations of the calibration surface.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Sensoren Messköpfe sind und die durch die Kalibrierung eines Messkopfes ermittelten Kalibrierungswerte mittels des Rechners in Kalibrierungswerte für weitere Messköpfe umgerechnet werden. Dieses Verfahren wird auch als Transferkalibrierung bezeichnet, da hier nicht sämtliche Messköpfe auf eigenen Kalibrierungsflächen kalibriert werden, sondern eine Kalibrierungsfläche außerhalb der Zylinderoberfläche, z. B. zwischen Seitenwand und Druckzylinder angeordnet, ausreicht. Diese Kalibrierungsfläche kann jedoch nur von einem der die Bedruckstoffränder erfassenden Messköpfe vorgenommen werden, da nur diese Messköpfe seitlich über die Begrenzung der Druckzylinder hinaus verfahren werden können. Die anderen Messköpfe werden durch eine Transferkalibrierung geeicht, indem der gesamte Messbalken um einen Verfahrweg weiter verfahren wird, der dem Abstand der Messköpfe zueinander entspricht. Damit muss nur ein einziger Messkopf im Randbereich auf der Kalibrierungsfläche kalibriert werden, während im nächsten Schritt der Messbalken um den Abstand der Messköpfe verfahren wird, so dass dieser erste kalibrierte Messkopf die Zone des zweiten Messkopfes erfassen kann. Analog gilt dies auch für die weiteren Messköpfe, d. h. jeder Messkopf erfasst nun die Messzone des neben ihm liegenden Messkopfes. Während dieser Kalibrierungsmessung sind die Messköpfe entweder auf einen weißen Bedruckstoff oder auf einen farbig bedruckten Bedruckstoff ausgerichtet. Für den Ablauf der Kalibrierungsmessung spielt dies jedoch keine Rolle. Hat z. B. der zweite Messkopf neben dem ersten Messkopf, welcher über die Kalibrierungsfläche geeicht wird, gerade einen bestimmten Blauton erfasst, so wird dieser Blauton im nächsten Schritt vom ersten geeichten Messkopf erfasst. Nun werden die Messwerte des ersten und zweiten Messkopfes miteinander verglichen und gegebenenfalls die Werte des zweiten Messkopfes korrigiert. Damit ist die Transferkalibrierung auf den zweiten Messkopf abgeschlossen und es können die gegebenenfalls korrigierten Messwerte des zweiten Messkopfes mit den Messwerten des dritten Messkopfes verglichen werden. Dies geschieht in einem iterativen Verfahren für alle weiteren Messköpfe genauso, so dass nur ein einziger Messkopf mittels einer Kalibrierungsfläche kalibriert werden muss, während alle anderen in einem Schritt durch rechnerische Vergleiche kalibriert werden.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the sensors are measuring heads and the calibration values determined by the calibration of a measuring head are converted by the computer into calibration values for further measuring heads. This method is also referred to as transfer calibration, since not all measuring heads are calibrated on their own calibration surfaces, but a calibration surface outside the cylinder surface, for. B. arranged between the side wall and pressure cylinder, sufficient. However, this calibration surface can only be made by one of the measuring media edges detecting the measuring heads, since only these measuring heads can be moved laterally beyond the boundary of the printing cylinder. The other measuring heads are calibrated by a transfer calibration by moving the entire measuring bar for a distance that corresponds to the distance between the measuring heads. Thus, only a single measuring head has to be calibrated in the edge region on the calibration surface, while in the next step the measuring beam is moved by the distance of the measuring heads, so that this first calibrated measuring head can detect the zone of the second measuring head. This also applies analogously to the other measuring heads, ie each measuring head now detects the measuring zone of the measuring head lying next to it. During this calibration measurement, the probes are aligned either on a white substrate or on a color-printed substrate. However, this does not matter for the course of the calibration measurement. Has z. B. the second measuring head next to the first measuring head, which is calibrated on the calibration surface, just recorded a certain blue tone, this blue tone is detected in the next step by the first calibrated measuring head. Now, the measured values of the first and second measuring heads are compared with one another and if necessary the values of the second measuring head are corrected. This concludes the transfer calibration to the second measuring head and allows the optionally corrected measured values of the second measuring head to be compared with the measured values of the third measuring head. This is done in an iterative procedure for all other measuring heads in the same way, so that only one single measuring head has to be calibrated by means of one calibration surface, while all others are calibrated in one step by computational comparisons.
Des weiteren ist vorgesehen, dass wenigstens eine Kalibrierungsfläche mittels einer Abdeckung verschließbar ist. Mittels einer solchen Abdeckung lässt sich die Kalibrierungsfläche zuverlässig gegen die Verschmutzung während des Druckprozesses schützen. Die Abdeckung wird nur dann geöffnet, wenn ein Kalibrierungsvorgang durchgeführt werden muss. Somit entfällt das sonst immer wiederkehrende erforderliche Säubern der Kalibrierungsfläche.Furthermore, it is provided that at least one calibration surface can be closed by means of a cover. Such a cover reliably protects the calibration surface against contamination during the printing process. The cover will only be opened when a calibration procedure needs to be performed. This eliminates the otherwise repetitive required cleaning the calibration surface.
Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, dass die Kalibrierung unter zu Hilfenahme eines externen Messgeräts vorgenommen wird. Da alle in der Maschine untergebrachten Teile verschmutzungs- und störanfällig sind, kann die Transferkalibrierung auch mittels eines externen Messgeräts vorgenommen werden. Dazu ist am Bedienpult ein fest eingebautes Messgerät oder ein Handmessgerät vorhanden, welches eine eigene eingebaute Kalibrierungsfläche hat, sich in regelmäßigen Abständen auf diese Fläche kalibriert und mit welchem der gerade bedruckte Bedruckstoff vermessen wird. Da dieser Bedruckstoff zuvor durch die Inline-Messvorrichtung und ihre Messköpfe vermessen und der . Druckmaschine entnommen wurde, können die danach mit dem Handmessgerät ermittelten Werte direkt an die Messelektronik im Messbalken weitergereicht werden, und so die entsprechende Kalibrierung vorgenommen werden. Selbstverständlich kann auch zunächst der Bedruckstoff im unbedruckten Zustand d. h. als Papierweiß mit dem Handmessgerät und dann in der Druckmaschine mittels der Messköpfe der Inline-Messeinrichtung vermessen werden. Auch so lässt sich die Transferkalibrierung mit einem externen Messgerät durchführen. Besonders vorteilhaft lässt sich die Kalibrierung im druckfreien Bereich direkt nach den Greifern durchführen, da hier der Bogen ideal geführt wird und zudem immer Papierweiß vorhanden ist. Dieser Randbereich weist üblicherweise eine unbedruckte Fläche von 6-12 mm auf und ist für die Messung völlig ausreichend.It has proved to be advantageous for the calibration to be carried out with the aid of an external measuring device. Since all parts accommodated in the machine are susceptible to soiling and failure, the transfer calibration can also be carried out by means of an external measuring device. For this purpose, a built-in measuring device or a hand-held measuring device is present at the control panel, which has its own built-in calibration surface, calibrated at regular intervals on this surface and with which the currently printed substrate is measured. Because this substrate previously measured by the inline measuring device and its measuring heads and the. When the printing press has been removed, the values subsequently determined with the hand-held measuring device can be passed on directly to the measuring electronics in the measuring bar, and the corresponding calibration can thus be carried out. Of course, the first printing material in the unprinted state d. H. be measured as paper white with the hand-held measuring device and then in the printing press by means of the measuring heads of the inline measuring device. Again, the transfer calibration can be done with an external meter. The calibration can be carried out particularly advantageously in the pressure-free area directly after the grippers, since the sheet is ideally guided here and, moreover, paper white is always present. This edge area usually has an unprinted area of 6-12 mm and is completely sufficient for the measurement.
Das externe Handmessgerät kann aber auch noch zum einem anderen Zweck verwendet werden. Der Bogen wird in der Maschine aus vielfältigen Gründen unter Zuhilfenahme eines Polfilters vermessen, das heißt, alle Messwerte werden polarisiert erfasst. Die Regelung der Druckmaschine arbeitet jedoch mit unpolarisierten Werten, da die Informationen aus der Druckvorstufe nur unpolarisiert vorliegen, d.h. die erfassten Messwerte müssen in unpolarisierte Werte umgerechnet werden. Dazu muss eine rechnerische Beziehung zwischen polarisierten und unpolarisierten Werten in der Druckmaschine hinterlegt sein. Diese Beziehung kann mit Hilfe des Handmessgeräts, welches unpolarisiert misst, hergestellt werden. So wird ein Bogen einmal mit der Inline-Messeinrichtung in der Druckmaschine polarisiert vermessen und einmal außerhalb der Maschine mittels Handmessgerät unpolarisiert und polarisiert. Wenn diese Messung über mehre Bogen hinweg durchgeführt wird, ist eine Beziehung zwischen den polarisierten und den unpolarisierten Messwerten zu erkennen. Diese Beziehung wird dann als Korrekturfunktion im Rechner der Druckmaschine hinterlegt, so dass die Werte jederzeit ineinander umgerechnet werden können.The external handheld device can also be used for a different purpose. The sheet is measured in the machine for a variety of reasons with the aid of a Polfilters, that is, all measured values are detected polarized. The control of the printing press, however, works with unpolarized values, because the information from the prepress stage is only unpolarized, ie the detected Measured values must be converted into unpolarized values. For this purpose, a mathematical relationship between polarized and unpolarized values must be stored in the press. This relationship can be established using the hand-held measuring device, which measures unpolarized. Thus, a sheet is measured polarized once with the inline measuring device in the printing press and once unpolarized and polarized outside the machine by means of a hand-held measuring device. If this measurement is performed over several arcs, a relationship between the polarized and unpolarized measurements can be seen. This relationship is then stored as a correction function in the computer of the printing press, so that the values can be converted into each other at any time.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass für jeden Messkopf bestimmte Farbwerte in dem Rechner abgespeichert sind, die Verhältnisse dieser Farbwerte zueinander im Rechner abgespeichert sind und bei Veränderung der abgespeicherten Messwertverhältnisse ein Signal ausgegeben wird. Mittels einer solcher Einrichtung wird die Verschmutzung des Inline-Messsystems erkannt. Jedes Spektrometer weist z. B. bei der Auslieferung einen Weißmesswert als Initialisierungsparameter auf. Diese zu den jeweiligen Messköpfen gehörenden Weißmesswerte werden in ihren Verhältnissen zueinander für alle Messköpfe abgespeichert. Während des Druckprozesses werden dann ständig Papierweißmessungen durchgeführt und die dabei ermittelten Messwertverhältnisse mit den in der Messelektronik hinterlegten Werten verglichen. Sobald sich diese Verhältnisse ändern, wobei ein gewisser Toleranzbereich eingestellt werden kann, wird dieses als ein Signal für Verschmutzung gewertet. In diesem Fall wird dem Bedienpersonal ein akustisches oder optisches Signal angezeigt, woraufhin eine Reinigung der Messköpfe durchzuführen ist.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that certain color values are stored in the computer for each measuring head, the ratios of these color values are stored in the computer relative to one another, and a signal is output when the stored measured value ratios change. By means of such a device, the contamination of the inline measuring system is detected. Each spectrometer has z. B. on delivery to a white reading as initialization parameters. These white measured values belonging to the respective measuring heads are stored in their ratios to each other for all measuring heads. During the printing process, paper white measurements are then carried out continuously and the measured value ratios determined in the process are compared with the values stored in the measuring electronics. As soon as these conditions change, whereby a certain tolerance range can be set, this is regarded as a signal for pollution. In this case, an acoustic or visual signal is displayed to the operating personnel, whereupon a cleaning of the measuring heads is to be carried out.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass ein erster Messkopf seine eigene und die Farbzone eines neben ihm liegenden zweiten Messkopfes erfasst und der zweite Messkopf ebenfalls seine eigene Zone und die des ersten Messkopfes erfasst und die erfassten Messwerte miteinander verglichen werden. Auf diese Art und Weise wird ein Kreuzvergleich zwischen den einzelnen Messköpfen der Messmodule einer balkenförmigen Inline-Messvorrichtung in der Druckmaschine ermöglicht. Zunächst messen sämtliche Messköpfe zeitgleich eine Farbzone auf einem Bedruckstoff, dann wird der gesamte Messbalken soweit seitlich verfahren, so dass nun jeder Messkopf den Messort seines Nachbarn erfassen kann. Bei korrekt durchgeführter Kalibrierung dürfen sich diese Messwerte nicht oder nur in ganz engen Toleranzgrenzen unterscheiden. Zeigen die Messwerte jedoch Abweichungen, so lässt sich auch dadurch auf Verschmutzung an der Optik der Messköpfe schließen.Furthermore, it is provided that a first measuring head detects its own and the color zone of a second measuring head lying next to it and the second measuring head also detects its own zone and that of the first measuring head and the detected measured values are compared with one another. In this way, a cross-comparison between the individual measuring heads of the measuring modules of a bar-shaped inline measuring device enabled in the printing press. First, all measuring heads simultaneously measure a color zone on a substrate, then the entire measuring bar is moved sideways so far so that each measuring head can now detect the measuring location of its neighbor. If the calibration has been carried out correctly, these measured values must not differ or only within very narrow tolerance limits. However, if the measured values show deviations, it is also possible thereby to conclude that the optics of the measuring heads are contaminated.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit in der Aufdeckung von Verschmutzungen am Messsystem ergibt sich dadurch, dass an wenigstens einer Farbzone eines Messkopfes Messungen an einer Hell/dunkel-Kante durchgeführt werden, wobei der Messkopf in gleichmäßigen Schritten von der einen Seite her jenseits der Hell/dunkel-Kante über die Hell/dunkel-Kante hinweg bis auf die Seite diesseits der Hell/dunkel-Kante bewegt wird und die dabei erfassten Intensitätsmesswerte mit der bekannten Struktur des Messkopfes verglichen werden. Eine solche Hell/dunkel-Kante stellt z. B. der Übergang von Papierweiß zum Farbbereich dar. Dieser Messbereich ist nun von einem Messkopf wie folgt zu durchlaufen. Zunächst misst der Messkopf auf der Seite der Hell/dunkel-Kante, welche das Papierweiß zeigt. Anschließend wird der Messbalken z. B. in 10 Schritten über die Breite des Messfeldes der Hell/dunkel-Kante hinweg bewegt, wobei 10 Messungen durchgeführt werden. Das heißt die letzte Messung erfolgt komplett im Farbbereich des Messfeldes. Bei der Auswertung dieser Messungen wird die jeweils gemessene Intensität über dem Ortsversatz aufgetragen, wobei der Abstand zwischen dem letzten gemessenen Weißwert und dem ersten gemessenen Farbwert bei exakter optischer Abbildung der bekannten Strukturbreite des Messbereichs des Spektrometers des Messkopfes entsprechen muss. Dieser Vergleich wird mittels der Messelektronik und der dort abgespeicherten Werte der Struktur des Messbereichs des Spektrometers vorgenommen. Falls es hier eine Abweichung gibt, ist dies ebenfalls ein Indiz für Verschmutzung.Another possibility in the detection of contamination on the measuring system results from the fact that measurements are made on a light / dark edge on at least one color zone of a measuring head, wherein the measuring head in uniform steps from one side beyond the light / dark edge is moved across the bright / dark edge to the side on this side of the bright / dark edge and the recorded intensity measured values are compared with the known structure of the measuring head. Such a bright / dark edge provides z. For example, the transition from paper white to color range. This measuring range is now to be traversed by a measuring head as follows. First, the measuring head measures on the side of the light / dark edge, which shows the paper white. Subsequently, the measuring bar z. B. moves in 10 steps across the width of the measurement field of the light / dark edge, taking 10 measurements. This means that the last measurement is done completely in the color area of the measuring field. In the evaluation of these measurements, the respectively measured intensity is plotted over the location offset, whereby the distance between the last measured white value and the first measured color value with exact optical imaging must correspond to the known structure width of the measuring range of the spectrometer of the measuring head. This comparison is made by means of the measuring electronics and the values of the structure of the measuring range of the spectrometer stored there. If there is a deviation, this is also an indication of pollution.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass eine Beleuchtungseinrichtung vorhanden ist, vor der eigentlichen Messung durch einen Messkopf eine Dunkelmessung vorgenommen wird und der dabei erfasste Messwert von der bei der mit eingeschalteter Beleuchtungseinrichtung erfolgenden Farbmessung subtrahiert wird. Um die Oberfläche des Bedruckstoffes abtasten zu können, muss diese mit einer Beleuchtungseinrichtung in der Nähe des Messkopfes ausgeleuchtet werden. Da zwischen dem Bedruckstoff und dem Messbalken jedoch ein Abstand von mehreren Zentimetern vorhanden ist, kann in den Bereich zwischen Bedruckstoff und Messkopf/Beleuchtungseinrichtung auch Fremdlicht fallen. Dies verfälscht die Messergebnisse und muss entsprechend kompensiert werden. Eine Möglichkeit besteht darin, eine Dunkelmessung vorzunehmen d. h. die Beleuchtungseinrichtung ist zunächst ausgeschaltet, und es erfolgt eine Messung mit ausgeschalteter Beleuchtungseinrichtung. Dann wird die Beleuchtung eingeschaltet und es wird mit eingeschalteter Beleuchtungseinrichtung gemessen. Die Reihenfolge spielt dabei keine Rolle, denn zur Korrektur muss lediglich der bei der Dunkelmessung erfasste Messwert von dem mit eingeschalteter Beleuchtung erfassten Messwert abgezogen werden. Streulicht oder Fremdlichtquellen sind z. B. Schlitze in der Maschine durch welche die Deckenbeleuchtung einer Druckerei oder das Tageslicht fallen kann, aber es gibt auch Lichtquellen in der Maschine selbst wie z. B. UV/IR-Trockner oder andere Sensoren welche mit Licht arbeiten und deren Licht den Messvorgang stören kann. Mittels einer kleinen Änderung lassen sich auch periodisch arbeitende Fremdlichtquellen kompensieren. So wird zunächst eine Dunkelmessung durchgeführt, wodurch zum ersten Mal der Fremdlichteinfluss erfasst wird. Dann wird eine Hellmessung durchgeführt und anschließend wiederum eine Dunkelmessung bei der wiederum nur der Fremdlichteinfluss erfast wird. Wenn sich die Fremdlichtquelle verändert unterscheiden sich die Messwerte der beiden Dunkelmessungen voneinander und der Rechner kann durch Vergleich der beiden Messwerte erkennen, ob das Fremdlicht während der Hellmessung zu- oder abgenommen hat, da er die Messwerte davor und danach vergleichen kann. Es lässt sich also der Gradient der Fremdlichtveränderung ermitteln, so dass der Fremdlichteinfluss aus der Hellmessung auch bei sich änderndem insbesondere periodischem Fremdlicht zuverlässig herausgerechnet werden kann.Furthermore, it is provided that a lighting device is present, before the actual measurement by a measuring head, a dark measurement is made and the measured value thereby detected by the case of the switched on lighting device Subsequent color measurement is subtracted. In order to be able to scan the surface of the printing substrate, it must be illuminated with a lighting device in the vicinity of the measuring head. However, since there is a distance of several centimeters between the printing substrate and the measuring beam, extraneous light may also fall into the area between the printing substrate and the measuring head / illumination device. This falsifies the measurement results and must be compensated accordingly. One possibility is to perform a dark measurement, ie the illumination device is initially switched off, and a measurement is carried out with the illumination device switched off. Then the lighting is switched on and it is measured with the lighting device switched on. The order does not matter, because only the measured value recorded during the dark measurement has to be subtracted from the measured value recorded with the lighting switched on to correct it. Stray light or extraneous light sources are z. B. slots in the machine through which the ceiling lighting of a printing or daylight can fall, but there are also light sources in the machine itself such. B. UV / IR dryers or other sensors which work with light and whose light can interfere with the measurement process. By means of a small change, periodically operating extraneous light sources can also be compensated. Thus, first a dark measurement is carried out, whereby for the first time the external light influence is detected. Then a bright measurement is performed and then again a dark measurement in which again only the extraneous light influence is erfast. If the external light source changes, the measured values of the two dark measurements differ from one another and the computer can determine whether the extraneous light has increased or decreased during the light measurement by comparing the two measured values, since it can compare the measured values before and after. Thus, it is possible to determine the gradient of the change in external light, so that the extraneous light influence from the light measurement can reliably be calculated out even with changing, in particular periodic extraneous light.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Korrektur bei einfallendem Fremdlicht besteht darin, dass gleichzeitig mit der Farbmessung eines ersten Messkopfes mittels eines zweiten Messkopfes ein Messwert auf weißem Untergrund eines Bedruckstoffes erfasst und der dadurch ermittelte Weißbezugswert zur Korrektur der mit dem ersten Messkopf ermittelten Farbmesswerte verwendet wird. Der zweite Messkopf muss dazu räumlich getrennt von dem ersten Messkopf untergebracht sein, der immer eine Messung auf Papierweiß tätigen muss. Dies kann z. B. der Randbereich des Bedruckstoffs sein. Der mit dem zweiten Messkopf ermittelte Weißbezugswert wird in die Berechnung der Farb- bzw. Dichtewerte mit eingerechnet und so der Einfluss des Fremdlichtes kompensiert.Another possibility for the correction of incident extraneous light is that simultaneously with the color measurement of a first measuring head by means of a second measuring head, a measured value is recorded on a white background of a printing material and the thereby determined white reference value is used to correct the color measurement values determined with the first measuring head. The second measuring head must be spatially separated from the first measuring head accommodated, which must always make a measurement on paper white. This can be z. B. be the edge region of the substrate. The white reference value determined with the second measuring head is included in the calculation of the color or density values and thus the influence of the extraneous light is compensated.
Es gibt noch eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Fremdlichtkompensation, nämlich dass während der Erfassung von Messwerten auf dem Bedruckstoff durch ein oder mehrere Messköpfe etwaige vorhandene Lichtquellen ausgeschaltet, ausgeblendet oder auf einen unkritischen Wert heruntergedimmt werden. In diesem Fall ist die Messelektronik der Messköpfe mit dem Rechner der Druckmaschine vernetzt, so dass während des Messvorgangs Lichtquellen in der Druckmaschine ausgeschaltet werden. So wird z. B. der Fremdlichteinfluss durch einen UV-Trockner während der Messung dadurch vermieden, dass der Trockner während der Messung kurz ausgeschaltet und danach wieder eingeschaltet wird. Eine andere Möglichkeit liegt darin, die Fremdlichtquelle auszublenden, in dem ein Verschluss (Shutter) vor der Fremdlichtquelle angebracht ist. Dieser Verschluss verdeckt dann die Fremdlichtquelle, so lange der Messvorgang durchgeführt wird. Es ist auch möglich Spektralwerte der Fremdlichtquelle, welche im Spektralbereich der Messeinrichtung liegen gezielt herauszufiltern, indem ein Filter angebracht ist, welches das Spektrum der Fremdlichtquelle herausfiltert. Einen ähnlichen Effekt erreicht man durch rechnerische Interpolation. Da das Spektrum der Fremdlichtquelle bekannt ist, werden dem Messspektrum entsprechenden Spektralwerte nicht verwendet und stattdessen mittels der Nachbarwerte die unbrauchbaren Werte über dem Spektrum der Fremdlichtquelle interpoliert. Somit können durch die Fremdlichtquelle verursachte Peaks im Messspektrum herausgerechnet werden.There is a further possibility for external light compensation, namely that during the acquisition of measured values on the printing substrate by any one or more measuring heads any existing light sources are switched off, hidden or dimmed down to an uncritical value. In this case, the measuring electronics of the measuring heads are networked with the computer of the printing press so that light sources in the printing machine are switched off during the measuring process. So z. B. the influence of extraneous light through a UV dryer during the measurement avoided by the fact that the dryer is turned off briefly during the measurement and then turned on again. Another possibility is to hide the extraneous light source, in which a shutter (shutter) is mounted in front of the extraneous light source. This shutter then covers the extraneous light source as long as the measuring process is carried out. It is also possible to selectively filter out spectral values of the extraneous light source, which lie in the spectral range of the measuring device, by providing a filter which filters out the spectrum of the extraneous light source. A similar effect can be achieved by computational interpolation. Since the spectrum of the extraneous light source is known, spectral values corresponding to the measurement spectrum are not used and instead the unusable values are interpolated over the spectrum of the extraneous light source by means of the neighboring values. Thus, peaks caused by the extraneous light source can be excluded in the measurement spectrum.
Zur Kompensation von Fremdlicht ist noch folgende Möglichkeit gegeben, nämlich dass die Erfassung von Messwerten durch Messköpfe mit etwaigen Schwankungen von Lichtquellen mittels wenigstens eines Sensors, welcher die Schwankungen erfasst, oder mittels eines Steuersignals der schwankenden Lichtquelle zeitlich koordiniert wird. Auch in diesem Fall müssen Informationen über das zeitliche Verhalten der Fremdlichtquelle vorliegen, d. h. diese Werte müssen entweder in einem Rechner abgespeichert sein oder die Fremdlichtquelle liefert über Sensoren die Informationen online an den Rechner. In diesem Fall werden die Messungen vom Rechner so koordiniert, dass immer dann gemessen wird, wenn die Fremdlichtquelle ausgeschaltet ist oder ein Minimum aufweist.To compensate for extraneous light, the following possibility is also given, namely that the acquisition of measured values by measuring heads with possible fluctuations of light sources by means of at least one sensor which detects the fluctuations, or by means of a control signal of the fluctuating light source is coordinated in time. Also In this case, information about the temporal behavior of the extraneous light source must be available, ie these values must either be stored in a computer or the extraneous light source supplies the information online via sensors to the computer. In this case, the measurements are coordinated by the computer so that it is measured whenever the external light source is switched off or has a minimum.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass mehrere Messköpfe in äquidistanten Abständen über die Breite eine Bedruckstoffs hinweg verteilt sind und gleichzeitig Farbzonen erfassen. Im Großformat (102 cm Bogenbreite) bei Bogenmaschinen erstrecken sich über die gesamte Bedruckstoffbreite 32 Farbzonen, somit ergeben sich bei 6 gedruckten Farben 192 Messfelder, welche von der Messelektronik und den Messköpfen zu erfassen sind. An einem einzigen Spektralmesskopf werden dabei Messzyklen über mindestens 192 Bogen erforderlich, was für eine gute Regelung nicht ausreicht. Aus diesem Grund werden mehrer Messköpfe benötigt, welche in der Lage sind parallel und gleichzeitig zu messen. Da nach jedem Messvorgang die Messköpfe um eine Farbzone zeitlich versetzt werden, eignen sich insbesondere 8, 16 oder 32 Messköpfe ideal zum parallelen Messen. Bei 32 Messköpfen und 32 Farbzonen sowie 6 gedruckten Farben müssen demnach 6 Messvorgänge an 6 gedruckten Bogen durchgeführt worden. Nach diesen 6 Messschritten kann nun gegebenenfalls die Verstellung der Einstellungen der Druckmaschine vorgenommen werden, indem korrigierte Werte mit neuer Farbzoneneinstellung an der Druckmaschine eingestellt werden. Neben der genannten Messstrategie können die Messköpfe auch der Art verfahren werden, dass zunächst über mehrere Bogen hinweg immer die gleiche Farbe erfasst wird, so dass diese gut ausgeregelt werden kann und erst dann die Messköpfe auf die nächste Farbe positioniert werden, welche dann ebenfalls ausgeregelt wird. Da unterschiedliche Messstrategien einsetzbar sind, muss die Messeinrichtung die Messwerte mit einem Zeitstempel und einer Ortsmarkierung in dem Rechner der Druckmaschine abspeichern, so dass die richtigen Bezüge jederzeit herzustellen sind, um die tatsächlich vergleichbaren Messwerte korrekt miteinander vergleichen zu können. Dann spielt die Messstrategie keine Rolle mehr und die Messwerte sind jederzeit richtig zuzuordnen.Furthermore, it is provided that a plurality of measuring heads are distributed over the width of a printing material at equidistant intervals and at the same time capture ink zones. In large format (102 cm sheet width) in sheetfed presses, 32 ink zones extend over the entire width of the substrate, resulting in 192 measuring fields for 6 printed colors, which are to be recorded by the measuring electronics and the measuring heads. Measuring cycles over at least 192 sheets are required on a single spectral measuring head, which is not sufficient for good control. For this reason, several measuring heads are required, which are able to measure in parallel and simultaneously. Since the measuring heads are offset in time by one color zone after each measuring process, in particular 8, 16 or 32 measuring heads are ideally suited for parallel measuring. Accordingly, with 32 measuring heads and 32 color zones as well as 6 printed colors, 6 measuring operations must have been carried out on 6 printed sheets. After these 6 measuring steps, it is now possible to adjust the settings of the printing machine, if necessary, by adjusting corrected values with a new color zone setting on the printing press. In addition to the measurement strategy mentioned above, the measuring heads can also be moved in such a way that the same color is always detected across several sheets so that they can be corrected well and then the measuring heads are positioned to the next color, which is then also corrected , Since different measuring strategies can be used, the measuring device must store the measured values with a time stamp and a placemark in the computer of the printing press so that the correct references can be produced at any time in order to be able to correctly compare the actually comparable measured values. In that case, the measurement strategy no longer plays a role and the measured values must always be correctly assigned.
In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist außerdem vorgesehen, dass während des Druckbetriebs nach der Andruckphase die Messköpfe so positioniert sind, dass sie mehrere Farben gleichzeitig erfassen. Da durch häufige Messung die Mechanik und der Antriebsmotor des Messbalkens mit den Messköpfen stark beansprucht werden, erhöht ein sogenannter Sparbetrieb die Lebensdauer. Da sich jedoch in der Andruckphase die Werte noch prozessbedingt stark ändern, müssen dort kontinuierlich häufige Messungen durchgeführt werden, während in der Fortdruckphase eine andere Vorgehensweise gewählt werden kann, denn während der Fortdruckphase bleiben die Farbwerte zeitlich gesehen fast konstant, so dass es möglich ist, die Messköpfe über Mischfeldern zu positionieren. Sobald eine zu große Toleranzabweichung erkannt wird, beginnt dann der Messbalken wieder mit seinen häufigen Messungen wie in der Andruckphase, welche alle Felder und alle Zonen erfassen. Dadurch kann der Grund für die Abweichung ausgemessen werden und die Regelung der Druckmaschine entsprechend aktiviert werden.In one embodiment of the invention it is also provided that during the printing operation after the Andruckphase the measuring heads are positioned so that they detect several colors simultaneously. Since frequently measuring the mechanics and the drive motor of the measuring beam are heavily loaded with the measuring heads, a so-called economy increases the life. Since, however, the values still change greatly in the press-on phase due to the process, frequent measurements must be carried out continuously there, while a different procedure can be selected in the print-out phase, because during the print-out phase the color values remain almost constant in time, so that it is possible to position the measuring heads over mixing fields. As soon as an excessive tolerance deviation is detected, the measuring bar then starts again with its frequent measurements as in the pressure phase, which record all fields and all zones. As a result, the reason for the deviation can be measured out and the regulation of the printing press can be activated accordingly.
Die Messeinrichtung kann ihre Messstrategie auch in Abhängigkeit der erfassten Messwerte verändern. So werden Farbfelder, welche ein geringes Rauschen zeigen nicht so oft vermessen, wie Farbfelder mit starkem Rauschen. D.h. jede Farbe wird mit einer unterschiedlichen Messstrategie erfasst, so dass stärker verrauschte Farben öfter vermessen werden. Wenn das Rauschen bei diesen Farben abklingt, wird auch die Messstrategie geändert, so dass die häufigen Messungen reduziert werden. Die Messstrategie kann auch in Abhängigkeit des Druckbildes und der Einstellungen der Druckmaschine selbst erfolgen. Da die Daten des Druckbildes aus der Druckvorstufe an den Rechner übermittelt werden können, kann sich das Messsystem eine entsprechende Messstrategie errechnen, da kritische Farbbereiche im Druckbild vorab mit ihrer Lage und dem Farbton bekannt sind.The measuring device can also change its measuring strategy as a function of the recorded measured values. Thus, color patches which show low noise are not measured as often as patches with high noise. That Each color is captured with a different measurement strategy so that more noisy colors are measured more often. When the noise of these colors fades, the measurement strategy is also changed to reduce the frequent measurements. The measuring strategy can also be carried out depending on the printed image and the settings of the printing press itself. Since the data of the print image can be transmitted from the prepress to the computer, the measuring system can calculate a corresponding measurement strategy, since critical color areas in the print image are known in advance with their position and hue.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Rechner die Lagekoordinaten von auf einem Bedruckstoff aufgebrachten Druckkontrollstreifen abspeichert. Die Messungen an den Farbzonen finden bei Druckmaschinen üblicherweise im Bereich des Druckkontrollstreifens statt. Damit diese Messungen zuverlässig erfolgen können, muss dem Messbalken des Inline-Messsystems die Lage des Druckkontrollstreifens auf dem Bedruckstoff bekannt sein. Eine Möglichkeit besteht darin, dass der Drucker manuell die Lage des Druckkontrollstreifens auf den Druckplatten ausmisst und die Lagekoordinaten des Druckkontrollstreifens in den Rechner der Maschinensteuerung eingibt. Weiterhin können die Lagekoordinaten auch aus der Druckvorstufe in einem vernetzten Workflow-System an den Rechner der Druckmaschine übertragen und dort verwendet werden. Bei beiden Möglichkeiten besteht allerdings die Gefahr, dass beim Einspannen der Druckplatten in der Druckmaschine oder durch eine Registerverstellung die Lage des Druckkontrollstreifens auf dem Druckbogen relativ zu den Messköpfen verändert wird. Allerdings kann mit der vorgegebenen Grobposition der Suchbereich für eine exakte Lagebestimmung eingeschränkt werden, womit dem automatischen Lageerkennungssystem die Arbeit erleichtert wird.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the computer stores the position coordinates of print control strips applied to a printing substrate. The measurements on the ink zones usually take place in printing presses in the area of the print control strip. In order for these measurements to be reliable, the position of the print control strip on the substrate must be known to the measuring bar of the inline measuring system. One possibility is that the printer manually measures the position of the print control strip on the printing plates and inputs the position coordinates of the print control strip into the computer of the machine control. Furthermore, the position coordinates can also be transferred from the pre-press in a networked workflow system to the computer of the printing press and used there. In both cases, however, there is a risk that when clamping the printing plates in the printing press or by register adjustment, the position of the print control strip on the printing sheet is changed relative to the measuring heads. However, with the predetermined coarse position, the search range for an exact position determination can be restricted, thus simplifying the work for the automatic position recognition system.
Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass ein Sensor zur Ermittlung der Lage des Druckkontrollstreifens auf dem Bedruckstoff vorgesehen ist. Mittels eines zweidimensionalen Sensors z. B, eines CCD-Bildwandlers kann die Lage des Druckkontrollstreifens ermittelt werden. Ein Muster des Druckkontrollstreifens ist in der Maschinensteuerung hinterlegt, welches mit dem Bild der durch die CCD-Kamera erfassten Bilder verglichen wird. Sobald die Kamera Gleichheit feststellt, kann der Rechner die Lage des Druckkontrollstreifens relativ zum Messbalken berechnen und an diesen ein entsprechendes Startsignal aussenden, damit die Messung genau dann startet, wenn der Druckkontrollstreifen unterhalb der Messköpfe zu liegen kommt. Auch der Einsatz eines eindimensionalen Sensors eignet sich zur Lageerkennung des Druckkontrollstreifens, wenn dem Druckkontrollstreifen ein Erkennungssegments z. B. ein Strichcode vorangeht. Sobald dieser Strichcode von einem Barcodeleser erkannt wird, ist dem System bekannt, dass nun in einem bestimmten zeitlichen Abstand der Druckkontrollstreifen folgt. Damit kann der Messvorgang rechtzeitig ausgelöst werden. Die Lageerkennung ist nur am Anfang des Druckvorgangs erforderlich, da hier noch größere örtliche Abweichungen zu erwarten sind. In der Fortdruckphase ist die Ortslage der Markierungen stabil, so dass hier die Erkennungssegmente nur in großen zeitlichen Abständen zur Kontrolle abgetastet werden müssen.It is further provided that a sensor for determining the position of the print control strip is provided on the substrate. By means of a two-dimensional sensor z. B, a CCD imager, the position of the print control strip can be determined. A pattern of the print control strip is stored in the machine control, which is compared with the image of the images captured by the CCD camera. As soon as the camera detects equality, the computer can calculate the position of the print control strip relative to the measurement bar and send out a corresponding start signal to it, so that the measurement starts exactly when the print control strip comes to lie below the measuring heads. The use of a one-dimensional sensor is suitable for detecting the position of the print control strip when the print control strip a detection segment z. B. is preceded by a bar code. As soon as this bar code is recognized by a bar code reader, it is known to the system that the print control strip now follows at a certain time interval. Thus, the measurement process can be triggered in time. The position detection is required only at the beginning of the printing process, since even greater local deviations are to be expected here. In the production printing phase, the location of the markings is stable, so that here the recognition segments must be scanned only at large time intervals for inspection.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die durch die Messköpfe ermittelten Messwerte nach jeder Messung einem Plausibilitätstest unterzogen werden. Bei einer Inline-Messung mit geschlossenem Regelkreis ist es besonders wichtig, fehlerhafte Messmesswerte automatisch zu erkennen und auszusondern, da ansonsten die Farbzonensteuerung die falschen Farbwerte einstellt und unnötig Makulatur erzeugt wird, ohne dass das Bedienpersonal darüber informiert wird. Aus diesem Grund sollte ein Inline-Messsystem mit geschlossenem Regelkreis die Messwerte einem Plausibilitätstest unterziehen, um unplausible Messwerte aussondern zu können. Eine solche Überprüfung erfolgt z.B. durch die Korrelation zwischen der gespeicherten Vorlage des Druckkontrollstreifens und den bei jedem Messvorgang erfassten Werten des Messbalkens. Dadurch wird auch gewährleistet, dass der Messbalken immer die richtigen Messfelder anfährt. Die Wahl des richtigen Druckkontrollstreifentyps lässt sich durch einen weiteren Algorithmus überprüfen, in dem ein Sensor ein Codierungsfeld innerhalb des Druckkontrollstreifens erfasst und die hierin codierten Daten überprüft. Des weiteren wird bei jedem Messvorgang eine Plausibilitätsüberprüfung der Messwerte sowohl im Ortsbereich als auch im Zeitbereich durchgeführt. Dazu werden Grenzwerte für Abweichung z. B. im Dichtebereich festgelegt, welche zwei aufeinanderfolgende oder örtlich benachbarte, zusammenliegende Werte nicht überschreiten dürfen.. Der Plausibilitätstest beruht hier darauf, dass im Offsetverfahren die Druckwerke im normalen Betrieb nur stetige Änderungen der Farbwerte zulassen, so dass Sprünge der Farbdichte, welche eine bestimmte Größenordnung überschreiten, sofort auf Fehler im Messsystem zurückzuführen sind. Außerdem kann eine Anzeige vorgesehen sein, welche über den Zustand des Druckprozesses informiert. Wenn das Messsystem keine oder nur geringe tolerable Abweichungen erfasst und mittels der Maschinensteuerung ausregelt, so wird dem Druckpersonal auf einem Display der OK-Zustand angezeigt. Falls die Maschine sich nicht in diesem stabilen Zustand befindet, so ist dies auf dem Display zu erkennen und das Druckpersonal weiß, dass Makulatur produziert wird.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the measured values determined by the measuring heads are subjected to a plausibility test after each measurement. In closed-loop inline measurement, it is particularly important to automatically detect and discard erroneous measurement readings, otherwise the color zone control will set the wrong color values and waste will be unnecessarily generated without informing the operator. For this reason, a closed-loop inline measuring system should subject the measured values to a plausibility test in order to be able to separate implausible measured values. Such a check is made e.g. by the correlation between the stored template of the print control strip and the values of the measurement bar acquired during each measurement process. This also ensures that the measuring bar always moves to the correct measuring fields. The choice of the correct print control strip type can be checked by another algorithm in which a sensor detects a coding field within the print control strip and verifies the data encoded therein. Furthermore, a plausibility check of the measured values both in the local area and in the time domain is carried out during each measurement process. For this purpose, limit values for deviation z. The plausibility test is based here on the fact that in offset mode, the printing units in normal operation allow only continuous changes in the color values, so that jumps in color density, which a certain Magnitude exceed immediately attributable to errors in the measuring system. In addition, a display can be provided which informs about the state of the printing process. If the measuring system detects no or only slight tolerable deviations and corrects them by means of the machine control system, the printing staff will see the OK status on a display. If the machine is not in this stable state, this can be seen on the display and the printing staff knows that waste is being produced.
Das Messverfahren lässt sich auch zur indirekten Feuchtemessung des Bogens verwenden. Um die Feuchte zu messen, wird üblicher Weise das Feuchtmittel so lange reduziert, bis im Rasterdruck auf dem Bogen sogenanntes "Tonen" auftritt. Dieses Tonen zeigt sich erfahrungsgemäß zuerst am Bogenanfang, am seitlichen Bogenrand und in den Rasterfeldern mit 70% - 90 % Flächendeckung. Dann wird der Feuchtewert wieder um einen bestimmten festen Prozentwert erhöht. Für die Inline-Messung wird auf dem Bogen in dem Druckkontrollstreifen oder auf speziell auf dem Bogen angeordneten Positionen für jede Farbe am Bogenrand ein 70% - 90% Rasterfeld eingeführt. Aus der Kenntnis der Flächendeckung dieses Feldes und der gedruckten Farbdichte kann somit leichtes Tonen zuverlässig mit den Messköpfen erfasst werden. Damit kann die Farb-Wasserbalance eingestellt und überwacht werden.The measuring method can also be used for indirect moisture measurement of the sheet. To measure the moisture, the dampening solution is usually reduced until so-called "toning" occurs in the screen printing on the sheet. This toning shows up According to experience, first at the beginning of the sheet, at the lateral margin of the sheet and in the grids with 70% - 90% area coverage. Then the humidity value is again increased by a certain fixed percentage. For in-line measurement, a 70% -90% grid is introduced on the sheet in the print control bar or on positions specially arranged on the sheet for each color on the sheet edge. From the knowledge of the area coverage of this field and the printed color density, therefore, easy toning can be detected reliably with the measuring heads. This allows the color-water balance to be set and monitored.
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand mehrerer Figuren näher beschrieben und erläutert. Es zeigen:
-
Fig. 1 : den Messbalken im Druckwerk einer Bogendruckmaschine, -
Fig. 2 : eine Bogendruckmaschine für Schön- und Widerdruck, -
Fig. 3 : eine Innenansicht des Messbalkens, -
Fig. 4 : einen Querschnitt durch den Messbalken inFig. 3 , -
Fig. 5 : den Messbalken ausFig. 3 in der Ansicht von unten, -
Fig. 6 : eine Lichtleiteranordnung im Messbalken, -
Fig. 7a : eine Lichtleiteranordnung im Messbalken mit optischen Zwischenraum, -
Fig. 7b : die Lichtleiteranordnung ausFig. 7a mit reduziertem optischen Zwischenraum, -
Fig. 8a : eine Überkreuzanordnung von Messköpfen und Beleuchtungseinrichtungen, -
Fig. 8b : eine konventionelle Anordnung von Messköpfen und Beleuchtungseinrichtungen im Messbalken, -
Fig. 9 : einen Druckkontrollstreifen auf einem Bedruckstoff, -
Fig. 10 : einen Messbalken mit gläsernem Unterboden sowie einer als geschlitzte Bogenführung ausgebildeten Abdeckung, -
Fig. 11 : einen offenen Messbalken mit einem abgeschlossenen Messwagen, -
Fig. 12a : Bogen während des Messvorgangs gehalten durch Greifer und Druckspalt, -
Fig. 12b : Bogen während des Messvorgangs gehalten durch zwei Greifer, -
Fig. 12c : Bogen während des Messvorgangs gehalten durch Greifer und eine Blaseinrichtung, -
Fig. 12d : Bogen während des Messvorgangs gehalten durch Unterdruck und -
Fig. 13 : Befestigung des Messbalkens im Druckwerk einer Druckmaschine.
-
Fig. 1 : the measuring beam in the printing unit of a sheet-fed printing machine, -
Fig. 2 : a perfecting press for perfecting, -
Fig. 3 : an inside view of the measuring beam, -
Fig. 4 : a cross section through the measuring bar inFig. 3 . -
Fig. 5 : the measuring bar offFig. 3 in the bottom view, -
Fig. 6 a light guide arrangement in the measuring beam, -
Fig. 7a : a light guide arrangement in the measuring beam with optical gap, -
Fig. 7b : the light guide assembly offFig. 7a with reduced optical space, -
Fig. 8a a cross arrangement of measuring heads and illumination devices, -
Fig. 8b : a conventional arrangement of measuring heads and lighting devices in the measuring beam, -
Fig. 9 : a print control strip on a substrate, -
Fig. 10 a measuring beam with a glass subfloor and a cover designed as a slotted sheet guide, -
Fig. 11 : an open measuring beam with a closed measuring carriage, -
Fig. 12a : Sheet held during measurement by gripper and press nip, -
Fig. 12b : Bow held during the measuring process by two grippers, -
Fig. 12c : Sheet held during the measuring process by gripper and a blowing device, -
Fig. 12d : Arc held during vacuuming by vacuum and -
Fig. 13 : Attachment of the measuring beam in the printing unit of a printing machine.
Der Druckspalt 100 zwischen den Druckzylindern 7, 8 ist in der Vergrößerung in
Das Innere des Messbalkens 6 ist in
Der Messbalken 6 besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem U-förmigen Profil, welches auf der dem Druckbogen zugewandten Seite offen ist. Um ein Eindringen von Schmutz und insbesondere Druckfarbe zu verhindern, ist die offene Seite des U-Profils mit einem abnehmbaren Boden 615 verschlossen, welcher zusätzlich durchsichtige Teile 616 aus Glas aufweist, so dass die Messmodule 603 auf dem Messwagen 605 durch den Boden 616 des Messwagens 615 hindurch den darunter liegenden Bedruckstoff abtasten können. Neben den Messmodulen 603 samt ihrer Elektronik befinden sich auf dem Messwagen 605 weitere Einrichtungen. Da die Messmodule 603 neben den spektralen Messköpfen 622 noch Beleuchtungsmodule 623 aufweisen, muss der Messwagen 605 mit einer Beleuchtungsquelle 610 versehen sein. Die Beleuchtungsquelle stellt eine Blitzlampe 610 dar, welche von einem auf dem Messwagen befindlichen Netzgerät 612 mit elektrischer Energie versorgt wird. Das Netzgerät 612 wiederum und die Elektronik der Messmodule 603 ist über flexible elektrische Kabel 618 mit dem Gehäuse des Messbalken 6 verbunden. Das am Gehäuse des Messbalkens 6 befestigte Ende der flexiblen Elektrokabel 618 endet in einer elektrischen Steckerverbindung 619, mittels deren der Messbalken 6 mit der elektrischen Spannungsversorgung der Druckmaschine 1 und der Messelektronik 201 verbunden wird. Der Anschluss von elektrischer Energie und Signalübertragung kann dabei mittels eines steckbaren oder drehbaren Kombisteckers erfolgen. Alle elektrischen Bauteile einschließlich der Messmodule 603 sind auf einer oder weniger Platinen 631 angebracht, um kurze Strom- und Signalpfade auf engem Raum zu gewährleisten.The
Da sich auf dem Messwagen 605 nur eine Blitzlampe 610 befindet, muss ihr Blitzlicht mittels einer Einkopplungsoptik 611 und sich daran anschließenden Lichtleitern 614 zu den einzelnen Beleuchtungsmodulen 623 transportiert werden. Neben dem Netzgerät 612 der Blitzlampe 610 befinden sich zur Bereitstellung der nötigen Energie und noch Blitzkondensatoren 607 auf dem Messwagen 605. Außerdem beinhaltet der Messwagen605 eine Verteilereinrichtung 620 zur Verteilung elektrischer Energie an die einzelnen elektrischen Verbraucher und zur Verteilung der elektrischen Signale der miteinander vernetzten Komponenten im Messwagen 605. Die Abtasteinrichtung 6 ist jedoch nicht nur in der Lage die Oberfläche eines Druckbogens spektral zu vermessen, sondern sie dient auch zur Erfassung von Registermarken und zur Auswertung derselben. Dazu weist der Messwagen 605 einen rechten Registersensor 608 und einen linken Registersensor 613 auf. Damit ist es möglich, die Registermarken in den Randbereichen eines Druckbogens zu erfassen. Es können auch noch weitere Registersensoren vorhanden sein, so kann jedes Messmodul 603 einen Registersensor beinhalten, damit parallel mehrere Registermarken über die gesamte Breite des Bedruckstoffs 705 hinweg vermessen werden können.Since only one
Da die gesamte Elektronik im Messwagen 605 auf sehr geringem Bauraum untergebracht ist, so sind beispielsweise 70 Prozent des Volumens des Messwagens 605 mit Bauteilen gefüllt, entsteht auf relativ geringem Raum viel Abwärme. Um die Abwärme abführen zu können und um insbesondere Schädigungen und Beeinflussung der Messmodule 603 zu verhindern, wird das Innere des Messbalkens 6 flüssigkeitsgekühlt. Durch mehrere Kanäle 621 im Inneren des Messbalkens 6 und den Seitenwänden 601 wird ein geschlossener Kühlkreislauf hergestellt, wobei dieser Kühlkreislauf über Kühlmittelkanäle 617 in den Seitenwänden 601 geschlossen wird. Die Kühlmittelkanäle 621, 617 werden über einen Kühlmittelanschluss 602 an der Außenseite des Messbalkens 6 mit Kühlmittel versorgt. Eine Pumpe zum Umwälzen des Kühlmittels muss daher nicht im Inneren des Messbalkens 6 selbst angebracht sein, sondern kann außen angeschlossen werden.Since the entire electronics in the 605 measuring trolley are accommodated in a very small space, for example, 70 percent of the volume of the 605 trolley is filled with components, producing a lot of waste heat in a relatively small space. In order to dissipate the waste heat and in particular to prevent damage and interference of the measuring
Die in
An einer Stirnseite 601 oder auch an beiden ist in
Auch in
Neben der in
Alternativ zu flexiblen Lichtleitern 614 in
In
Eine alternative Ausführungsform zu
Die
Wie die Montage des Messbalkens 6 in einem Druckwerk einer Druckmaschine 1 vorgenommen wird, erläutert
- 11
- Druckmaschinepress
- 22
- Anlegerinvestor
- 33
- Auslegerboom
- 44
- Druckwerkprinting unit
- 55
- Druckwerk mit MessbalkenPrinting unit with measuring bar
- 66
- Messbalkenmeasuring beam
- 77
- GegendruckzylinderImpression cylinder
- 88th
- GummituchzylinderBlanket cylinder
- 99
- Transportzylindertransport cylinder
- 1010
- BogenwendeeinrichtungPerfecting capability
- 1111
- Druckvorstufeprepress
- 1212
- VernetzungNetworking
- 1313
- Farbwerkinking
- 1414
- SeitenwandSide wall
- 1515
- Sensorsensor
- 1616
- Blaseinrichtungblower
- 1717
- UnterdruckkammerVacuum chamber
- 1818
- Luftöffnungenair openings
- 1919
- BogentransportrichtungSheet transport direction
- 2020
- Montageplattenmounting plates
- 2121
- MontageschraubenMounting screws
- 2222
- Abdeckung des MessbalkensCover of the measuring beam
- 2323
- Lager des MessbalkensBearing of the measuring beam
- 100100
- Druckspaltnip
- 101101
- BogentransportgreiferSheet transport gripper
- 200200
- Steuerpult/RechnerController / computer
- 201201
- Messelektronikmeasuring electronics
- 202202
- Handmessgeräthandheld instrument
- 601601
- Seitenwand des MessbalkensSide wall of the measuring beam
- 602602
- KühlmittelanschlussCoolant connection
- 603603
- Messmodulmeasurement module
- 604604
- Linearmotorlinear motor
- 605605
- Messwagenmeasuring carriage
- 606606
- Führungsschiene für MesswagenGuide rail for measuring carriage
- 607607
- Kondensatoren für BlitzlampeCapacitors for flashlamp
- 608608
- Registersensor rechtsRegister sensor right
- 609609
- ReferenzmesskopfReference probe
- 610610
- Blitzlampeflash lamp
- 611611
- LichtleitereinkopplungsoptikLight guide coupling optics
- 612612
- Netzgerät für BlitzlampePower supply unit for flash lamp
- 613613
- Registersensor linksRegister sensor on the left
- 614614
- Lichtleiteroptical fiber
- 615615
- Abdeckung des MessbalkensCover of the measuring beam
- 616616
- Verglaster Bereich in der AbdeckungGlazed area in the cover
- 617617
- Kühlmittelführung in der SeitenwandCoolant guide in the side wall
- 618618
- Flexibler elektrischer AnschlussFlexible electrical connection
- 619619
- Anschluss für MesselektronikConnection for measuring electronics
- 620620
- Elektrische VerteilereinrichtungElectrical distribution device
- 621621
- Kühlkanal im MessbalkenCooling channel in the measuring beam
- 622622
- Messkopfprobe
- 623623
- Beleuchtungsmodullighting module
- 624624
- Optischer ZwischenrauOptical intermediate gray
- 625625
- Stirnfläche zweites LichtleiterbündelEnd face second optical fiber bundle
- 626626
- Stirnfläche erstes LichtleiterbündelEnd face first fiber optic bundle
- 627627
- beweglicher Verschlussmovable lock
- 628628
- schmutzabweisende Oberflächedirt-repellent surface
- 629629
- Stegweb
- 630630
- zweiter Messkopfsecond measuring head
- 631631
- Platinecircuit board
- 632632
- LichtreferenzmesskopfLight reference probe
- 633633
- Bogenführungbowing
- 634634
- durchgehende Glasabdeckungcontinuous glass cover
- 635635
- Boden des MesswagensBottom of the measuring car
- 636636
- verglaste Durchsichtöffnungenglazed inspection openings
- 637637
- Blasluftkanäleblown air
- 638638
- Blasluftquelleblowing air source
- 700700
- DruckkontrollstreifenPrint control strip
- 701701
- Farbzonecolor zone
- 702702
- FarbmessfeldColor measurement field
- 703703
- weitere Farbzoneadditional color zone
- 704704
- weiteres Messfeldanother measuring field
- 705705
- Bedruckstoffsubstrate
- 800800
- FremdlichtquelleExternal light source
- 801801
- Kalibrierungsflächecalibration area
- 802802
- Abdeckung KalibrierungsflächeCover calibration area
Claims (28)
- Method of obtaining spectral, densitometric, or colorimetric measured values on sheet-shaped printing material (705) during the printing process in a sheet-fed printing press (1) wherein the measured values are obtained on sheets (705) that move through the printing press (1) and are used by a computer (200) as control parameters for controlling the printing process of the sheet-fed printing press (1), characterized by
the fact that the measured values are used by the computer (200) to create an ink profile for the control of inking units (13) of the printing press (1). - Method according to Claim 1,
characterized by
the fact that the measured values are used by the computer (200) as control parameters for the production of print formes in the prepress stage (11). - Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 2,
characterized by
the fact that the measured values are used by the computer (200) to adjust the printing press (1) during the set-up phase. - Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 3,
characterized by
the fact that the measured values are used by the computer (200) to adjust the printing press (1) in the production mode. - Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 4,
characterized by
the fact that sensors (622) for obtaining the measured values are calibrated by a calibrating device at specific intervals for the purpose of colour calibration. - Method according to Claim 5,
characterized by
the fact that one or more calibration areas (801) with associated measured values that are stored in the computer (200) are available as a reference value for the calibrating device. - Method according to Claim 6,
characterized by
the fact that at least one white tile (801) is available as a reference value for the calibrating device. - Method according to any one of Claims 6 to 7,
characterized by
the fact that one or more calibration areas (801) are arranged in the gap of a printing cylinder (7, 8) as a prolongation of the printing cylinder surface. - Method according to any one of Claims 6 to 8,
characterized by
the fact that the at least one calibration tile (801) is located laterally outside the printing cylinder surface between the side wall (14) and the printing cylinder (7, 8). - Method according to any one of Claims 6 to 9,
characterized by
the fact that a sheet-shaped printing material (705) with known spectral measured values is transported through the printing press (1) and measured by the measuring sensors before the printing start phase as a spectral reference for calibration purposes. - Method according to any one of Claims 6 to 10,
characterized by
the fact that the sensors are measuring heads (622) and by
the fact that the calibration values obtained by calibrating one measuring head (622) are converted by the computer (200, 201) into calibration values for further measuring heads (630, 622). - Method according to Claim 11,
characterized by
the fact that a transfer calibration is carried out in such a way that a measuring field (701) that a further, non-calibrated measuring head (630) has already scanned, is also scanned by a calibrated measuring head (622). - Method according to any one of Claims 6 to 12,
characterized by
the fact that at least one calibration tile (801) is capable of being closed by at least one cover (802). - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
the fact that a calibration is carried out with the aid of an external measuring device (202). - Method according to any one of Claims 11 to 14,
characterized by
the fact that for each measuring head (622) certain colour values and the ratios between these colour values relative to each other are stored in a computer (200, 201) and a signal is emitted when the stored ratios between measured values change. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
the fact that a first measuring head (622) measures its own ink zone (701) and the ink zone (703) of an adjacent second measuring head (630), and the second measuring head (630) likewise measures its own zone (703) and the zone (701) of the first measuring head (622), and the measured values are compared to each other. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
the fact that in at least one ink zone (701) a measuring head (622) takes measurements at a light/dark edge, the measuring head (622) being moved in uniform steps from one side of the light/dark edge over the light/dark edge to the other side of the light/dark edge and the measured intensity values being compared to the known structure of the measuring head (622). - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
the fact that an illumination device (800) is provided, a measurement head (622) carries out a dark measurement, and the measured value is subtracted from the colour measurement taken with the illumination device (800) switched on. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
the fact that simultaneously with a colour measurement of a first measuring head (622), a measured value on a white background (704) of a printing material (705) is registered by a second measuring head (630) and the white reference value determined in this way is used to correct the measured colour values determined with the first measuring head (622). - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
the fact that during the acquisition of measured values on the printing material (705) by one or more measuring heads (622, 630), any light sources (802) that are potentially present are switched off, masked, or dimmed to a non-critical level. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
the fact that during the acquisition of measured values on the printing material (705), the measuring period and the measuring process of the measuring heads (622, 630) are adapted to the light sources (802) that are present. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
the fact that the acquisition of measured values by measuring heads (622, 630) is coordinated in terms of time with potential fluctuations of light sources (802) by way of at least one sensor (15) that detects the fluctuations or by way of a control signal of the fluctuating light source (802). - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
the fact that several measuring heads (622, 630) are distributed at equal distances across the width of the printing material (705) and register ink zones (701, 703) simultaneously. - Method according to Claim 23,
characterized by
the fact that the measuring heads (622, 630) are moved by one ink zone (701, 703) after each measurement. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
the fact that during the printing operation following the printing start phase, the measuring heads (622, 630) are positioned in a way to register several colours (702) simultaneously. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
the fact that the computer (200, 201) stores the position coordinates of print control strips (700) applied to a printing material (705). - Method according to Claim 26,
characterized by
the fact that a sensor (15) for determining the position of a print control strip (700) on the printing material (705) is provided. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterized by
the fact that the measured values acquired by the measuring heads (622, 630) are subjected to a plausibility test after each measurement.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004021601.0A DE102004021601B4 (en) | 2004-05-03 | 2004-05-03 | Inline measurement and control for printing machines |
PCT/EP2005/004609 WO2005108084A1 (en) | 2004-05-03 | 2005-04-29 | Inline measurement and regulation in printing machines |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1744885A1 EP1744885A1 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
EP1744885B1 true EP1744885B1 (en) | 2008-08-13 |
Family
ID=34967938
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP05744028A Active EP1744885B1 (en) | 2004-05-03 | 2005-04-29 | Inline measurement and regulation in printing machines |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7398733B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1744885B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5264166B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100540305C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE404369T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102004021601B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005108084A1 (en) |
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- 2004-05-03 DE DE102004021601.0A patent/DE102004021601B4/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2005
- 2005-04-29 DE DE502005005039T patent/DE502005005039D1/en active Active
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- 2005-04-29 CN CNB2005800143165A patent/CN100540305C/en active Active
- 2005-04-29 EP EP05744028A patent/EP1744885B1/en active Active
- 2005-04-29 JP JP2007511974A patent/JP5264166B2/en active Active
- 2005-04-29 WO PCT/EP2005/004609 patent/WO2005108084A1/en active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
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DE102004021601B4 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
CN100540305C (en) | 2009-09-16 |
DE102004021601A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
JP5264166B2 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
ATE404369T1 (en) | 2008-08-15 |
EP1744885A1 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
JP2007536128A (en) | 2007-12-13 |
DE502005005039D1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
CN1950210A (en) | 2007-04-18 |
WO2005108084A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
US20070079717A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
US7398733B2 (en) | 2008-07-15 |
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