EP1714236A1 - Steuerungseinrichtung und verfahren zum steuern eines elektrofotografischen druckers oder kopierers - Google Patents
Steuerungseinrichtung und verfahren zum steuern eines elektrofotografischen druckers oder kopierersInfo
- Publication number
- EP1714236A1 EP1714236A1 EP05707218A EP05707218A EP1714236A1 EP 1714236 A1 EP1714236 A1 EP 1714236A1 EP 05707218 A EP05707218 A EP 05707218A EP 05707218 A EP05707218 A EP 05707218A EP 1714236 A1 EP1714236 A1 EP 1714236A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- developer
- station
- developer station
- regeneration
- toner
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
- G03G15/0822—Arrangements for preparing, mixing, supplying or dispensing developer
- G03G15/0848—Arrangements for testing or measuring developer properties or quality, e.g. charge, size, flowability
- G03G15/0849—Detection or control means for the developer concentration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/08—Details of powder developing device not concerning the development directly
- G03G2215/0888—Arrangements for detecting toner level or concentration in the developing device
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for controlling an electrophotographic printer or copier which has at least one developer station for developing a latent charge image on a photoconductor with toner. It also relates to a control device for such a printer or copier.
- Known methods of the type mentioned initially provide different operating states or operating modes that the printer or copier can assume during operation.
- Examples of such operating states are a standby mode, in which the functional voltages and currents of the developer stations, which are required for developing a charge pattern, are typically switched off and the mechanical drives of the developer station are stopped.
- Such a standby mode is typically assumed when the printer or copier is switched on but no print data is yet available.
- print operating mode In which typically all functional voltages and currents of the developer stations are switched to nominal parameters and all drives run with nominal parameters. Such a print operating mode is usually started as soon as print data is available and is maintained as long as the print data is available. As mentioned, during this printing operation the drives of all developer stations run in normal operation, i.e. all mixing devices such as paddle wheels, paddle wheels,
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and a control device of the type mentioned that reduces the wear of the developer and / or the device.
- the toner output of each of these developer stations is preferably recorded and in the event that the developer regeneration process is started for a developer station, it is checked whether the recorded toner discharge of the other developer stations fulfills a second regeneration criterion, and a developer regeneration process also started for developer stations where the second regeneration criterion is met.
- the second regeneration criterion indicates that a developer regeneration process is not yet required, but could be necessary in the foreseeable future. Since the printing operation has to be interrupted for each regeneration process, it is advantageous in this way to carry out several regeneration processes immediately one after the other. H. to concentrate in time.
- the second regeneration criterion can be a weakened or less restrictive version of the first regeneration criterion.
- the second regeneration criterion can require that the average toner discharge for a predetermined number of successive time intervals that is less than the number of time intervals for the first regeneration criterion was below a predetermined threshold.
- Developer station is not needed for longer than a predetermined period of time.
- the developer station In the ready state, the developer station is preferably switched so that no toner transfer can take place between the developer station and the photoconductor, for example by suitable selection of the functional ones Voltages and currents. In an advantageous development, the developer station is swung away from the photoconductor in the ready state.
- the ready state is preferably ended when it is determined on the basis of the print data that the developer station is required for printing the data.
- the print data are preferably analyzed so far ahead that the time interval between the analysis of the print data and the point in time at which the image corresponding to this data is to be developed by the associated developer station is sufficient to switch this developer station from the ready state to the print operating state ,
- the number of times the developer was activated during a standby state is counted, and if the number or total duration of the activations exceeds a predetermined threshold value, no further activations are carried out for the duration of the standby state. Then the developer always remains ready for use in the case of standby states of shorter duration, while in the case of standby states Activations are not used in order to protect the developer.
- the two aspects of the invention are closely related and, like the advantageous developments described, can be combined with one another in an advantageous manner.
- the developer is activated at predetermined intervals until the first regeneration criterion is met, after which there are no further ones in the developer station for the remaining duration of the standby state Developer activations are carried out and the developer regeneration process is waited until the developer station is required for development or until another developer station of the printer or copier starts a developer regeneration process.
- the developer is spared during a longer standby state
- the printing operation is not interrupted for a developer regeneration process as long as the developer station is in the standby state, i.e. as long as it is not needed for development.
- the regeneration processes can be better concentrated in time and the number of interruptions in the printing operation can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the components of a method according to a further development of the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a flowchart which shows a method for evaluating the toner discharge
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a method for managing states of a developer station.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a method for standby management.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart which shows the time synchronization of developer regeneration processes in the case of several developer stations of a printer
- FIG. 6 shows a flowchart which shows the integration of a method according to a development of the invention into a conventional method for controlling a printer
- the charge generator 18 To generate a color component of a print image, the charge generator 18 generates a charge image on the photoconductor 16 which corresponds to the color component, and this charge image is developed by the associated developer station with color toner.
- the toner image of the color component thus obtained is printed at a first transfer printing location 29 onto an intermediate carrier, here in the form of a transfer belt 30.
- an intermediate carrier drum can also be used as the intermediate carrier.
- the residual toner remaining on the photoconductor 16 during transfer printing is removed from the photoconductor belt 16 by a cleaning device 32.
- the developer stations 20, 22, 24, 26 and 28 are mechanically pivoted into an operating position on the photoconductor. All mechanical drives of the developer stations run with nominal parameters.
- the mechanical drives include drives for mixing devices such as paddle wheels, mixing excavators and / or augers as well as drives for magnetic rollers and other functional rollers for developing the charge pattern. Only the functional voltages, ie the voltages that are required for the toner transfer between the developer station 20, 22, 24, 26 or 28 and the photoconductor belt 16, are still switched so that no toner transfer can take place. From this ready-for-ink state, the developer station can be brought into development operation in the shortest possible time, typically less than 0.2 seconds.
- the exemplary embodiment described below shows a method for controlling the printer 10, which leads to reduced wear on the developer and the developer stations 20, 22, 24, 26 and 28. This method is carried out with the aid of an electronic control device, which is not shown in the figures.
- the readiness management 52 it is checked whether there is a color request for the color of the developer station, i.e. whether the developer station will be needed in the foreseeable future. If so, control proceeds to step 54 where the developer station is brought into the color ready state described above. Furthermore, in the circumstances explained in more detail below, the ready management 52 can also start a developer regeneration process 48 from a ready state.
- the normal printing operation is first interrupted.
- the character generator 18 (see Figure 7) generates an artificial, i.e. in the print data not provided charge image on the photoconductor 16, which is designed as a full-area pattern with an area coverage of 10% to 50%.
- the developed charge image is printed on the transfer belt 30 at the first transfer location 29 (see FIG. 7).
- the voltages and currents relevant for transfer printing at the first transfer printing point 29 can be switched in such a way that only about 50% of the toner image is transferred from the photoconductor 16 to the transfer belt 30.
- the transfer belt 30 is also moved away from the transport path of the paper web 34, ie pivoted away, so that no toner reaches the paper web 34 from the transfer belt 30. Instead, the reprinted Portion of the toner image cleaned by the transfer belt cleaning device 38 from the transfer belt 30. Similarly, the unprinted portion of the toner image is cleaned by the photoconductor cleaning device 32 from the photoconductor 16. Due to the transfer printing efficiency at the first transfer printing point 29 of approximately 50%, the cleaning work is evenly distributed over the two cleaning devices 32 and 38.
- an artificial or arbitrary toner discharge is caused from the developer station.
- a corresponding amount of fresh toner is also delivered to the developer station. This artificial toner throughput prevents damage, aging or wear of the developer in the developer station.
- the number of pixels in the color corresponding to the developer station is weighted with its inking level using the print data. This is a simple and sufficiently precise method for determining the toner output.
- the print data are stored in a page buffer (not shown) some time before the time at which the image corresponding to this data is to be developed by the developer station.
- FIG. 3 shows a flow diagram of the developer station state management 50 from FIG. 1.
- the page buffer with the print data is evaluated in step 72.
- it is determined from the print data in the page buffer whether there is a color request for the developer station in question, i.e. whether there is print data to be developed with the color of the toner of the developer station. If this is not the case, a counter ts is incremented by an increment dt in step 76. It is then checked in step 78 whether the counter ts is less than or equal to a threshold value tsmax. If so, the controller exits state manager 50 in step 80
- Control could, for example, return to the toner discharge evaluation 46 in step 80, but the exact relationship of the individual process parts is not specified in more detail. In any case, the toner discharge evaluation 46 and the developer station
- State management 50 run parallel to each other. However, if the counter ts has reached the threshold tsmax in step 78, it is first checked in step 81 whether there are color requests for further colors of the print path. In relation to the printer 10 of FIG. 7, this means that it is checked whether further developer stations of the same printing unit 12 or 14 are required. If this is the case, the control starts in step 82 the standby management 52 (see FIG. 1) for the developer station in question and puts this developer station in the standby state described above.
- step 81 if it was determined in step 81 that there are no color requests for all developer stations 20, 22, 24, 26 and 28 of the print path (ie printing unit 12 or 14), standby management 52 is also started in step 84 and the developer station is set to the ready state , However, in step 86, the electrophotography facility of the print path is turned off. In relation to the printer 10 of FIG. 7, this case can occur, for example, when the
- Electrophotography device of the printing path or printing unit to which the developer station in question belongs is switched off. If the electrophotography device is switched off, it is switched on in step 94. Then, in step 96, a color request is sent to developer station standby 52.
- step 106 it is checked in step 106 whether the counter BD corresponds to a threshold value r. If not, control returns to step 102.
- the developer is activated in step 108 in the developer station.
- step 110 the regeneration monitoring counter (RÜZ) is increased by a second increment R2, which is used by the first increment R1 from step 66 of FIG. can be different. It is then checked in step 112 whether RÜZ is still less than the threshold value x, ie whether the first regeneration criterion is met.
- step 112 If RÜZ is less than or equal to x in step 112, that is, a developer regeneration process is not yet necessary, control returns to step 100. As long as there is no color request in step 104, steps 100 to 112 are carried out as described above. This is done at regular time intervals, the length of which is determined by the
- Variable r is predetermined, the developer is activated (see step 108), whereby the developer is initially kept ready for use.
- step 112 If it is determined in step 112 that RÜZ the
- step 104 If there is a color request in step 104, it is first checked in step 116 whether BD ⁇ r. If this is the case, no further activation of the developer is necessary. The counter BD then goes to 0 in step 118 is set and the developer station is set to the color ready state 54 described above.
- step 116 If the counter BD is greater than r in step 116, the developer station is pivoted to the photoconductor 16 in step 122 and the developer is activated in step 120.
- the counter BD is set to 0 in step 124 and the developer regeneration process 48 is started.
- a developer regeneration process 48 is delayed until a color request has been made in step 104, i.e. when the first regeneration criterion has been met. until the developer station is actually needed again.
- This has the advantage that the printing operation does not have to be interrupted unnecessarily. Rather, it is possible in this way to synchronize the regeneration processes of different developer stations with one another, i.e. to concentrate in time as possible, as will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 5.
- FIG. 5 uses a flowchart to show how the developer regeneration processes 48 of different developer stations can be synchronized with one another.
- the synchronization process begins in step 126 by starting the regeneration process 48 for one of the five developer stations 20, 22, 24, 26 and 28 of the upper printing unit 12 or of the lower printing unit 14 (FIG. 7), for example by step 68 in FIG Toner discharge evaluation 46 from FIG. 2.
- the counters RÜZ and BD of the i-th developer station are also provided with the index i and thus to RÜZi and BDi.
- the index i at the threshold value x indicates that different threshold values xi may exist for the different developer stations, ci is a positive number for each developer station i.
- the second regeneration criterion is therefore met if a regeneration process in the i-th developer station is not currently required but would become necessary in the foreseeable future, which is represented by the variable ci.
- step 128 the control branches into two branches, namely a first branch that begins in step 130 and in which the chronological sequence of the regeneration processes of the printing unit (DW1 or DW2) to which the developer station triggering the regeneration process belongs, and one branch beginning in step 132 in which the sequence of the regeneration processes of the developer stations of the other printing unit (DW2 or DW1) is determined.
- Step 5 is essentially identical to the left branch, except that there is no first class developer station, of which there is always only one, and which was dealt with in the left branch.
- steps 146 to 154 of the right branch correspond exactly to steps 136 to 144 of the left branch.
- Step 156 waits until all developer regeneration processes are complete. Thereafter, the control proceeds to the toner discharge evaluation 46.
- the calibration in step 164 is a preparation mode in which the printer 10 is placed before printing begins. Operating parameters are calibrated in calibration step 164. A settling process for control loops for regulating operating parameters is carried out, for example relating to the charging of the photoconductor belt 16, the discharge of the photoconductor belt 16, the toner concentration in the developer mixture or the coloring. After completing the calibration in step 164, all three developer stations are in steps
- step 168 it is waited until all three developer stations have reached the color ready state.
- step 170 the heating of the fixing station 40 (see FIG. 7) is started.
- step 172 the printer 10 is in the printing mode in which there is print data. If the print data tear off during printing, a short follow-up begins. If the print data aborts for longer than the lag time, the printer is stopped in step 174. After the printer is stopped in step 176, control returns to step 160.
- the toner evaluation 46 and the developer station status management 50 run as independent processes in addition to the printing operation (step 172) and are therefore listed separately in FIG. 6.
- the status manager 50 monitors the
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Control Or Security For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Color Electrophotography (AREA)
- Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
- Fax Reproducing Arrangements (AREA)
- Projection-Type Copiers In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004005964A DE102004005964A1 (de) | 2004-02-06 | 2004-02-06 | Steuerungseinrichtung und Verfahren zum Steuern eines elektrofotografischen Druckers oder Kopierers |
| PCT/EP2005/001174 WO2005076199A1 (de) | 2004-02-06 | 2005-02-04 | Steuerungseinrichtung und verfahren zum steuern eines elektrofotografischen druckers oder kopierers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1714236A1 true EP1714236A1 (de) | 2006-10-25 |
| EP1714236B1 EP1714236B1 (de) | 2008-04-16 |
Family
ID=34832546
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05707218A Expired - Lifetime EP1714236B1 (de) | 2004-02-06 | 2005-02-04 | Steuerungseinrichtung und verfahren zum steuern eines elektrofotografischen druckers oder kopierers |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US8023838B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1714236B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP4819700B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN100538727C (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE392672T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102004005964A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2005076199A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007010276B4 (de) | 2007-03-02 | 2010-06-10 | OCé PRINTING SYSTEMS GMBH | Einrichtung und Verfahren zum Einfärben von latenten Bildern eines Zwischenträgers unter Rückführung von Tonerteilchen zu einer Tonerbox |
| US20090232526A1 (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2009-09-17 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Developer cartridge and image formation apparatus |
| CN102207712A (zh) * | 2008-03-17 | 2011-10-05 | 株式会社理光 | 显影剂盒和图像形成装置 |
| DE102008032988B4 (de) * | 2008-07-14 | 2013-05-29 | OCé PRINTING SYSTEMS GMBH | Verfahren zum Bedrucken eines Aufzeichnungsträgers mit Farbdaten und MICR-Daten |
| US20110116531A1 (en) * | 2009-05-11 | 2011-05-19 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Removal of multiplicative errors in frequency domain channel estimation for wireless repeaters |
| CN121036934A (zh) * | 2019-04-30 | 2025-11-28 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 解调参考信号的确定方法、装置、网络设备及存储介质 |
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| JPH0218583A (ja) * | 1988-07-06 | 1990-01-22 | Minolta Camera Co Ltd | 現像装置 |
| JP3029648B2 (ja) * | 1990-07-31 | 2000-04-04 | 株式会社東芝 | 画像形成装置 |
| US5400123A (en) | 1992-07-31 | 1995-03-21 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Image forming apparatus capable of erasing an image recorded in a sheet |
| JP2991317B2 (ja) * | 1993-03-19 | 1999-12-20 | 富士通株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
| JPH07137350A (ja) | 1993-11-12 | 1995-05-30 | Canon Inc | 多色画像形成装置 |
| JPH07248683A (ja) | 1994-03-09 | 1995-09-26 | Konica Corp | カラー画像形成装置の現像器駆動機構 |
| JP3389354B2 (ja) | 1994-10-07 | 2003-03-24 | 株式会社リコー | 現像装置 |
| US5828934A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1998-10-27 | Konica Corporation | Driving device of developing units and toner replenishing units for use in image forming apparatus |
| JPH09172547A (ja) * | 1995-10-19 | 1997-06-30 | Ricoh Co Ltd | カラー画像形成装置 |
| JPH09138540A (ja) | 1995-11-14 | 1997-05-27 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 電子写真装置 |
| JPH1010865A (ja) | 1996-06-24 | 1998-01-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 画像形成装置 |
| KR100223008B1 (ko) * | 1997-05-13 | 1999-10-01 | 윤종용 | 전자사진 장치의 농도제어 방법 및 장치 |
| JPH117188A (ja) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-01-12 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 画像形成装置 |
| JP3422240B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-25 | 2003-06-30 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
| JPH11272064A (ja) * | 1998-03-25 | 1999-10-08 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 画像形成装置 |
| JPH11305636A (ja) | 1998-04-17 | 1999-11-05 | Canon Inc | 画像形成装置 |
| DE19900164A1 (de) | 1999-01-05 | 2000-07-27 | Oce Printing Systems Gmbh | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Regelung der Tonerkonzentration in einem elektrografischen Prozess |
| JP2000227695A (ja) | 1999-02-05 | 2000-08-15 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 画像形成装置及び画像形成方法 |
| JP4280370B2 (ja) | 1999-08-31 | 2009-06-17 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
| JP2001188394A (ja) | 2000-01-05 | 2001-07-10 | Canon Inc | 画像形成装置 |
| JP2001356553A (ja) | 2000-06-15 | 2001-12-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | カラー画像形成装置 |
| JP2002108088A (ja) | 2000-07-27 | 2002-04-10 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 画像形成装置のトナー補給制御方法、及びその画像形成装置 |
| DE10041621A1 (de) | 2000-08-24 | 2002-03-07 | Oce Printing Systems Gmbh | Universal-Carrier, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Zwei-Komponenten-Entwickler für elektrophotographische Drucksysteme |
| JP2002182466A (ja) * | 2000-12-13 | 2002-06-26 | Katsuragawa Electric Co Ltd | 現像装置 |
| JP2002213542A (ja) | 2001-01-19 | 2002-07-31 | Canon Inc | 回転力伝達装置とこの装置を備えた画像形成装置 |
| JP2002328503A (ja) | 2001-04-27 | 2002-11-15 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 現像装置 |
| US6766121B2 (en) * | 2001-11-26 | 2004-07-20 | Oki Data Corporation | Image forming apparatus that periodically discharges waste toner and method of operation thereof |
| JP2003248362A (ja) | 2001-12-20 | 2003-09-05 | Seiko Epson Corp | 画像形成装置 |
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| JP2003270958A (ja) | 2002-03-19 | 2003-09-25 | Pfu Ltd | 液体現像電子写真装置の現像機構およびその制御方法 |
| DE10212840A1 (de) | 2002-03-22 | 2003-10-09 | Oce Printing Systems Gmbh | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Bedrucken von Einzelblättern mit einer Wendevorrichtung |
| JP2003302883A (ja) * | 2002-04-09 | 2003-10-24 | Seiko Epson Corp | 画像形成装置、コンピュータプログラム、及び、コンピュータシステム |
| US6792218B2 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2004-09-14 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Method of compensating for low toner consumption |
| KR100449727B1 (ko) | 2002-06-11 | 2004-09-22 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 현상 바이어스 전원의 단속장치 |
| US6836630B2 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2004-12-28 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Reduction of wear on selected components in multi-color imaging apparatus |
| JP4366173B2 (ja) | 2002-11-19 | 2009-11-18 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
| JP4618775B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-31 | 2011-01-26 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
-
2004
- 2004-02-06 DE DE102004005964A patent/DE102004005964A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-02-04 CN CN200580004062.9A patent/CN100538727C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-04 US US10/588,342 patent/US8023838B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-04 DE DE502005003730T patent/DE502005003730D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-02-04 JP JP2006551817A patent/JP4819700B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-04 EP EP05707218A patent/EP1714236B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-02-04 AT AT05707218T patent/ATE392672T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-04 WO PCT/EP2005/001174 patent/WO2005076199A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-06-25 US US12/823,691 patent/US8068753B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2005076199A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2005076199A1 (de) | 2005-08-18 |
| US8068753B2 (en) | 2011-11-29 |
| JP2007520751A (ja) | 2007-07-26 |
| ATE392672T1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
| JP4819700B2 (ja) | 2011-11-24 |
| DE502005003730D1 (de) | 2008-05-29 |
| DE102004005964A1 (de) | 2005-09-08 |
| US20100296846A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
| CN1914625A (zh) | 2007-02-14 |
| US8023838B2 (en) | 2011-09-20 |
| EP1714236B1 (de) | 2008-04-16 |
| US20080166142A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
| CN100538727C (zh) | 2009-09-09 |
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