Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
  • C25D13/22—Servicing or operating apparatus or multistep processes

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for determining the thickness of a lacquer layer, which is applied by electrophoretic dip coating on an object, wherein the article for dip coating immersed in a paint liquid paint dip tank immersed and generates an electric field as an electrode with at least one counter electrode.
• the invention further relates to a system for determining the thickness of a lacquer layer which is applied by electrophoretic dip coating on an object comprising a paint dip tank for receiving a coating liquid, in which the object can be immersed, a voltage source whose one pole with the object is connectable and the other pole is connected to at least one reaching into the paint pool counter electrode.
• the applied paint layer In the painting of objects, it is generally important that the applied paint layer as closely as possible has the predetermined target thickness. If the actual thickness deviates too much from the nominal thickness, this usually adversely affects the quality of the lacquer, for example the resistance or the color effect. Too thick applied paint layers also lead to an unnecessarily high paint consumption, which is to be avoided in terms of cost and environmental considerations.
• the electrophoretic painting of objects in dipping baths it is generally not possible to ensure compliance with the target thickness of the paint layers alone by accurately adhering to predetermined process conditions over a longer period of time. For example, the properties of the coating fluid may change over time. Frequently, the contacting of the object with the voltage source also leads to difficulties. A loose contact in the area of the contacting surfaces is reflected directly in a reduced layer thickness.
• the thickness of electrophoretically applied lacquer layers has generally been determined manually after drying, for example by means of a measuring microscope or a capacitive measuring instrument, for quality control purposes. If it is ascertained that the thickness of the applied lacquer layer deviates beyond the tolerance limits beyond the setpoint thickness, the faults causative for this can be searched for and, if necessary, remedied. However, repainting is possible in the case of excessively thin lacquer coats, if necessary after removal of the dried lacquer coat. The too thin or thick painted objects increase as a committee, the production costs not insignificant.
• the object of the invention is therefore to improve the known methods and equipment for determining the thickness of an electrophoretically applied paint layer such that is reduced with little effort of the Committee by too thick or too thin painted objects.
• this object is achieved in that the flowing through the article during the dip coating electrical charge and the surface of the object exposed to the coating liquid determined and from the thickness of the paint layer is determined.
• the invention is based on the finding that despite the relatively complex processes in the dipping bath during the electrophoretic dip coating, the thickness of a paint layer applied at least in a first approximation proportional to the flowing during the dip coating electrical
• the invention allows the layer thickness to be determined practically without contact during the dip coating. This, in turn, makes it possible to repaint the article if the finish is too thin.
• the Committee in the painting is considerably reduced in this way.
• the final inspection during the painting can be omitted since each individual coating step can be checked directly on site to determine whether the thicknesses of the coating layers are still within the specified tolerances lie .
• the o. G. The object in a system of the type mentioned above is achieved in that the installation comprises means for determining the electric charge flowing through the object during the dip coating and a computer which determines the thickness of the paint layer from the charge and the surface of the object exposed to the coating liquid.
• the surface of the article can in many cases be calculated from the design data. However, if such a calculation is difficult, as may be the case, for example, in highly fissured motor vehicle bodies, the maximum inrush current flowing through the object at the beginning of the dip painting can also be used as a measure of the surface of the object , Namely, the larger the surface, the larger the inrush current flowing through the object.
• the measurement of the inrush current at the beginning of the dip painting is advantageous because in this way the measurements for different objects can be compared well.
• the current strength used at a later time as a measure of the surface of the object, so the problem would arise that then the objects already coated different thickness and thus would be different insulating and thus the flowing stream is no longer a clear measure of the surface of the object.
• the installation can first be calibrated by coating several articles with different surfaces over different periods of time. The recorded measured values are then set in relation to manually determined layer thicknesses of the objects.
• the measurement accuracy of the layer thickness measurement can be improved if, in addition to the charge and the size of the surface to be coated, further process parameters are taken into account. These process parameters are, in particular, the temperature, the pH, the electrical conductivity, the solids content and the density of the coating liquid. These parameters influence the mobility of the coating pigments in the electrically charged field and the concentration of other charged particles that contribute to the flow of current but not to the coating.
• the voltage applied between the electrode and the at least one counterelectrode can be regulated in such a way that the inrush current density during Start the dip coating has a predetermined, preferably dependent on the paint parameters value. It has been shown that particularly good coating results can be achieved if the quantity decisive for the coating effect, namely the current density, at the beginning of the dip coating has a value which is optimally adapted to the properties of the coating liquid.
• the method described above can be used not only for the actual determination of the layer thickness, but also in the context of controlling the electrophoretic dip coating.
• the controller can be designed, for example, so that the Tauchlackie- tion is terminated as soon as the specific layer thickness has reached a predetermined target value. This exploits the fact that information about the layer thickness is already available during the dip coating by measuring the charge that has flowed up to a certain point in time. The growth of the layer thickness during the dip coating can be continuously monitored and interrupted in this way as soon as the desired layer thickness is reached.
• Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a system according to the invention for determining the layer thickness
• FIG. 2 shows a graph in which, for several objects, the current flowing during the dip painting is plotted over time.
• 1 shows a system for determining the thickness of a cataphoretically applied lacquer layer is shown schematically and designated 10 in total.
• the plant 10 comprises a grounded paint dip tank 12, in which a paint liquid 14 is filled.
• the coating liquid 14 contains binders and pigments, which constitute the actual constituents of the later lacquer layer. In the illustrated embodiment, it is assumed that both the binders and the pigments are electrically positively charged. However, there are also paint liquids 14, in which only the binder particles, but not the pigments themselves are electrically charged.
• the Lackmannmaschine 14 also contains a solvent whose ion concentration can be detected by the pH and the electrical conductivity of the coating liquid 14.
• Coating current source 22 is connected via a line 26 to an object to be painted, which in the illustrated embodiment is a vehicle body 28.
• the vehicle body 28 is suspended on a conveying system 30, indicated at 30, which is part of a superordinate transport system of a painting line.
• the conveyor system 30 makes it possible to immerse the vehicle body 28 in the paint dip tank 12 and to raise it again after completion of the dip painting.
• the anode plates 16, 18 may also be arranged inside dialysis housings.
• the 'known as far as Appendix 10 further includes a Ammeters 32, with which the current flowing through the AnlagenkarosSerie 28 during dip coating current can be measured.
• the ammeter 32 is disposed in the line 26 which connects the coating power source 22 to the vehicle body 28.
• the ammeter 32 may also be located elsewhere within the circuit or within the coating power source 22.
• the ammeter 32 is connected via a data line L1 to a computer 34, in which the measured current can be detected over time.
• the system 10 also has a voltmeter 36, which measures the electrical voltage between the positive pole 20 and the negative pole 24. Via a data line L2 of the voltmeter 36 is also connected to the computer 34.
• a plurality of sensors namely a temperature sensor 38, a pH sensor 40 and a conductivity sensor 42 are arranged, which detect the corresponding quantities by measurement and transmit to the computer 34 via data lines L3, L4 and L5.
• FIG. 2 shows a graph in which, for three consecutively coated articles, the current intensity J measured by the ammeter 32 is plotted as a function of time.
• the coating power source 22 After immersing the vehicle body 28 in the Paint liquid 14, the coating power source 22 is turned on. The coating current source 22 thereby generates a DC voltage which is of the order of a few hundred volts. The application of this voltage to the anode sheets 16, 18 and to the one
• Cathode-forming vehicle body 28 leads to the formation of an electric field within the Lackmannmaschine 14, the strength of which in particular depends on the voltage and the distance between the anode sheets 16, 18 on the one hand and the vehicle body 28 on the other hand. Since the pigments and binder particles contained in the paint liquid are electrically positively charged, the prevailing electric field generates electrokinetic forces which lead to deposition of the pigments and the binder particles on the vehicle body 28.
• Coating current source 22 after a period of time t_ - t n so far that only a small residual current flows, which prevents detachment of the paint layer of the object, but no longer increases the layer thickness.
• the ' vehicle body 28 may at the end of the cycle time T raised with the help of the conveyor system 30 from the paint dip tank 12 and z. B. a subsequent rinsing station.
• the computer 34 integrates the current intensity measured by the ammeter 32 during the time interval t. - t_ on. This integral, which is indicated in FIG. 2 as a dotted area 44, is equal to the total charge that has flowed through the vehicle body 28 during the cataphoretic coating. If the coating liquid 14 contains no further electrically charged particles in addition to the positively charged pigments and binder particles, then the total charge indicated by the surface 44 would correspond exactly to the amount of pigments and binder particles which have been deposited on the vehicle body 28. In fact, the paint liquid contains other charged particles. However, if it can be established that their concentration and mobility remain at least approximately constant during dip coating, there is nevertheless a direct correlation between the measured total charge on the one hand and the total amount of pigments and binder particles deposited on the vehicle body 28 during dip coating.
• the thickness of the coating cataphoretically applied to the vehicle body 28 during dip coating is then given as the volume of deposited pigments and binder particles divided by the total surface area of the vehicle body 28. It will be understood, of course, that there will be no thickness variations, such as due to disturbances in the electric field distribution, comes.
• the entire surface of the vehicle to be painted body 28 is determined in advance either on the basis of the design data and supplied to the computer 34 or the latter by means of the above-mentioned maximum inrush current I _, -_, z. B. using a so-called. "Look-Up Table" determined in which the relationship between inrush current and surface is stored.
• the relevant variables of the temperature sensor 38, the pH sensor 40 and the conductivity sensor 42 are also transmitted to the computer 34.
• a density sensor and a sensor for detecting the solids content may also be provided (not shown); the attachment of additional sensors is also possible. If the values detected by the sensors change significantly during the dip coating, then the layer thickness value can be corrected accordingly.
• the correction values can also be taken from a "look-up table" created by means of a calibration or also calculated using a physical model. For this purpose, the model simulates the electrokinetic movement of all charged particles in the coating liquid 14.
• the computer 34 determines that the thickness of the applied layer is outside the permissible tolerance range, then different measures can be taken. If the layer has been applied too thinly, for example, then the conveyor system 30 may be the vehicle body 28 left for some time in the paint dip tank 12 or re-immerse and re-coat, since the paint is not cured at this time. The thus nachbe Anlagenete vehicle body 28 is not a committee in this way.
• the vehicle body 28 will generally have to be regarded as scrap. However, the vehicle body 28 can then be discarded early from the painting line.
• the computer 34 can also switch off the coating current source 22 directly via a data line L6 when the desired target layer thickness has been reached.
• a procedure is particularly useful if, for example, the contacting of the objects to be painted is difficult. In this case, it may happen that arise due to the varying electrical resistance due to the poor contact very different current curves. This is shown in FIG. 2 for three identical objects. In the second article whose current curve is drawn at 46, due to the poor contact, only an overall lower current intensity is achieved. As a result, the cataphoretic coating is slower.
• the computer 34 now continuously detects the increase in thickness of the coating and switches the
• the area 48 under the current curve 46 thus has at least approximately the same size as the area 44 under the first current curve already described above
• the current curve is designated by 50, however, it is assumed that although the contact is as good as in the first described object with the S ' tromkurve 43.
• the coating liquid 14 has since changed so in that the charged pigments and binder particles have a higher mobility, as a result of which the current intensity decreases less rapidly after the start of dip-coating.
• the computer 34 therefore switches off the coating current source 22 earlier, so that the area 52 under the current curve 50 has approximately the same size as the areas 44 and 48.
• the system 10 can also be provided with a control device which ensures that the vehicle body 28 is always exposed to the same current density at the beginning of the dip painting.
• the voltage generated by the coating power source 22 is adjusted so that regardless of the surface of the vehicle body 28 everywhere the same lackspezifi- see current density results. Compliance with a specific paint-specific current density has proven to be expedient, as applied under these .Prices coatings have particularly good adhesion properties and the cycle time is independent of the size of the surface to be coated.
• the vehicle body 28 is katpahoretisch coated.
• the above-described method for measuring layer thickness is, of course, also applicable to installations in which an anaphoretic coating takes place. For this purpose, only the polarities must be reversed and a coating liquid used in which the pigments are not positive, but negatively charged.
• the system 10 can not only be clocked as described above, but also operated continuously. Furthermore, it is possible to introduce a plurality of similar workpieces at the same time on suitable goods carriers in the paint dip tank 12 and to determine the thicknesses of the applied paint on the workpieces in the manner described above.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
• Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
• Coating Apparatus (AREA)

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• 2004
  • 2004-01-22 DE DE102004003456A patent/DE102004003456B4/de not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
  • 2004-12-04 AT AT04803525T patent/ATE471999T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2004-12-04 WO PCT/EP2004/013813 patent/WO2005073436A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2004-12-04 PL PL04803525T patent/PL1704270T3/pl unknown
  • 2004-12-04 RU RU2006130008/02A patent/RU2368708C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2004-12-04 UA UAA200609217A patent/UA90466C2/uk unknown
  • 2004-12-04 US US10/587,104 patent/US7825671B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-12-04 EP EP04803525A patent/EP1704270B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
  • 2004-12-04 DE DE502004011320T patent/DE502004011320D1/de active Active
• 2006
  • 2006-08-07 ZA ZA2006/06571A patent/ZA200606571B/en unknown

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