EP1678344B1 - Im wesentlichen chrom-freies verfahren zum passivieren von metallischen oberflächen aus zn, zn-legierungen, al oder al-legierungen - Google Patents
Im wesentlichen chrom-freies verfahren zum passivieren von metallischen oberflächen aus zn, zn-legierungen, al oder al-legierungen Download PDFInfo
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- EP1678344B1 EP1678344B1 EP20040790483 EP04790483A EP1678344B1 EP 1678344 B1 EP1678344 B1 EP 1678344B1 EP 20040790483 EP20040790483 EP 20040790483 EP 04790483 A EP04790483 A EP 04790483A EP 1678344 B1 EP1678344 B1 EP 1678344B1
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- KJLQJEWLKADPDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enylphosphonic acid Chemical class OP(O)(=O)CCC=C KJLQJEWLKADPDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007739 conversion coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- BNKAXGCRDYRABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OC=C BNKAXGCRDYRABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-IHWYPQMZSA-N isocrotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C/C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010327 methods by industry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)O UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000002949 phytic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940068041 phytic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000467 phytic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)O ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012487 rinsing solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001456 vanadium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003176 water-insoluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- LJFCDOMDEACIMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc chromium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Cr+3].[Zn+2] LJFCDOMDEACIMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/82—After-treatment
- C23C22/83—Chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
- C23C22/53—Treatment of zinc or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
- C23C22/56—Treatment of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/78—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
- B05D7/16—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies using synthetic lacquers or varnishes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12556—Organic component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
- Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
- Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31692—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Definitions
- the invention further relates to a passivation layer on a metallic surface of Zn, Zn alloys, Al or Al alloys obtainable by the process, metallic surfaces comprising such a passivation layer and a preparation for passivation.
- maleic anhydride units are hydrolyzed directly at the beginning, in parallel or following the polymerization to maleic acid units, preferably with a base such as triethanolamine.
- the type and concentration of the acid in the preparation (Z) is determined by the skilled person according to the desired application and pH. In general, a concentration of 0.01 g / l to 30 g / l, preferably 0.05 g / l to 3 g / l, and more preferably 0.1 g / l to 5 g / l has proven.
- the number average molecular weight M n of the crosslinker is from 112 to about 5000 g / mol, preferably from 150 to 2500 g / mol and more preferably from 200 to 2000 g / mol.
- the at least two crosslinking groups are connected to one another by means of a linking group X comprising at least 2 C atoms.
- a linking group X comprising at least 2 C atoms.
- oxirane and thirane groups it is naturally possible to link only in the 2 or 3 position of the three-membered ring.
- azirane groups the 1-position is also an option. This is also the preferred position.
- Oxirane or azirane crosslinkers are preferred.
- the linking group X may be a straight-chain, branched or cyclic aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic group, which may also have additional heteroatoms or substituents.
- the linking group is preferably a straight-chain or branched aliphatic group in which non-adjacent carbon atoms may also be replaced by O atoms.
- m is a natural number from 2 to 6.
- R 2 is H and / or a methyl group.
- a cross-linker molecule comprises only the same radicals R 2 in the crosslinking groups, and most preferably, R 2 is a hydrogen atom.
- the radical R 1 O m - is an m-valent, aliphatic alkoxy radical.
- the remainder has at least m O atoms to which m radicals of the general formula (Ia) are connected.
- the azirane groups are thus linked via linking groups with the radical R 1 O m -.
- the aliphatic alkoxy radicals R 1 O m - may have further O atoms or other heteroatoms such as, for example, N in the radical R 1 . They are derived from the corresponding aliphatic alcohols R 1 (OH) m , where m ' ⁇ m.
- the alcohols can also be reacted with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide to di- or higher functional polyetherols. Preferably, only ethoxylated products are used.
- the alcohols can also be oligomers or polymers of suitable molecular weight which comprise vinyl alcohol units, for example polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol copolymers.
- Preferred for carrying out this invention are glycol, butanediol, glycerol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,2,4-butanetriol, pentaerythritol, and their polyetherols based on ethylene oxide, particularly preferred is trimethylolpropane.
- crosslinkers of the general formula (I) it is possible first to react an m'-valent alcohol of the general formula R 1 (OH) m 'with (meth) acrylic acid or a suitable (meth) acrylic acid derivative to give a (meth) acrylic acid ester. Not all OH groups of the alcohol have to be reacted as long as at least 2 are reacted.
- (meth) acrylic acid anhydride is suitable for carrying out this reaction.
- the resulting ester is reacted in a second reaction step with azirane or 2-methylazirane, wherein the azirane is added by means of a Michael addition to the double bond of the (meth) acrylic acid unit.
- R 1 O m - has the meaning given above.
- Preferred radicals in the crosslinkers (II) are derived from glycerol, oligoglycerols, in particular di- or triglycerol, glycol or polyethylene glycols of the general formula HO- (CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -H, where n is preferably from 2 to 25 stands.
- crosslinkers of the formula (II) a polyhydric alcohol of the general formula R 1 (OH) m ' can be reacted with glycidyl chloride. Not all OH groups of the alcohol have to be reacted as long as at least 2 are reacted.
- Crosslinkers of the formula (II) comprising various oxirane groups are commercially available, for example under the trade name Denacol® (Nagase Chemicals Ltd.).
- the water-soluble crosslinkers used according to the invention can be dissolved in the preparation (Z) so that the treatment of the metallic surface with the crosslinker and the treatment with the preparation take place simultaneously.
- crosslinker it is also possible to treat the surface with the crosslinker in a separate step before and / or after the treatment with the preparation.
- the latter is particularly recommendable if the crosslinker is not completely inert in the chosen preparation and the selected passivation conditions, but reacts with the components of the preparation. Adverse reactions are also advantageously avoided by mixing the crosslinker only immediately before use in the preparation.
- the ratio of the crosslinker to the polymer is determined by the person skilled in the art according to the desired properties. As a rule, a weight ratio of polymer to crosslinker of 0.05: 1 to 50: 1, preferably 0.1 to 20: 1 and particularly preferably 0.5: 1 to 10: 1, has proven useful.
- the preparation may optionally further comprise other components via said components.
- the optionally present components may be, for example, transition metal ions and compounds, for example Ce, Ni, Co, V, Fe, Zn, Zr, Ca, Mn, Mo, W, Ti, Zr, Hf, Bi, Cr and /. or the lanthanides act. If Cr is present, the quantities defined above should not be exceeded.
- no Cr (VI) compounds are used, more preferably no chromium compounds at all. They may also be compounds of main group elements, such as Si and / or Al. The compounds can be used for example in the form of the respective aqua complexes.
- ligands such as, for example, fluoride complexes of Ti (IV), Zr (IV) or Si (IV) or oxometalates such as MoO 4 2- or WO 4 2- .
- complexes with typical chelating ligands such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) or methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA).
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- DTPA diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
- HEDTA hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid
- NTA nitrilotriacetic acid
- MGDA methylglycinediacetic acid
- Other optional components include surface-active compounds, corrosion inhibitors or typical electroplating aids.
- the surface of the metal is treated with the preparation (Z) and with the crosslinker, for example by spraying, dipping or rolling. After a dipping process, you can drain the workpiece to remove excess treatment solution; in the case of metal sheets, metal foils or the like, however, excess treatment solution can also be squeezed off or doctored off, for example.
- the treatment at least parts of the polymer used as well as other components of the preparation are chemisorbed by the surface of the metal, so that a firm bond between the surface and the component comes about. Treatment with the preparation is usually carried out at room temperature without that higher temperatures should be excluded in principle.
- the crosslinking of the polymer by the crosslinker can also be carried out at room temperature.
- the metal surface is heated after the treatment of the metal with the preparation and the crosslinker.
- the treatment of the metal surface with the preparation and the crosslinker may be carried out batchwise or preferably continuously.
- a continuous process is particularly suitable for treating strip metals.
- the metal strip is driven by a pan or a spray device with the preparation and optionally a pan or spray device for the crosslinker and optionally by other pre- or post-treatment stations.
- the duration of treatment will be determined by the skilled person according to the desired properties of the layer, the composition used for the treatment and the technical conditions. It can be significantly less than a second or several minutes. In the continuous process, it has proven particularly useful to contact the surface with the preparation for a period of 1 to 60 seconds.
- crosslinker is added to the preparation or the metal surface treated with the crosslinker in a separate step is decided by the skilled person depending on the desired result and the conditions.
- the use of a preparation which already contains the crosslinker is easier and cheaper to carry out, because a separate second process step is not required.
- the treatment with the preparation and with the crosslinker in two (or three) separate process steps has the advantage that it provides more process-technological degrees of freedom that can be used for special effects.
- the preparation containing the crosslinker can not be heated to elevated temperatures for a relatively long time, since otherwise at least parts of the crosslinker are prematurely and undesirably mixed with the polymer, other constituents of the polymer Preparation or react with yourself. Such unwanted side reactions may degrade passivation layer properties and, in the worst case, even completely unusable results.
- the treatment in this case must therefore usually take place essentially at room temperature.
- the treatment with the crosslinker can be carried out at significantly higher temperatures, for example at 50 to 80 ° C., without fear of undesired reactions of the crosslinker.
- the formation of the passivation layer can be accelerated and / or other properties of the passivation layer, such as, for example, its thickness, can be influenced.
- the treatment with the crosslinker is then carried out in a separate step, for example with a solution of the crosslinker at room temperature. It can be done afterwards, but also before the treatment with the preparation.
- the process according to the invention may optionally also comprise one or more pretreatment steps.
- the metallic surface can be cleaned prior to passivation with the preparation used according to the invention, e.g. to remove fats or oils.
- it can also be pickled prior to passivation to remove oxide scale, scale, temporary corrosion protection and the like.
- the surface must also be optionally rinsed with water after and between such pretreatment steps in order to remove the residues of rinsing solutions or pickling solutions.
- the thickness of the passivation layer is adjusted by the person skilled in the art according to the desired properties of the layer.
- the thickness is 0.01 to 3 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 2.5 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 1 to 2 ⁇ m.
- the thickness can be influenced, for example, by the type and amount of the applied components as well as the exposure time. Furthermore, it can be influenced by process parameters, for example by doctoring or rolling to over-applied treatment solution.
- the thickness of the layer is determined by differential weighing before and after the action of the composition used according to the invention on the metal surface, assuming that the layer has a specific density of 1 kg / l.
- layer thickness is always understood to mean a size determined in this way, regardless of which specific density the layer actually has.
- a further subject of the present application is a metallic surface which comprises the passivation layer according to the invention.
- the passivation layer is applied directly to the actual metal surface.
- strip metal is made of steel, which comprises a coating of Zn or a Zn alloy, and on which a passivation layer according to the invention is applied.
- the metallic surface with passivation layer can be overcoated in a manner known in principle with one or more color or effect paint layers.
- Typical lacquers, their composition and typical layer sequences in the case of several lacquer coats are known in principle to the person skilled in the art.
- test plates made of galvanized steel (20 microns one-sided zinc coating) were used
- aqueous solutions of the polymer used in each case were homogenized and filled in a dipping bath.
- the solutions also contained 0.1% by weight of HNO 3 or H 3 PO 4 .
- the pre-cleaned sheets were immersed for 10 seconds and at Room temperature dried. Finally, the edges of the passivated sheets were taped to eliminate edge effects.
- the sheets were passivated as described below.
- the thickness of the passivation layer was determined by differential weighing before and after exposure of the composition used according to the invention to the metal surface and assuming that the layer has a specific gravity of 1 kg / l.
- layer thickness is always understood to mean a size determined in this way, regardless of which specific density the layer actually has.
- the layer thickness is 0.6 ⁇ m.
- the residence time until assessment 8 in a 5% salt spray atmosphere at 30 ° C. is ⁇ 2 h in each case.
- the total layer thickness (crosslinker + polymer together) is 2.2 ⁇ m.
- Dwell time up to grade 8 in a 5% salt spray atmosphere at 30 ° C is 19 hours.
- the layer thickness is 1.0 ⁇ m.
- crosslinkers can greatly improve the corrosion resistance of zinc surfaces by chemically stabilizing the passivating polyacrylate layer by reactive crosslinkers.
- highly reactive polyfunctional azirane or Oxiranvernetzer are suitable. Due to their reactivity, the azirane crosslinkers can be used at room temperature and are stronger in their action than the oxirane crosslinkers.
- crosslinker alone gives no effect, and the polymer alone shows a significantly worse effect than the combination of crosslinker and polymer.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2003149728 DE10349728A1 (de) | 2003-10-23 | 2003-10-23 | Im wesentlichen Chrom-freies Verfahren zum Passivieren von metallischen Oberflächen aus Zn, Zn-Legierungen, AI oder AI-Legierungen |
PCT/EP2004/011641 WO2005042801A1 (de) | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-15 | Im wesentlichen chrom-freies verfahren zum passivieren von metallischen oberflächen aus zn, zn-legierungen, al oder al-legierungen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1678344A1 EP1678344A1 (de) | 2006-07-12 |
EP1678344B1 true EP1678344B1 (de) | 2010-04-07 |
Family
ID=34485012
Family Applications (1)
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EP20040790483 Not-in-force EP1678344B1 (de) | 2003-10-23 | 2004-10-15 | Im wesentlichen chrom-freies verfahren zum passivieren von metallischen oberflächen aus zn, zn-legierungen, al oder al-legierungen |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8241745B2 (es) |
EP (1) | EP1678344B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP2007510058A (es) |
KR (1) | KR20070001879A (es) |
CN (1) | CN100529181C (es) |
AT (1) | ATE463592T1 (es) |
BR (1) | BRPI0415542A (es) |
CA (1) | CA2542090A1 (es) |
DE (2) | DE10349728A1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2342940T3 (es) |
MX (1) | MXPA06003938A (es) |
WO (1) | WO2005042801A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102005023728A1 (de) | 2005-05-23 | 2006-11-30 | Basf Coatings Ag | Lackschichtbildendes Korrosionsschutzmittel und Verfahren zu dessen stromfreier Applikation |
DE102005027567A1 (de) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-21 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum Passivieren von metallischen Oberflächen mit Säuregruppen aufweisenden Polymeren |
DE102005027633A1 (de) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-21 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum Herstellen von lackierten, flächenförmigen, metallischen Formkörpern |
DE102005027568A1 (de) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-21 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum Passivieren von metallischen Oberflächen mit Zubereitungen von säuregruppenhaltigen Polymeren und Wachsen |
MX2009000338A (es) * | 2006-07-25 | 2009-01-28 | Basf Se | Metodo para pasivar superficies metalicas por medio de copolimeros que tienen grupos de acido fosforico y/o acido fosfonico. |
DE102006039633A1 (de) * | 2006-08-24 | 2008-03-13 | Henkel Kgaa | Chromfreies, thermisch härtbares Korrosionsschutzmittel |
DE102006053291A1 (de) | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-15 | Basf Coatings Ag | Lackschichtbildendes Korrosionsschutzmittel mit guter Haftung und Verfahren zu dessen stromfreier Applikation |
DE102006053292A1 (de) * | 2006-11-13 | 2008-05-15 | Basf Coatings Ag | Lackschichtbildendes Korrosionsschutzmittel mit verminderter Rißbildung und Verfahren zu dessen stromfreier Applikation |
DE102008048596A1 (de) * | 2008-09-23 | 2010-04-08 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Quenchpassivierung von Aluminiumdruckgussteilen |
EP2252723B1 (de) | 2008-10-20 | 2011-08-24 | Basf Se | Kontinuierliches verfahren zur oberflächenbehandlung von metallbändern |
DE102009007632A1 (de) | 2009-02-05 | 2010-08-12 | Basf Coatings Ag | Beschichtungsmittel für korrosionsstabile Lackierungen |
US8734949B2 (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2014-05-27 | Basf Se | Method for passivating metallic surfaces using carboxylate-containing copolymers |
EP2742101B1 (de) | 2011-08-10 | 2015-09-09 | Basf Se | Zubereitung von itaconsäure homo- oder copolymeren und amin- oder amidhaltigen alkoholen für die metalloberflächenbehandlung |
WO2013020980A1 (de) | 2011-08-10 | 2013-02-14 | Basf Se | Verfahren zum passivieren von metallischen oberflächen unter verwendung von carboxylathaltigen copolymeren |
WO2013064442A1 (de) | 2011-11-03 | 2013-05-10 | Basf Se | Zubereitung zur passivierung von metallischen oberflächen enthaltend säuregruppenhaltige polymere und ti- oder zr-verbindungen |
ES2921449T3 (es) * | 2014-01-23 | 2022-08-25 | Chemetall Gmbh | Procedimiento para el recubrimiento de superficies metálicas, dicho sustrato recubierto y su uso |
JP6870983B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-27 | 2021-05-12 | 日本ペイント・サーフケミカルズ株式会社 | 亜鉛系メッキ鋼板用表面処理剤 |
CN115161628B (zh) * | 2021-04-07 | 2023-10-13 | 中南大学 | 一种电解锰的钝化剂及钝化方法 |
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US4126595A (en) * | 1975-06-17 | 1978-11-21 | Rohm And Haas Company | Aqueous coating compositions comprising acrylic oligomers, high molecular weight polymers and crosslinkers |
JPS54159447A (en) | 1978-06-06 | 1979-12-17 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | Water-soluble resin coating composition having improved storage stability |
JPS5919194B2 (ja) | 1979-06-14 | 1984-05-02 | 三井東圧化学株式会社 | 亜鉛または亜鉛合金メッキ鋼板の表面処理法 |
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CA1261614A (en) * | 1984-04-27 | 1989-09-26 | Shmuel Dabi | Crosslinked carboxyl polyelectrolytes and method of making same |
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DE19516765A1 (de) | 1995-05-06 | 1996-11-07 | Henkel Kgaa | Chrom- und fluoridfreie Behandlung von Metalloberflächen |
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DE19615664A1 (de) * | 1996-04-19 | 1997-10-23 | Surtec Produkte Und Systeme Fu | Chrom(VI)freie Chromatschicht sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
DE19754108A1 (de) | 1997-12-05 | 1999-06-10 | Henkel Kgaa | Chromfreies Korrosionsschutzmittel und Korrosionsschutzverfahren |
JP4008605B2 (ja) | 1999-01-13 | 2007-11-14 | 日本ペイント株式会社 | 金属表面用ノンクロムコーティング剤 |
DE19923084A1 (de) * | 1999-05-20 | 2000-11-23 | Henkel Kgaa | Chromfreies Korrosionsschutzmittel und Korrosionsschutzverfahren |
WO2001031083A1 (fr) * | 1999-10-22 | 2001-05-03 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Composition pour traitement de surface de metal et materiau metallique a surface traitee |
EP1244526B1 (en) | 1999-10-22 | 2004-08-04 | CommScope, Inc. of North Carolina | Electronic cable provided with corrosion-protected tape. |
JP2001214283A (ja) * | 1999-11-15 | 2001-08-07 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 表面処理亜鉛系めっき鋼板 |
JP3857866B2 (ja) | 2000-02-29 | 2006-12-13 | 日本ペイント株式会社 | ノンクロメート金属表面処理剤、表面処理方法および処理された塗装鋼材 |
JP2001348535A (ja) | 2000-06-07 | 2001-12-18 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 金属表面被覆用組成物及び金属表面被覆剤 |
JP5340516B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-21 | 2013-11-13 | ユニチカ株式会社 | 防錆用コート剤組成物及び積層金属材料 |
DE60233031D1 (de) | 2001-01-15 | 2009-09-03 | Unitika Ltd | Wässrige polyolefinharzzusammensetzung |
JP5133477B2 (ja) | 2001-04-27 | 2013-01-30 | 東邦化学工業株式会社 | 樹脂エマルション組成物 |
JP2002326310A (ja) | 2001-04-27 | 2002-11-12 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 樹脂塗装金属板 |
JP4834195B2 (ja) | 2001-07-09 | 2011-12-14 | 関西ペイント株式会社 | 金属表面処理組成物 |
KR100776811B1 (ko) * | 2002-07-23 | 2007-11-19 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 내백청성이 우수한 표면처리 강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
DE502004007096D1 (de) | 2003-02-24 | 2008-06-19 | Basf Se | Polymere enthaltend Phosphor- und/oder Phosphonsäure Gruppen zur Metalloberflächenbehandlung |
-
2003
- 2003-10-23 DE DE2003149728 patent/DE10349728A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-10-15 BR BRPI0415542 patent/BRPI0415542A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-10-15 WO PCT/EP2004/011641 patent/WO2005042801A1/de active Application Filing
- 2004-10-15 AT AT04790483T patent/ATE463592T1/de active
- 2004-10-15 DE DE200450011004 patent/DE502004011004D1/de active Active
- 2004-10-15 EP EP20040790483 patent/EP1678344B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-10-15 ES ES04790483T patent/ES2342940T3/es active Active
- 2004-10-15 CN CNB2004800313922A patent/CN100529181C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-15 MX MXPA06003938A patent/MXPA06003938A/es unknown
- 2004-10-15 CA CA 2542090 patent/CA2542090A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-10-15 JP JP2006536013A patent/JP2007510058A/ja active Pending
- 2004-10-15 KR KR1020067009832A patent/KR20070001879A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2004-10-15 US US10/595,494 patent/US8241745B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1678344A1 (de) | 2006-07-12 |
MXPA06003938A (es) | 2006-06-27 |
CN1871374A (zh) | 2006-11-29 |
DE502004011004D1 (de) | 2010-05-20 |
JP2007510058A (ja) | 2007-04-19 |
BRPI0415542A (pt) | 2006-12-26 |
CA2542090A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
KR20070001879A (ko) | 2007-01-04 |
ATE463592T1 (de) | 2010-04-15 |
US8241745B2 (en) | 2012-08-14 |
DE10349728A1 (de) | 2005-05-25 |
WO2005042801A1 (de) | 2005-05-12 |
ES2342940T3 (es) | 2010-07-19 |
US20070082193A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
CN100529181C (zh) | 2009-08-19 |
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