EP1593775B1 - Beschichtete, wasserdampfdurchlässige und pilzresistente Gewebe - Google Patents

Beschichtete, wasserdampfdurchlässige und pilzresistente Gewebe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1593775B1
EP1593775B1 EP20050009159 EP05009159A EP1593775B1 EP 1593775 B1 EP1593775 B1 EP 1593775B1 EP 20050009159 EP20050009159 EP 20050009159 EP 05009159 A EP05009159 A EP 05009159A EP 1593775 B1 EP1593775 B1 EP 1593775B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
coated
aqueous
process according
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20050009159
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1593775A1 (de
Inventor
Wolfgang Lube
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sattler AG
Original Assignee
Sattler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sattler AG filed Critical Sattler AG
Publication of EP1593775A1 publication Critical patent/EP1593775A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1593775B1 publication Critical patent/EP1593775B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
    • D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
    • D06N3/0059—Organic ingredients with special effects, e.g. oil- or water-repellent, antimicrobial, flame-resistant, magnetic, bactericidal, odour-influencing agents; perfumes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/18—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with two layers of different macromolecular materials
    • D06N3/186—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with two layers of different macromolecular materials one of the layers is on one surface of the fibrous web and the other layer is on the other surface of the fibrous web
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2139—Coating or impregnation specified as porous or permeable to a specific substance [e.g., water vapor, air, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2164—Coating or impregnation specified as water repellent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2213—Coating or impregnation is specified as weather proof, water vapor resistant, or moisture resistant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2221—Coating or impregnation is specified as water proof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2525—Coating or impregnation functions biologically [e.g., insect repellent, antiseptic, insecticide, bactericide, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2525—Coating or impregnation functions biologically [e.g., insect repellent, antiseptic, insecticide, bactericide, etc.]
    • Y10T442/2533—Inhibits mildew

Definitions

  • the invention relates to coated, water vapor permeable and fungus resistant fabrics, in particular technical fabrics, a process for producing the same and their use for the production of sunscreen and weather protection articles such as tent fabrics, boat covers and the like.
  • Water-vapor permeable, textile fabrics are known in particular from the fields of application of functional sportswear and protective clothing as well as various medical fields.
  • Common processes for the preparation of water vapor-permeable textiles from the above-mentioned areas are known in particular under the names “Goretex” and “Sympatex”, which work on the principle of the production of microporous structures.
  • a tent fabric in particular for the military sector, which has a coating composition on at least one side, is described.
  • This tent fabric is made of a flame retardant yarn, and the coating composition may also contain a flame retardant.
  • this coating which may be applied to a pre-impregnation layer and to which a Nachimoniagn ists can be applied, does not contain this document.
  • US-A-2001021616 describes a process for the preparation of a coated, water-vapor-permeable, oil, dirt and water repellent, fungus-resistant fabric, which fabric is first treated, then impregnated with an aqueous impregnating agent containing a fungicidal and a hydrophobing agent, dried and treated with an aqueous dispersion of a hydrophilic polyurethane, hydrophobing agent and fungicide is coated. To improve the water properties, the coating can be repeated. A high amount of water repellent is used.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing such coated fabrics available, which are characterized by good water vapor permeability and good water pressure resistance, which also have improved fungal protection properties, oil, dirt and water repellent and are also weather resistant beyond ,
  • a process for the production of coated, water vapor permeable and fungus resistant fabrics according to the teaching of claim 1, which is: Process for the preparation of coated, water vapor permeable and fungus resistant fabrics with a water vapor permeability of 800 to 2800 g / m 2 x 24 h and a water pressure resistance of a water column of 800 to 1800 mm, characterized in that one impregnates a pre-cleaned fabric with an aqueous impregnating agent containing 1-5 wt .-% antifungal agent and 0.2-2 wt .-% water repellent, dries , Then with an aqueous dispersion of a hydrophilic polyurethane, which is also a fungicidal and optionally further additives such.
  • the aqueous impregnating agent contains 2-4% by weight of antifungal agent. It is advantageous if the aqueous impregnating agent preferably contains from 0.4 to 1% by weight of a hydrophobing agent.
  • the impregnated and dried fabric is coated at least once with an aqueous polyurethane dispersion.
  • Another object of the invention are coated water vapor permeable and fungus resistant fabric, prepared by one of the methods given above.
  • the fabrics according to the invention have a water vapor permeability of 800 to 2,800 g / m 2 x 24 h in a temperature range of 20 - 50 ° C. and a water pressure resistance of a water column of 800 to 1,800 mm.
  • a fabric is produced in a manner known per se.
  • the fabrics are in particular so-called technical fabrics, which are distinguished from purely textile fabrics by a higher basis weight and higher tensile strength.
  • the basis weight of the fabrics is in the range of 150 to 450 g / m 2 .
  • the tissue is then cleaned z.
  • the thus washed and dried fabric is then impregnated with an aqueous impregnating agent.
  • This impregnating agent contains one or more antifungal agents and one or more water repellents.
  • the fabric is then impregnated in a manner, i. H. so thoroughly that the fibers or yarns are completely covered with the impregnating agent. This is necessary in order to obtain a full-surface coating in the subsequent coating process.
  • the fabric thus impregnated is dried.
  • the antifungal agent is generally contained in an amount of 20-40 g, preferably 30 g, per liter of water in the impregnating agent.
  • the impregnating agent contains a water repellent in an amount of, for example, 4 - 10 g, in particular 7 g per liter of water.
  • the thus impregnated and dried fabric is coated.
  • aqueous dispersions of hydrophilic polyurethanes For coating serve aqueous dispersions of hydrophilic polyurethanes.
  • the aqueous dispersion should contain so much polyurethane that a sufficient amount of polyurethane is applied to the fabric.
  • the amount is so dimensioned that the fabric contains between 30 and 50 g of coating coating per square meter of surface, these quantities being based on dry-substance polyurethane.
  • the aqueous coating composition further contains a fungicidal agent, preferably the same, possibly also a similar or similar antifungal agent, as used in the impregnation.
  • the coating composition may further contain conventional additives, such as. B. coloring pigments.
  • the thus coated fabrics are characterized in particular by good water vapor permeability, high water pressure resistance, by good oil dirt and water repellency, as well as by an excellent fungus resistance. These functional properties are retained throughout the entire service life, so that even the protected interior is protected from moisture and fungal infestation.
  • the thus coated fabrics can be used in an excellent manner according to the invention for sunscreen and weather protection items.
  • Tent fabrics, tent roofs, marquee fabrics, boat covers, boat winter coverings, boat summer coverings, splashback covers are especially worth mentioning Boat area, bow windows on boats, especially in such fabrics, the rooms z. B. cabins, boat huts to protect against moisture and fungus formation.
  • i. H. Yarns for the fabrics may be polyester, in particular polyethylene terephthalate threads or fibers, e.g. As filament yarns, continuous fibers or staple fiber yarns, fibers of polyacrylic, cotton and mixtures of synthetic and natural fibers or man-made fibers such as cellulosic fibers are used.
  • additives in the impregnation or coating can be used conventional additives, eg. B. coloring pigments.
  • an acrylic fabric having a basis weight of 300 g / m 2 was used, this fabric being made of spun-dyed staple fiber yarns.
  • a washing process for the substrate wherein removal of residual substances such as spin finishes is effected by this washing of the raw fabric by means of a jigger or Continuewaschvons.
  • the following step consists in a pre-impregnation, which on the one hand ensures that in the subsequent coating process, the coating agent film can be applied over the entire surface, on the other hand, the fungicide is well distributed in the tissue.
  • the antifungal agent is contained in an amount of 20 to 40 g - preferably 30 g - per liter of water and a water repellent in an amount of 4 to 10 g - for example 7 g - per liter of water.
  • the hydrophobizing agent causes the coating agent to be applied in a film-like manner to the surface of the fabric in the following step.
  • This amount is to be understood as the amount of solids which is contained in dissolved form in an aqueous solution of 100 g total weight, which is used per m 2 of tissue to be coated.
  • the similar fungicides in a concentration of 3 to 5% - in this example 4% - ie 4 g in 100 g aqueous dispersion.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
EP20050009159 2004-05-03 2005-04-26 Beschichtete, wasserdampfdurchlässige und pilzresistente Gewebe Active EP1593775B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200410021520 DE102004021520B4 (de) 2004-05-03 2004-05-03 Beschichtete, wasserdampfdurchlässige und pilzresistente Gewebe
DE102004021520 2004-05-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1593775A1 EP1593775A1 (de) 2005-11-09
EP1593775B1 true EP1593775B1 (de) 2008-10-29

Family

ID=34935780

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20050009159 Active EP1593775B1 (de) 2004-05-03 2005-04-26 Beschichtete, wasserdampfdurchlässige und pilzresistente Gewebe

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US7820561B2 (da)
EP (1) EP1593775B1 (da)
AT (1) ATE412797T1 (da)
CA (1) CA2505644A1 (da)
DE (2) DE102004021520B4 (da)
DK (1) DK1593775T3 (da)
ES (1) ES2313144T3 (da)
HR (1) HRP20080632T3 (da)
PT (1) PT1593775E (da)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007039263A1 (de) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Sattler Ag Selbstklebendes Printmedium
US8795780B2 (en) * 2011-08-04 2014-08-05 Soon Kie JUNG Textile fabric sheet having stain and liquid resistance and the preparation method thereof
US10477931B2 (en) 2014-06-25 2019-11-19 Yen-Lin Tsai Sunshade and method of preparing a canopy
US9717313B2 (en) 2014-06-25 2017-08-01 Yen-Lin Tsai Sunshade and method of preparing a canopy
EP2960366B1 (en) * 2014-06-25 2017-02-15 Yen-Lin Tsai Sunshade and method of preparing a canopy
DE102015012015A1 (de) * 2015-08-05 2017-02-09 Ewald Dörken Ag Mehrschichtverbundfolie, vorzugsweise für den Baubereich
CA2902325A1 (en) * 2015-08-28 2017-02-28 Bk Promotions Inc. Waterproof and uv-resistant form-fitting cover made of stretchable fabric

Family Cites Families (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2367606A1 (fr) * 1976-10-18 1978-05-12 Adidas Chaussures Nouveau
JPS6047954B2 (ja) * 1978-12-06 1985-10-24 東レ株式会社 コ−テイング布帛およびその製造方法
DE3633874A1 (de) * 1986-10-04 1988-04-14 Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung mit polyurethan beschichteter textiler flaechengebilde, mit polyurethan beschichtete textile flaechengebilde und ihre verwendung zur herstellung atmungsaktiver und wasserabweisender ausruestungen
DE4301166C2 (de) * 1993-01-19 1997-12-18 Mehler Tech Textilien Gmbh Textiles Gewebe für Markisen, Schirme, Zelte, Persennings und dergleichen sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE4422140A1 (de) * 1994-06-27 1996-01-11 Mehler Vario System Gmbh Zeltstoff insbesondere für den militärischen Bereich
US6251210B1 (en) * 1996-08-07 2001-06-26 Hi-Tex, Inc. Treated textile fabric
US5747392A (en) * 1996-11-19 1998-05-05 Hi-Tex, Inc. Stain resistant, water repellant, interpenetrating polymer network coating-treated textile fabric
US6249696B1 (en) * 1999-01-15 2001-06-19 Medtronic Physio-Control Manufacturing Corp. Method and apparatus for increasing the low frequency dynamic range of a digital ECG measuring system
US6750162B2 (en) * 2000-12-01 2004-06-15 Safety Components Fabric Technologies, Inc. Treated fabric for luggage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HRP20080632T3 (en) 2009-01-31
US7820561B2 (en) 2010-10-26
DE102004021520B4 (de) 2008-07-03
DK1593775T3 (da) 2009-03-09
ATE412797T1 (de) 2008-11-15
PT1593775E (pt) 2009-01-02
DE502005005776D1 (de) 2008-12-11
CA2505644A1 (en) 2005-11-03
EP1593775A1 (de) 2005-11-09
US20060003650A1 (en) 2006-01-05
DE102004021520A1 (de) 2005-12-01
ES2313144T3 (es) 2009-03-01

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