EP1559847B1 - Elément de tension pour la confection d'un ancrage - Google Patents

Elément de tension pour la confection d'un ancrage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1559847B1
EP1559847B1 EP05102789.4A EP05102789A EP1559847B1 EP 1559847 B1 EP1559847 B1 EP 1559847B1 EP 05102789 A EP05102789 A EP 05102789A EP 1559847 B1 EP1559847 B1 EP 1559847B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
anchoring
end portion
cross
tension element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP05102789.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1559847A1 (fr
Inventor
Herve Belbeoc'h
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VSL International Ltd
Original Assignee
VSL International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VSL International Ltd filed Critical VSL International Ltd
Priority to EP05102789.4A priority Critical patent/EP1559847B1/fr
Publication of EP1559847A1 publication Critical patent/EP1559847A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1559847B1 publication Critical patent/EP1559847B1/fr
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/127—The tensile members being made of fiber reinforced plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/125—Anchoring devices the tensile members are profiled to ensure the anchorage, e.g. when provided with screw-thread, bulges, corrugations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/58—Prestressed concrete piles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of anchors in civil engineering, in particular blind anchors which are accessible only from one side.
  • the patent EP-0.351.582 shows an anchor accessible from one side only; the drawback of the device described here being that each tension element, respectively the tube into which they are introduced, is held only by longitudinal adhesion, which greatly limits the tensile force that can be supported by such an anchoring and leads to a length very important anchoring to obtain a sufficient grip surface.
  • the patent US-4,043,133 provides a sheathing tube for the tension elements maintained only by longitudinal adhesion in the surrounding soil. The tension elements protrude from the lower end of the tube and are all attached to an anchor plate, without the manner in which the latter plate is introduced into the cavity as well as the manner in which the tension elements are fixed to said plate are described. In the case where this embodiment would be feasible, the transmission of the anchoring force of the end of the tension elements in the surrounding soil through the sheathing tube injected is carried out only by longitudinal adhesion, without benefiting from the wedge effect as described in the invention below.
  • the document DE-A- 44 37 104 relates to the realization of an anchoring of more than one tension element, said anchoring being accessible only from one side.
  • the document CH 300 486 relates to a tension element intended for making an anchor in concrete.
  • This tension element consists of a pull rod, one end of which is intended to be anchored in concrete, is provided with an end portion, the cross section of which is, in two spaced locations, greater than the cross section of the rod traction.
  • tension element is not suitable for making an anchor in a cavity accessible from one side only by an elongated conduit.
  • the irregular shape of the end portion can cause untimely blockages during the successive introduction of the tensioning elements.
  • a first object of the invention is to propose a tension element which overcomes this drawback.
  • an anchoring cavity of determined shape is essentially oblong, tapered, with a first open end, on the accessible side of the anchoring and a second closed end, on the non-accessible side of the anchoring.
  • the cross section of the first end of the anchor must be less than another cross section of the cavity, whether this section corresponds to that of the second end or to an intermediate section of the cavity.
  • a first means consists in using an anchoring part, comprising a prefabricated internal cavity having the desired shape of the anchoring cavity.
  • a preferred embodiment of such an anchor is shown in the figure 1 .
  • the anchoring part 1 essentially consists of a wall 10, preferably thin, limiting an internal cavity 11.
  • a first end of the anchoring part 1, ie the upper end of the part in the figure, has an opening 12, as well as means 13 for fixing a tubular protective sheath of the tension elements, the usefulness of which will be described below.
  • the other end of the anchoring part 1 is closed by a bottom wall 14.
  • the external shape of the anchoring part 1, respectively of the internal cavity 11 is essentially tapered, for example in the form of a truncated cone or pyramid , with the smallest cross section close to the opening 12 and the strongest cross section close to the bottom wall 14.
  • An inlet orifice 15 is arranged near the bottom wall 14, a tube injection 16 being fixed or capable of being fixed to said intake orifice.
  • an evacuation orifice 17 is arranged near the opening 12, an evacuation tube 18 being fixed or capable of being fixed to said evacuation orifice.
  • the tapered outer surface, respectively in truncated cone or pyramid, of the anchoring piece 1 comprises one or more anchoring rings 19 arranged on the periphery of said surface, the aim of which is to improve the transmission and the distribution of the anchoring force in the surrounding structure.
  • the embodiment shown in the figure comprises two such rings 19.
  • the anchoring part 1 can be made of synthetic material, metal or concrete, its dimensions essentially depending on the size of the anchoring considered.
  • the figure 2A shows the first step in the manufacturing process of an anchor according to the invention using such an anchor. While the surrounding concrete structure is not yet made, an anchor piece 1 is placed at the exact location where the anchor is to be made, the opening 12 being directed towards the future tension elements.
  • the anchoring piece 1 is held in place by temporary scaffolding or preferably by irons 20 of the concrete reinforcement.
  • the concrete structure 2 which has to support the anchoring has been concreted in a conventional manner around the anchoring part 1.
  • the anchoring part 1 is thus entirely surrounded and maintained in the concrete structure 2, with the exception its first end provided with the opening 12 which comes flush with the upper surface of the concrete structure 2 or which, as shown here, protrudes slightly above said upper surface of the concrete structure 2, as well as the ends of the injection 16 and evacuation 18 tubes which remain accessible outside the concrete structure 2.
  • a cavity 11, of determined shape was obtained inside a concrete structure 2.
  • this cavity 11 was obtained by using a part anchor 1 provided with a prefabricated cavity.
  • the same cavity 11 in a concrete structure 2 can also be obtained in other ways, for example by making it on site.
  • the formwork is dismantled by acting from the opening 12 and is extracted from the cavity 11 by the same opening.
  • the cavity 11 can be obtained by drilling a cavity 11 of the desired shape in an existing structure 2. This latter way of drilling is rather reserved for cases of anchoring directly in the ground or for installing a new anchoring on an existing structure 2.
  • the cavity 11, obtained in any of the ways described, has two important dimensions, a passage surface of the opening 12 called S12 and a maximum cross-sectional area called S11 (see figure 1 ).
  • the structural element to be prestressed 3 is laid or concreted, in a known manner, over the concrete structure 2, said structural element 3 preferably comprising a duct or a sheathing tube 30, one end of which faces the opening 12 to be fixed on the fixing means 13 adjoining said opening.
  • the cross section of the cladding tube 30 or of the duct arranged in the structural element 3 for the tensioning elements essentially corresponds to the section of the opening 12 of the cavity 11.
  • the cladding tube 30 or the corresponding duct arranged in the structural element 3 comprises at least one injection orifice 31, connected to an injection tube 32, at least one of said orifices 31 being preferably arranged near the end of the tube 30 close to the opening 12 , as well as at least one discharge orifice connected to a discharge tube, at least one of said discharge orifices being disposed near the other end (not visible in the figure) of the tube 30, respectively of structural element 3.
  • the fourth stage, shown at 2D figure consists in introducing the tension elements.
  • the tension element 4 essentially consists of a pull rod 40 and an end portion 41.
  • the end portion 41 on the pull rod 40 is designed such that said end portion 41 has a cross-sectional area S41 larger than the cross-sectional area S40 of the pull rod 40, for the reasons which will be explained below.
  • the other end of the pull rod 40 has no end portion of this type and is formed for normal anchoring, known in the art.
  • the traction rod 40 can be of any known type, consisting either of a unitary strand, or of a plurality of strands assembled helically to form a traction cable.
  • the unitary strand or strands assembled to form the draw rod 40 may be of steel, of preferably a high tensile strength steel or synthetic material, for example based on carbon fibers or Kevlar.
  • the end portion 41 may consist of an end piece 41, metallic or made of synthetic material which is firmly fixed to the end of the pull rod 40.
  • the choice of the material of the end piece 41 thus that its method of attachment to the pull rod 40 depends essentially on the material as well as on the way in which the pull rod 40 is made up.
  • the end piece 41 essentially comprises a central body 42, limited by an upper portion 43 and a lower portion 44.
  • the central body may have a straight cylindrical shape, with a circular cross section as in the figure 3A or polygonal or a tapered form of a truncated cone or pyramid, with a circular cross section, or polygonal as on the figure 3B .
  • the portion of smaller section is that adjacent to the upper portion 43.
  • the two portions 43 and 44 are preferably curved or formed from inclined planes, so as to facilitate the sliding of a portion d end being installed on another end portion already installed, as will be seen below.
  • the end portion 41 can be formed by deformation or machining directly on the end of the pull rod 40.
  • the Figures 3C and 3D show examples of such end portions.
  • the pull rod 40 is made up of a unitary strand and the end portion 41 is obtained by deformation, for example by forging, stamping or stamping, of the end of the pull rod 40.
  • the 3D figure shows an example of end portion 41 obtained on a pull rod 40 made up of assembled strands. In this example, the end of each strand has been moved from its normal position, a ring or a ligature may be provided just before this separation in order to prevent untwisting of the rest of the traction cable.
  • the separated ends of the strands can be held in position by a complementary retaining piece 45, for example a circular disc welded or fixed in any way under the separated strands or else can be left free.
  • the part for holding the strands apart may be constituted by an element having the form of two conical portions joined together by their base, a first conical portion being introduced between the strands to separate them, while the second conical portion has the same use as the lower portion 44 described above.
  • the end portion 41 it can also have a circular or polygonal shape and include the upper and lower portions 43 and 44 as described above.
  • the figure 2E shows the usefulness of the curved or inclined shape which can be provided on the upper 43 and lower 44 portions of the end piece 41.
  • a tension element 4 When a tension element 4 is being installed, it is very possible that its end piece 41 abuts against another end piece of an already installed tension element. Due to the curved or inclined shape of said portions, the second end piece does not get stuck against the first but is moved away from it and slides against it until it finds its final position next to the latter.
  • the figure 2F shows that after a certain number of tension elements have been installed, a new end piece to be installed may not find its place at the bottom of the cavity 11; in this case, it is sufficient, for the tension element in question to fully fulfill its role subsequently, for the end piece to be pushed as low as possible into the cavity, until it comes into abutment against one or more parts already installed or against the side wall of the cavity.
  • the cavity 11 is filled until the liquid mass introduced reaches the level of the discharge orifice 17.
  • the material contained in the cavity 11 then hardens in order to form a rigid block of high mechanical resistance 5 in which the end pieces 41 as well as the ends of the pull rods 40 are embedded.
  • the tension elements 4 are each subjected to traction until the prescribed prestress tension value is reached.
  • This tensioning is carried out in a conventional manner, by acting on the other end of each tension element 4, respectively of each tension rod 40, the tension elements being pretensioned simultaneously or sequentially.
  • the tapered, frustoconical or pyramidal shape of the cavity 11, respectively of the hardened mass in which the end pieces 41 and the ends of the rods 40 of the tensioning elements 4 are embedded allows a effective wedge anchoring in the surrounding concrete structure 2.
  • this wedge shape prevents any axial displacement of the hardened mass 5 and causes transmission of the anchoring forces in the surrounding structure 2 by axial compression and not by simple adhesion.
  • the length of this anchoring is therefore favorably reduced.
  • (N x S41) * generally represents the area generated by the envelope of the bundle of N pieces of assembled ends, each having a cross-sectional area S41.
  • the individual sections S41 and the passage section S12 must be dimensioned for blocking the end pieces 41 when the tensile force is exerted simultaneously on all the tension elements 4.
  • the empty space inside the sheathing tube 30, respectively inside the duct arranged in the structural element 3 can be filled with another sealing material 60 by the injection tube or tubes 32 and the injection port (s) 31 in order to preserve the tightness of the pretended system and to prevent corrosion of the pretension elements.
  • This last step is also optional, depending on whether such protection 6 is required or necessary.
  • This type of anchoring lends itself particularly well to a pre-stressed anchoring of a pre-stressed structural element 3. It can also lend itself to an anchoring of non-pre-stressed tension elements, such as for example shrouds for retaining a mast or of a pylon, the shrouds then being able not to be protected by a protective tube 30.
  • non-pre-stressed tension elements such as for example shrouds for retaining a mast or of a pylon, the shrouds then being able not to be protected by a protective tube 30.
  • the cavity 11 is arranged in a surrounding concrete structure, a drilling in the ground or in rock allowing provision can also be made for obtaining a required cavity. The description has been made for a cavity whose longitudinal axis is essentially vertical, with its opening 12 upwards. Other geometrical arrangements are also possible, the dimensions of the cavity 11 being to be adapted in order to obtain sufficient filling of the cavity 11 with the sealing liquid 50.
EP05102789.4A 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Elément de tension pour la confection d'un ancrage Expired - Lifetime EP1559847B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05102789.4A EP1559847B1 (fr) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Elément de tension pour la confection d'un ancrage

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98810096A EP0935034B1 (fr) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Procédé de confection d'un ancrage, pièce d'ancrage et élément de tension à cet effet
EP05102789.4A EP1559847B1 (fr) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Elément de tension pour la confection d'un ancrage

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98810096A Division EP0935034B1 (fr) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Procédé de confection d'un ancrage, pièce d'ancrage et élément de tension à cet effet

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1559847A1 EP1559847A1 (fr) 2005-08-03
EP1559847B1 true EP1559847B1 (fr) 2020-03-25

Family

ID=8235928

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98810096A Expired - Lifetime EP0935034B1 (fr) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Procédé de confection d'un ancrage, pièce d'ancrage et élément de tension à cet effet
EP05102789.4A Expired - Lifetime EP1559847B1 (fr) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Elément de tension pour la confection d'un ancrage

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98810096A Expired - Lifetime EP0935034B1 (fr) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Procédé de confection d'un ancrage, pièce d'ancrage et élément de tension à cet effet

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (3) US6216403B1 (zh)
EP (2) EP0935034B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP3215381B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100385237B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1152995C (zh)
AU (1) AU748723B2 (zh)
DE (1) DE69837524T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2285752T3 (zh)
HK (1) HK1022007A1 (zh)
NO (1) NO323179B1 (zh)

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ES2285752T3 (es) 2007-11-16
KR19990072472A (ko) 1999-09-27
US20010007185A1 (en) 2001-07-12
DE69837524D1 (de) 2007-05-24
JP3215381B2 (ja) 2001-10-02
EP0935034A1 (fr) 1999-08-11
EP0935034B1 (fr) 2007-04-11
KR100385237B1 (ko) 2003-05-23
DE69837524T2 (de) 2007-12-20
NO990557L (no) 1999-08-10
EP1559847A1 (fr) 2005-08-03
NO323179B1 (no) 2007-01-15
CN1225969A (zh) 1999-08-18
AU748723B2 (en) 2002-06-13
AU1318499A (en) 1999-08-26
JP2000064434A (ja) 2000-02-29
HK1022007A1 (en) 2000-07-21
US6216403B1 (en) 2001-04-17
CN1152995C (zh) 2004-06-09
US20020078643A1 (en) 2002-06-27
NO990557D0 (no) 1999-02-05

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