EP1554365B1 - Verwendung von hydrocarbylvinyletherhomopolymeren zur verbesserung der wirkung von kaltfliessverbesserern - Google Patents

Verwendung von hydrocarbylvinyletherhomopolymeren zur verbesserung der wirkung von kaltfliessverbesserern Download PDF

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EP1554365B1
EP1554365B1 EP03748128A EP03748128A EP1554365B1 EP 1554365 B1 EP1554365 B1 EP 1554365B1 EP 03748128 A EP03748128 A EP 03748128A EP 03748128 A EP03748128 A EP 03748128A EP 1554365 B1 EP1554365 B1 EP 1554365B1
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fuel
fuel oil
cold flow
oil composition
component
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EP1554365A1 (de
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Wolfgang Ahlers
Uwe Rebholz
Jan Van Trier
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BASF SE
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    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of hydrocarbyl vinyl ether homopolymers to improve the effect of cold flow improvers for fuel oil compositions. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of an additive comprising such a polymer and a conventional Kaltf adoptedverbeserer to reduce the CFPP value and optionally further to reduce the CFPP2 value and / or the aspiration value of a fuel oil composition.
  • Paraffinic waxes containing mineral oils and crude oils show a significant deterioration in the flow properties when the temperature is lowered.
  • the reason for this lies in the crystallization of longer-chain paraffins occurring from the cloud point temperature (cloud point), which form large platelet-shaped wax crystals. These wax crystals have a sponge-like structure and lead to the inclusion of other fuel constituents in the crystal composite.
  • This additional CFPP occurs during the return of a filtered fuel oil from the pipette of the analyzer (see EN 116 German version 1997, item 4, penultimate sentence, 2nd half-sentence) and is reached when the pipette on reaching the next lower test temperature (lowered by 1 degree) is not completely emptied.
  • a so-called aspiration value (a temperature value) can be determined, which manifests itself in the determination of the CFPP value according to EN 116 in the temporary increase in the filling time of the pipette, which subsequently progressively before reaching the actual CFPP value decreases (see EN 116, German version 1997, points 10.1.9 and 10.2.6, note).
  • Both CFPP2 and aspiration value cause a reduction in fuel oil quality.
  • the DE-A-2 047 448 describes an additive mixture of polyvinyl ethers with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers to improve the pumpability of crude oils. The use in fuel oils is not described.
  • the EP-A-0360419 describes the use of C 1 -C 17 alkyl vinyl ether homo- or copolymers as cold flow improvers for fuel oils.
  • the DE-A-2047448 describes the use of a blend of polyvinyl ethers and ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers to improve the pumpability of paraffinic base oils.
  • the DE-A-2062023 describes the use of a mixture of (A) a polymer having aliphatic side chains having at least 14 carbon atoms and (B) a copolymer of ethylene and an olefinically unsaturated aliphatic C 3 -C 6 monomer to lower the pour point of crude oils and fuels ,
  • Suitable polymers (A) include, among many others, alkyl vinyl ether polymers; however, only one acrylic acid ester polymer is exemplified.
  • the GB 1,154,966 describes the use of polymers of monoolefinically unsaturated aliphatic compounds having a linear hydrocarbon side chain of at least 18 carbon atoms for lowering the pour point of waxy fuel oils.
  • Suitable polymers include vinyl ether homopolymers.
  • a disadvantage of the additives of the prior art is that they sometimes or only slightly reduce the CFPP value of fuel oils.
  • the prior art does not describe additives which have an effect on the CFPP2 and / or aspiration value of the fuel oils.
  • Object of the present invention was therefore to further improve the effect of conventional cold flow improvers.
  • the additive should improve the effect of cold flow improvers on reducing the CFPP of fuel oil compositions and, if appropriate, lead to a reduction or elimination of CFPP2 values and / or to avoid aspiration effects.
  • the object has been achieved by the use of a homopolymer of a hydrocarbyl vinyl ether to improve the effect of cold flow improvers for fuel oil compositions selected from copolymers of ethylene with at least one vinyl carboxylic acid ester, wherein the weight ratio of effector to cold flow improver is from 1: 5 to 1: 500.
  • hydrocarbyl is a hydrocarbon radical which is bonded to the ether function of the vinyl ether via a carbon atom.
  • the hydrocarbon radical may be, for example, an aliphatic radical such as alkyl and alkenyl optionally substituted with at least one aromatic and / or alicyclic radical, an alicyclic radical such as cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl, optionally with at least one aromatic and / or aliphatic radical Substituted radical, or an aromatic radical which is optionally substituted by at least one aliphatic and / or alicyclic radical act.
  • the aliphatic and alicyclic radicals may be interrupted by at least one grouping O, S, NR 5 , or CO.
  • the hydrocarbon radical may be further substituted by at least one radical such as OR 5 , SR 5 , NR 5 R 6 , COR 5 , COOR 5 or CONR 5 R 6 , wherein the radicals R 5 and R 6 are as defined below.
  • C 1 -C 40 -alkyl is in particular methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, Pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, docosyl, tricosyl, tetracosyl, pentacosyl, hexacosyl, heptacosyl, octacosyl, Nonacosyl, squaly
  • C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is in particular methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butylp-sec-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl.
  • aryl is preferably C 6 -C 14 -aryl, such as phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl and phenanthryl, where the aryl radical is optionally substituted by one or more radicals selected from C 1 -C 40 -alkyl, OR 5 , SR 5 , NR 5 R 6 , COOR 5 , CONR 5 R 6 and aryl.
  • R 1 is preferably C 1 -C 40 -alkyl, more preferably C 1 -C 30 -alkyl and in particular C 2 -C 22 -alkyl.
  • the alkyl radical is preferably less branched or linear, in particular linear. Furthermore, the alkyl radical is neither interrupted nor substituted by the groups listed above.
  • R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are preferably H.
  • preferred compounds of the formula I have a number-average molecular weight Mn in the range from about 1000 to 20,000, in particular 2,000 to 20,000, preferably 3,000 to 15,000.
  • Suitable vinylcarboxylic esters are, for example, the vinyl esters of carboxylic acids having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, the hydrocarbon radical of which may be linear or branched.
  • carboxylic acids with a branched hydrocarbon radical preference is given to those whose branching is in the ⁇ -position to the carboxyl group, the ⁇ -carbon atom being particularly preferably tertiary, ie the carboxylic acid being a so-called neocarboxylic acid.
  • the hydrocarbon radical of the carboxylic acid is linear.
  • vinylcarboxylic esters examples include vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl neopentanoate, vinyl hexanoate, vinyl neononanoate, vinyl neodecanoate.
  • a particularly preferred alkenyl carboxylic acid ester is vinyl acetate.
  • copolymers which contain two or more mutually different alkenylcarboxylic acid esters in copolymerized form, these differing in the alkenyl function and / or in the carboxylic acid group. Also suitable are copolymers which, in addition to the alkenylcarboxylic ester (s), contain at least one olefin and / or at least one (meth) acrylic acid ester in copolymerized form.
  • Suitable olefins are, for example, those having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and having 1 to 3, preferably 1 or 2, in particular having one, carbon-carbon double bond.
  • the carbon-carbon double bond can be arranged both terminally ( ⁇ -olefin) and internally.
  • ⁇ -olefins particularly preferably ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as propene, 1-butene, 1-pentene and 1-hexene.
  • Suitable (meth) acrylic esters are, for example, esters of (meth) acrylic acid with C 1 -C 10 -alkanols, in particular with methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, pentanol, hexanol, Heptanol, octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, nonanol and decanol.
  • the ethylenically unsaturated monomer is copolymerized in the copolymer in an amount of preferably from 1 to 30 mol%, particularly preferably from 1 to 25 mol% and in particular from 5 to 20 mol%, based on the total copolymer.
  • the copolymer a) preferably has a number average molecular weight M n of from 500 to 20,000, particularly preferably from 1000 to 15,000.
  • Preferred comb polymers are obtainable, for example, by the copolymerization of maleic anhydride or fumaric acid with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer, for example with an ⁇ -olefin or an unsaturated ester, such as vinyl acetate, and subsequent esterification of the anhydride or acid function with an alcohol of at least 10 carbon atoms.
  • Other preferred comb polymers are copolymers of ⁇ -olefins and esterified comonomers, for example, esterified copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride or esterified copolymers of styrene and fumaric acid. Also mixtures of comb polymers are suitable.
  • Comb polymers may also be polyfumarates or polymaleinates.
  • Preferred polyoxyalkylene compounds of the formula III in which both R 9 and R 10 are R 11 are polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having a number average molecular weight of 100 to 5,000.
  • Preferred polyoxyalkylenes of the formula III in which one of the radicals R 9 and R 10 is R 11 and the other R 11 is -CO- are polyoxyalkylene esters of fatty acids having 10 to 30 carbon atoms, such as stearic acid or behenic acid.
  • Preferred polyoxyalkylene compounds in which both R 9 and R 10 are a radical R 11 -CO- are diesters of fatty acids having 10 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably stearic or behenic acid.
  • the polar nitrogen compounds d which are suitably oil soluble, may be both ionic and nonionic and preferably have at least one, more preferably at least 2, substituents of the formula> NR 12 wherein R 12 is a C 8 -C 40 hydrocarbon radical ,
  • the nitrogen substituents may also be quaternized, that is in cationic form.
  • An example of such nitrogen compounds are ammonium salts and / or amides obtainable by reacting at least one amine substituted with at least one hydrocarbyl radical with a carboxylic acid having 1 to 4 carboxyl groups or with a suitable derivative thereof.
  • the amines preferably contain at least one linear C 8 -C 40 -alkyl radical.
  • Suitable primary amines are octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, undecylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine and the higher linear homologs.
  • Suitable secondary amines are, for example, dioctadecylamine and methylbehenylamine.
  • amine mixtures in particular industrially available amine mixtures, such as fatty amines or hydrogenated tallamines, as described, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 6th edition, 2000 electronic release, chapter "Amines, aliphatic".
  • Suitable acids for the reaction are, for example, cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, cyclopentane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and succinic acids substituted by long-chain hydrocarbon radicals.
  • A is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from O, S , NR and CO
  • R 13 and R 14 are a C 9 -C 40 hydrocarbon radical optionally interrupted by one or more groups selected from O, S, NR 5 and CO, and / or is substituted by one or more substituents selected from OH, SH and NR 5 R 6 , wherein R 5 and R 6 are as defined above.
  • A is a methylene or polymethylene group having 2 to 20 methylene units.
  • radicals R 13 and R 14 are 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 2-ketopropyl, ethoxyethyl and propoxypropyl.
  • the cyclic system can be either homocyclic, heterocyclic, condensed polycyclic or non-condensed polycyclic systems.
  • the ring system is carbo- or heteroaromatic, in particular carboaromatic.
  • polycyclic ring systems examples include condensed benzoic structures, such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene, condensed non-benzoidic structures, such as azulene, indene, hydrindene and fluorene, uncondensed polycycles, such as diphenyl, heterocycles, such as quinoline, indole, dihydroindole, benzofuran, Coumarin, isocoumarin, benzthiophene, carbazole, diphenylene oxide and diphenylene sulfide, non-aromatic or partially saturated ring systems such as decalin, and three-dimensional structures such as ⁇ -pinene, camphene, bornylene, norborane, norbornene, bicyclooctane and bicyclooctene.
  • condensed benzoic structures such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene
  • Suitable polar nitrogen compounds are condensates of long-chain primary or secondary amines with carboxyl group-containing polymers.
  • Suitable poly (meth) acrylic esters f) are both homo- and copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic acid esters. Preferred are copolymers of at least two mutually different (meth) acrylic acid esters, which differ with respect to the fused alcohol. Optionally, the copolymer contains another, different olefinically unsaturated monomer in copolymerized form. The weight average molecular weight of the polymer is preferably from 50000 to 500000.
  • a particularly preferred polymer is a copolymer of methacrylic acid and methacrylic esters of saturated C 14 - and C 15 alcohols, wherein the acid groups are neutralized with hydrogenated tallow amine.
  • Suitable poly (meth) acrylic esters are, for example, in WO 00/44857 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • Copolymers of ethylene with at least one further ethylenically unsaturated monomer a) are preferably used as the cold flow improver.
  • preferred copolymers reference is made to the statements made above.
  • Fuel oil compositions are preferably fuels. Suitable fuels are gasolines and middle distillates, such as diesel fuels, heating oil or kerosene, with diesel fuel and heating oil being preferred.
  • the fuel oils are, for example, low-sulfur or high-sulfur petroleum refines or stone or lignite distillates, which usually have a boiling range of 150 to 400 ° C.
  • the heating oils are preferably low-sulfur heating oils, for example those having a sulfur content of at most 0.1% by weight, preferably of at most 0.05% by weight, more preferably of at most 0.005% by weight, and in particular of at most 0.001% by weight.
  • the diesel fuels are, for example, petroleum raffinates, which usually have a boiling range of 100 to 400 ° C. These are mostly distillates with a 95% point up to 360 ° C or even beyond. However, these may also be so-called “ultra low sulfur diesel” or "city diesel", characterized by a 95% point of, for example, a maximum of 345 ° C and a maximum sulfur content of 0.005 wt .-% or by a 95% point of, for example 285 ° C and a maximum sulfur content of 0.001 wt .-%.
  • those obtainable by coal gasification or gas liquefaction (“gas to liquid” (GTL) fuels) are suitable.
  • GTL gas to liquid
  • mixtures of the abovementioned diesel fuels with regenerative fuels such as biodiesel or bioethanol.
  • the additive mixture according to the invention is particularly preferably used for the addition of low-sulfur diesel fuels, that is to say having a sulfur content of less than 0.05% by weight, preferably less than 0.02% by weight, in particular less than 0.005% by weight. % and especially less than 0.001% by weight of sulfur or for the addition of heating oil with a low sulfur content, for example with a sulfur content of at most 0.1% by weight, preferably of at most 0.05% by weight, particularly preferably of at most 0.005 Wt .-%, and in particular of at most 0.001 wt .-%, used.
  • the hydrocarbyl vinyl ether homopolymer (performance modifier) is preferably used in a proportion based on the total amount of the fuel oil composition, which in itself has substantially no influence on the cold flow properties of the fuel oil compositions. More preferably, the effect enhancer is used in an amount of from 0.0001 to 0.005% by weight, especially from 0.0001 to 0.001% by weight, based on the total amount of the fuel oil composition.
  • the weight ratio of effect enhancer to cold flow improver is preferably 1: 5 to 1: 500, more preferably 1: 9 to 1: 500, especially 1:19 to 1: 500 and especially 1:24 to 1: 200.
  • the additive mixtures used according to the invention serve to improve the cold flow properties of fuel oil compositions, such as, for example, the lowering of the cloud point, the pour point, the viscosity and in particular the CFPP value.
  • the weight ratio of component A to component B is 1: 9 to 1: 500, more preferably 1:15 to 1: 500, even more preferably 1:20 to 1: 500 and especially 1:24 to 1: 200.
  • the present invention is a fuel oil composition
  • a fuel oil composition comprising a major amount of a hydrocarbon fuel and an effective amount of an additive mixture as defined above and optionally at least one further conventional additive.
  • the subject of the present application is an additive concentrate containing an additive mixture as defined above and at least one diluent and optionally at least one further additive.
  • Suitable diluents are, for example, fractions obtained in petroleum processing, such as kerosene, naphtha or bright stock. Also suitable are aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and alkoxyalkanols. When middle distillates, especially in diesel fuels and heating oils preferably used diluents are naphtha, kerosene, diesel fuels, aromatic hydrocarbons such as Solvent Naphtha heavy, Solvesso ® or Shellsol ®, as well as mixtures of these solvents and diluents.
  • the novel additive mixture is preferably present in the concentrates in an amount of from 0.1 to 80% by weight, more preferably from 1 to 70% by weight and in particular from 20 to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the concentrate, in front.
  • Suitable additives which may be included in the fuel or concentrate of the present invention in addition to the additive mixtures of this invention include detergents, corrosion inhibitors, dehazers, demulsifiers, antifoaming agents, antioxidants, metal deactivators, multifunctional stabilizers, cetane improvers, combustion improvers , Dyestuffs, markers, solubilizers, antistatic agents, lubricity improvers, of the foregoing various cold property improving additives such as flow improvers (“MDFI”), paraffin dispersants (“WASA”) and the combination of the latter two additives (“WAFI").
  • MDFI flow improvers
  • WASA paraffin dispersants
  • WAFI combination of the latter two additives
  • hydrocarbyl vinyl ether homopolymers results in an improved effect of common cold flow improvers on the cold flow properties of fuel oil compositions, in particular, more effective reduction of CFPP.
  • the cold flow improvers can be used in significantly lower quantities than previously required.
  • the effects of improving PVE 1 to 4 were used in an amount of 0.5 to 4% by weight of pure substance, based on the amount of cold flow improver.
  • the CFPP values were determined according to EN 116.
  • a commercially available automatic CFPP analyzer such as e.g. available from Walter Herzog GmbH, Lauda-Koenigshofen, Germany, type MP842. See also the operating instructions for determining the CFPP 2 value.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
EP03748128A 2002-10-14 2003-10-13 Verwendung von hydrocarbylvinyletherhomopolymeren zur verbesserung der wirkung von kaltfliessverbesserern Expired - Lifetime EP1554365B1 (de)

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DE10247795 2002-10-14
DE10247795A DE10247795A1 (de) 2002-10-14 2002-10-14 Verwendung von Hydrocarbylvinyletherhomopolymeren zur Verbesserung der Wirkung von Kaltfliessverbesserern
PCT/EP2003/011309 WO2004035715A1 (de) 2002-10-14 2003-10-13 Verwendung von hydrocarbylvinyletherhomopolymeren zur verbesserung der wirkung von kaltfliessverbesserern

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DE50311484D1 (de) 2009-06-10
ATE430186T1 (de) 2009-05-15
CN1705734B (zh) 2011-07-27
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EP1554365A1 (de) 2005-07-20
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