EP1448505A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von ameisensauren formiaten - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung von ameisensauren formiaten

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Publication number
EP1448505A1
EP1448505A1 EP02781295A EP02781295A EP1448505A1 EP 1448505 A1 EP1448505 A1 EP 1448505A1 EP 02781295 A EP02781295 A EP 02781295A EP 02781295 A EP02781295 A EP 02781295A EP 1448505 A1 EP1448505 A1 EP 1448505A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
formic acid
potassium
formate
sodium
formates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02781295A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Slany
Martin Schäfer
Jörn KARL
Michael Röper
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10154715A external-priority patent/DE10154715A1/de
Priority claimed from DE10210730A external-priority patent/DE10210730A1/de
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP1448505A1 publication Critical patent/EP1448505A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/09—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides from carboxylic acid esters or lactones

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the production of formic acid formates.
  • Formic acid formates have an antimicrobial effect and are used, for example, for preservation and
  • Acidification of vegetable and animal substances such as grass, agricultural products or meat, for the treatment of bio-waste or as an additive for animal nutrition.
  • DE 424017 teaches the production of formic sodium formates with different acid contents by introducing sodium formate into aqueous formic acid in a corresponding molar ratio. The corresponding crystals can be obtained by cooling the solution.
  • formic acid potassium formates can be obtained by dissolving potassium carbonate in 90% formic acid to form carbon dioxide.
  • the corresponding solids can be obtained by crystallization.
  • GB 1,505,388 discloses the preparation of carboxylic acid carboxylate solutions by mixing the carboxylic acid with a basic compound of the desired cation in aqueous solution.
  • a basic compound of the desired cation for example, ammonia carboxylate solutions containing ammonia are used as the basic compound in the manufacture of ammonia water.
  • No. 4,261,755 describes the production of formic acid formates by reaction of an excess of formic acid with the hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate of the corresponding cation.
  • WO 96/35657 teaches the production of products which contain disalts of formic acid by mixing potassium, sodium, cesium or ammonium formate, potassium, sodium or cesium hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate or ammonia optionally aqueous formic acid, subsequent cooling of the reaction mixture, filtration of the slurry obtained and drying of the filter cake obtained, and recycling of the filtrate.
  • a disadvantage of the above-mentioned processes is that one mole of formic acid is consumed per mole of formate formed by the reaction with the basic compounds, and is therefore complex, cost-intensive and energy-intensive, based on the entire value chain.
  • the object was therefore to provide a process which no longer has the disadvantages mentioned above, the production of formic acid formates on an industrial scale in high yield, with great flexibility in terms of composition and using readily accessible raw materials, and simple process design with low investment costs allowed.
  • Formic acid formates are compounds and mixtures which contain formate anions (HCOCr), cations (M x + ) and formic acid (HCOOH). They can be present together in the form of a solid or a liquid and optionally also contain further components, such as, for example, further salts, additives or solvents, such as water.
  • HCOCr formate anions
  • M x + cations
  • HCOOH formic acid
  • the formic acid formates can be represented by the general formula
  • M stands for a mono- or polyvalent, inorganic or organic cation
  • x is a positive number and indicates the charge of the cation
  • y represents the molar proportion of formic acid based on the formate anion.
  • the molar proportion of formic acid based on the formate anion y is generally around 0.01 to 100, preferably 0.05 to 20, particularly preferably 0.5 to 5 and in particular 0.9 to 3.1.
  • inorganic or organic cation M * "1" is in principle irrelevant, provided that it is stable under the conditions under which the formic acid formate is to be handled. This includes, for example, the stability towards the reducing formate anion.
  • Possible inorganic cations are the mono- and / or polyvalent metal cations of the metals from group 1 to 14, such as lithium (Li + ), sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ), cesium (Cs + ), magnesium ( Mg 2+ ), calcium (Ca 2+ ), strontium (Sr 2+ ) and barium (Ba 2+ ), preferably sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ), cesium (Cs + ) and calcium (Ca 2+) ) called.
  • Possible organic cations are unsubstituted ammonium (NH + ) and ammonium substituted by one or more carbon-containing radicals, which can optionally also be linked to one another, such as, for example, methylammonium, dimethylammonium, trimethylammonium, ethylmonium, diethylammonium, triethylammonium , Pyrrolidinium, N-Methylpyrrolidinium, Piperidinium, N-Methylpiperidinium or Pyridiniu called.
  • a carbon-containing organic radical is to be understood as an unsubstituted or substituted, aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic radical with 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • the organic radical containing carbon can be a monovalent or also polyvalent, for example di- or trivalent, radical.
  • the basic compound can be inorganic or organic in nature.
  • the basic compound can be a salt or act a covalent bond.
  • the corresponding acid of the corresponding dissociation level is understood to mean the acid formed by the formal addition of a proton (H + ). In the event that the basic compound is a salt, this can generally be represented by the formula
  • M and x have the meaning given under (I) and A corresponds to an inorganic or organic anion with the charge "a-".
  • the corresponding acid of the corresponding dissociation level thus corresponds to HA (a-1 > ⁇ .
  • the corresponding dissociation equation which is relevant for the pK a value to be used , is
  • Suitable basic compounds are the salts M x + a A a ⁇ x (II), in which M + stands for a mono- or polyvalent metal cation of a metal as described above and A a ⁇ for an anion as listed in Table la and the covalent compounds B as listed in Table 1b.
  • ammonium hydrogen carbonate and / or ammonia particularly preferably sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium formate, potassium hydroxide, potassium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium formate and / or ammonia and very particularly preferably sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium formate,
  • potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and / or potassium formate in particular sodium hydroxide, sodium formate, potassium hydroxide and / or potassium formate.
  • the type of addition of the basic compounds is generally immaterial in the process according to the invention. They can be added in solid, liquid or gaseous form, as a pure substance, as a mixture of substances or as a solution. Examples include addition in the form of aqueous solutions (for example aqueous solutions of the alkali metal salts or ammonia water), in the form of solid 45 compounds (for example powder of the alkali metal salts) in gaseous form. called (eg gaseous ammonia). The addition in the form of their aqueous solutions is preferred.
  • the sequence in which the starting materials are added is generally also immaterial in the process according to the invention.
  • the basic compound in solid or liquid form (for example as an aqueous solution " !
  • the methyl formate in liquid or gaseous form with stirring.
  • the methyl formate in liquid form and then the basic form
  • the starting materials can of course also be added in parallel in the desired ratio.
  • the molar ratio of methyl formate to the basic compound is generally insignificant for the process.
  • at least enough methyl formate is used in relation to the basic compound that, due to the reaction stoichiometry, the entire basic compound is converted into formate.
  • the decisive factor for this is the so-called molar equivalent of the basic compound, whereby all dissociation stages, which lead to the addition of protons to corresponding acids, which have a pK a value of> 3, measured at 25 ° C. in aqueous solution, have to be considered.
  • a methyl formate / potassium hydroxide molar ratio of 2.0 leads to the formation of potassium diformate HCOOK * HCOOH, since 1 mol of KOH corresponds to 1 molar equivalent:
  • the reaction product obtained is a mixture comprising formate HCOO-M ⁇ + i / x (without excess formic acid) or formic acid formate (I) HCOO-XP + i / x * y HCOOH and Methanol, if appropriate water and if appropriate reaction products of the basic compound.
  • the methanol formed is separated off from the reaction mixture obtained in the process according to the invention, it being possible, if appropriate, to add further components, for example formic acid, beforehand.
  • the methanol can be removed, for example, by the customary, known processes, such as by evaporation.
  • HC00-M X + 1 X * y HCOOH called, in which a mother liquor containing methanol and formate or formic acid formate is obtained. Methanol can be obtained from this mother liquor by subsequent distillation. The remaining bottom product is advantageously returned to the formate synthesis stage.
  • formic acid can subsequently be added to the mixture obtained.
  • the reaction between the methyl formate, the water and the basic compound is carried out in such a way that initially only formate (without excess of formic acid) or formate with a very small excess of formic acid is formed, the desired acid content of the formic acid formate to be prepared is by adding formic acid adjust. As already mentioned above, the addition can take place before or after the removal of the methanol.
  • a molar ratio of methyl formate "n (methyl formate)" in the fresh feed to the molar equivalent of the basic compound "n '(basic compound)” in the fresh feed " is generally used , taking into account all dissociation stages which are caused by the addition of protons lead to corresponding acids which have a pK a value of> 3, measured at 25 ° C. in aqueous solution, from
  • fresh feed is understood to mean the educt stream supplied from the outside to the production plant for producing the formic acid formates without taking into account any recirculated components.
  • the amount of water to be used in the process according to the invention can vary over a wide range.
  • a concentration of water of 0.1 to 95% by weight, preferably 5 to 80% by weight and particularly preferably 10 to 70% by weight is used in the reaction apparatus in the reaction according to the invention.
  • the freshly supplied amount of water generally corresponds to the stoichiometric amount required for the reaction.
  • the process according to the invention is generally carried out at a temperature from 0 to 150 ° C., preferably from 30 to 120 ° C. and particularly preferably from 50 to 80 ° C.
  • the pressure is generally 0.05 to 1 MPa abs, preferably 0.08 to 0.5 MPa abs and particularly preferably 0.09 to 0.15 MPa abs.
  • reaction apparatuses which are suitable for reactions of the liquid phase can be used as reaction apparatuses.
  • reaction apparatuses include stirred kettles and jet loop reactors.
  • the methanol formed is preferably separated off by evaporation from the reaction mixture. Distillation and stripping are mentioned as suitable methods for evaporation. When distilling the reaction mixture obtained is generally transferred to a batch, semi-batch or continuous column and distilled off there. However, it is also possible to evaporate the methanol from the reaction apparatus after the reaction. In this case, the reaction apparatus is advantageously provided with a distillation attachment. In the stripping, a stripping gas is passed through the reaction mixture. In principle, all gases which are inert to the reaction mixture, such as, for example, air, nitrogen, oxygen, noble gases or mixtures thereof, are suitable as strip gases.
  • the desired water content is generally adjusted after the methanol has been separated off. This is done by adding or distilling water.
  • the mixture obtained after the methanol separation is cooled for crystallization and the formic acid formates which have separated out are separated off.
  • the crystallization mentioned is generally carried out at a temperature in the range from -20 ° C. to + 30 ° C. and preferably from 0 ° C. to 30 ° C. As a rule, the amount of crystallized product increases with falling temperature.
  • the crystallization can in principle be carried out in all known apparatus for this. It can be carried out, for example, directly after the methanol has been separated off in the reaction apparatus, in the column bottom, in a further stirred tank or in a so-called crystallizer.
  • the embodiment mentioned can be used particularly advantageously for the separation of formates containing formic acid, which can be crystallized in the desired composition.
  • Potassium diformate HCOOK * HCOOH
  • sodium diformate HCOONa * HCOOH
  • sodium tetraformate HCOONa * 3 HCOOH
  • mixtures thereof may be mentioned as relevant examples.
  • the crystallized formates or formates which are acidified are generally separated off by the customary and known methods, for example by filtration or centrifugation.
  • the mother liquor obtained after the removal of the formic acid formates is preferably used again in the reaction of methyl formate with water and the basic compound.
  • reaction of methyl formate with water and the basic compound, the removal of methanol and the isolation of the formic acid formates can be carried out discontinuously, semi- done continuously or continuously.
  • the reaction mentioned and the removal of methanol are preferably carried out continuously.
  • kaiium formate HCOOH
  • sodium diformate HCOONa * HCOOH
  • sodium tetraformate HCOONa * 3 HCOOH
  • the formic acid formates are generally prepared in the form of their solutions or in crystalline form as solids. If necessary, they can also be mixed with further components, such as further formate salts.
  • a drying agent for example silicates or starch, to form a particulate compact or various shaped bodies, such as tablets or spheres.
  • the invention furthermore relates to the use of the formic acid formates produced according to the invention for the preservation and / or acidification of vegetable and animal substances.
  • examples include the use of formic acid formates for the conservation and acidification of grass, agricultural plants, fish and fish and meat products, as described, for example, in WO 97/05783, WO 99/12435, WO 00/08929 and WO 01/19207 ,
  • the invention furthermore relates to the use of the formic acid formates produced according to the invention for the treatment of biowaste.
  • the use of formic acid formates for the treatment of biowaste is described, for example, in WO 98/20911.
  • the invention furthermore relates to the use of the formic acid formates produced according to the invention as an additive in animal nutrition and / or as a growth promoter for animals, for example for breeding sows, fattening pigs, poultry, calves and cows.
  • the use mentioned is described for example in WO 96/35337.
  • Preference is given to using the formic acid potassium formates, in particular potassium formate, according to the invention as an additive in animal nutrition and / or as a growth promoter for animals, in particular for breeding sows and fattening pigs.
  • the invention furthermore relates to the use of the formic acid formates produced according to the invention for the preservation and / or acidification of vegetable and animal substances, for the treatment of bid waste and / or as an additive in animal nutrition.
  • Desiccant (Silicate or 0 to 4 0 to 4
  • potassium diformiate produced according to the invention in animal nutrition in the form of a product having the composition 98.0 ⁇ 1% by weight potassium diformate, 1.5 ⁇ 1% by weight silicate and 0.5 ⁇ 0.3% is very particularly preferred. -% Water.
  • an aqueous potassium hydroxide and / or potassium formate solution is placed in a reactor (for example a stirred kettle), heated to the desired temperature of preferably 50 to 80 ° C. and started with stirring the introduction of methyl formate.
  • a reactor for example a stirred kettle
  • the amount of water present was adjusted in such a way that, under the reaction conditions, the entire potassium salt used and also the potassium formate formed are present in solution.
  • the introduction of further potassium salt solution begins in parallel with the supply of methyl formate.
  • the stoichiometry between methyl formate and the potassium salt is still 1: 1.
  • a reactor for example, a stirred tank
  • an aqueous potassium hydroxide and / or potassium formate solution before, heated to the desired temperature of preferably 50 to 80 ° C and begins with stirring with the introduction of methyl formate
  • the amount of water present was adjusted in such a way that all the potassium salt used and also the potassium formate formed were dissolved under the reaction conditions, and after a quantity of 2 mol of methyl formate based on 1 mol of the potassium salt used had been added, the reaction was started in parallel
  • the stoichiometry between methyl formate and the potassium salt is still 2: 1.
  • methanol is continuously distilled off overhead.
  • the methanol obtained can be used again, for example, to prepare methyl formate by carbonylation.
  • the bottom discharge obtained is passed into a crystallization vessel and cooled to a temperature of 10 to 25 ° C., potassium diformate precipitating.
  • the precipitated potassium formate is separated off by filtration or centrifugation and fed to a dryer.
  • the mother liquor which still contains further dissolved potassium formate and formic acid, is continuously returned to the reaction apparatus.
  • the process according to the invention enables the production of formic acid formates on an industrial scale in high yield, with great flexibility in terms of composition and using readily accessible raw materials with simple process design and low investment costs.
  • the process also has the decisive advantage that the formate and, in the preferred embodiment, also the formic acid component of the formic acid formate can be obtained directly from methyl formate without the expensive and expensive detour via the concentrated formic acid.
  • the process according to the invention is therefore simple to carry out in terms of process engineering and, compared with the processes using direct formic acid according to the prior art, has significantly lower investment and energy costs. cost on.
  • the use of high-alloy steels can also be dispensed with, since the formic acid formates are far less corrosive than concentrated formic acid.
  • Both potassium formate samples were now combined, weighed and analyzed for their water and potassium content. A potassium content of 30% by weight and a water content of 2% by weight were determined, which corresponds to the composition of potassium diformate with a residual content of water of crystallization. Corrected for the amount of potassium formate and potassium formate used, a total of 15.5 g (0.12 mol) of potassium formate was obtained.
  • Example 2 was carried out analogously to Example 1 except for the amount of potassium diformate used, which was 0.5 g (corresponds to 0.0038 mol of potassium diformate).
  • the conversion of methyl formate was 72%.
  • the mixed sample of the product which crystallized out and the product obtained by evaporation contained a potassium content of 30% by weight and a water content of 2% by weight. Corrected for the amount of potassium formate and potassium formate used, a total of 15.5 g (0.12 mol) of potassium formate were obtained.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
EP02781295A 2001-11-09 2002-10-29 Verfahren zur herstellung von ameisensauren formiaten Withdrawn EP1448505A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10154715A DE10154715A1 (de) 2001-11-09 2001-11-09 Verfahren zur Herstellung von ameisensauren Formiaten
DE10154715 2001-11-09
DE10210730 2002-03-12
DE10210730A DE10210730A1 (de) 2002-03-12 2002-03-12 Verfahren zur Herstellung von ameisensauren Formiaten
PCT/EP2002/012046 WO2003040078A1 (de) 2001-11-09 2002-10-29 Verfahren zur herstellung von ameisensauren formiaten

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EP1448505A1 true EP1448505A1 (de) 2004-08-25

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US (1) US6906222B2 (ru)
EP (1) EP1448505A1 (ru)
JP (1) JP2005508379A (ru)
KR (1) KR20050042061A (ru)
CN (1) CN1585735A (ru)
AR (1) AR037152A1 (ru)
BR (1) BR0213869A (ru)
CA (1) CA2464762A1 (ru)
MX (1) MXPA04004241A (ru)
NO (1) NO20041886L (ru)
PL (1) PL371065A1 (ru)
RU (1) RU2004117597A (ru)
TW (1) TW200301245A (ru)
WO (1) WO2003040078A1 (ru)

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DE10237380A1 (de) * 2002-08-12 2004-02-19 Basf Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von ameisensauren Formlaten und deren Verwendung
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BR0213869A (pt) 2004-08-31
US20050010067A1 (en) 2005-01-13
US6906222B2 (en) 2005-06-14
CA2464762A1 (en) 2003-05-15
KR20050042061A (ko) 2005-05-04
JP2005508379A (ja) 2005-03-31
MXPA04004241A (es) 2004-07-08
CN1585735A (zh) 2005-02-23
WO2003040078A1 (de) 2003-05-15
PL371065A1 (en) 2005-06-13
NO20041886L (no) 2004-05-07
AR037152A1 (es) 2004-10-27
RU2004117597A (ru) 2006-01-10
TW200301245A (en) 2003-07-01

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