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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/28—Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster or Sunflower family), e.g. chamomile, feverfew, yarrow or echinacea
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
  • A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
  • A61K8/9783—Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
  • A61K8/9789—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/08—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for nausea, cinetosis or vertigo; Antiemetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/14—Prodigestives, e.g. acids, enzymes, appetite stimulants, antidyspeptics, tonics, antiflatulents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
  • A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin

Definitions

• the invention relates to 'extracts from artichoke leaves (folium Cynarae), processes for their preparation and their use in various application fields.
• Primary extracts are usually produced by exhaustive extraction of the fresh or dried leaves at elevated temperature. When extracting with Water is usually required for one part of extract 3 - 8 parts of drug, or 20 - 40 parts of fresh leaves (water content of the fresh leaves: 80 - 90%). The extract yield depends on the quality of the leaves, the extraction conditions and the extracting agent used.
• CCS levels below 6% for primary aqueous extracts can be considered as prior art. Of these, 55 to 69% are mono-CCS and 31 to 45% di-CCS.
• the flavonoid content of aqueous primary extracts is between 0.1% and 1% depending on the drug quality (Table 1).
• Table 1 Total CCS and flavonoid contents as well as proportions of mono-, di-CCS- in the total CCS content in aqueous artichoke leaf dry extracts from commercial preparations (BRAND DAZ 1997; 137: 60-76) and own results according to standard procedures.
• the object of the present invention is to separate the different, in part divergent, activity profiles of aqueous or alcoholic / aqueous primary extracts from one another in order to ensure targeted therapeutic use without undesirable side effects (e.g. a lipid-lowering effect without antidyspeptic effect or vice versa).
• primary extracts are separated by the method according to the invention into two extract fractions A and B, which have a different spectrum of activity. Extract fraction A has a lipid-lowering and cell-protective (antioxidative) effect and an antidyspeptic effect that is no longer present with the primary extract.
• Extract fraction B is a significantly more effective antidyspeptic than the primary extract, but has almost no lipid / cholesterol-lowering properties. Another object is to provide methods for making these extract fractions.
• a first aspect of the invention relates to an extract of artichoke leaves (Cynarae folium), comprising:
• the extract according to the invention has a proportion of mono-CCS below 30%, for example from 3 to 30%, more preferably from 10 to 30% based on the total CCS content, in a further preferred form the ratio of mono-CCS content to flavonoid content is less than 1.
• This extract according to the invention can be obtained by a process for producing an above extract from artichoke leaves (Cynarae folium), comprising the steps:
• Liquid-liquid extraction of a primary extract from fresh or dried artichoke leaves obtained by extraction with water or by extraction with an organic solvent from the series of alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, preferably methanol, ethanol or mixtures of these compounds with water, with a organic solvent
• a non-polar, water-immiscible solvent preferably one from the series of alkanes, alkenes, ethers, esters or chlorinated hydrocarbons; Separation and discarding of the organic phase.
• an extract of artichoke leaves comprising:
• the ratio of mono-CCS content to flavonoid content is preferably between 4 and 35, e.g. between 5 and 35.
• Liquid-liquid extraction of a primary extract from fresh or dried artichoke leaves obtained by extraction with water or by extraction with an organic solvent from the series of alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, preferably methanol, ethanol or mixtures of these compounds with water, with a organic solvents from the series of alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, preferably methanol, ethanol or mixtures of these compounds with water, with a organic solvents from the series of alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, preferably methanol, ethanol or mixtures of these compounds with water, with a organic solvents from the series of alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, preferably methanol, ethanol or mixtures of these compounds with water, with a organic solvents from the series of alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, preferably methanol, ethanol or mixtures of these compounds with water, with a organic solvents from the series of alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, preferably methanol
• the organic solvent for extracting the primary extract is a mixture of 2-butanol and ethyl acetate, the following steps can also be carried out before the process: Concentrate the primary extract volume, or add water to the primary extract until the extract contains over 50% water.
• a non-polar, water-immiscible solvent preferably one from the series of alkanes, alkenes, ethers, esters or chlorinated hydrocarbons; Separation and discarding of the organic phase.
• the above extracts can be used in the manufacture of drugs, foods, dietetic foods and cosmetics.
• the first-mentioned extracts have an antioxidative, cell- and organ-protective effect and can be used for the treatment and prophylaxis of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia, for the treatment and prophylaxis of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis and dementias.
• the extracts according to the second aspect of the present invention have an antiserotonergic, spasmolytic, anticholestatic, choleretic, antiemetic, prokinetic effect and can be used to increase vesicular secretion and fat digestion, to treat dyspepsia and to treat IBS (Irritable Bowl Syndrome) become.
• FIG. 1 shows a typical RP-HPLC chromatogram of an aqueous, primary artichoke leaf dry extract Detailed description of the invention
• the invention is based on the surprising finding that aqueous or aqueous / alcoholic primary extracts according to the invention by extractive liquid-liquid
• extract fractions differ significantly with regard to the absolute and relative content of mono-CCS, di-CCS and flavonoids and because of their pharmacological activity profile.
• extract fraction A The extract components, which can be obtained by evaporating the extracting agent loaded after the extraction, are collectively referred to below as "extract fraction A”.
• extract fraction B The constituents remaining in the water-containing phase are collectively referred to as "extract fraction B”.
• the extract fraction A according to the invention is characterized by the enrichment of lipophilic, or depletion of more hydrophilic compounds of the primary extract. This enrichment or depletion comes from a significantly reduced mono-CCS portion and a greatly reduced mono-
• CCS / flavonoid quotients expressed (see Figure 1 and comparison Table 3 with 7).
• the mono-CCS share of the total CCS of this fraction is below 30%, e.g., regardless of the type of primary extractant. 3 to 30%, preferably 10 to 30% depleted compared to the primary extract.
• Extract fraction A is at least 3%, for example at least for aqueous and for alcoholic / aqueous primary extracts, preferably 7 to 20% for aqueous and alcoholic / aqueous primary extracts.
• the mono-CCS / flavonoid quotient of fraction A is reduced to values less than 1 compared to aqueous and alcoholic / aqueous primary extracts.
• the extract fraction B according to the invention is distinguished by the depletion of lipophilic or the addition of more hydrophilic compounds. This depletion or enrichment is expressed by a significantly increased mono-CCS portion and a greatly increased mono-CCS / flavonoid quotient (see Figure 1 and comparison of Table 3 with 7).
• Total CCS contents of at least 1% are found, usually from 2 to 10% when using aqueous primary extracts and usually 3 to 15% when using alcoholic / aqueous primary extracts.
• the mono CCS share of the total CCS share is at least 70%, e.g. increased at least 75% and mostly over 75% to 85%.
• Extract fraction B is at most 2%, preferably 0.02 to 1.5% for aqueous and alcoholic / aqueous primary extracts.
• the mono-CCS / flavonoid ratio of fraction B is increased to values between 4 and 35 compared to the primary extract regardless of the primary extractant, e.g. between 5 and 35.
• the extractant in the processes according to the invention is a non-aqueous extractant, such as an organic solvent.
• organic solvent examples include alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, aromatics, etc. Aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acid esters are particularly suitable. These solvents can be used alone or as a mixture of the above compounds. In a particularly preferred In one embodiment, a mixture of 2-butanol and ethyl acetate is used as the extracting agent.
• the comminuted drug is extracted with water.
• the volume of the primary extract can then be reduced to about half in vacuo and is extracted at room temperature with a mixture of 2-butanol and ethyl acetate.
• the fraction soluble in the organic phase is separated off and evaporated to dryness (fraction A).
• the extract contains the amounts of CCS derivatives and flavonoids described above as well as other, unidentified substances.
• the remaining water-containing fraction is also dried (fraction B) ⁇ .
• the comminuted drug is first extracted with an alcoholic / aqueous extracting agent (primary extract).
• primary or secondary alcohols have the chain length from CI to C4. disturbing
• Plant components (e.g. chlorophylls, waxes) of the alcoholic-aqueous primary extracts are extracted from the concentrated water-containing phase with suitable, water-immiscible, non-polar organic solvents such as e.g. Hexane, petroleum ether or dichloroethane removed by extraction.
• suitable, water-immiscible, non-polar organic solvents such as e.g. Hexane, petroleum ether or dichloroethane removed by extraction.
• the aqueous phase (primary extract) is extracted at room temperature with a mixture of 2-butanol and ethyl acetate.
• the fraction soluble in the solvent mixture is separated off and evaporated to dryness (fraction A).
• the extract contains those described above
• the extract fractions A and B differ significantly in the content and composition of the CCS and the flavonoids both from the corresponding parent primary extracts and generally from prior art primary extracts.
• Extract fraction A is a powerful inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis and has a very high antioxidative capacity to suppress the formation of free radicals. It has been found that the pharmacological effects are significantly higher than those of the primary extracts.
• fraction A in contrast to the primary extract or extract fraction B, shows little or no effectiveness in a test model for dyspepsia (see Tables 4-6).
• extract fraction B has in contrast to
• Primary extract has a high activity in the dyspepsia model and shows no significant inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis.
• the antioxidant properties of fraction B are lower (see Tables 4-6 below).
• the extracts A and B described can be processed and applied in customary solid, semi-solid and liquid pharmaceutical and other dosage forms, such as e.g. in powders, solutions, suspensions, tablets, film-coated tablets, coated tablets, capsules, effervescent tablets,
• Common auxiliary substances can be used for the respective dosage form, e.g. Celluloses, silicas, lactose, synthetic polymers, salts, colorings, flavorings, fats, oils, tensides, water and alcohols.
• 300 g artichoke leaf drug are extracted in a 2-stage maceration at 80-90 ° C (5 hours / 3 hours) with a total of 4.5 l of water. Both eluates, which together contain approx. 124 g dry substance, are combined and combined into one
• CCS and flavonoid levels of primary artichoke leaf extracts depend on the levels of the starting drug and the choice of extracting agent.
• High-quality artichoke leaf drug can contain 1 to 7% CCS and 0.2 to 1.2% flavonoids, depending on the variety, origin, harvest time, growing, drying and storage conditions, with the mono-CCS accounting for 40 to 60% of the total Make CCS salary.
• Table 2 and 3 are results of
• the CCS content of aqueous extracts is a maximum of 11% and that of methanolic aqueous maximum 20%.
• the flavonoid content of aqueous extracts can be up to 2.5% and for alcoholic / aqueous extracts up to 3%.
• Table 3 Share of mono-CCS in total CCS contents and mono-CCS / flavonoid quotient in various drug and associated extract batches (examples of commercial commercial drugs A, B and C and high-quality starting drugs)
• the mono-CCS portion of the total CCS content can vary between 49 and 65% for aqueous and between 44 and 59% for methanolic / aqueous extracts.
• the mono-CCS / flavonoid quotient in the extract is in the range from 2.0 to 3.2 when extracted with water and when extracted with Methanol / water between 2.0 and 2.7. Both parameters reflect the relationships of the starting drug almost exactly (Table 3). It should therefore be noted that both aqueous and aqueous / alcoholic extracts have a roughly identical quality compared to each other and to the starting drug.
• extract fraction B The organically extracted aqueous lower phase is concentrated in vacuo at 40 ° C and dried in vacuo at 60 ° C for 2 h. 93.45 g of dry extract are obtained (extract fraction B).
• Example 6 The aqueous phase of Example 6 is concentrated in vacuo to about a 1/3 of its volume and extracted five times with 500 ml of ethyl acetate / 2-butanol (60/40 V / V) each for 3 to 5 min at room temperature. The organic phases are combined. The solvent is removed in vacuo at 40 ° C. The residue is then dried in vacuo at 60 ° C. for 2 h. 16 g of dry extract are obtained (extract fraction A).
• Example 7 The aqueous phase of Example 7 is concentrated in vacuo to about 1/3 of its volume and extracted five times with 500 ml of ethyl acetate / 2-butanol (60/40 V / V) each for 3 to 5 min at room temperature. The organic phases are combined. The solvent was removed in vacuo at 40 ° C. The residue is then dried in vacuo at 60 ° C. for 2 hours. 11 g of dry extract are obtained (extract fraction A)
• extract fraction B The organically extracted aqueous lower phase is concentrated in vacuo at 40 ° C. and then dried in vacuo at 60 ° C. for 2 hours. 57 g of dry extract are obtained (extract fraction B).
• Table 4 Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in rat hepatocytes at an applied concentration of 0.1 mg / ml and 1.0 mg / ml
• the antioxidative capacity was determined according to GUGELER N., peroxidation reactions in artherogenesis: modulators of LDL oxidation and radical formation of macrophages, thesis 1997, Faculty of Biology at the University of Tübingen, Germany.
• Table 5 Inhibition of horseradish peroxidase and xanthine oxidase at an applied concentration of 0.3 ⁇ g / batch
• Table 7 Mono-, di- and total CCS and flavonoid contents of the primary extracts and the associated extract fractions from Examples 4 to 11

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