EP1144723B1 - Verfahren zur beschichtung von apparaten und apparateteilen für den chemischen anlagenbau - Google Patents
Verfahren zur beschichtung von apparaten und apparateteilen für den chemischen anlagenbau Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1144723B1 EP1144723B1 EP99967007A EP99967007A EP1144723B1 EP 1144723 B1 EP1144723 B1 EP 1144723B1 EP 99967007 A EP99967007 A EP 99967007A EP 99967007 A EP99967007 A EP 99967007A EP 1144723 B1 EP1144723 B1 EP 1144723B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- polymer
- layer
- parts
- deposited
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynenickel Chemical compound [P].[Ni] OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,4,4,5-hexamethylhexane-2-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)S YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940114930 potassium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;octadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
- F28F19/06—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1603—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas
- C23C18/1614—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas plating on one side
- C23C18/1616—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas plating on one side interior or inner surface
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1655—Process features
- C23C18/1662—Use of incorporated material in the solution or dispersion, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
- C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
- C23C18/36—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents using hypophosphites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12556—Organic component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for surface coating of apparatuses and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction - these include, for example, apparatus, container and reactor walls, Discharge devices, fittings, pumps, filters, compressors, Centrifuges, columns, dryers, shredding machines, Understand internals, fillers and mixing elements - marked by having a metal layer or a metal-polymer dispersion layer on the one or more to be coated Separate devices or parts of devices without current by pressing the apparatus or parts of the apparatus first a 1 to 15 microns thick Deposits metal-phosphor layer and then with a Contacted metal electrolyte solution next to the metal electrolyte a reducing agent and optionally the one to be separated Contains polymer or polymer mixture in dispersed form, wherein at least one polymer is halogenated and made of spherical particles with an average diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 microns.
- annealing is optional.
- Further objects of the invention are surfaces of devices and device parts for the chemical plant construction by the inventive method have been coated, and the use of the coating, containing a metal component, at least one halogenated Polymer and optionally other polymers to reduce the tendency of the coated surfaces, solids from fluids under Build up deposits. Finally, that affects Invention of apparatus and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction, which are coated by the process according to the invention.
- the coverings can be harmful or hindering in a variety of ways work for the process and lead to necessity, appropriate Shut down reactors or processing machines repeatedly and clean.
- Measuring devices encrusted with deposits can lead to faulty ones and lead to misleading results due to operating errors may occur.
- the deposits whose formation is to be prevented act coverings that are caused, for example, by reactions with and can be caused on surfaces. Other reasons are adhesion to surfaces caused by van der Waals forces, Polarization effects or electrostatic double layers caused can be. Stagnation continues to be important effects the movement on the surface and any reactions in the stagnant layers mentioned. Finally, there are: Precipitation from solutions, evaporation residues, cracking on locally hot surfaces as well as microbiological activities.
- EP-A 0 737 759 describes a coating for the purpose of corrosion protection, which consists of two layers: a Ni-P layer and a Ni-P-PTFE layer. Both the drawings 1A and 1B as pictures 2 to 4 also show rough structures and cracks as well as holes in the coating. Holes can be added of extremely fine PTFE particles, fluorinated graphite, ceramics or the like sealed during the 2nd coating step (column 9, line 1-9). EP-A 0 737 759 gives no information, how fine these additional particles have to be and how to make them. However, the addition of another reagent is cumbersome, in addition, EP-A 0 737 759 does not show how Cracks can be filled. The coating is cracked but, for example, algae growth is possible through which the mode of action the coating can be reduced.
- the object of the present invention is Protected surfaces of devices and device parts for the chemical plant construction, and finally apparatus and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a method for Coating the surfaces of apparatus and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction, characterized in that one Metal layer or a metal-polymer dispersion layer on the or the apparatus or apparatus parts to be coated are de-energized deposits by covering the parts with a metal electrolyte solution contacted, in addition to the metal electrolyte, a reducing agent and optionally the polymer or polymer mixture to be deposited contains in dispersed form, with at least one polymer halogenating is.
- This object of the invention is a method for electroless chemical deposition of metal-polymer dispersion layers which is known per se (W. Riedel: Functional nickel plating, Verlag Eugen Leize, Saulgau, 1989, p. 231 to 236, ISBN 3-750480-044-x).
- the deposition of the metal layer or the metal-polymer dispersion phases is used for Coating of the known apparatuses and apparatus parts of the chemical plant construction.
- the metal layer according to the invention comprises an alloy or alloy-like mixed phase from one Metal and at least one other element.
- the invention preferred metal-polymer dispersion phases comprise a polymer, in the context of the invention a halogenated polymer which in the metal layer is dispersed. Acting in the metal alloy it is preferably a metal-boron alloy or one Metal-phosphorus alloy with a boron or phosphorus content of 0.5 to 15% by weight.
- Coatings are so-called “chemical Nickel systems” are phosphorus-containing nickel alloys a phosphorus content of 0.5 to 15% by weight; very particularly preferred are phosphorus-containing nickel alloys with 5 to 12 wt .-%.
- the metal-polymer dispersion layer preferred according to the invention which is also called a composite layer, contains one Metal component and at least one polymer, in the context of the invention at least one halogenated polymer and optionally more Polymers dispersed in the metal component.
- metal electrolyte solutions commercially available or freshly prepared metal electrolyte solutions are usually used, to which the following components are added in addition to the electrolyte: a reducing agent such as an alkali metal hypophosphite or boranate (for example NaBH 4 ), a buffer mixture for adjusting the pH value; optionally an activator such as an alkali metal fluoride, preferred are NaF, KF or LiF; Carboxylic acids and optionally a deposition moderator such as Pb 2+ .
- a reducing agent such as an alkali metal hypophosphite or boranate (for example NaBH 4 ), a buffer mixture for adjusting the pH value
- an activator such as an alkali metal fluoride, preferred are NaF, KF or LiF
- Carboxylic acids optionally a deposition moderator such as Pb 2+ .
- the reducing agent is selected so that the corresponding element to be installed is already present in the reducing agent.
- the optionally used halogenated polymer of the process according to the invention is halogenated and preferably fluorinated.
- suitable fluorinated polymers are polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy polymers (PFA, for example with C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy units), copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, for example perfluorovinyl propyl ether.
- PFA perfluoroalkoxy polymers
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PFA perfluoroalkoxy polymers
- PTFE dispersions Commercially available polytetrafluoroethylene dispersions are sensibly used (PTFE dispersions) used.
- Especially spherical particles are preferably used because the Use of spherical particles to form very homogeneous composite layers leads.
- Advantageous in the use of spherical particles is faster layer growth and better, in particular longer thermal stability of the baths, which is economical Offers advantages. This is particularly evident in the comparison to systems using irregular polymer particles, which are obtained by grinding the corresponding polymer.
- the dispersions used can be a nonionic Detergent (e.g. polyglycols, alkylphenol ethoxylate or optional mixtures of the substances mentioned, 80 to 120 g neutral Detergent per liter) or an ionic detergent (for Example alkyl and haloalkyl sulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, Alkylphenol ether sulfates, tetraalkylammonium salts or optional Mixtures of these substances, 15 to 60 g of ionic detergent per liter) to stabilize the dispersion. It can also use fluorinated surfactants (neutral and ionic) can be added, typically 1-10% by weight, based on the total amount of surfactant is used.
- a nonionic Detergent e.g. polyglycols, alkylphenol ethoxylate or optional mixtures of the substances mentioned, 80 to 120 g neutral Detergent per liter
- an ionic detergent for Example alkyl
- Coating is carried out at a slightly elevated temperature, but which must not be so high that it destabilizes the dispersion comes. As temperatures have 40 to 95 ° C as proven suitable. Temperatures of 80 to 91 ° C. and 88 ° C. is particularly preferred.
- Ni 2+ , sodium hypophosphite, carboxylic acids and fluoride and optionally deposition moderators such as Pb 2+ are particularly preferably used.
- Such solutions are sold, for example, by Riedel, Galvano- und Filtertechnik GmbH, Halle, Westphalia and Atotech GmbH, Berlin. Solutions which have a pH around 5 and about 27 g / l NiSO 4 .6H 2 O and about 21 g / l NaH 2 PO 2 .H 2 O with a PTFE content of 1 to 25 g are particularly preferred / l included.
- the polymer portion of the dispersion coating is mainly by the amount of polymer dispersion added and the choice of detergents.
- concentration of the Polymers the bigger role; high polymer concentrations of Immersion baths lead to a disproportionately high proportion of polymer in the metal-phosphor polymer dispersion layer or metal-boron polymer dispersion layer.
- the parts to be coated are placed in immersion baths for contacting immersed which contain the metal electrolyte solution.
- the annealing time is generally 5 minutes to 3 hours, preferably 35 to 60 minutes.
- the surfaces treated according to the invention allow good heat transfer, although the coatings have a not inconsiderable thickness of 1 to 100 ⁇ m can. 3 to 50 ⁇ m, in particular 5 to 25 ⁇ m, are preferred.
- the polymer content of the dispersion coating is 5 to 30 Vol .-%, preferably 15 to 25 vol .-%.
- the treated according to the invention Surfaces also have excellent durability.
- the metal-polymer dispersion layer contains an additional polymer in order to further strengthen the non-stick properties of the coating.
- This polymer can be halogenated or non-halogenated.
- the use of polytetrafluoroethylene or ethylene polymers and ethylene copolymers or polypropylene is particularly preferred, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHM-PE) being very particularly preferred.
- UHM-PE is understood to mean a polyethylene which has a molecular weight M w of 10 6 g or more and a Staudinger index of at least 15 dl / g, preferably at least 20 dl / g.
- This optionally used polymer is also given as a dispersion or slurry in an aqueous surfactant solution, wherein the order in which the dispersions are added is not critical. Preferable is however a simultaneous metering of both polymer dispersions.
- Aqueous dispersions of UHM-PE are commercially available, for example from Clariant GmbH, or can by dispersing the UHM-PE in a suitable aqueous Surfactant solution can be easily prepared by yourself.
- Neutral ones are suitable Detergents (for example polyglycols, alkylphenol ethoxylate or optionally mixtures thereof, 80 to 120 g neutral Detergent per liter), ionic detergents (for example Alkyl and haloalkyl sulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkylphenol ether sulfates, Tetraalkylammoniumsalze or optionally mixtures from the substances mentioned, 15 to 60 g of ionic detergent per liter) contain.
- Fluorinated surfactants neutral or ionic
- the particles are further halogenated or non-halogenated polymers are coarser than those of halogenated Polymer. Average particle diameters of 5 up to 50 ⁇ m was found to be advantageous. Particularly advantageous are 25-35 ⁇ m. It is possible when using the additional coarser polymer spherical particles, however, may the particles of the additional polymer are also irregularly shaped his.
- Another object of the present invention is a method for the production of modified, i.e. coated surfaces of apparatuses and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction, which are particularly adhesive, durable and heat-resistant and therefore solve the problem of the invention in a special way.
- This procedure is characterized in that before Application of the metal-polymer dispersion layer additionally one 1 to 15 microns, preferably 1 to 5 microns thick metal-phosphor layer by electroless chemical deposition.
- Electroless chemical application of a 1 to 15 ⁇ m thick metal-phosphor layer to improve adhesion is done by Metal electrolyte baths, but in this case none stabilized Polymer dispersion is added.
- For tempering is preferably dispensed with at this time, since this is the Adhesion of the subsequent metal-polymer dispersion layer generally adversely affected.
- the workpiece is placed in a second immersion bath, which in addition to the metal electrolyte also a stabilized one Includes polymer dispersion. This forms the metal-polymer dispersion layer.
- This process is also characterized in that before applying the metal-polymer dispersion layer additionally a 1 to 15 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m thick metal-phosphor layer by electroless chemical deposition.
- Electroless chemical application of a 1 to 15 ⁇ m thick metal-phosphor layer to improve adhesion is done by the already described metal electrolyte baths, but which in this If no stabilized polymer dispersions are added. An annealing is preferred at this time dispenses with this, since this reduces the adherence of the subsequent metal-polymer dispersion layer generally adversely affected.
- the workpiece is brought in the immersion bath described above, which is next to the metal electrolyte also contains a stabilized polymer dispersion. This forms the metal-polymer dispersion layer.
- the additional metal-phosphor layer to nickel phosphorus or copper phosphorus is particularly preferred.
- the method according to the invention can be done on the basis of its simple Handling on all surfaces threatened by deposits of apparatus and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction use, the surfaces preferably surfaces made of metal, especially preferably made of steel.
- Another object of the invention are the inventive Processes for surface modification of apparatus available and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction.
- the surfaces according to the invention are produced by using the method according to the invention.
- Another object of the invention is the use of surface modification according to the invention to reduce the Inclination of the coated surfaces, solids to form To deposit deposits.
- the deposits, their formation prevented according to the invention have already been described.
- Another object of the invention is coated apparatus and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction.
- the invention Reactors, reactor parts and processing machines for chemical products for are characterized by a longer service life, reduced shutdown rates and reduced cleaning effort out.
- the reactors according to the invention can be used for numerous different types Reactions are used, such as polymerizations, Synthesis of bulk or fine chemicals or pharmaceuticals Products and their precursors as well as crack reactions.
- the processes are continuous, semi-continuous or batchwise, whereby the use of the apparatuses according to the invention and apparatus parts for chemical plant construction in continuous particularly offers operated procedures.
- the covering could be coated with a coating according to the invention coated areas are rubbed off manually. If the covering is coated with a coating according to the invention Make by dissolving in toluene or other suitable Solvent had to be removed was the solution times significantly shorter than with coverings in uncoated areas.
- stirrer speeds are shown in Table 1. attempt Stirrer speed / U / min Covering in places without coating [g] Covering in places with a NiP-PTFE coating [g] stirrer baffles stirrer Baffles without PE Stroner with PE 1 300 nb 4.21 0.43 2 350 nb 5.01 0.87 3a / 3b 375 4.20 - 3.38 2.89 - 1.02 0.48 0.53 0.21 4a / 4b 275 7.26 - 6.31 5.22 - 1.87 0.98 0.68 0.59 5 300 nb 2.14 0.20 6a / 6b 325 4.87 - 3.20 4.25 - 1.72 0.51 0.57 0.32 nb: not determined
- the polymerization examples were based on DE-A 197 28 629 and EP-A 0 062 901, each Example 1, carried out, however the proportions of the 2 liter autoclave were adjusted and the stirrer speed varies according to Table 2.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
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Description
- das einerseits die Neigung der Oberflächen herabsetzt, Feststoffe unter Bildung von Ablagerungen anzulagern,
- wobei die verfahrensgemäß behandelten Flächen eine gute Haltbarkeit aufweisen sollen,
- und wobei das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auch auf schwer zugängliche Flächen kostengünstig anwendbar sein soll, und andererseits
- gewährleistet, dass das oder die Produkte nicht durch Additive kontaminiert werden.
- Durch höhere Temperaturen wird die Abscheidegeschwindigkeit erhöht, wobei es eine Maximaltemperatur gibt, die beispielsweise durch die Stabilität der optional zugegebenen Polymer-Dispersion begrenzt ist. Durch niedrigere Temperaturen wird die Abscheidegeschwindigkeit gesenkt.
- Durch höhere Elektrolytkonzentrationen wird die Abscheidegeschwindigkeit erhöht, durch niedrigere gesenkt; wobei Konzentrationen von 1 g/l bis 20 g/l Ni2+ sinnvoll sind, bevorzugt sind Konzentrationen von 4 g/l bis 10 g/l; für Cu2+ sind 1 g/l bis 50 g/l sinnvoll.
- Durch höhere Konzentrationen an Reduktionsmittel lässt sich die Abscheidegeschwindigkeit ebenfalls erhöhen;
- Durch Erhöhung des pH-Wertes lässt sich die Abscheidegeschwindigkeit erhöhen. Bevorzugt stellt man einen pH-Wert zwischen 3 und 6, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 4 und 5,5 ein.
- Zugabe von Aktivatoren wie beispielsweise Alkalifluoriden, beispielsweise NaF oder KF, erhöht die Abscheidegeschwindigkeit.
- Bei Behältern handelt es sich beispielsweise um Vorlage- oder Sammelbehälter wie beispielsweise Wannen, Silos, Tanks, Fässern, Trommeln oder Gasbehälter.
- Bei den Apparaten und Reaktoren handelt es sich um Flüssig-,
Gas/Flüssig-, Flüssig/Flüssig-, Fest/Flüssig-, Gas/Fest- oder
Gasreaktoren, die beispielsweise in folgenden Möglichkeiten
realisiert sind:
- Rühr-, Strahlschlaufen- und Strahldüsenreaktoren,
- Strahlpumpen,
- Verweilzeitzellen,
- statische Mischer,
- Rührkolonnen,
- Rohrreaktoren,
- Zylinderrührer,
- Blasensäulen,
- Strahl- und Venturiwäscher,
- Festbettreaktoren,
- Reaktionskolonnen,
- Verdampfer,
- Drehscheibenreaktoren,
- Extraktionskolonnen,
- Knet- und Mischreaktoren und Extruder,
- Mühlen,
- Bandreaktoren,
- Drehrohren oder
- zirkulierende Wirbelschichten;
- Bei Austragsvorrichtungen handelt es sich beispielsweise um Austragsstutzen, Austragstrichter, Austragsrohre, Ventilen, Austragshähne oder Auswurfvorrichtungen handeln.
- Bei Armaturen handelt es sich beispielsweise um Hähne, Ventile, Schieber, Berstscheiben, Rückschlagklappen oder Scheiben.
- Bei Pumpen handelt es sich beispielsweise um Kreisel-, Zahnrad-, Schraubenspindel-, Exzenterschnecken-, Kreiskolben-, Hubkolben-, Membran-, Schneckentrog-, oder Strahlflüssigkeitspumpen handeln, außerdem um Hubkolben-, Hubkolben-Membran-, Drehkolben-, Drehschieber-, Flüssigkeitsring-, Wälzkolben-, Flüssigkeitsring- oder Treibmittelvakuumpumpen.
- Bei Filterapparaten handelt es sich beispielsweise um Fluldfilter, Festbettfilter, Gasfilter, Siebe oder Abscheider.
- Bei Verdichtern handelt es sich beispielsweise um Hubkolben-, Hubkolben-Membran-, Drehkolben-, Drehschieber-, Flüssigkeitsring-, Rotations-, Roots-, Schrauben-, Strahl- oder Turboverdichter.
- Bei Zentrifugen handelt es sich beispielsweise um Zentrifugen mit Siebmantel oder Vollmantel, wobei Teller-, Vollmantelschnecken- (Dekanter), Siebschnecken- und Schubzentrifugen bevorzugt sind.
- Bei Kolonnen handelt es sich um Behälter mit Austauschböden, wobei Glocken-, Ventil- oder Siebböden bevorzugt sind. Außerdem können die Kolonnen mit unterschiedlichen Füllkörpern wie beispielsweise Sattelkörpern, Raschigringen oder Kugeln befüllt sein.
- Bei Zerkleinerungsmaschinen handelt es sich beispielsweise um
- Brecher, wobei Hammer-, Prall-, Walzen- oder Backenbrecher bevorzugt sind;
- oder um Mühlen, wobei Hammer-, Schlagkorb-, Stift-, Prall-, Rohr-, Trommel-, Kugel-, Schwing-, Walzenmühlen bevorzugt sind.
- Bei Einbauten in Reaktoren und Behältern handelt es sich beispielsweise um Thermohülsen, Stromstörer, Schaumzerstörer, Füllkörper, Abstandhalter, Zentriereinrichtungen, Flanschverbindungen, statische Mischer, zur Analytik dienende Instrumente wie pH- oder IR-Sonden, Leitfähigkeitsmessinstrumente, Standmessungsgeräte oder Schaumsonden.
- Bei Extruderelementen handelt es sich beispielsweise um Schneckenwellen, -elementen, Extruderzylinder, Plastifizierschnecken oder Einspritzdüsen.
- 1
- Stromstörer wurde nicht beschichtet,
Leergewicht: 61,51 g unbeschichtet - 1
- Stromstörer wurde nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren mit
Ni-PTFE beschichtet
Leergewicht: 60,78 g beschichtet, - 1
- Stromstörer wurde nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren mit
Ni-PTFE/UHM-PE beschichtet
Leergewicht: 62,04g beschichtet
- 1
- Versuch mit einem Rührer unbeschichtet und
- 1
- Versuch mit einem Rührer mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtung
beschichtet
Leergewicht: 490,52g unbeschichtet
Leergewicht: 493,28g beschichtet
| Versuch | Rührerdrehzahl/ U/min | Belag an Stellen ohne Beschichtung [g] | Belag an Stellen mit einer NiP-PTFE-Beschichtung [g] | |||||||
| Rührer | Stromstörer | Rührer | Stromstörer ohne PE | Stronistörer mit PE | ||||||
| 1 | 300 | n.b. | 4,21 | 0,43 | ||||||
| 2 | 350 | n.b. | 5,01 | 0,87 | ||||||
| 3a/3b | 375 | 4,20 | - | 3,38 | 2,89 | - | 1,02 | 0,48 | 0,53 | 0,21 |
| 4a/4b | 275 | 7,26 | - | 6,31 | 5,22 | - | 1,87 | 0,98 | 0,68 | 0,59 |
| 5 | 300 | n.b. | 2,14 | 0,20 | ||||||
| 6a/6b | 325 | 4,87 | - | 3,20 | 4,25 | - | 1,72 | 0,51 | 0,57 | 0,32 |
| n.b.: nicht bestimmt |
- 3
- Versuche wurden reproduziert, jeweils
- 1
- Versuch mit einem Rührer unbeschichtet und
- 1
- Versuch mit einem Rührer Ni-P-PTFE beschichtet
Leergewicht: 376,53g unbeschichtet
Leergewicht: 378,49g beschichtet
| Versuch | Rührerdrehzahl U/min | Belag an Stellen ohne Beschichtung [g] | Belag an Stellen mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtung beschichteten [g] |
| Rührer | Rührer | ||
| 1 | 400 | 4,89 | 1,21 |
| 2 | 350 | 5,72 | 1,33 |
| 3 | 300 | 3,51 | 0,89 |
Claims (14)
- Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Apparaten und Apparateteilen für den chemischen Anlagenbau, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man eine Metallschicht und danach eine Metall-Polymer-Dispersionsschicht auf dem oder den zu beschichtenden Apparaten oder Apparateteilen stromlos abscheidet, indem man auf den Apparaten oder Apparateteilen zunächst eine 1 bis 15 µm dicke Metall-Phosphor-Schicht stromlos abscheidet und sie anschließend mit einer Metall-Elektrolytlösung kontaktiert, die neben dem Metall-Elektrolyten ein Reduktionsmittel sowie das abzuscheidende Polymer oder Polymergemisch in dispergierter Form enthält, wobei mindestens ein Polymer halogeniert ist und aus sphärischen Partikeln mit einem mittleren Durchmesser von 0,1 bis 1,0 µm besteht.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei den Apparaten und Apparateteilen für den chemischen Anlagenbau um Apparate-, Behälter- und Reaktorinnenwandungen, Austragsvorrichtungen, Armaturen, Leitungssysteme, Pumpen, Filter, Verdichter, Zentrifugen, Kolonnen, Trockner, Zerkleinerungsmaschinen, Einbauten, Füllkörper und Mischorgane handelt, die aus einem metallischen Werkstoff bestehen.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man als Metall-Elektrolyten eine Nickel- oder Kupfer-Elektrolytlösung und als Reduktionsmittel ein Hypophosphit oder ein Boranat verwendet.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man der Metall-Elektrolytlösung eine Dispersion eines halogenierten Polymers zusetzt.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man als Metall-Elektrolyt eine Nickelsalz-Lösung einsetzt, die man in situ mit einem Alkalimetallhypophosphit reduziert und der man als halogeniertes Polymer eine Polytetrafluorethylen-Dispersion zusetzt.
- Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man eine Nickel-Phosphor-Polytetrafluorethylen-Schicht mit einer Dicke von 1 bis 100 µm abscheidet.
- Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man eine Nickel-Phosphor-Polytetrafluorethylen-Schicht mit einer Dicke von 3 bis 50 µm abscheidet.
- Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man eine Nickel-Phosphor-Polytetrafluorethylen-Schicht mit einer Dicke von 5 bis 25 µm abscheidet..
- Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man der Metall-Elektrolytlösung eine weitere Dispersion eines halogenierten oder nichthalogenierten Polymers zusetzt.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man als zusätzliches Polymer ein Polytetrafluorethylen oder Polyethylen oder Polypropylen verwendet.
- Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 9 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man als zusätzliches Polymer ein Polytetrafluorethylen oder Polyethylen oder Polypropylen aus Partikeln mit einem mittleren Durchmesser von 5 bis 50 µm verwendet.
- Apparate und Apparateteile für den chemischen Anlagenbau, erhältlich nach dem Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 11.
- Apparate-, Behälter- und Reaktorwandungen, Austragsvorrichtungen, Armaturen, Leitungssysteme, Pumpen, Filter, Verdichter, Zentrifugen, Kolonnen, Trockner, Zerkleinerungsmaschinen, Einbauten, Füllkörper und Mischorgane, erhältlich nach dem Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 12.
- Verwendung von Apparate-, Behälter- und Reaktorwandungen, Austragsvorrichtungen, Armaturen, Leitungssystemen, Pumpen, Filtern, Verdichtern, Zentrifugen, Kolonnen, Trocknern, Zerkleinerungsmaschinen, Einbauten, Füllkörper und Mischorgane gemäß den Ansprüchen 12 und 13 zur Vermeidung oder Verringerung von Ablagerungen aus Fluiden.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19860526 | 1998-12-30 | ||
| DE19860526A DE19860526A1 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1998-12-30 | Wärmeüberträger mit verringerter Neigung, Ablagerungen zu bilden und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| PCT/EP1999/010371 WO2000040774A2 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Verfahren zur beschichtung von apparaten und apparateteilen für den chemischen anlagenbau |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1144723A2 EP1144723A2 (de) | 2001-10-17 |
| EP1144723A3 EP1144723A3 (de) | 2002-11-13 |
| EP1144723B1 true EP1144723B1 (de) | 2003-04-09 |
Family
ID=7892984
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99967007A Expired - Lifetime EP1144723B1 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Verfahren zur beschichtung von apparaten und apparateteilen für den chemischen anlagenbau |
| EP99965554A Expired - Lifetime EP1144725B1 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Verfahren zur beschichtung von reaktoren für die hochdruckpolymerisation von 1-olefinen |
| EP99964672A Expired - Lifetime EP1144724B1 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Wärmeüberträger mit verringerter neigung, ablagerungen zu bilden und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Family Applications After (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99965554A Expired - Lifetime EP1144725B1 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Verfahren zur beschichtung von reaktoren für die hochdruckpolymerisation von 1-olefinen |
| EP99964672A Expired - Lifetime EP1144724B1 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Wärmeüberträger mit verringerter neigung, ablagerungen zu bilden und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US6617047B1 (de) |
| EP (3) | EP1144723B1 (de) |
| JP (3) | JP2002534606A (de) |
| KR (3) | KR20010103724A (de) |
| CN (3) | CN1636305A (de) |
| AT (3) | ATE245210T1 (de) |
| CA (2) | CA2358097A1 (de) |
| DE (4) | DE19860526A1 (de) |
| ES (2) | ES2197710T3 (de) |
| WO (3) | WO2000040773A2 (de) |
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| DE10049338A1 (de) * | 2000-10-05 | 2002-04-11 | Basf Ag | Mikrostrukturierte, selbstreinigende katalytisch aktive Oberfläche |
| JP2004525754A (ja) * | 2001-01-12 | 2004-08-26 | ビーエーエスエフ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 表面の汚れ防止処理法 |
| DE50202289D1 (de) | 2001-08-20 | 2005-03-24 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Verfahren zur hochdruckpolymerisation von ethylen |
| DE10241947A1 (de) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-04-03 | Magna Steyr Powertrain Ag & Co | Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung eines Maschinenelementes und Maschinenelement |
| DE10146027B4 (de) * | 2001-09-18 | 2006-07-13 | Huppmann Ag | Bauteil für eine Brauereianlage und Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger Bauteile |
| US20030066632A1 (en) | 2001-10-09 | 2003-04-10 | Charles J. Bishop | Corrosion-resistant heat exchanger |
| DE10205442A1 (de) * | 2002-02-08 | 2003-08-21 | Basf Ag | Hydrophiles Compositmaterial |
| US6887348B2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2005-05-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Rolled single ply tissue product having high bulk, softness, and firmness |
| US6837923B2 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2005-01-04 | David Crotty | Polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion for electroless nickel plating applications |
| DE10344845A1 (de) * | 2003-09-26 | 2005-04-14 | Basf Ag | Vorrichtung zum Mischen, Trocknen und Beschichten von pulvrigem, körnigem oder geformtem Schüttgut in einem Fließbett und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Trägerkatalysatoren unter Verwendung einer solchen Vorrichtung |
| DE502004004444D1 (de) * | 2004-09-17 | 2007-09-06 | Bernd Terstegen | Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Apparaten und Apparateteilen für den chemischen Anlagenbau |
| KR100753476B1 (ko) * | 2004-12-10 | 2007-08-31 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 에틸렌 디클로라이드 열분해 반응기의 코크스 생성 억제코팅막 및 그 코팅막 형성 방법 |
| DE102005017327B4 (de) * | 2005-04-14 | 2007-08-30 | EKATO Rühr- und Mischtechnik GmbH | Bearbeitungsanlage |
| US20080271712A1 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2008-11-06 | Caterpillar Inc. | Carbon deposit resistant component |
| US20070028588A1 (en) * | 2005-08-03 | 2007-02-08 | General Electric Company | Heat transfer apparatus and systems including the apparatus |
| US20070031639A1 (en) * | 2005-08-03 | 2007-02-08 | General Electric Company | Articles having low wettability and methods for making |
| JP4495054B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-02 | 2010-06-30 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 回転機械の部品及び回転機械 |
| JP4644814B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-30 | 2011-03-09 | 山形県 | 温調機能を具備する金属製品への機能性金属被膜形成方法 |
| JP5176337B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-12 | 2013-04-03 | 株式会社デンソー | 皮膜構造及びその形成方法 |
| WO2008117714A1 (ja) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-10-02 | Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. | ソレノイドバルブとその製造方法 |
| DE102008014272A1 (de) * | 2008-03-04 | 2009-09-10 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Beschichtung für ein Wärmeübertragungselement, Wärmeübertragungselement, Wärmeübertragungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Beschichtung |
| US20110209848A1 (en) * | 2008-09-24 | 2011-09-01 | Earth To Air Systems, Llc | Heat Transfer Refrigerant Transport Tubing Coatings and Insulation for a Direct Exchange Geothermal Heating/Cooling System and Tubing Spool Core Size |
| JP5616764B2 (ja) * | 2010-11-26 | 2014-10-29 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 内部熱交換型蒸留装置 |
| EP2458030A1 (de) | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-30 | Alfa Laval Corporate AB | Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Teils eines Wärmetauschers und Wärmetauscher |
| AT511572B1 (de) * | 2011-06-01 | 2013-02-15 | Ke Kelit Kunststoffwerk Gmbh | Beschichtung umfassend ni-p-ptfe in kombination mit einem polykationischen polymer |
| FR3011308B1 (fr) * | 2013-10-02 | 2017-01-13 | Vallourec Oil & Gas France | Element de connexion d'un composant tubulaire recouvert d'un depot metallique composite |
| GB2551107A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2017-12-13 | Edwards Ltd | Vacuum pump component |
| US11054199B2 (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2021-07-06 | Rheem Manufacturing Company | Applying coatings to the interior surfaces of heat exchangers |
| CN113846318A (zh) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-28 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | 一种文丘里管表面处理方法 |
| DE102022108533B4 (de) | 2022-04-08 | 2024-06-20 | CSB Chemische Spezialbeschichtungen GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer chemisch NiP-Elektrolytdispersion mit einzulagernden Feststoffpartikeln |
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| DE3114875A1 (de) | 1981-04-13 | 1982-11-04 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur herstellung von schlagfesten thermoplastischen formmassen |
| IT1152230B (it) * | 1982-05-31 | 1986-12-31 | Montedison Spa | Procedimento per la preparazione di grassi lubrificanti a base di politetrafluoroetilene e perfluoropolieteri |
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| DE4010271A1 (de) | 1990-03-30 | 1991-10-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von ethylenpolymerisaten bei druecken oberhalb von 500 bar in einem rohrreaktor mit einspritzfinger |
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| DE4214173A1 (de) | 1992-04-30 | 1993-11-04 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum entfernen von niedermolekularen, zaehen produkten bei der hochdruckpolymerisation des ethylens |
| DE4220225A1 (de) | 1992-06-20 | 1993-12-23 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von perlförmigen expandierbaren Styrolpolymerisaten |
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| FI104823B (fi) * | 1996-06-24 | 2000-04-14 | Borealis Polymers Oy | Likaantumista estävä päällyste |
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-
1998
- 1998-12-30 DE DE19860526A patent/DE19860526A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-12-24 KR KR1020017008321A patent/KR20010103724A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-24 KR KR1020017008309A patent/KR20010100009A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-24 AT AT99965554T patent/ATE245210T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-24 WO PCT/EP1999/010368 patent/WO2000040773A2/de not_active Ceased
- 1999-12-24 DE DE59906313T patent/DE59906313D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 JP JP2000592467A patent/JP2002534606A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-24 JP JP2000592466A patent/JP2003511551A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-24 ES ES99967007T patent/ES2197710T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 ES ES99965554T patent/ES2204184T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 US US09/869,139 patent/US6617047B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-24 KR KR1020017008317A patent/KR20010100013A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-24 AT AT99964672T patent/ATE227360T1/de active
- 1999-12-24 EP EP99967007A patent/EP1144723B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 CN CNA998163821A patent/CN1636305A/zh active Pending
- 1999-12-24 JP JP2000592465A patent/JP2002534605A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-24 DE DE59905005T patent/DE59905005D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 CN CN99816373A patent/CN1338008A/zh active Pending
- 1999-12-24 CN CN99815259A patent/CN1332810A/zh active Pending
- 1999-12-24 US US09/869,147 patent/US6509103B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-24 AT AT99967007T patent/ATE237006T1/de active
- 1999-12-24 WO PCT/EP1999/010371 patent/WO2000040774A2/de not_active Ceased
- 1999-12-24 CA CA002358097A patent/CA2358097A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-24 US US09/869,275 patent/US6513581B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-24 EP EP99965554A patent/EP1144725B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 EP EP99964672A patent/EP1144724B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 CA CA002358099A patent/CA2358099A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-24 DE DE59903362T patent/DE59903362D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 WO PCT/EP1999/010372 patent/WO2000040775A2/de not_active Ceased
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