EP1138256B1 - Caméra de fond d'oeil comportant un système d'illumination en lumière visible et invisible - Google Patents

Caméra de fond d'oeil comportant un système d'illumination en lumière visible et invisible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1138256B1
EP1138256B1 EP01107046A EP01107046A EP1138256B1 EP 1138256 B1 EP1138256 B1 EP 1138256B1 EP 01107046 A EP01107046 A EP 01107046A EP 01107046 A EP01107046 A EP 01107046A EP 1138256 B1 EP1138256 B1 EP 1138256B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fundus
light
optical system
visible
photographing
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01107046A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1138256A3 (fr
EP1138256A2 (fr
Inventor
Tsuguo Nanjo
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Nidek Co Ltd
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Nidek Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/12—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/14—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography
    • A61B3/145—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography by video means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fundus camera for photographing a fundus of an eye to be examined.
  • a fundus camera of a non-mydriasis type is well-known to photograph an image of a fundus when an eye to be examined is under a non-mydiasis condition without using mydriatics.
  • a pop-up mirror having regular mirror coating is used to switch between an optical path of an observation optical system (this optical path may also be referred to simply as an observation optical path, hereinafter) in which the fundus is observed by using infrared light and an optical path of a photographing optical system (this optical path may also be referred to simply as a photographing optical path, hereinafter) in which the fundus is photographed by visible light emitted from a flash lamp or the like.
  • a fixation light for guiding a sight line of an examinee be disposed in an optical system thereof.
  • a fundus camera has a pop-up mirror, it is possible that the fixation light is disposed on the observation optical path switched by the pop-up mirror.
  • a fundus camera having a dichroic mirror instead of a pop-up mirror to guide visible light to a photographing optical path and infrared light to an observation optical path has been proposed.
  • a fixation light emitting visible light is never disposed on the observation optical path divided by using a dichroic mirror.
  • an extra beam splitter is disposed on the photographing optical path, and that a fixation light is disposed on an optical path divided by the beam splitter, it is disadvantageous because light quantity for photographing may decrease.
  • a fixation light is disposed in the same position as a focus index for adjusting the focus, it may be difficult to arrange a mechanism for movement when the fixation light needs to be moved to guide a sight line.
  • Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication 11-104085 discloses a non-mydriasis type fundus camera of the above-mentioned known design, in which an infrared observation optical path is divided from a visible photographing optical path by a moving mirror.
  • the moving mirror guides fixation target light to an eye to be examined from the side of the observation optical path.
  • US Patent No. 5,202,708 discloses an apparatus for photographing a retroillumination image of an anterior-segment of an eye (a crystalline lens) with infrared illumination light reflected from a fundus of the eye.
  • This apparatus includes an optical system for photographing a cross-sectional image of the anterior-segment of the eye with visible slit light in order to detect a photographing position of the retroillumination image.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances and has an object to overcome the above-noted problems and to provide a fundus camera having a simplified unit mechanism, wherein an internal fixation light is disposed at a suitable position for efficiently guiding a sight line
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an optical system of the fundus camera of the non-mydriasis type consistent with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • an illumination optical system 1 a photographing optical system 2
  • an observation optical system 3 a fixation target projection optical system 35
  • a focus index projection optical system 45 a focus index projection optical system 45.
  • Illumination light emitted from a halogen lamp 10, which is a light source for observation, is changed into infrared illumination light by using an infrared filter 11 having a wavelength-selecting property which transmits infrared light with wavelengths of 750 nm or longer.
  • the infrared illumination light After passing through a condenser lens 12, the infrared illumination light is reflected by a dichroic mirror 15 having a wavelength-selecting property which reflects infrared light and transmits visible light, and it illuminates a ring slit 16 having a ring-shaped aperture.
  • the filter 11 is not required.
  • a flash lamp 13 which is a light source for photographing
  • a condenser lens 14 After visible illumination light emitted from a flash lamp 13, which is a light source for photographing, passes through a condenser lens 14, it is transmitted through the dichroic mirror 15 and becomes coaxial with the optical axis of the infrared illumination light to illuminate the ring slit 16.
  • the illumination light (ring slit light) forms an intermediate image near an aperture in a mirror 21 with an aperture via a relay lens 17a, a mirror 18, a black dot plate 19 having a small dot on its center, a beam splitter 48, and a relay lens 17b, whereby the light is reflected to be coaxial with the optical axis of the photographing optic system 2.
  • the illumination light (ring slit light) reflected by the mirror 21 once converges through an objective lens 20 near a pupil of an eye E to be examined, it diffuses to evenly illuminate a fundus Ef of the eye E.
  • the dichroic mirror 25 has a wavelength-selecting property of transmitting about 80% to 90% of visible light with wavelengths ranging from approximately 700 nm to 800 nm and reflecting the residual light accounting for about 20% to 10% as well as most infrared light (reflecting almost all the infrared light with wavelengths of approximately 800 nm or longer).
  • Visible reflection light from the fundus Ef having passed through the dichroic mirror 25, goes into a color CCD camera 26 for photographing having a sensitivity to the visible range, and an image of the fundus Ef is formed on a photographing surface of the CCD camera 26.
  • a photographed image of the fundus Ef may be used as an electrical image provided that the camera 26 is a high resolution digitized CCD camera having millions of picture elements.
  • the observation optical system 3 shares the elements from the lens 20 to the dichroic mirror 25 with the photographing optical system 2, and an observation optical path P2 is divided from a photographing optical path P1 by the dichroic mirror 25.
  • an observation optical path P2 is divided from a photographing optical path P1 by the dichroic mirror 25.
  • a relay lens 30 After infrared reflection light from the fundus Ef reflected by the dichroic mirror 25 passes through a relay lens 30, it is further reflected by a dichroic mirror 31, which has the same wavelength-selecting property as the dichroic mirror 25, so as to enter a CCD camera 32 for observation having a sensitivity to the infrared range. Then, an image of the fundus Ef is formed on its photographing surface.
  • the lens 23, which is movable along the optical axis of the optical path P0 shared by the photographing optical system 2 and the observation optical system 3, provides a way for adjustment of a refractive error to be consistent with a refractive power of the eye E.
  • the lens 23 is fixedly disposed on a rack 42, and the rack 42 is engaged with a pinion 41 fixedly attached to a rotation axis of a stepping motor 40.
  • the lens 23 moves on the optical axis in conjunction with the rack 42 and the pinion 41 by rotation of the motor 40, and it brings an image of the fundus Ef into focus on the photographing surfaces of the cameras 26 and 32.
  • the focus index projection optical system 45 has an index plate 47, an LED 46 emitting infrared light, and a beam splitter 48, and the index plate 47 and the LED 46 move together with the lens 23.
  • the infrared light for an index projection is reflected by the beam splitter 48 and the mirror 21 to form an image on a conjugate plane (not illustrated) with the fundus Ef once, and then it is projected into the fundus Ef via the lens 20.
  • a conjugate plane not illustrated
  • the focus index is projected on the fundus Ef by infrared light
  • its infrared reflection light is reflected by the dichroic mirrors 25 and 31 and is photographed along with the image of the fundus Ef by the camera 32.
  • the fixation target projection optical system 35 is disposed on the observation optical path P2 side divided from the photographing optical path P1 by the dichroic mirror 25.
  • the dichroic mirror 31 further divides the observation optical path P2 into optical paths P3 and P4, and a fixation light 36 emitting visible light is provided (disposed) on the optical path P4 divided from the optical path P3 on which the camera 32 is provided (disposed).
  • the fixation light 36 disposed at an end of an adjustment knob 37, is arranged to be movable within an approximately conjugate plane with the fundus Ef and the photographing surface of the camera 32.
  • the fixation light 36 is moved within the plane vertical to the projection optical axis as an examiner operates the adjustment knob 37. Accordingly, the position of the fixation light presented to the eye E can be changed, and the fundus Ef can be guided to a desired position for photographing.
  • the visible light emitted from the fixation light 36 is transmitted through the dichroic mirror 31 and enters the dichroic mirror 25 after passing through the lens 30. Although approximately only 20% to 10% of the visible light (the fixation target) having entered the dichroic mirror 25 is reflected, the visible light proceeds along the shared optical path P0 to be visible to the eye E and to induce eye fixation by the eye E (the visible sensitivity of a human eye is sensitive enough to catch a visible fixation target slightly reflected by the dichroic mirror 25).
  • the brightness of the fixation target to be visible to the eye E may be easily increased by adjusting light quantity of the fixation light 36, and light-dividing members, such as a half mirror, may replace the dichroic mirror 31.
  • the fixation light 36 when the fixation light 36 is at a conjugate position with the photographing surface of the camera 32, and when a catoptric system is provided in order that the light from the fixation light 36 forms an image on the photographing surface, an image of the fixation light along with the image of the fundus Ef can be shown on an after-mentioned liquid crystal display (LCD) 53 connected with the output of the camera 32. Accordingly, eye fixation is induced while the movement of the fixation light is observed and operated on the LCD 53.
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • the dichroic mirror 25 has a wavelength-selecting property which transmits approximately 80% to 90% of visible light and reflects the residual light
  • the ratio (proportion) of transmission and reflection is not limited to the specific ratio mentioned above.
  • a wavelength range of reflected visible light usually remains in a part of a dichroic mirror. Accordingly, the ratio of separating visible light and infrared light may be determined in view of sensitivity of an eye E and a CCD camera and/or of light quantity of the fixation light.
  • the fixation target projection optical system 35 has a fixation light embedded on the observation optical path P2 side, which is the optical path of reflected infrared light, by taking advantage of a wavelength range (properties) of reflected visible light remaining (made to remain) in a part of the dichroic mirror 25. Therefore, the embedded fixation light can be visible to the examinee, and the system may be constructed without a driving mechanism to switch optical paths, such as a pop-up mirror. In addition, when a mechanism to move the fixation light for guiding a sight line is used, its arrangement can be simplified.
  • an alignment between the eye E and the optical system of the apparatus is performed.
  • the optical system stored in a casing is put on a movable base, and it makes a relative movement to a fixed base by a sliding mechanism, which is not indicated in the figure.
  • the eye E is illuminated by infrared illumination light by turning on the lamp 10.
  • Infrared reflection light from the fundus Ef is reflected by the dichroic mirror 25, and an image of the eye E is photographed by the camera 32.
  • picture signals from the camera 32 are inputted to an image memory/image-processing unit 51 and an image-converting unit 52 for converting those picture signals to picture signals for the LCD display, and then to the LCD 53, which is a liquid crystal display, whereby the image of the eye E is displayed thereon.
  • the examiner While observing the image of the eye E (a monochrome image at this point) shown on the LCD 53, the examiner observes an alignment reflex formed by an alignment optical system not shown in the figure (for example, the alignment optical system may be structured by disposing the edges of a pair of right and left optical fibers emitting infrared light in front of the diaphragm 22) in order to perform an alignment for adjustment of the working distance between the eye E and the optical system and for adjustment of the optical axes.
  • the alignment optical system may be structured by disposing the edges of a pair of right and left optical fibers emitting infrared light in front of the diaphragm 22
  • the examiner moves the lens 23 by operating a focusing switch 56 so that the photographing surfaces of the cameras 26 and 32 are placed at conjugate positions with the fundus Ef.
  • a control unit 50 rotates the motor 40 in accordance with an operational signal of the switch 56 and moves the lens 23 along the optical axis. This operation is done to correct the gap in a focus position derived from a refractive error of the eye E, to adjust the focus to the fundus Ef, and to form a clear image of the fundus Ef.
  • the visible light emitted from the fixation light 36 is reflected by the dichroic mirror 25 and projected onto the fundus Ef, the visible light can be clearly recognized due to correction of a refractive error of the eye E, and then the examinee can fixate his eye to the light emitted from the fixation light 36.
  • An image of a focus index (an image on an index plate 47) photographed by the camera 32 along with an image of a fundus Ef by the camera 32 is utilized for adjusting the focus by moving the lens 23.
  • the examiner While observing the infrared fundus image and the image of the focus index photographed by the camera 32 and displayed on the LCD 53, the examiner operates the switch 56 to adjust the focus of the image of the focus index. By doing this operation, it is possible to correct the gap with a focus position derived from the refractive error of the eye E.
  • the control unit 50 obtains a travel position (a movement amount) by recognizing the number of rotary pulses of the motor 40 and converts it into diopters indicating a refractive degree and displays on the LCD 53.
  • the display of the diopter may be a guideline for the examiner to note a degree of the refractive error of the eye E.
  • a degree of the refractive error is already known, a moving direction of the lens 23 is easily recognized, and the focus of the fundus image is easily adjusted by comparing the known degree and the information displayed on the LCD 53.
  • the fixation light 36 can be used in a manner that the examinee can easily and clearly recognize it from the start.
  • the fixation light 36 is moved in a preferred direction by operating the adjustment knob 37.
  • the examiner can easily recognize where to move the fixation light 36 because the image of the fixation light 36 is shown along with the fundus image on the LCD 53.
  • the examiner After completing adjustment of the focus to observe an image of the fundus Ef to be photographed, the examiner generates a trigger signal by pressing a photographing switch 55.
  • a control unit 50 causes the firing (lighting) to the lamp 13 in order to illuminate the fundus Ef with visible illumination light. Visible reflection light from the fundus Ef enters the camera 26 as it proceeds along the optical path mentioned above.
  • Picture signals from the camera 26 are inputted to the image memory/image-processing unit 51, and a still picture is stored in the image memory/image-processing unit 51 in synchronism with the firing (lighting) of the lamp 13.
  • the photographed image is inputted into the LCD 53 via the image-converting unit 52, and the image of the fundus Ef is shown in color on the LCD 53.
  • An image storage unit 60 such as an MO (a magneto-optical disk) and/or a memory card, for storing a large amount of image data is connected to the control unit 50 so that the image storage unit 60 can preserve the photographed image stored in the image memory/image-processing unit 51. It is possible that the image data stored in the image memory/image-processing unit 51 and the image storage unit 60 are output and sent to an external computer 70 connected thereto with a communication cable, so that the image of the fundus Ef is freely displayed and observed on a display 71 connected to the computer 70, and that the image is printed out by a printer 72. For example, when a memory card is used as the image storage unit 60, the computer 70 reads in the data stored in the memory card and sends them out to display the image of the fundus on the display 71, and to print it out by using the printer 72.
  • a memory card is used as the image storage unit 60
  • the computer 70 reads in the data stored in the memory card and sends them out to display the image of the fundus on

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Claims (7)

  1. Un appareil photographique de fond d'oeil pour photographier un fond (Ef) d'un oeil (E) à examiner, l'appareil photographique comprenant :
    un système optique d'illumination (1) pour illuminer le fond de l'oeil avec de la lumière d'illumination visible pour la photographie et avec de la lumière d'illumination infrarouge pour l'observation;
    un système optique de photographie (2) pour photographier une image du fond avec la lumière visible réfléchie par le fond, le système optique de photographie incluant un premier élément photographique (26) ayant une sensibilité à une gamme de longueur d'onde visible et étant disposé sur un premier chemin optique (P0, P1) du système optique de photographie;
    un système optique d'observation (3) pour photographier une image du fond avec de la lumière infrarouge réfléchie par le fond, le système optique d'observation incluant un second élément photographique (32) ayant une sensibilité à une gamme de longueur d'onde infrarouge et étant disposé sur un second chemin optique (P2, P3) du système optique d'observation; et
    un système optique de projection de cible de fixation (35) pour émettre une lumière visible de fixation d'oeil et incluant une source de lumière de fixation (36) disposée sur un troisième chemin optique (P4) du système optique de projection de cible de fixation, ce troisième chemin optique étant séparé à partir du second chemin optique par un élément de séparation de lumière (31),
       caractérisé en ce que :
    un premier miroir de sélection de longueur d'onde (25) est disposé sur le premier chemin optique (P0, P1) de façon à séparer le second chemin optique à partir du premier chemin optique et à réfléchir vers l'oeil la lumière de cible de fixation visible émise par la source de lumière de fixation, le premier miroir de sélection de longueur d'onde ayant une propriété de sélection de longueur d'onde selon laquelle il réfléchit presque toute la lumière infrarouge réfléchie à partir du fond.
  2. L'appareil photographique de fond d'oeil selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre une unité de déplacement (37) adaptée pour déplacer la source de lumière de fixation (36) à l'intérieur d'un plan perpendiculaire à un axe optique du troisième chemin optique.
  3. L'appareil photographique de fond d'oeil selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le système optique d'illumination comprend :
    un système optique d'illumination visible (13, 14) pour illuminer le fond avec de la lumière d'illumination visible, et incluant une première source de lumière (13); et
    un système optique d'illumination infrarouge (10, 11) pour illuminer le fond de la lumière d'illumination infrarouge, et incluant une seconde source de lumière (10).
  4. L'appareil photographique de fond d'oeil selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la seconde source de lumière (10) comprend une lampe (10) émettant de la lumière d'illumination blanche, et
       le système optique d'illumination infrarouge (10, 11) comprend en outre un filtre de transmission infrarouge (11), grâce à quoi le fond est illuminé avec de la lumière d'illumination infrarouge filtrée.
  5. L'appareil photographique de fond d'oeil selon la revendication 3 ou 4, comprend en outre un second miroir de sélection de longueur d'onde (15) disposé sur les chemins optiques du système optique d'illumination visible (13, 14) et du système optique d'illumination infrarouge (10, 11) pour les rendre coaxiaux, dans lequel le second miroir de sélection de longueur d'onde a une propriété de sélection de longueur d'onde consistant à transmettre la lumière d'illumination infrarouge ou la lumière d'illumination visible et à réfléchir l'autre.
  6. L'appareil photographique de fond d'oeil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le premier miroir de sélection de longueur d'onde (25) a une propriété de sélection de longueur d'onde consistant à transmettre approximativement 80% à 90% de la lumière visible et à réfléchir approximativement 20% à 10% de la lumière visible.
  7. L'appareil photographique de fond d'oeil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre une unité de visualisation (53) pour visualiser une image photographiée par le second élément photographique (32),
       dans lequel la source de lumière de fixation (36) est disposée à une position conjuguée d'une surface de photographie du second élément photographique, de façon que l'unité de visualisation visualise une image de la source de lumière de fixation.
EP01107046A 2000-03-22 2001-03-21 Caméra de fond d'oeil comportant un système d'illumination en lumière visible et invisible Expired - Lifetime EP1138256B1 (fr)

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JP2000081048 2000-03-22
JP2000081048A JP3718098B2 (ja) 2000-03-22 2000-03-22 眼底カメラ

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EP1138256A2 EP1138256A2 (fr) 2001-10-04
EP1138256A3 EP1138256A3 (fr) 2003-07-02
EP1138256B1 true EP1138256B1 (fr) 2005-11-23

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JP2000098290A (ja) * 1998-09-28 2000-04-07 Nidek Co Ltd 光学装置
JP4231146B2 (ja) * 1999-04-05 2009-02-25 株式会社トプコン 眼底カメラ

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JP2001258847A (ja) 2001-09-25
DE60115126T2 (de) 2006-08-03
JP3718098B2 (ja) 2005-11-16
US20010024263A1 (en) 2001-09-27
DE60115126D1 (de) 2005-12-29
EP1138256A3 (fr) 2003-07-02
EP1138256A2 (fr) 2001-10-04
US6669339B2 (en) 2003-12-30

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