EP1102748A1 - Neue, antikonvulsiv wirkende 4-amino-1-aryl-pyridin-2-one und verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents
Neue, antikonvulsiv wirkende 4-amino-1-aryl-pyridin-2-one und verfahren zu deren herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1102748A1 EP1102748A1 EP99941472A EP99941472A EP1102748A1 EP 1102748 A1 EP1102748 A1 EP 1102748A1 EP 99941472 A EP99941472 A EP 99941472A EP 99941472 A EP99941472 A EP 99941472A EP 1102748 A1 EP1102748 A1 EP 1102748A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- amιno
- general formula
- compounds
- pyπdιn
- pyrιdιn
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/72—Nitrogen atoms
- C07D213/73—Unsubstituted amino or imino radicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/44—Radicals substituted by doubly-bound oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atoms, or by two such atoms singly-bound to the same carbon atom
- C07D213/46—Oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/72—Nitrogen atoms
- C07D213/74—Amino or imino radicals substituted by hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
Definitions
- the invention relates to new 4-amino-1-aryl-pyrid-2-one, processes for their preparation and their use as medicaments, in particular for the treatment of various forms of epilepsy
- the invention is therefore based on the object of making available new compounds with favorable pharmacological properties which can be used in particular as medicaments having an antiepileptic effect
- these new compounds are 4-amino-1-aryl-pyrid-2-one of the general formula 1
- X hydrogen, C-
- -C4-alkoxy, T ⁇ fluormethyl, T ⁇ fluormethoxy or halogen and A amino, C-
- the compounds of general formula 1 can by a new method by reacting the compounds of general formula 2
- X hydrogen, -C -C 4 alkyl, C-
- R C 1 -C 4 alkyl
- Py ⁇ midine derivatives of the general formula 2 can be synthesized in a simple manner (Chem Heterocycl Compd, 24 (8), (1988), 914-919, Khim Geterotsikl Soedin, 8, (1988), 1109-1114)
- the compounds of the general formula 1 are prepared in two process stages, py ⁇ midine derivatives of the general formula 2 in an alkaline medium, preferably in 5 to 50 percent sodium hydroxide solution, 0.1 to 10 hours, preferably one hour, at 50 ° C. to 150 ° C.
- the mixture is then heated to 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. with strong acids, preferably 50 to 98 percent sulfuric acid, for 10 to 30 minutes by known methods.
- the primary amino group can be mono- or dialkylated using known methods , 4-D ⁇ brombutan, 1, 5-D ⁇ brompentan or D ⁇ - (2-chloroethyl) ether
- the compounds of general formula 1 according to the invention are suitable for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions. These pharmaceutical compositions contain at least one of the compounds of general formula 1 according to the invention
- the medicaments can be used, for example, parenterally (for example intravenously, intramuscularly subcutaneously) or orally.
- parenterally for example intravenously, intramuscularly subcutaneously
- the appropriate forms of application are produced by methods which are generally known and customary in pharmaceutical practice
- the compounds according to the invention were in vivo after ip application to mice or after (po application) to rats according to the international standard (Pharmac Weekblad, Sc Ed 14, 132 (1992) and Antiepileptic Drugs, Third Ed, Raven Press, New York 1989) tested for their anticonvulsant activity (Table 1)
- known antiepileptics either work in the model maximum electric shock only at higher doses or have stronger, undesirable (neurotoxic) side effects
- a 4-aminopyridin-2-one (example 1-15) prepared according to the general synthesis instructions is alkylated with a suitable alkylating agent such as dimethyl sulfate or di (2-chloroethyl) ether in the presence of sodium methylate.
- a suitable alkylating agent such as dimethyl sulfate or di (2-chloroethyl) ether in the presence of sodium methylate.
- the reaction mixture is introduced into water.
- the precipitate is separated off and recrystallized.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19835918 | 1998-08-07 | ||
DE19835918A DE19835918A1 (de) | 1998-08-07 | 1998-08-07 | Neue antikonvulsiv wirkende 4-Amino-1-aryl-pyridin-2-one und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
PCT/EP1999/005399 WO2000007988A1 (de) | 1998-08-07 | 1999-07-28 | Neue, antikonvulsiv wirkende 4-amino-1-aryl-pyridin-2-one und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1102748A1 true EP1102748A1 (de) | 2001-05-30 |
Family
ID=7876889
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99941472A Withdrawn EP1102748A1 (de) | 1998-08-07 | 1999-07-28 | Neue, antikonvulsiv wirkende 4-amino-1-aryl-pyridin-2-one und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Country Status (21)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6071911A (no) |
EP (1) | EP1102748A1 (no) |
JP (1) | JP2002522420A (no) |
KR (1) | KR20010074802A (no) |
CN (1) | CN1322197A (no) |
AR (1) | AR021186A1 (no) |
AU (1) | AU5507499A (no) |
BG (1) | BG105196A (no) |
BR (1) | BR9912849A (no) |
CA (1) | CA2279692C (no) |
DE (1) | DE19835918A1 (no) |
HU (1) | HUP0103204A3 (no) |
IL (1) | IL141200A0 (no) |
NO (1) | NO20010575L (no) |
NZ (1) | NZ509914A (no) |
PL (1) | PL346013A1 (no) |
RU (1) | RU2001106634A (no) |
SK (1) | SK2002001A3 (no) |
TR (1) | TR200100370T2 (no) |
WO (1) | WO2000007988A1 (no) |
ZA (1) | ZA200100999B (no) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NZ522773A (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2005-06-24 | Eisai Co Ltd | 1,2-dihydropyridine compounds, manufacturing method thereof and use thereof |
GB0129260D0 (en) | 2001-12-06 | 2002-01-23 | Eisai London Res Lab Ltd | Pharmaceutical compositions and their uses |
MY148809A (en) | 2004-07-06 | 2013-05-31 | Eisai R&D Man Co Ltd | Crystals of 1,2-dihydropyridine compound and their production process |
AU2019395288A1 (en) | 2018-12-14 | 2021-09-23 | Eisai R&D Management Co., Ltd. | Aqueous based pharmaceutical formulations of 1,2-dihydropyridine compounds |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS51118768A (en) * | 1975-02-19 | 1976-10-18 | Shigeo Senda | Method for preparing 4-amino-2-pyridone derivatives |
DE3369315D1 (en) * | 1982-10-27 | 1987-02-26 | Degussa | Derivatives of 2-amino-3-acylamino-6-benzylamino pyridine with an anti-epileptic activity |
-
1998
- 1998-08-07 DE DE19835918A patent/DE19835918A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-07-28 JP JP2000563622A patent/JP2002522420A/ja active Pending
- 1999-07-28 TR TR2001/00370T patent/TR200100370T2/xx unknown
- 1999-07-28 WO PCT/EP1999/005399 patent/WO2000007988A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-07-28 CN CN99811849A patent/CN1322197A/zh active Pending
- 1999-07-28 AU AU55074/99A patent/AU5507499A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-28 PL PL99346013A patent/PL346013A1/xx unknown
- 1999-07-28 SK SK200-2001A patent/SK2002001A3/sk unknown
- 1999-07-28 RU RU2001106634/04A patent/RU2001106634A/ru unknown
- 1999-07-28 EP EP99941472A patent/EP1102748A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-07-28 HU HU0103204A patent/HUP0103204A3/hu unknown
- 1999-07-28 KR KR1020017001574A patent/KR20010074802A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-07-28 IL IL14120099A patent/IL141200A0/xx unknown
- 1999-07-28 BR BR9912849-7A patent/BR9912849A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-28 NZ NZ509914A patent/NZ509914A/xx unknown
- 1999-08-05 CA CA002279692A patent/CA2279692C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-08-06 AR ARP990103952A patent/AR021186A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-08-06 US US09/370,640 patent/US6071911A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-01-30 BG BG105196A patent/BG105196A/xx unknown
- 2001-02-02 NO NO20010575A patent/NO20010575L/no unknown
- 2001-02-06 ZA ZA200100999A patent/ZA200100999B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0007988A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20010575D0 (no) | 2001-02-02 |
KR20010074802A (ko) | 2001-08-09 |
NZ509914A (en) | 2002-11-26 |
CN1322197A (zh) | 2001-11-14 |
AR021186A1 (es) | 2002-07-03 |
BG105196A (en) | 2001-12-29 |
SK2002001A3 (en) | 2002-01-07 |
TR200100370T2 (tr) | 2001-08-21 |
US6071911A (en) | 2000-06-06 |
HUP0103204A2 (hu) | 2002-04-29 |
JP2002522420A (ja) | 2002-07-23 |
AU5507499A (en) | 2000-02-28 |
ZA200100999B (en) | 2001-12-14 |
NO20010575L (no) | 2001-04-04 |
CA2279692C (en) | 2003-10-07 |
CA2279692A1 (en) | 2000-02-07 |
BR9912849A (pt) | 2001-05-08 |
HUP0103204A3 (en) | 2002-06-28 |
PL346013A1 (en) | 2002-01-14 |
RU2001106634A (ru) | 2004-02-27 |
DE19835918A1 (de) | 2000-02-10 |
IL141200A0 (en) | 2002-02-10 |
WO2000007988A1 (de) | 2000-02-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE3503435C2 (no) | ||
DE2915318A1 (de) | Cycloalkyltriazole, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und diese enthaltende arzneimittel | |
DE2818672A1 (de) | Alpha-(1-r-3-azetidinyl)-alpha- phenyl-alpha-substituierte-acetamide oder -acetonitrile, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und verwendung zur behandlung von herzarrhythmien | |
DE2505297A1 (de) | Neue 2-arylamino-2-imidazolinderivate und ein verfahren zu deren herstellung | |
DE3856387T2 (de) | 1,2,3,4,10,14b-HEXAHYDRODIBENZO-c,f]PYRAZINO-1,2-a]AZEPINO-DERIVATE | |
DE1670305C3 (de) | 5-Phenyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3H-1,5-benzodiazepine und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung | |
EP1102748A1 (de) | Neue, antikonvulsiv wirkende 4-amino-1-aryl-pyridin-2-one und verfahren zu deren herstellung | |
DE2535599C2 (de) | Substituierte Zimtsäureamide, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und pharmazeutische Zubereitungen, welche diese Verbindungen enthalten | |
DE3438244C2 (no) | ||
EP0863880B1 (de) | Neue, antikonvulsiv wirkende 1-ar(alk)yl-imidazolin-2-one, die in 4-stellung einen disubstituierten amin-rest enthalten, und verfahren zu deren herstellung | |
DE2726849A1 (de) | Dihydro- und tetrahydro-iminothiazine | |
DE1595894A1 (de) | Neue 1,5-Diazabicyclo[3,3,0]octan-2,6-dione | |
DE2143590A1 (de) | 1-Nitrosopyrrolidine und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung | |
WO2002018381A1 (de) | ANTIKONVULSIV WIRKENDE 6,7-DIHYDRO-PYRROLO[3,4-b]PYRIDIN-5-ONE UND VERFAHREN ZU DEREN DARSTELLUNG | |
DE2748794C2 (de) | Malonylharnstoffkomplexe, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und diese enthaltende pharmazeutische Zusammensetzungen | |
DE3781249T2 (de) | Einige cycloalka(b)pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyridin-3-on-derivate. | |
EP0024038B1 (de) | 4-Phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrazolo(3,4-b)-(1,5)-diazepin-1H,4H-5,7-dione, Verfahren zu ihrer Darstellung und diese enthaltende Arzneimittel | |
DE1443376C3 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 2-Amino-alpha-substituierten Benzylidenaminen, sowie neue 2-Amino-alpha-substituierte Benzylidenamine als solche | |
DE2116252A1 (de) | Dihydrotnazine, ihre Saureadditions salze und N Acyldenvate, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Arzneimittel, die diese Verbindungen als Wirkstoffe ent halten | |
DE2158468A1 (de) | Neue Imidazolin-Verbindungen, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und diese enthaltende pharmazeutische Präparate | |
DE2628642C2 (de) | In 2-Stellung substituierte 1,3-Diaza-fünfringkohlenstoffverbindungen, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und diese enthaltende pharmazeutische Mittel | |
DE2730312A1 (de) | (2-azabicyclo eckige klammer auf 2.2.2 eckige klammer zu octan-2-yl) diphenyl-alkanone, verfahren zu deren herstellung sowie dieselben enthaltende pharmazeutische praeparate | |
AT281812B (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von neuen 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranderivaten und ihren salzen | |
DE2551591A1 (de) | 4-(4-diphenylyl)-butylamine und pharmazeutische zusammensetzungen | |
DE1795782C3 (de) | N-Trityl-imidazole |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20010205 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: LT PAYMENT 20010205;LV PAYMENT 20010205;MK PAYMENT 20010205;RO PAYMENT 20010205;SI PAYMENT 20010205 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: GRIZIK, SOFIA Inventor name: GRANIK, VLADIMIR Inventor name: ROSTOCK, ANGELIKA Inventor name: BARTSCH, RENI Inventor name: ARNOLD, THOMAS Inventor name: UNVERFERTH, KLAUS Inventor name: LANKAU, HANS-JOACHIM |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: GRIZIK, SOFIA Inventor name: GRANIK, VLADIMIR Inventor name: ROSTOCK, ANGELIKA Inventor name: BARTSCH, RENI Inventor name: ARNOLD, THOMAS Inventor name: UNVERFERTH, KLAUS Inventor name: LANKAU, HANS-JOACHIM |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: ELBION AG |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: ELBION AG |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20050201 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: WD Ref document number: 1033942 Country of ref document: HK |