EP1101007B1 - Türscharnier mit integrierter türbremse - Google Patents
Türscharnier mit integrierter türbremse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1101007B1 EP1101007B1 EP99963144A EP99963144A EP1101007B1 EP 1101007 B1 EP1101007 B1 EP 1101007B1 EP 99963144 A EP99963144 A EP 99963144A EP 99963144 A EP99963144 A EP 99963144A EP 1101007 B1 EP1101007 B1 EP 1101007B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hinge
- door
- wing
- screw bolt
- thread
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001125879 Gobio Species 0.000 claims 10
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000418 atomic force spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
- E05D11/00—Additional features or accessories of hinges
- E05D11/08—Friction devices between relatively-movable hinge parts
- E05D11/087—Friction devices between relatively-movable hinge parts with substantially axial friction, e.g. friction disks
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
- E05D5/00—Construction of single parts, e.g. the parts for attachment
- E05D5/10—Pins, sockets or sleeves; Removable pins
- E05D5/12—Securing pins in sockets, movably or not
- E05D5/121—Screw-threaded pins
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
- E05Y2900/53—Type of wing
- E05Y2900/531—Doors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a door hinge according to the Preamble of claim 1.
- door hinges are known, the hinge pin of which one Hinge eyes penetrating two hinge wings of a door hinge smooth cylindrical part of the shaft and then one Has threaded section.
- the smooth-faced cylindrical shaft part of the mutually pivotable Storage of the two hinge wings and the threaded section of the Hinge pin either for screwing on a securing part, which to prevent the hinge from falling apart, or to Screwing on a decorative element that visually complements the hinge.
- the threaded portion of the serves no known hinge Hinge pin other than the hinge function.
- DE-A-196 25 556 describes a motor vehicle door hinge with an integrated one Door brake with the hinge pin in a first half of the hinge is secured against rotation and passes through a second hinge half, wherein in a first area of the hinge pin projecting radially thereon Wedge surfaces are arranged with correspondingly shaped wedge surfaces the hinge eye bore receiving the hinge pin of the second Hinge half define a wedge surface pair that the braking forces and Braking torques depending on the respective opening angle of the Apply the motor vehicle door. In a second area of the hinge pin this is provided with toothing circumferentially. In the corresponding Sections of the second half of the hinge are also toothings provided that does not engage with the teeth of the hinge pin stand, but limit brake discs inside and outside.
- FR-A-1 340 951 describes one structurally combined with a door hinge Door brake or one structurally combined with a door hinge Door lock, which as a hinge pin one in the hinge eyes of two Hinge wing engaging part with a central axial and conical Has recess, which has a cylindrical outer circumference. In the recess engages a correspondingly conical brake and Locking part, which one against the other hinge wing supported bolt can be brought into a preloaded position such that an increased tightening of the bolt to a increased braking or locking force.
- Door brakes designed in this way door locks can basically be integrated in a door hinge, but require a plurality of some with considerable precision components to be manufactured, resulting in a considerable manufacturing and Assembly effort results.
- a disadvantage of these known designs of door brakes and door locks the need to them regarding the brake or holding force to be applied individually, whereby a specifically optimal effect can be achieved, but for a more modern one Series production is unsuitable.
- a door hinge according to the preamble of claim 1 to create a with an integrable door brake requires little material and assembly.
- the door hinge according to the invention enables even when high Braking and holding forces largely wear and noise-free Work.
- the integration of the door brake, which also functions as a Door lock can meet, does not require any constructional enlargement two hinge wings and / or the hinge eyes, so that the Door hinge can be accommodated in the usual design and also the held loads, in particular by the weight load of a Motor vehicle door, worn in the same dimensions of the door hinge can be.
- the door hinge according to the invention takes advantage of the fact that from a moving in the area of its elastic deformation axial expansion of the hinge pin as a braking or locking force usable axial pressure between the opposing Commercial areas of the hinge eyes of the two hinge wings can be derived and can therefore also with relatively high braking forces, at least in principle, on the use of special braking agents, such as Brake discs or the like, waive.
- the use according to the invention of a when opening the door Forced thread to force an axial Elongation of the hinge pin has the additional advantage that some of the pivoting movement of the door counteracting force from the increased with increased surface pressure Friction between the thread flanks to be moved against each other results in a damping of the braking force curve, especially when Closing the door entails closing the door as well damped and thus runs in a controlled manner.
- the nut thread is in the hinge eye of the other Hinge formed so that a threaded Turn the screw bolt with its thread against the nut thread can.
- an abutment part is alternatively or cumulatively possible to provide, in which the mother winch is formed, which with the thread of the bolt engages, the abutment part in turn non-rotatable or non-rotatable with the other hinge wing is connectable.
- a door hinge with a door brake as detachable door hinge can be provided that the the Nut thread in the hinge pin forming screw bolts one in the axial extension of the hinge eye of the other Hinge wing connected to this and non-rotatable with it connected abutment part is arranged
- the screw bolt is expediently provided with one Equipped head and the non-rotatable Connection of one hinge wing to the screw bolt Head is arranged adjacent, which then expediently the the hinge pin via a smooth, cylindrical shaft section forming bolt to force axial elongation in its elastic deformation range as a function of the nut movement associated with the opening movement of the door in an axial Extension of the hinge eye on the hinge pin other hinge wing is arranged.
- a further measure deemed appropriate cannot be taken for one intended separable hinge training consist in that the hinge pin via a smooth, cylindrical shaft section forming bolts in its threaded one Area towards its shaft section reduced Has diameter and that the extension of Hinge eye bore of the other hinge wing Nut thread of the hinge eye bore also opposite one has a smaller clear diameter.
- Thread section of the bolt forming the hinge pin is equipped with a saw thread.
- the mutual support of the mutually facing commercial areas of the Hinge eyes of both hinge wings can also be provided that the between the two facing commercial areas of the Hinge eyes of both hinge wings activated friction reducing Pressure distribution element either in a somewhat more complex manner than Thrust bearing or in a simpler design than normal Thrust washer is formed.
- the mutual support of the mutually facing commercial areas of the Hinge eyes of both hinge wings are also provided according to the invention be at least one of the two facing each other Commercial areas of the hinge eyes of both hinge wings with one Lubricant coating is equipped, or that at least one of the two mutually facing commercial areas of the hinge eyes of both Hinge wing is surface-treated, in particular surface hardened.
- the commercial area of one to the commercial area of the other Hinge eye changing application of the above measures are also falls into the application according to the invention.
- one with an integrated door brake equipped door hinge for motor vehicle doors can also be provided that the over a smooth cylindrical Shaft section of the bolts forming the hinge pin made of the same material with the one hinge wing and the Threaded portion of the bolt assigned to the nut thread containing abutment part in a predeterminable screw-in position of the Thread section of the bolt corresponding position on the other Hinge wing can be fixed.
- the wing hinge 0 shown schematically in Fig. 1 comprises a first Hinge wing 1 and a second hinge wing 2.
- the first Hinge wing 1 comprises a hinge eye 3 and a hinge leaf 5.
- Der second hinge wing 2 also includes a hinge eye 6 and one Hinge leaf 8.
- openings 4 or 7 in the form of bores or continuous recesses provided to connect the hinge wing 1 or 2 by means of (not serve) fastening screws with a door arrangement part, the door or the door pillar in the same way as the door arrangement part Come into consideration.
- the openings are in the corners of the Hinge leaves 5 and 8 arranged so that they are at different heights are laterally offset from each other. It is also particularly in Fig. 2 to recognize that the first hinge wing 1 arranged at the top Area of its hinge eye 3 only about half as high as the second, hinge wings 2 arranged below in the area of its hinge eye 6 fails.
- One the two hinge wings 1 and 2 pivotally to each other connecting hinge pin is designed as a bolt 10, the a cylindrical shaft section 9 and a polygonal, serving as a tool attachment head 11, the shaft portion 9 in the hinge eye 3 of the first hinge wing 1 in a known manner is secured against rotation.
- a hinge eye bore 12 of the The hinge eye 6 of the second hinge wing 2 is the shaft section 9 the bolt 10 by means of a bearing bush 13 from a maintenance-free storage material freely rotatable.
- the shaft section 9 passes through the hinge eye 6 about half.
- the screw bolt 10 has a beyond the shaft section 9 Length range 14 in which the bolt 10 in its Reduced diameter and with a sawtooth thread Thread 15 is provided.
- the length region 14 is an extension reduced diameter of the eye bore 12 of the hinge eye 6 assigned, wherein the extension is formed with a nut thread 16. It can be seen in particular in FIG. 2 that the length range 14 the The process is not completely penetrated, but rather a free space beyond the length range 14 of the bolt 10 remains.
- the wing hinge 0 creates with its inventive design an inexpensive and structurally simple integrated door brake in that one directed around the hinge axis designated 20 Pivotal movement of the first hinge wing 1 is forced to one increased screwing in of the thread section Length range 14 of the bolt 10 in the nut thread 16 in the other hinge wing 2 and thus necessarily to one axial expansion of the bolt 10 leads, whereby a increasing opening angle of the door (corresponding to the opening angle of the two hinge leaves 5 and 8) increasing braking or holding force results for the door.
- the stretch is due the unscrewing of the threaded section 14 is canceled again, so that the braking characteristics of those created by this measure Door brake is reproducible.
- the expansion of the bolt mainly in the area of elastic Shape change occurs due to tensile stress, and that as a result reproducibility on the one hand, but also on the other linear characteristic between force and elongation is a constant or linear Increase in braking force or locking force when opening the Door (or acceptance when the door closes) via the Turn angle guaranteed.
- the head 11 of the bolt 10 is expediently at the same time the stop, which prevents that by the Screwing into the thread of the bolt 10 moves downwards.
- This Function can also be done by the non-rotatable arrangement of the Shaft section 9 in the hinge eye 3 of the first hinge wing 1, e.g. can be achieved by a press fit.
- the bearing bush 13 is a collar bush formed, with a collar 17 of the bearing bush 13 between the mutually facing commercial areas 18 and 19 of the two Hinge eyes 3 and 6 engage.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Hinges (AREA)
- Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)
Description
Claims (15)
- Türscharnier mit integrierter Türbremse für Kraftwagentüren, dessen einer Scharnierflügel (1) an einem ersten Türanordnungsteil, und dessen zweiter Scharnierflügel (2) an einem anderen Türanordnungsteil anschlagbar ist, und dessen beide Scharnierflügel (1, 2) über einen als Schraubenbolzen (10) ausgebildeten Scharnierstift schwenkbar untereinander verbunden sind, wobei der dem Schraubenbolzen (10) gegenüber schwenkbewegliche Scharnierflügel (2) an einem glattflächigen Schaftteil (9) des Schraubenbolzens (10) gelagert ist, wobei der Schraubenbolzen (10) undrehbar mit dem einen Scharnierflügel (1) verbunden ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein undrehbar mit dem anderen Scharnierflügel (2) verbundenes Muttergewinde (16) dem Schraubenbolzen (10) zugeordnet ist. - Türscharnier nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schraubenbolzen (10) einen als Werkzeugansatz ausgebildeten Kopf (11) aufweist, der benachbart zu der drehsicheren Verbindung des einen Scharnierflügels (1) mit dem Schraubenbolzen (2) angeordnet ist.
- Türscharnier nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das dem über einen glattflächig zylindrischen Schaftabschnitt (9) den Scharnierstift bildenden Schraubenbolzen (10) zugeordnete Muttergewinde (16) in einer axialen Verlängerung eines diese am Scharnierstift lagernden Scharnierauges (6) des anderen Scharnierflügels (2) angeordnet ist.
- Türscharnier nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen die beiden einander zugewandten Gewerbeflächen (18, 19) der Scharnieraugen (3, 6) beider Scharnierflügel (1, 2) ein reibungsvermindernd gestaltetes Druckverteilungselement eingeschaltet ist.
- Türscharnier nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der über einen glattflächig zylindrischen Schaftabschnitt (9) den Scharnierstift bildende Schraubenbolzen (10) in dem der Scharnierlagerung zugeordneten Längenabschnitt des Scharnierauges (6) des anderen Scharnierflügels (2) vermittels einer Lagerbuchse (13) aus wartungsfreiem Lagermaterial gelagert ist, wobei die Lagerbuchse als Kragenbuchse (13) ausgebildet ist und der Kragen (17) der Lagerbuchse (13) zwischen die beiden einander zugewandten Gewerbeflächen (18, 19) der Scharnieraugen (3, 6) beider Scharnierflügel (1, 2) eingreifend angeordnet ist.
- Türscharnier nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zwischen die beiden einander zugewandten Gewerbeflächen (18, 19) der Scharnieraugen (3, 6) beider Scharnierflügel (1, 2) eingeschaltete reibungsvermindernde Druckverteilungselement als Axiallager (13) ausgebildet ist.
- Türscharnier nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schraubenbolzen (10) einen mit einem Gewinde (15) versehenen und mit dem Muttergewinde (16) zusammenwirkenden Längenbereich (14) aufweist.
- Türscharnier nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der über einen glattflächig zylindrischen Schaftabschnitt (9) den Scharnierstift bildende Schraubenbolzen (10) in seinem mit einem Gewinde ausgestatteten Längenbereich (14) einen seinem Schaftabschnitt (9) gegenüber verringerten Durchmesser aufweist.
- Türscharnier nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß das dem Schraubenbolzen (10) zugeordnete Muttergewinde (16) in einem in axialer Verlängerung des Scharnierauges (6) des anderen Scharnierflügels (2) an diesen (2) angeschlossenen und drehsicher mit diesem (2) verbundenen Widerlagerteil angeordnet ist.
- Türscharnier nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der über einen glattflächig zylindrischen Schaftabschnitt (9) den Scharnierstift bildende Schraubenbolzen (10) bau- und materialeinheitlich mit dem einen Scharnierflügel (1) ausgebildet und das dem Gewindeabschnitt (15) des Schraubenbolzens (10) zugeordnete, das Muttergewinde (16) enthaltende Widerlagerteil in einer einer vorgebbaren Einschraubstellung des Gewindeabschnittes (15) des Schraubenbolzens (10) entsprechenden Lage am anderen Scharnierflügel (2) festlegbar ist.
- Türscharnier nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen die beiden einander zugewandten Gewerbeflächen (18, 19) der Scharnieraugen (3, 6) beider Scharnierflügel (1, 2) eine Anlaufscheibe eingeschaltet ist.
- Türscharnier nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine der beiden einander zugewandten Gewerbeflächen (18, 19) der Scharnieraugen (3, 6) beider Scharnierflügel (1, 2) mit einer Gleitmittelbeschichtung ausgestattet ist.
- Türscharnier nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine der beiden einander zugewandten Gewerbeflächen (18, 19) der Scharnieraugen (3, 6) beider Scharnierflügel (1, 2) oberflächenbehandelt, insbesondere randschichtgehärtet, ist.
- Türscharnier nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der über einen glattflächig zylindrischen Schaftabschnitt (9) den Scharnierstift bildende Schraubenbolzen (10) vermittels eines zu dem Sägegewinde seines mit dem Muttergewinde (16) in dem anderen Scharnierflügel (2) zusammenwirkenden Gewindeabschnittes (15) gegenläufiges Gewinde, insbesondere einem Feingewinde, in dem einen Scharnierflügel (1) festgelegt ist.
- Türscharnier nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Türanordnungsteil eine Türsäule oder eine Tür ist und daß das andere Türanordnungsteil das entsprechende andere Teil ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19833924A DE19833924A1 (de) | 1998-07-28 | 1998-07-28 | Mit einer integrierten Türbremse ausgestattetes Türscharnier |
DE19833924 | 1998-07-28 | ||
PCT/DE1999/002152 WO2000006860A1 (de) | 1998-07-28 | 1999-07-09 | Türscharnier mit integrierter türbremse |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1101007A1 EP1101007A1 (de) | 2001-05-23 |
EP1101007B1 true EP1101007B1 (de) | 2002-04-17 |
Family
ID=7875566
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99963144A Expired - Lifetime EP1101007B1 (de) | 1998-07-28 | 1999-07-09 | Türscharnier mit integrierter türbremse |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1101007B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2002521599A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1311841A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE216459T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU5967099A (de) |
BR (1) | BR9912433A (de) |
DE (2) | DE19833924A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MXPA01000951A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000006860A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10308136B4 (de) * | 2003-02-26 | 2008-09-04 | Audi Ag | Türscharnier mit integriertem Türfeststeller für Kraftfahrzeugtüren |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004012006B3 (de) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-06-30 | Ise Innomotive Systems Europe Gmbh | Türscharnier für Kraftfahrzeuge |
JP2006160309A (ja) * | 2004-12-07 | 2006-06-22 | Hioki Ee Corp | 蓋体の軸支構造 |
PL1844206T3 (pl) | 2006-02-22 | 2009-06-30 | Goller Hans Peter | Przegub walcowy |
DE102006008525A1 (de) * | 2006-02-22 | 2007-08-30 | Hans-Peter Goller | Vorrichtung zum Befestigen einer Fahrzeugtür |
JP4192188B2 (ja) | 2006-06-14 | 2008-12-03 | 杉田エース株式会社 | 蝶番 |
DE102008035011A1 (de) | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-28 | Automobilscharniere Hasten Gmbh + Co. Kg | Anlenkvorrichtung |
ES1069294Y (es) * | 2008-12-01 | 2009-06-05 | Seat Sa | Bisagra para puertas de vehiculos |
DE102010011628B4 (de) * | 2010-03-16 | 2017-05-24 | Daimler Ag | Scharnier für eine Tür eines Kraftwagens |
KR101123852B1 (ko) | 2011-11-03 | 2012-03-22 | (주)부영금속공업 | 여닫이 도어용 경첩 |
DE202016106763U1 (de) * | 2016-12-05 | 2016-12-20 | Isaria Corporate Design Ag | Öffnungsbegrenzende Scharniervorrichtung |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3111704A (en) * | 1961-09-22 | 1963-11-26 | Atwood Vacuum Machine Co | Door hinge with friction type hold-open means |
FR1340951A (fr) | 1962-09-13 | 1963-10-25 | Inst Mecanisme | Dispositif d'articulation pour fenêtre ou porte basculante |
GB2166796B (en) * | 1984-11-08 | 1987-09-09 | Southco | Adjustable friction hinge |
DE19625556A1 (de) * | 1996-06-26 | 1998-01-02 | Hans Dipl Ing Kuehl | Scharnier mit Schwenkbremse |
-
1998
- 1998-07-28 DE DE19833924A patent/DE19833924A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-07-09 EP EP99963144A patent/EP1101007B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-09 AT AT99963144T patent/ATE216459T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-09 AU AU59670/99A patent/AU5967099A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-09 MX MXPA01000951A patent/MXPA01000951A/es unknown
- 1999-07-09 BR BR9912433-5A patent/BR9912433A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-07-09 DE DE59901271T patent/DE59901271D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-09 JP JP2000562626A patent/JP2002521599A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-07-09 WO PCT/DE1999/002152 patent/WO2000006860A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-07-09 CN CN99809209A patent/CN1311841A/zh active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10308136B4 (de) * | 2003-02-26 | 2008-09-04 | Audi Ag | Türscharnier mit integriertem Türfeststeller für Kraftfahrzeugtüren |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1311841A (zh) | 2001-09-05 |
WO2000006860A1 (de) | 2000-02-10 |
EP1101007A1 (de) | 2001-05-23 |
DE59901271D1 (de) | 2002-05-23 |
MXPA01000951A (es) | 2002-07-30 |
DE19833924A1 (de) | 2000-02-03 |
BR9912433A (pt) | 2001-10-23 |
AU5967099A (en) | 2000-02-21 |
JP2002521599A (ja) | 2002-07-16 |
ATE216459T1 (de) | 2002-05-15 |
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