EP1084295B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von papier - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung von papier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1084295B1
EP1084295B1 EP99947042A EP99947042A EP1084295B1 EP 1084295 B1 EP1084295 B1 EP 1084295B1 EP 99947042 A EP99947042 A EP 99947042A EP 99947042 A EP99947042 A EP 99947042A EP 1084295 B1 EP1084295 B1 EP 1084295B1
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Prior art keywords
carbon atoms
group
cationic
monomer
suspension
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French (fr)
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EP1084295A2 (de
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Oliver Struck
Hans Hällström
Rein Sikkar
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Akzo Nobel NV
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Akzo Nobel NV
Eka Chemicals AB
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp
    • D21H23/06—Controlling the addition
    • D21H23/08—Controlling the addition by measuring pulp properties, e.g. zeta potential, pH
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/06—Paper forming aids
    • D21H21/10—Retention agents or drainage improvers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/14—Secondary fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/01—Waste products, e.g. sludge
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
    • D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
    • D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
    • D21H17/28—Starch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
    • D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
    • D21H17/31—Gums
    • D21H17/32—Guar or other polygalactomannan gum
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
    • D21H17/375—Poly(meth)acrylamide
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/41—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups
    • D21H17/44—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups cationic
    • D21H17/45—Nitrogen-containing groups
    • D21H17/455—Nitrogen-containing groups comprising tertiary amine or being at least partially quaternised
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
    • D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
    • D21H17/68—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp
    • D21H23/06—Controlling the addition
    • D21H23/08—Controlling the addition by measuring pulp properties, e.g. zeta potential, pH
    • D21H23/10—Controlling the addition by measuring pulp properties, e.g. zeta potential, pH at least two kinds of compounds being added

Definitions

  • an aqueous suspension containing cellulosic fibres, and optional fillers and additives referred to as stock
  • a headbox which ejects the stock onto a forming wire.
  • Water is drained from the stock through the forming wire so that a wet web of paper is formed on the wire, and the web is further dewatered and dried in the drying section of the paper machine.
  • white water which usually contains fine particles, e.g. fine fibres, fillers and additives, is usually recirculated in the papermaking process.
  • the process further comprises forming and dewatering the suspension on a wire to obtain a wet web containing cellulosic fibres, or paper, and white water, recirculating the white water and optionally introducing fresh water to form a suspension containing cellulosic fibres, and optional fillers, to be dewatered to form paper, wherein the amount of fresh water introduced is less than 30 tons per ton of dry paper produced.
  • the cationic organic polymer having a hydrophobic group according to this invention can be linear, branched or cross-linked, e.g. in the form of a microparticulate material, preferably essentially linear.
  • the main polymer is water-soluble or water-dispersable.
  • the hydrophobic group of the main polymer is non-aromatic and it can be a pendent group attached to the polymer backbone (main chain) or, preferably, a hydrophobic group attached to a heteroatorn, e.g. nitrogen or oxygen, the nitrogen optionally being charged, which heteroatom, in turn, can be attached to the polymer backbone, for example via a chain of atoms.
  • n-hexyl and cyclohexyl heptyl, e.g. n-heptyl and cycloheptyl, octyl, e.g. n-octyl; nonyl, e.g. n-nonyl; decyl, e.g. n-decyl; undecyl, e.g. n-undecyl and dodecyl, e.g. n-dodecyl.
  • the linear and branched chain alkyl groups are generally preferred.
  • the main polymer can be selected from homopolymers and copolymers prepared from one or more monomers comprising at least one monomer having a hydrophobic group, suitably an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and the main polymer is preferably a vinyl addition polymer.
  • the cationic monomer having a non-aromatic hydrophobic group is represented by the general formula (I): wherein R 1 is H or CH 3 ; R 2 and R 3 are each H or, preferably, an alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, suitably 1 to 2 carbon atoms; A is O or NH; B is an alkylene group of from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, suitably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or a hydroxy propylene group; R 4 is a substituent containing a hydrophobic group, suitably a non-aromatic hydrocarbon group containing at least 2 carbon atoms, suitably from 3 to 12 and preferably from 4 to 8 carbon atoms; and X - is an anionic counterion, usually a halide like chloride.
  • R 1 is H or CH 3
  • R 2 and R 3 are each H or, preferably, an alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, suitably 1 to 2 carbon atoms
  • A is O or
  • the group R 4 usually comprises and, preferably, is selected from any of the linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups mentioned above and the total number of carbon atoms of the groups R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is usually at least 4, suitably at least 5 and preferably at least 6.
  • Suitable cationic monomers having a non-aromatic hydrophobic group include (meth)acryloxyethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-n-butylammonium chloride, (meth)acryloxyaminoethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-n-butylammonium chloride, (meth)acryloxypropyl-N, N-dimethyl-N-t-butylammonium chloride, (meth)acryloxyaminopropyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-t-butylammonium chloride, (meth)acryloxyaminopropyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-n-hexylammonium chloride, (meth)acryloxyethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-n-hexylammonium chloride, (meth)acryloxyethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-n-hexylammonium chloride, (
  • the main polymer can be a homopolymer prepared from a cationic monomer having a non-aromatic hydrophobic group or a copolymer prepared from a monomer mixture comprising a cationic monomer having a non-aromatic hydrophobic group and one or more copolymerizable monomers.
  • suitable copolymerizable monomers of this type include (meth)-acrylamide; acrylamide-based monomers like N-alkyl (meth)acrylamides and N,N-dialkyl (meth)acrylamides, e.g. N-n-propylacrylamide, N-isopropyl (meth)acrylamide, N-n-butyl (meth)acrylamide, N-isobutyl (meth)acrylamide and N-t-butyl (meth)acrylamide; and dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylamides, e.g.
  • Preferred copolymerizable non-ionic monomers include acrylamide and methacrylamide, i.e. (meth)acrylamide, and the main polymer is preferably an acrylamide-based polymer.
  • Suitable copolymerizable cationic monomers include the monomers represented by the general formula (III): wherein R 1 is H or CH 3 ; R 2 and R 3 are each H or, preferably, an alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. suitably 1 to 2 carbon atoms; A is O or NH; B is an alkylene group of from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, suitably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or a hydroxy propylene group; R 7 is H, a hydrocarbon group, suitably alkyl, having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, suitably 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
  • a substituent containing an aromatic group suitably a phenyl or substituted phenyl group, which can be attached to the nitrogen by means of an alkylene group usually having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, suitably 1 to 2 carbon atoms, for example a benzyl group (-CH 2 -C 6 H 5 ) or a phenylethyl group (-CH 2 -CH 2 -C 6 H 5 ); and X - is an anionic counterion. usually methylsulphate or a halide like chloride.
  • Suitable cationic copolymerizable monomers include acid addition salts and quaternary ammonium salts of the dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylamides and dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylates mentioned above, usually prepared using acids like HCl. H 2 SO 4 , etc., or quaternizing agents like methyl chloride, dimethyl sulphate, benzyl chloride, etc.; and diallyldialkylammonium halides like diallyldimethylammonium chloride.
  • Copolymerizable anionic monomers like acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, various sulfonated vinyl addition monomers, etc. can also be employed and, preferably, in minor amounts.
  • suitable main polymers include cationic vinyl addition polymers obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture comprising at least one non-cationic ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a non-aromatic hydrophobic group and at least one cationic ethylenically unsaturated monomer, the non-aromatic hydrophobic group being as defined above, and this invention further relates to a cationic vinyl addition polymer having a non-aromatic hydrophobic group, its preparation and use, as further defined in the claims.
  • R 1 is H or CH 3 ;
  • A is O or NH;
  • B is an al
  • the total number of carbon atoms of the groups R 8 and R 9 is usually at least 2, suitably at least 3 and notably from 3 to 6.
  • suitable copolymerizable monomers of this type include acrylamide-based monomers like N-alkyl (meth)acrylamides, e.g.
  • non-cationic monomers having a non-aromatic hydrophobic group include non-ionic monomers represented by the general formula (V): wherein R 1 is H or CH 3 ; A is O or NH; B is an alkylene group of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, suitably 2 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably ethylene (-CH 2 -CH 2 -) or propylene (-CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )- or -CH(CH 3 ) - CH 2 -); n is an integer of at least 1, suitably from 2 to 40 and preferably 3 to 20; R 10 is a substituent containing a hydrophobic group, suitably alkyl, having at least 2 carbon atoms, suitably from 3 to 12 and preferably from 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • V non-ionic monomers represented by the general formula (V): wherein R 1 is H or CH 3 ; A is O or NH; B is an alkylene group of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, suitably 2
  • suitable copolymerizable monomers of this type include alkyl (mono-, di- and polyethyleneglycol) (meth)acrylates and alkyl (mono-, di- and polypropyleneglycol) (meth)acrylates, e.g. ethyltriglycol (meth)acrylate and butyldiglycol (meth)acrylate.
  • the cationic monomer can be selected from any of the cationic monomers mentioned above, including the cationic monomers represented by the general formulae (I) and (III) as well as diallyldialkylammonium halides like diallyldimethylammonium chloride.
  • the monomer mixture according to the second embodiment may also comprise other copolymerizable monomers such as, for example, the non-ionic monomers represented by the general formula (II) above which may not have a hydrophobic group, suitably acrylamide and methacrylamide, and the anionic monomers mentioned above.
  • the monomer having a non-aromatic hydrophobic group is non-cationic and the monomer mixture thus also comprises a copolymerizable cationic monomer which suitably is present in an amount of from 2 to 50 mole% and preferably from 5 to 25 mole%.
  • silica-based particles of this type include colloidal aluminium-modified silica and aluminium silicates. Mixtures of such suitable silica-based particles can also be used. Drainage and retention aids comprising suitable anionic silica-based particles are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • the anionic inorganic particles are silica-based particles having a specific surface area within the range of from 50 to 1000 m 2 /g, preferably from 100 to 950 m 2 /g.
  • Sols of silica-based particles these types also encompass modified sols like aluminium-containing silica-based sols and boron-containing silica-based sols.
  • the silica-based particles are present in a sol having an S-value in the range of from 8 to 45%, preferably from 10 to 30%, containing silica-based particles with a specific surface area in the range of from 300 to 1000 m 2 /g, suitably from 500 to 950 m 2 /g, and preferably from 750 to 950 m 2 /g, which sols can be modified with aluminium and/or boron as mentioned above.
  • the particles can be surface-modified with aluminium to a degree of from 2 to 25% substitution of silicon atoms.
  • the S-value can be measured and calculated as described by Iler & Dalton in J. Phys. Chem. 60(1956), 955-957. The S-value indicates the degree of aggregate or microgel formation and a lower S-value is indicative of a higher degree of aggregation.
  • Aluminium compounds that can be used according to this invention include alum, aluminates, aluminium chloride, aluminium nitrate and polyaluminium compounds, such as polyaluminium chlorides, polyaluminium sulphates, polyaluminium compounds containing both chloride and sulphate ions, polyaluminium silicate-sulphates, and mixtures thereof.
  • the polyaluminium compounds may also contain other anions than chloride ions, for example anions from sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, organic acids such as citric acid and oxalic acid.
  • the components of the present drainage and retention aids are added into the stock to be dewatered in amounts which can vary within wide limits depending on, inter alia, type and number of components, type of furnish, filler content, type of filler, point of addition, salt content, etc. Generally the components are added in an amount that give better drainage and/or retention than is obtained when not adding the components.
  • the main polymer is usually added in an amount of at least 0.001%, often at least 0.005% by weight, based on dry stock substance, and the upper limit is usually 3% and suitably 1.5% by weight.
  • the anionic microparticulate material is usually added in an amount of at least 0.001% by weight, often at least 0.005% by weight, based on dry substance of the stock, and the upper limit is usually 1.0% and suitably 0.6% by weight.
  • the total amount added is suitably within the range of from 0.005 to 0.5% by weight, calculated as SiO 2 and based on dry stock substance, preferably within the range of from 0.01 to 0.2% by weight.
  • an LMW cationic organic polymer in the process it can be added in an amount of at least 0.05%, based on dry substance of the stock to be dewatered.
  • the amount is in the range of from 0.07 to 0.5%, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 0.35%.
  • the total amount introduced into the stock to be dewatered is dependent on the type of aluminium compound used and on other effects desired from it. It is for instance well known in the art to utilise aluminium compounds as precipitants for rosin-based sizing agents.
  • the total amount added is usually at least 0.05%, calculated as Al 2 O 3 and based on dry stock substance. Suitably the amount is in the range of from 0.5 to 3.0%, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 2.0%.
  • the invention is particularly useful in the manufacture of paper from stocks having high contents of salts of di- and multivalent cations, and usually this content is at least 200 ppm, suitably at least 300 ppm and preferably at least 400 ppm.
  • the invention is further suitably used in papermaking processes where white water is extensively recirculated (recycled), i.e. with a high degree of white water closure, for example where from 0 to 30 tons of fresh water are used per ton of dry paper produced, usually less than 20, suitably less than 15, preferably less than 10 and notably less than 5 tons of fresh water per ton of paper.
  • Recirculation of white water obtained in the process suitably comprises mixing the white water with cellulosic fibres and/or optional filters to form a suspension to be dewatered; preferably it comprises mixing the white water with a suspension containing cellulosic fibres, and optional fillers, before the suspension enters the forming wire for dewatering.
  • the suspensions can be based on fibres from chemical pulp such as sulphate, sulphite and organosolv pulps, mechanical pulp such as thermomechanical pulp, chemothermomechanical pulp, refiner pulp and groundwood pulp, from both hardwood and softwood, and can also be based on recycled fibres, optionally from de-inked pulps, and mixtures thereof.
  • chemical pulp such as sulphate, sulphite and organosolv pulps
  • mechanical pulp such as thermomechanical pulp, chemothermomechanical pulp, refiner pulp and groundwood pulp, from both hardwood and softwood
  • recycled fibres optionally from de-inked pulps, and mixtures thereof.
  • the furnish was the same as used in Example 2.
  • Stock volume was 800 ml, pH about 7 and conductivity was adjusted to 7.0 mS/cm by addition of calcium chloride (1300 ppm Ca), thus simulating a high electrolyte content and a high degree of white water closure.

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  • Paper (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papier aus einer Suspension enthaltend Cellulosefasern und gegebenenfalls Füllstoffe, umfassend das Zugeben zu der Suspension von Entwässerungs- und Retentionshilfsmitteln, umfassend ein kationisches organisches Polymer und anionisches mikropartikuläres Material, das Formen und Entwässern der Suspension auf einem Papiermaschinensieb, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kationische organische Polymer einen nicht-aromatischen hydrophoben Rest aufweist, wobei es sich um einen Alkylrest mit mindestens 3 Kohlenstoffatomen handelt, welcher ausgewählt ist aus n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, t-Butyl, Pentyl, Hexyl, Heptyl, Octyl, Nonyl, Decyl, Undecyl und Dodecyl, und dass die Suspension, welche auf dem Papiermaschinensieb entwässert wird, eine Leitfähigkeit von mindestens 2,0 mS/cm aufweist.
  2. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papier aus einer Suspension enthaltend Cellulosefasern und gegebenenfalls Füllstoffe, umfassend das Zugeben zu der Suspension von Entwässerungs- und Retentionshilfsmitteln, umfassend ein kationisches organisches Polymer und anionisches mikropartikuläres Material, das Formen und Entwässern der Suspension auf einem Papiermaschinensieb, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Suspension, die auf dem Papiermaschinensieb entwässert wird, eine Leitfähigkeit von mindestens 2,0 mS/cm aufweist und dass das kationische organische Polymer ein oder mehrere Monomere in polymerisierter Form umfasst, welche mindestens ein Monomer umfassen, welches einen nicht-aromatischen hydrophoben Rest aufweist, ausgewählt aus
    (i) einem kationischen Monomer mit einem nicht-aromatischen hydrophoben Rest, dargestellt durch die allgemeine Formel (I):
    Figure 00270001
       wobei R1 die Bedeutung H oder CH3 hat; R2 und R3 jeweils H oder einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatomen darstellen; A die Bedeutung O oder NH hat; B ein Alkylenrest mit 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen oder eine Hydroxypropylengruppe ist; R4 ein Substituent ist, welcher einen nicht-aromatischen hydrophoben Rest mit 3 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen aufweist; und X-ein anionisches Gegenion ist;
    (ii) einem nicht-ionischen Monomer mit einem nicht-aromatischen hydrophoben Rest, dargestellt durch die allgemeine Formel (IV):
    Figure 00270002
       wobei R1 die Bedeutung H oder CH3 hat; A die Bedeutung O oder NH hat; B ein Alkylenrest mit 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen oder eine Hydroxypropylengruppe ist, oder, in einer anderen Ausführungsform, A und B beide keine Bedeutung haben, wobei eine Einfachbindung zwischen C und N (O=C-NR8R9) vorliegt; R8 und R9 jeweils H oder ein Substituent sind, welcher einen nicht-aromatischen hydrophoben Rest mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen umfasst, wobei mindestens einer der Reste R8 und R9 ein Substituent ist, welcher einen hydrophoben Rest mit 2 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen umfasst; und
    (iii) einem nicht-ionischen Monomer mit einem nicht-aromatischen hydrophoben Rest, dargestellt durch die allgemeine Formel (V):
    Figure 00280001
    wobei R1 die Bedeutung H oder CH3 hat; A die Bedeutung O oder NH hat; B ein Alkylenrest mit 2 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen darstellt; n eine ganze Zahl von mindestens 1 ist; R10 ein Substituent ist, welcher einen hydrophoben Rest mit mindestens 2 Kohlenstoffatomen umfasst.
  3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kationische organische Polymer ein Vinyladditionspolymer ist, welches mindestens ein nicht-kationisches Monomer mit einem nicht-aromatischen hydrophoben Rest und mindestens ein kationisches Monomer in polymerisierter Form umfasst.
  4. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der hydrophobe Rest an ein Stickstoffatom oder Sauerstoffatom gebunden ist, welches seinerseits an das Polymergrundgerüst über eine Kette von Atomen angebunden ist.
  5. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, 2, 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der hydrophobe Rest ein Alkylrest mit 4 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen ist.
  6. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kationische organische Polymer ein Polymer auf der Basis von Acrylamid ist.
  7. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kationische organische Polymer ein kationisches Monomer mit einem nicht-aromatischen hydrophoben Rest, dargestellt durch die allgemeine Formel (I) in polymerisierter Form umfasst:
    Figure 00290001
    wobei R1 die Bedeutung H oder CH3 hat; R2 und R3 jeweils einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 2 Kohlenstoffatomen darstellen; A die Bedeutung O oder NH hat; B ein Alkylenrest mit 2 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen oder eine Hydroxypropylengruppe ist; R4 ein Substituent ist, welcher einen Alkylrest mit 4 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen aufweist; und X- ein anionisches Gegenion ist;
  8. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kationische organische Polymer ein nicht-ionisches Monomer mit einem nicht-aromatischen hydrophoben Rest, dargestellt durch die allgemeine Formel (IV) in polymerisierter Form umfasst:
    Figure 00290002
    wobei R1 die Bedeutung H oder CH3 hat; A die Bedeutung O oder NH hat; B ein Alkylenrest mit 2 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen oder eine Hydroxypropylengruppe ist, oder, in einer anderen Ausführungsform, A und B beide keine Bedeutung haben, wobei eine Einfachbindung zwischen C und N (O=C-NR8R9) vorliegt; R8 und R9 jeweils H oder ein Substituent sind, welcher einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen umfasst, wobei mindestens einer der Reste R8 und R9 ein Substituent ist, welcher einen Alkylrest mit 3 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen umfasst.
  9. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kationische organische Polymer ein nicht-ionisches Monomer mit einem nicht-aromatischen hydrophoben Rest, dargestellt durch die allgemeine Formel (V) in polymerisierter Form umfasst:
    Figure 00300001
    wobei R1 die Bedeutung H oder CH3 hat; A die Bedeutung O hat; B ein Alkylenrest mit 2 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen ist; n eine ganze Zahl von mindestens 1 ist; R10 ein Alkylrest mit mindestens 2 Kohlenstoffatomen ist.
  10. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kationische organische Polymer ein Vinyladditionspolymer ist, welches hergestellt ist aus einem Monomerengemisch umfassend 5 bis 25 Mol-% eines Monomers, welches einen nicht-aromatischen hydrophoben Rest aufweist, und 95 bis 75 Mol-% andere copolymerisierbare Monomere.
  11. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das anionische mikropartikuläre Material ausgewählt ist aus Partikeln auf der Basis von Siliciumdioxid und Bentonit.
  12. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Entwässerungs- und Retentionshilfsmittel weiterhin ein kationisches organisches Polymer mit niedrigem Molekulargewicht umfassen.
  13. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Suspension, welche auf dem Papiermaschinensieb entwässert wird, eine Leitfähigkeit von mindestens 3,5 mS/cm aufweist.
  14. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren weiterhin das Entwässern der Suspension auf einem Papiermaschinensieb, um eine Papiernassbahn und Kreislaufwasser zu erhalten, das Rückführen des Kreislaufwassers und gegebenenfalls das Zuführen von Frischwasser umfasst, um eine zu entwässernde Suspension zu bilden, welche Cellulosefasern und gegebenenfalls Füllstoffe enthält, wobei die Menge an eingeführtem Frischwasser weniger als 30 Tonnen pro Tonne hergestelltes trockenes Papier beträgt.
  15. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass weniger als 10 Tonnen Frischwasser pro Tonne hergestelltes trockenes Papier dem Prozess zugeführt werden.
  16. Kationisches Vinyladditionspolymer, umfassend, in polymerisierter Form,
    (a) mindestens ein nicht-kationisches Monomer mit einem nicht-aromatischen hydrophoben Rest;
    (b) mindestens ein kationisches Monomer; und
    (c) (Meth)acrylamid;
    wobei das kationisches Vinyladditionspolymer hergestellt wird aus einem Monomerengemisch umfassend 75 bis 95 Mol-% (Meth)acrylamid;
    (a) das mindestens eine nicht-kationische Monomer mit einem nicht-aromatischen hydrophoben Rest ein Monomer umfasst, dargestellt durch die allgemeine Formel (IV):
    Figure 00310001
       wobei R1 die Bedeutung H oder CH3 hat; A und B beide keine Bedeutung haben, wobei eine Einfachbindung zwischen C und N (O=C-NR8R9) vorliegt; R8 und R9 jeweils H oder ein Substituent sind, welcher einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen umfasst, wobei mindestens einer der Reste R8 und R9 ein Substituent ist, welcher einen Alkylrest mit 2 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen umfasst;
    (b) das mindestens eine kationische Monomer ein kationisches Monomer umfasst, welches ausgewählt ist aus:
    (i) kationischen Monomeren, dargestellt durch die allgemeine Formel (I):
    Figure 00320001
    wobei R1 die Bedeutung H oder CH3 hat; R2 und R3 jeweils H oder einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatomen darstellen; A die Bedeutung O oder NH hat; B ein Alkylenrest mit 2 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen oder eine Hydroxypropylengruppe ist; R4 ein nicht-aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 4 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen ist; und X- ein anionisches Gegenion ist;
    (ii) kationischen Monomeren, dargestellt durch die allgemeine Formel (III):
    Figure 00320002
    wobei R1 die Bedeutung H oder CH3 hat; R2 und R3 jeweils H oder ein Alkylrest mit 1 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatomen sind; A die Bedeutung O oder NH hat; B ein Alkylenrest mit 2 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen oder eine Hydroxypropylengruppe ist; R7 die Bedeutung H hat oder ein Alkylrest mit 1 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine Benzylgruppe oder eine Phenylethylgruppe ist; und X- ein anionisches Gegenion ist;
    (iii) und Gemischen davon.
  17. Kationisches Vinyladditionspolymer gemäß Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das (Meth)acrylamid Acrylamid ist.
  18. Kationisches Vinyladditionspolymer gemäß Anspruch 16 oder 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der nicht-aromatische hydrophobe Rest ein Alkylrest ist, welcher ausgewählt ist aus n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl und t-Butyl.
  19. Kationisches Vinyladditionspolymer gemäß einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kationische Vinyladditionspolymer ein kationisches Monomer, dargestellt durch die allgemeine Formel (I) in polymerisierter Form umfasst:
    Figure 00330001
    wobei R1 die Bedeutung H oder CH3 hat; R2 und R3 jeweils H oder einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatomen darstellen; A die Bedeutung O oder NH hat; B ein Alkylenrest mit 2 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen oder eine Hydroxypropylengruppe ist; R4 ein nicht-aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 4 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen ist; und X-ein anionisches Gegenion ist.
  20. Kationisches Vinyladditionspolymer gemäß einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kationische Vinyladditionspolymer ein kationisches Monomer, dargestellt durch die allgemeine Formel (III) in polymerisierter Form umfasst:
    Figure 00340001
    wobei R1 die Bedeutung H oder CH3 hat; R2 und R3 jeweils H oder einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatomen, geeigneterweise 1 bis 2 Kohlenstoffatomen, darstellen; A die Bedeutung O oder NH hat; B ein Alkylenrest mit 2 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen oder eine Hydroxypropylengruppe ist; R7 die Bedeutung H hat oder ein Alkylrest mit 1 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine Benzylgruppe oder eine Phenylethylgruppe ist; und X- ein anionisches Gegenion ist.
  21. Kationisches Vinyladditionspolymer gemäß einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kationische Vinyladditionspolymer aus einem Monomerengemisch hergestellt wird, umfassend 5 bis 25 Mol-% eines nicht-ionischen Monomers, welches einen nicht-aromatischen hydrophoben Rest aufweist, und 95 bis 75 Mol-% andere copolymerisierbare Monomere.
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