EP1029211B1 - A drying device - Google Patents

A drying device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1029211B1
EP1029211B1 EP98911351A EP98911351A EP1029211B1 EP 1029211 B1 EP1029211 B1 EP 1029211B1 EP 98911351 A EP98911351 A EP 98911351A EP 98911351 A EP98911351 A EP 98911351A EP 1029211 B1 EP1029211 B1 EP 1029211B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
kiln
drying device
drying
compartment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98911351A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1029211A1 (en
Inventor
Joze Plestenjak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Plestenjak Joze
Original Assignee
Plestenjak Joze
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SI9700284A external-priority patent/SI9700284B/sl
Priority claimed from SI9800094A external-priority patent/SI9800094B/sl
Application filed by Plestenjak Joze filed Critical Plestenjak Joze
Publication of EP1029211A1 publication Critical patent/EP1029211A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1029211B1 publication Critical patent/EP1029211B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/08—Humidity
    • F26B21/086—Humidity by condensing the moisture in the drying medium, which may be recycled, e.g. using a heat pump cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drying device, particulary for drying wood and semi-products of wood like veneer or sawn wood as well as other products comprising the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • a drying device is known from DE-A-2 441 855.
  • a groving tree as a woody perennial plant contains relatively huge amounts of moisture content warying from one kind to another which stays in the tree after being cut down.
  • wood contains capillaries in cells that contain free liquid and absorbed moleculas of water called moisture content which must be lowered to a certain level to satisfy needs of industrial use. For that reason, wood has to be properly treated, namely dried to a certain value of acceptable end moisture distribution content in a way to prevent occuring of all kinds of drying defects. The drying process is a mayor factor in economic terms.
  • Wood could be dried under natural circumstances in the open - air drying if wood climate relation conditions are good enough and consequently generating acceptable quality of dried sawn wood. It has to be considered that air drying of wood is a long term process which could extend into years. When finally wood is dried it needs proper storage conditions that include natural circulation of dry warm air and other terms of planning. It has to be considered that absorbed water in the wood can emerge and evapoprate with the help of sourrounding air flow only in case if the surface is not covered by rain fall water, snow or other substances.
  • the first type is a compartment type and tunnel kiln type. Both known types of drying devices can be characterized as stationary types.
  • the wood is placed in avaliable compartment which has the ability of generating different physical conditions like: temperature, humidity, air flow capacity and alike, with the intention of proceeding of the drying process.
  • the second type of drying devices the wood is transported with the help of horizontal transport unit through the drying device where it is sequently processed under different physical conditions, mainly for the purposes of gradualy executing the drying process.
  • Compartment type drying devices are cheaper, but with lower production rate in comparison with the tunnel kiln type drying devices, where investment costs are relatively high.
  • the wood is put into compartment by means of suitable transport carriages.
  • the ventilators placed on the ceiling or rarely on other locations an air flow is created which is in some cases blown transversely, yet by others the air flow is lead horizontaly and transversely and still in other versions the air is lead longitudinaly.
  • the transport units are constructed in a manner and with such dimensions that enable loading as great quantities of wood as possible in the kiln volume.
  • the wood is stacked by along ventilation in a way that air flow is possible at least in one horizontal plane.
  • a certain compromise has to be achieved with the consideration of dimensions of the air gap that is neccessary for air flow and the amount of wood in the kiln.
  • the hot air is then blown through the air gaps in order to fasten up the intensity of drying. When the hot air gets in contact with the wood containing high moisture level it absorbs it to its highest possible value, what causes enabling of absorption of moisture, that is still present deeper in the pile.
  • the compartment has warm-insulated walls.
  • the sawn wood is being stacked by longitudinaly ventilation in the kiln volume.
  • a ventilator which enables air flow passing through a heating register then continuing on trough stacked wood to the cooling register where the air flow is led in a way of repeating the same loop.
  • the air is warmed up then as passing trough the stacked wood it picks up moisture which is then released by passing trough the colling register to the warming register.
  • Such a combination is likely to create condensate if fresh sawn wood is processed but is quite suitable for wood with low moisture volume - the final touch - before being used up by industry.
  • a drying installation for wood which comprises a drying chamber with an air inlet and an air outlet. Both, the air inlet and the air outlet comprise a fan to cause an air circulation through the drying chamber. Furthermore, there are means to control the humidity of the incoming air. The two fans and the means for controlling the humidity are controlled by a control system. This drying installation has the drawback that, due to the two fans and the control system, it is very expensive.
  • a drying installation for wood with a drying chamber which is provided with a plurality of reversible electric fans for creating a circulation of air inside the chamber alternately in both directions.
  • a refrigerating circle is arranged within the drying chamber. This drying installation has the disadvantage that only few modifications of the air circulation are possible.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a drying device with a drying chamber wherein an air circulation can be created and the air circulation can be modified with simple and non-expensive means.
  • At least one ventilation unit With the microclimate went in closed position connected with the air shafts, ranging from the top of the kiln compartment ending in the kiln volume are generated conditions for creating an internal air circulation, but in open position the internal circulation gets in contact again with the help of the shafts with external athmosphere with parallell air flow of mostured air blown out of the kiln volume in the athmosphere and sucked in fresh dry air in the tunnel shaped air shaft due to the pressure difference. In the tunnel-shaped air shaft is recommended an instalation of heating elements.
  • the unit for stacking wood or other products intended for drying can be also equiped with accessories that enable vertical and horizontal stacking and longitudinal ventilation.
  • the accessories also can enable vertical positioning of dominant surfaces of the drying wood.
  • the distance holders that enable stacking of wood can be placed vertically in relationship to each another and are shorter than the vertical supports of the unit.
  • the said units can be mounted one on each other.
  • the botton carriage can be equiped by transport wheels.
  • an UV-emittor meant for emitting ultra-violet rays to the moisture contained in the air with the intention of eliminating the possibility of development culters like mould, fungi and other microorganismus.
  • the new drying device can be equiped with magnets assembled in the kiln compartment in bipolar arrangement what means that magnetization treatment influences on all the processes - chemical, phyisical and biological.
  • the drying device also can comprise a heating condensation device with a ventilator assembled in the opening of partition wall.
  • the heating condensation device can be designed in a way of iregular medium flow linking to increase condensation effect as well as heating emission.
  • a drying device shown in Fig. 1 - 3 is in generally designed for drying wood and other materials with the kiln compartment 1 constructed as to fulfill standards and other requirements known in the field of transport where standard containers are used for all known transport arguments.
  • the proportions of the kiln compartment 1 have certain advatages comparing with all till now known drying devices as well as certain limitations. In such a manner it is possible to exploit the drying device by the user either e.g. as a stationary or a mobile device with extremely quick and simple installation to appropriate location.
  • the wall 11 is equipped by a lifting loading door, in which is in this case fixed at least one system vent 111, which is otherwise arranged in the area of the said wall 11.
  • the system vent 111 In accordance with the general idea of the invention will the role of the system vent 111 be explained in more detail as follows.
  • kiln compartment 1 On the opposite side of the kiln compartment 1, namely on the top of the wall 12, there are fixed suitable integrated micro climate vents 1211 equiped with appropriate exaust funnels 1210, 1220 of the aerating respectively exhausting air shafts 121, 122 as a way by which the interior of the kiln compartment is connected with the external athmosphere.
  • the air shaft 121 connects or disconnects the exterior athmosphere and the interior area 10' near the top 100 of the kiln compartment 1; analogous the air shaft 122 is connected in the same way with the help of appropriate micro climate vent 1221 to external atmosphere and the interior space 10" near the bottom 101 of the kiln compartment 1 in a certain distance with respect to the back wall 12, where is also placed a heat condensation device 2.
  • the micro climate vent 1211 great advantages are obtained in cases when performing the drying program is in automatic mode.
  • the heating condensation device 2 is schematically shown in the Fig. 8 and consists of the folowing parts: a housing 20 equiped with an outlet 201 for condensate, a condensation unit 21, a heating unit 22, a compressor 23 and a throttle, which are mutually connected in appropriate circuit 26 together with condensation unit 21 and heating unit 22 and a ventilator 25 which enables an air flow from condensation unit 21 to heating unit 22 continuing on in the same direction towards other interior areas of the kiln compartment 1.
  • a heating condensation device 2 enables that warm moistured air with the help of condensation unit 21 reduces the amount of moisture in it formed as condensate flowing out trough a escape - pipe 201.
  • the air is warmed up in the heating unit 22 for approximately 2°C with respect to temperature of the air entering the kiln volume from its circumferential area.
  • the kiln compartment 1 is asembled the top of the kiln volume, partition wall with an air deflector 3 close to the heat condensation unit 2 in a certain distance from the side wall 12 which is connected with the bottom area 101 of the kiln compartment 1.
  • the air shafts 121, 122, and heat condensation device 2 are placed between the side wall 12 and the top area 100 with the air deflector 3 placed under the top area 100 of the kiln compartment 1 in a certain distance from the top area 100 extending to the door 11 with the system shaft 111 of the kiln compartment 1.
  • the top area 100 with air deflector 3 is positioned in relationship to top 100 and door 11 with the system shaft 111 of kiln compartment 1 in a way to close the passage 30 between the top 100, side wall 112 and the top with air deflector 3.
  • the system shaft 111 can be led in automatic mode.
  • the shape and the position of the air deflector 3 placed under the top area 100 enable forming a tunnel shaped air shaft 1000, in which is placed the ventilation unit 40 comprising two properly spaced ventilators 41, 42 installed near the air shafts 121, 122 with the possibility of two more ventilators 43, 44 placed in the middle part of the kiln compartment 1 equiped also with heating elements 430, 440.
  • At least one ventilaton unit 7 consisting of at least one ventilator 71 with the ability of angular disperson 72 of the current air flow.
  • ventilator In position when ventilator is arranged parallel to adjacent side wall of the kiln compartment 1 is in inactive state and - vice versa - when being swung in another position it is in the active state. Ventilator has to be swung in its inactive state e.g. when the carriages 5 are moved along the kiln volume 6 for whatever the reason.
  • Two ventilators 71', and 71" as shown in the Fig. 3 are separately arranged on appropriate supports 72', 72" each at the one side of the longitudinal side walls 13, 14 of the kiln compartment 1.
  • the carriage stacking unit 5 for wood as shown on Fig. 9 is equiped by wheels and foreseen for placing into the kiln volume 6.
  • the carriage stacking unit 5 is in accordance to the invention constructed in such a way that it enables stacking the wood in a vertical position with the help of vertical distant elements 51 that also enable vertical stacking 52 with ensuring stacking through the width in specific degree.
  • At least one stacking unit 5 is equiped by wheels 50 on Fig. 4 with the recommendation of having more stacking units. In this way it is possible to mount one on each other separate stacking units 5 equipped by wheels 50 to the required height. In this way as shematically shown on Fig. 5 and 7 is achieved stacking in vertical and horizontal direction in the required value through out the kiln volume 6 what consequently ensures good air permeability.
  • a UV-radiation device 8 is mounted, which is preferably an emitor of ultra-violet and is foreseen for emitting of UV-rays to the moisture contained in the air with the intention of eliminating the possibility of development cultures like mould, fungi and other microorganism.
  • the kiln compartment 1 in the area 10' there are furthermore available at least two magnets 9 in bipolar arrangement where magnetization treatment influences on all processe - chemical, phyisical and biological and on properties of all moisture that is present in the kiln volume 1.
  • the drying device on Fig. 4 and 5 enables an integrated drying process of dehumidification by condensation-convection method in a way as explained before.
  • the wood intended to be dryied is put into kiln volume 6 by opening loading lifting dooors 11 on staking units 5 on which is properly staked wood with accessories 51, if needed also with vertical distance elements 51' and horizontal distance elements 52.
  • a thin layer of wet substance sticked to rough surface of sawn wood is present on wood in this phase preventing further lossing of moisture content from wood.
  • the proces of drying is started by activation of ventilators 41, 42, 43, 44, ventilation unit 40, ventilator 25 attached to the heat condensation unit and activated ventilators 71.
  • the heat condensation unit 2 is activated and appropriate air circulation is generated on a preset temperature value achieved by activating heating elements 430, 440 of the ventilation unit 40.
  • the heating elements 430, 440 are disactivated and the required heat may be supplied only with activated heat condensation device 2.
  • activated heat condensation device 2 With the intention of acceleration of the drying process appropriate circulation of suitable warmed up air has to be established.
  • moisture present on/in the wood is absorbed by the air it is lead through the heat condensation device 2 where it is eliminated with the help of condensation unit 21 as shown in the Fig. 8 and thereafter led out of the device by means of the escape pipe 201.
  • the kiln compartment 1 be connected with external air by means of air shafts 121 and 122.
  • the air is warmed up to a certain degree and sucked by ventilators 25 and 41, 42, 43, 44 in a circulating movement trough the tunnel shaped air shaft 1000 where it is heated up if necessary by means of appropriate heating elements 430 and 440 threafter it passes trough the passage 30 and by the system vent 111 and air deflector 3 entering in the kiln volume 6 where it is lead by ventilators 17 depending on the configuration of the wood that is stacked on carriage stacking units 50.
  • the drying conditions enable an intensive transfer of moisture from wood to the circulating air.
  • the air shaft 122 Through the air shaft 122 the air emerges from the kiln volume 6 and the kiln compartment 1 outwards to the external atmosphere.
  • the coller air enriched with moisture has downstream tendency, in this case therefore towards the bottom 101 of the kiln compartment 1.
  • due the pressure difference is simultaneously the emerged air through the air shaft with the help of micro climate vent 1211 replaced by fresh air containing less moisture through the air shaft 121.
  • the rest of the air available in the kiln volume 6 passes trough the heat condensation unit 2 where moisture from the air is released by the help of condesing unit 21 and partially dried and heated up by means of the heating unit 22 to the desired degree emerges entering the tunnel air shaft 1000 with the help of all ventilators starts a new circulating cycle by entering into the kiln volume 6.
  • the drying mode as described enables especially at the beginning when a lot of free water is present on the wood and in it an way to dry wood without heating it up to high temperature causing possible drying defects known by drying in the past.
  • the wood contains capillars in cells that contain free liquid and absorbed molecules of water called moisture content which by being lowered if applying the right drying technology must be executed in the proper climate conditions depending mainly on the kind of wood and varying essentially from kind to kind, where circulating air should always be capapble of reducing moisture content, constantly emerging from the drying wood.
  • the new developed drying device in kiln volume 6 without engaging acsessories of any kind and restaking processes of wood and without additional heating of air.
  • the air passes through the passage 30 near the air deflector 3 and the system vent 111 is opened as shown on Fig. 6 and 7 in consideration that in most cases adittional heating of air is not needed, even functional exterminated the implementation of the new developed drying process can be executed.
  • the micro climate vent 1211 and the air shafts 121 and 122 are by implementation of new developed drying manner in their closed position.
  • the difference comparing to known solutions of drying processes is physical prevention of repeted circulation and mixing of dry and saturated air what would cause low efficiency.
  • the activated ventilators 41, 42, 43, 44 of the venting unit 40, ventilator 25 of the heat condensation device 2, and ventilators 71 generate appropriate air circulation.
  • the external air led into the kiln compartment 1 and consequently into the kiln volume 6 passes through the system vent 111, which is opened, and is thereafter led through the kiln volume 6 and through a self-adjustable vent 31 and after that through the heat condensation device 2 containing heating unit 22 is mostly or even permanently functionally exterminated but with the help of ventilator 25 is led through the tunnel-shaped air shaft 1000 to the air passage 30.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Adjustment And Processing Of Grains (AREA)
EP98911351A 1997-11-04 1998-03-30 A drying device Expired - Lifetime EP1029211B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI9700284 1997-11-04
SI9700284A SI9700284B (sl) 1997-11-04 1997-11-04 Susilna naprava
SI9800094A SI9800094B (sl) 1998-03-27 1998-03-27 Susilna naprava
SI9800094 1998-03-27
PCT/SI1998/000008 WO1999023430A1 (en) 1997-11-04 1998-03-30 A drying device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1029211A1 EP1029211A1 (en) 2000-08-23
EP1029211B1 true EP1029211B1 (en) 2003-01-22

Family

ID=26665265

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98911351A Expired - Lifetime EP1029211B1 (en) 1997-11-04 1998-03-30 A drying device

Country Status (27)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1029211B1 (hu)
JP (1) JP3955729B2 (hu)
KR (1) KR100481454B1 (hu)
CN (1) CN1139777C (hu)
AP (1) AP2000001792A0 (hu)
AT (1) ATE231605T1 (hu)
AU (1) AU765744B2 (hu)
BG (1) BG63980B1 (hu)
CA (1) CA2308245C (hu)
CZ (1) CZ298942B6 (hu)
DE (1) DE69810955T2 (hu)
DK (1) DK1029211T3 (hu)
EA (1) EA002122B1 (hu)
EE (1) EE04246B1 (hu)
ES (1) ES2191285T3 (hu)
HU (1) HU224255B1 (hu)
IL (1) IL135930A (hu)
IS (1) IS5459A (hu)
NO (1) NO325868B1 (hu)
NZ (1) NZ504078A (hu)
OA (1) OA11405A (hu)
PL (1) PL340367A1 (hu)
PT (1) PT1029211E (hu)
SK (1) SK286566B6 (hu)
TR (1) TR200001236T2 (hu)
WO (1) WO1999023430A1 (hu)
YU (1) YU49487B (hu)

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KR100445256B1 (ko) * 2002-03-14 2004-08-21 (주)뉴-그린 열풍건조장치
TR200601074A2 (tr) * 2006-03-08 2007-10-22 Elmotek Elektromekani̇k Otomasyon Taahhüt Dan. Eği̇ti̇m Ve Yazilim Tek San. Ve Ti̇c. Ltd.Şti̇. Kurutma fırınlarında yenilik
DE102007057237A1 (de) * 2007-11-26 2009-05-28 Umicore Ag & Co. Kg Tunnelofen für die Temperaturbehandlung von Waren
CN102087070B (zh) * 2009-12-07 2012-07-18 承逸工业有限公司 木板材的电热炉
CN102445056B (zh) * 2011-11-16 2014-04-02 西安银马实业发展有限公司 湿坯制品室式干燥二次码烧方法及其码烧系统
CN102564091B (zh) * 2012-01-30 2014-08-13 曹树梁 注浆成型中空陶瓷太阳板基体素坯的干燥方法
CN105651016B (zh) * 2016-03-18 2018-10-16 浙江安吉双虎竹木业有限公司 一种板材干燥装置
CN105627706B (zh) * 2016-03-18 2018-08-24 浙江安吉双虎竹木业有限公司 一种全方位循环供热烘箱系统
CN106123539A (zh) * 2016-06-25 2016-11-16 安徽省申运木业有限公司 一种木材干燥器
CN106247762B (zh) * 2016-08-30 2019-05-10 北京五洲木国际实业有限公司 一种顶风机型船舱木材干燥装置及干燥方法
CN106288671B (zh) * 2016-08-31 2019-05-10 北京五洲木国际实业有限公司 一种侧风机型船舱木材干燥装置及干燥方法
CN107398955A (zh) * 2017-08-15 2017-11-28 广西河池市宜州梦若天蓝信息科技有限公司 一种木棍切片机
CN109737703A (zh) * 2018-11-29 2019-05-10 颍上县陈家工艺家具有限公司 一种木材烘干装置
CN110686470A (zh) * 2019-09-23 2020-01-14 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 一种热泵烘干设备及其除湿控制方法和除湿控制装置
CN115289784A (zh) * 2022-08-02 2022-11-04 安徽九洲华隆实木家俬有限公司 一种实木家具烘干方法
CN117854883B (zh) * 2024-01-31 2024-07-09 山东金辉电气有限公司 一种干式变压器

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CH585379A5 (en) * 1974-08-23 1977-02-28 Felber Norbert Felix Timber drying plant with combined operating system - dries timber with heat pump air and air circulation to required dryness
DE2441855A1 (de) * 1974-08-31 1976-03-11 Niels Valdemar Vest Joergensen Anlage zum lufttrocknen von holz
USRE31633E (en) * 1979-02-21 1984-07-24 Lumber conditioning kiln
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CZ146894A3 (en) * 1994-06-15 1995-05-17 Els Equipment for drying and protection of wood

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU765744B2 (en) 2003-09-25
EA200000480A1 (ru) 2000-10-30
DE69810955T2 (de) 2003-05-15
NO20002349D0 (no) 2000-05-04
AU6531798A (en) 1999-05-24
CA2308245A1 (en) 1999-05-14
NO20002349L (no) 2000-05-04
EA002122B1 (ru) 2001-12-24
BG63980B1 (bg) 2003-08-29
TR200001236T2 (tr) 2000-11-21
CZ20001472A3 (cs) 2001-11-14
DK1029211T3 (da) 2003-05-19
HUP0100543A3 (en) 2001-12-28
OA11405A (en) 2004-04-08
NO325868B1 (no) 2008-08-04
CN1139777C (zh) 2004-02-25
PT1029211E (pt) 2003-04-30
WO1999023430A1 (en) 1999-05-14
YU49487B (sh) 2006-08-17
ES2191285T3 (es) 2003-09-01
BG104350A (en) 2000-12-29
PL340367A1 (en) 2001-01-29
HU224255B1 (hu) 2005-07-28
DE69810955D1 (de) 2003-02-27
NZ504078A (en) 2003-08-29
YU25800A (sh) 2002-06-19
ATE231605T1 (de) 2003-02-15
JP2001522028A (ja) 2001-11-13
CA2308245C (en) 2010-01-12
KR20010031765A (ko) 2001-04-16
CN1277670A (zh) 2000-12-20
EE04246B1 (et) 2004-02-16
EP1029211A1 (en) 2000-08-23
IL135930A0 (en) 2001-05-20
AP2000001792A0 (en) 2000-06-30
EE200000261A (et) 2001-06-15
IS5459A (is) 2000-04-18
SK286566B6 (sk) 2009-01-07
KR100481454B1 (ko) 2005-04-08
CZ298942B6 (cs) 2008-03-19
IL135930A (en) 2003-12-10
HUP0100543A2 (hu) 2001-08-28
JP3955729B2 (ja) 2007-08-08
SK6312000A3 (en) 2001-05-10

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